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Background Multitrait analysis of quantitative trait loci can capture the maximum information of experiment. The maximum-likelihood approach and the least-square approach have been developed to jointly analyze multiple traits, but it is difficult for them to include multiple QTL simultaneously into one model. Results In this article, we have successfully extended Bayesian composite space approach, which is an efficient model selection method that can easily handle multiple QTL, to multitrait mapping of QTL. There are many statistical innovations of the proposed method compared with Bayesian single trait analysis. The first is that the parameters for all traits are updated jointly by vector or matrix; secondly, for QTL in the same interval that control different traits, the correlation between QTL genotypes is taken into account; thirdly, the information about the relationship of residual error between the traits is also made good use of. The superiority of the new method over separate analysis was demonstrated by both simulated and real data. The computing program was written in FORTRAN and it can be available for request. Conclusion The results suggest that the developed new method is more powerful than separate analysis.

To investigate the changes of plasma suPAR level in patients with multiple myeloma, ELISA was used to detect plasma suPAR level, and routine examination was performed for other clinical indexes in 26 multiple myeloma patients. The results showed that plasma suPAR level in patients was 4.31+/-1.67 ng/ml, which was obviously higher than that in control group (1.87+/-0.27 ng/ml) (p0.01). Plasma suPAR level in IgM subtype patients was 6.18+/-3.61 ng/ml, which was highest among all the subtypes; the plasma suPAR levels in non-secretion subtype, IgG and IgA subtype were 4.43+/-1.55 ng/ml, 4.00+/-0.95 ng/ml and 3.50+/-1.60 ng/ml respectively. The plasma suPAR levels in all subtypes were higher than that in control group, but there was no differences between these subtypes. SuPAR level was correlated with the blood sedimentation rate, creatinine level and hemoglobin level, plasma cell ratio and M protein level. It is concluded that the change of plasma suPAR level in multiple myeloma contributes to predict the development and prognosis of the disease.

To assess the correlation between micrometastasis in mesorectum and pathological factors after total mesorectal excision(TME) in lower rectal cancer.All lymph nodes were obtained by fat clearance from 31 lower rectal cancer patients with TME. The lymph nodes which had previously been considered negative of metastasis by conventional examination were submitted to immunohistochemical examination to identify the micrometastases using anti-cytokeratin antibody. The correlation between micrometastasis and pathological factors were analyzed.One thousand and seven LNs were collected from 31 patients. One hundred and five LNs were found positive by conventional examination, and the mean diameter was (5.5 +/- 3.1) mm. The mean diameter of conventional negative LNS was (2.8 +/- 1.5) mm. The diameter differed significantly between conventional positive and negative LNS (P0.05). In 902 conventional negative LNs, 26 contained micrometastasis (209%) and the mean diameter was (3.3 +/- 1.2) mm. The diameter of LNs with micrometastasis was significantly smaller than that of conventional positive LNs (P0.05). The diameter of most of the micrometastatic LNs(88.5%) was less than 5 mm. Fourteen patients (38.7%) contained micrometastasis. The pathological stage, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and tumor differentiation were related to micrometastasis (P0.05).With the detection of micrometastasis after fat clearance, we can estimate the LN metastasis status more accurately. It can be useful in clinical staging and individual treatment of rectal cancer.

Background: Intravenous injection or topical application of tranexamic acid during total hip arthroplasty has been shown to effectively reduce blood loss. There is no consensus on differences in clinical efficacy and safety between these two administration methods. To determine the optimal clinical efficacy of tranexamic acid during hip replacement, we will compare differences between these two administration methods during total hip arthroplasty. Methods/Design: The study protocol is a prospective, paired (1:1:1), double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 174 patients who will receive hip replacement at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China will be randomly divided into three groups, with 58 patients per group. Before the end of surgery, in the placebo group, 60 mL of physiological saline will be used to soak the articular cavity for at least 3 minutes and then be sucked away; in the topical tranexamic acid group, 60 mL of physiological saline containing 3 g tranexamic acid will be used and then sucked away; in the intravenous tranexamic acid group, 100 mL of physiological saline containing 10 mg/kg tranexamic acid will be intravenously administered 15 minutes before surgery and then again 3 hours later. The primary outcome is total blood loss on postoperative day 3, which is calculated using Nadler's and Gross's formula. Secondary outcomes include blood transfusion rates, drainage output within 2 days postoperation, amount of human serum albumin used during hospitalization, postoperative blood coagulation indices, and incidences of deep venous thrombosis and other thromboembolic events during postoperative day 1-week 6. Discussion: This protocol is powered to provide reference information for the rational use of tranexamic acid by comparing clinical efficacy of the drug between intravenous and topical administration routes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02312440; registered on 28 November 2014. Ethical approval: This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (permission No. (2014)-47-2) and will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

To obtain the glucose metabolic profile of patients with essential hypertension in China.This is an epidemiologic cross-sectional survey and screening study, 5 sites in China participated in. Patients with essential hypertension and without known diabetes mellitus(DM) answered the questionnaire and received in-site fasting blood glucose (FBG) determination and simple oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).A total of 1,421 patients had the data of FBG and OGTT 2-hour glucose. Among them, The prevalence rates of newly diagnosed DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) were 22.9% and 64.4% respectively. Patients with newly diagnosed DM have higher systolic blood pressure, waistline, waist-to-hip ratio and plasma triglyceride.Newly diagnosed disturbed glucose metabolic status is common among patients with essential hypertension without DM history, which had very low diagnose rate in routine work. We must pay more attention to the glucose metabolic status of patients with hypertension, especially the one with metabolic syndrome, OGTT should be as a routine procedure in the diagnosis of such patients.

To evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapy conditions in hospitalized patients with essential hypertension in Beijing.Patients with essential hypertension hospitalized in 20 Beijing hospitals in recent 2 years were included in this epidemiologic retrospective survey. Data on age, blood pressure level, risk factors and complicated diseases, antihypertensive medication and heart structural and functional characteristics measured by echocardiography were collected.Total 5106 hospitalized patients (mean age 63.78 years) with essential hypertension were recorded. Mean blood pressure was 145.97/84.23 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa). Among them, 75.5% complicated with at least one risk factor, 30% suffered from heart failure. The atria enlargement and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were the two most common echocardiographic pathological changes. Left ventricular hypertrophy is positively correlated with blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and plasma creatinine, old age and decreased HDL-cholesterol were risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy. Only 32.1% patients achieved the goal blood pressure level (140/90 mm Hg) and 38.1% patients were treated with monotherapy. The most commonly used antihypertensive drugs were calcium channel blockers and diuretics.It is of importance to strictly follow the therapy guidelines on hypertension treatment and use combined drug therapy to increase the rate of patients reaching goal blood pressure level and reduce hypertensive complications.

To assess the efficacy and safety of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 80/12.5 mg once daily (o.d.) in Chinese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension who was not adequately controlled by valsartan 80 mg o.d. monotherapy.In this multi-center, double-blind, randomized, active controlled, parallel group trial, 1051 out of 1175 Chinese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension [DBPor= 95 mm Hg and110 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa)] completed single-blind run-in period (valsartan 80 mg o.d. therapy for 4 weeks) after 2 week's wash-out period. At the end of the single-blind run-in period, those patients with DBPor= 95 mm Hg (n = 864) were randomized in 1:1 ratio to Valsartan and Valsartan 80 mg (n = 429)/HCTZ80/12.5 mg (n = 435) treatment o.d. for 8 weeks. Safety and efficacy was assessed every 4 weeks during double blind phase.At the end of study, valsartan/HCTZ 80/12.5 mg combination treatment further reduced systolic (-3.5 mm Hg) and diastolic (-2.2 mm Hg) pressures and increased the rate of patients reaching goal BP level (53.9% vs. 40.9%) compared to valsartan 80 mg o.d. monotherapy. Incidence of side effects was similar between the combination therapy and monotherapy groups (8.9% vs. 5.1%, P0.05).Efficacy of Valsartan 80 mg/HCTZ 12.5 mg compound was superior to valsartan 80 mg on BP reduction and goal BP control rate in Chinese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. The combination of Valsartan 80 mg/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 mg provides a suitable treatment for Chinese patients who are not adequately controlled by valsartan 80 mg o.d. monotherapy.

To explore the relationship between the expression of CD133 and pathogenesis of leukemia and MDS, immunocytochemistry method was used to examine the expression of CD133 in bone marrow cells of patients with leukemia and MDS. The results showed that the positive rate of CD133 in 41 acute leukemia patients was 51.2%. The expression of CD133 in AML patients (16/29, 55.2%) was significantly higher than that in control group (2/15, 13.3%). There was no significant difference in CD133 expression between CML and control group. The positive rate of CD133 in 9 patients with MDS was 55.56% (5/9). There was no significant difference between MDS and normal control. The expression of CD133 in all leukemia cells with CD34(+) was higher than that in leukemia cells with CD34(-), and there was significant difference in expression of CD133 between them (P0.05). The expression of CD133 had no relationship with the clinical prognostic factors such as sex, age, the percentage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood and in bone marrow, WBC counts, hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts and LDH level. It is concluded that the expression of CD133 in bone marrow cells of patients with AML is higher than that in control group. The expression of CD133 is significantly correlated with the expression of CD34. The high expression of CD133 may be an adverse prognostic factor in acute leukemia.

To investigate the expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) in acute leukemia, as well as the relationship of their expression with prognosis in acute leukemia, expressions of PTTG and b-FGF in acute leukemia (AL) specimens were detected by immunocytochemical technique. The results showed that the expressions of PTTG and b-FGF in AL group were higher than that in the control group significantly (P0.01). In AL group, after chemotherapy, the expression of PTTG and b-FGF in de novo patients group was higher than in the complete remission patient group significantly (P0.01). The expressions of PTTG and b-FGF showed positive correlation (r = 0.61, P0.01). It is concluded that Up-regulation of PTTG and b-FGF expression may be involved in the progression of acute leukemia and correlated closely with therapeutic effect. Associated detection of PTTG and b-FGF may help to judge the malignancy degree and prognosis of acute leukemia.

To assess the indication and efficacy of surgical treatment for patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer.Clinical data of 43 patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer undergoing surgery from September 1995 to May 2002 were analyzed retrospectively.No relationships were found between the number of hepatic metastases and patient's gender, age, tumor invasion depth, lymphatic node metastases and differentiation P0.05. All of 43 patients underwent surgery. Four cases undergoing hepatic resection for metachronous hepatic metastases had a higher survival rate than those who had curative resections for synchronous hepatic metastases (median survival 35 months vs. 10 months) (P=0.0233). 39 patients had synchronous hepatic metastases, of whom 32 patients received gastric resection only and 7 patients received both gastric and hepatic resections, there was significant difference of median survival between synchronous group and metachronous group(median survival 6.0 vs. median survival 10.0 months)(P=0.2799). There was significant difference of the postoperative survival rate among H (1) (7.5 months), H (2) (6 months) and H (3) (4 months) in the patients with palliative gastric resections (P=0.0007).Hepatic resection for metachronous hepatic metastases from gastric cancer has a better prognosis. Resections of gastric and hepatic lesions at the same time may not benefit the patients with liver metastases from gastric cancer. H(3) is not feasible for palliative gastric resections.

This paper presents an improved sample/hold (S/H) circuit design for analog LCD applications. The circuit possesses the dual characteristics of high sampling precision and low switch noise and is thus suitable for video signal sampling applications. In order to increase accuracy of sampling and to reduce switch noise, the design uses an operational amplifier with current-mode switch, which incorporates an improved buffer amplifier, and introduces a noise elimination technique by using a differential amplifier. The simulation results show that for a typical signal sampling application and its BiCMOS implementation, the design has achieved a minimal signal distortion and significantly reduced noise effect.

L615 leukemia cell line is a transplantable acute lymphocytic leukemia model with the CD4 positive phenotype. In this study, we explored whether tumor response specific T cells can be separated from the live leukemia mice or not.The mutant HGPRT- L615 cell line was first established. The splenocytes from HGPRT- L615 leukemia mice were cultured and expanded in mixed tumor-lymphocytes culture manner. The expanded T cells were sorted with FACScan. Then their killing capacity, IFN-gamma release as well as antitumor capacity in adoptive transfer experiments were analyzed.The expanded response T cells are mostly CD4 positive. The CD4 positive T cells showed high release of IFN-gamma upon stimulation but lacked significant cytotoxicity. In immunochemotherapy model, these CD4 positive T cells can cure most leukemia mice.We demonstrated the feasibility of separation of tumor response specific CD4+ T cells from CD4+ L615 leukemia mice. These CD4+ T cells can cure leukemia mice upon adoptive transfer in combination with cyclophosphamide pretreatment.

The aim of the study is to explore the antitumor capacity of effector cells generated from murine splenocytes with sequential addition of a cocktail of cytokines and the possible contribution of dendritic cells to the antitumor capacity of these effector cells.Interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, anti-CD3 mAb and IL-2 were used to activate murine splenocytes either from naive mice (termed cytokine activated T cells, CAT) or from DC based vaccine primed mice (termed specific effector T cells, SET). The antitumor roles of SET and CAT were analyzed in murine L615 T lymphocytic leukemia. Both CAT and SET were CD4(+)-predominant phenotypically and didn't show any significant cytotoxicity against a variety of syngeneic and allogeneic target cell lines using 51Cr release assay. When injected in vivo in combination with CY, CAT can cure a large proportion of leukemia mice. The cured mice couldn't establish specific antitumor immunity. However, in contrast to the roles of CAT, SET show far superior antitumor efficacy on a per cell basis compared with CAT. Moreover, the SET cured mice developed tumor specific long term memory immunity which was sufficient to reject a subsequent otherwise lethal tumor cells rechallenge and was transferable to naive immunocompetent mice.Our data demonstrate that there remain fundamentally different antitumor functions of CAT and SET which might be useful in the immunotherapy strategy choices.

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of essential hypertension in the northern and western areas of China.A community-based sampling survey.Rates of awareness, treatment and control were 78.6%, 59.7% and 5.9%, respectively. About half of the diagnosed and treated patients took antihypertensive medicine irregularly before the survey was carried out.It is necessary to carry out education, prevention and control on hypertension and to establish a series of standards for the management and treatment on cases of hypertension.

The recording of multiplexing hologram on one holo film has been studied theoretically and verified experimentally in this paper, and it has been put forward that when multiframe holograms are recorded on one holo film, superposition and modulation of the interference fringes is the main cause to reduce the diffraction efficiency of some holograms having disperse fringes in the multiframe holograms.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Production of surface pressure, plasma formation and momentum transfer of target is analyzed in interaction between laser and target material in this paper, a low-energy and high-power 1.06 micrometers YAG laser with a pulse width of 15 ns is applied to act upon different target material surfaces, and by using a pendulum shift technique to measure displacement of the target surface, momentum transfer and momentum coupling coefficient are obtained at different conditions.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

1-Benzyl-1, 4-dihydronicotinamide (1) and KCN reacted with 2-( o-bromomethyl)-benzylidene-1, 3-indandione (2) to give 7, 12-dihydro-1-oxoindeno[3, 2-c][2]benzooxepine (3) and 1′-cyano-3′-hydro-2, 2′-spirobi[2H-indene]-1, 3-dione (4), respectively, and the selectivity of O-alkylation and C-alkylation is discussed.

The thermoelastic stress wave stimulated by laser inside a solid medium is studied theoretically and experimentally, and the speed of the wave inside epoxy resin is measured.

Although Stat5a and Stat5b exhibit some non-redundant functional properties, their distinct contributions to carcinogenesis are not clearly defined. Here we report that Stat5a expression is selectively inhibited by DNA methylation of the Stat5a gene promoter region in cells expressing an oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM/ALK. The DNA methylation is induced by NPM/ALK itself by employing its key effector Stat3, and is associated with binding to the promoter of MeCP2 capping protein and lack of binding of the Stat5a transcription activator Sp-1. Reversal of the methylation by DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5′-aza-2-deoxycytidine, restores the Sp-1 binding and Stat5a expression. Strikingly, the induced or exogenously expressed Stat5a binds to enhancer and exon 14 of the NPM/ALK gene and triggers selective suppression of NPM/ALK expression. These results demonstrate that NPM/ALK induces epigenetic silencing of Stat5a and that Stat5a can act as key tumor suppressor by reciprocally inhibiting expression of NPM/ALK.