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In order to solve the flight time problem of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), this paper proposes a set of energy management strategies based on reinforcement learning for hybrid agricultural UAV. The battery is used to optimize the working point of internal combustion engines to the greatest extent while solving the high power demand issues of UAV and the response problem of internal combustion engines. Firstly, the decision-making oriented hybrid model and UAV dynamic model are established. Owing to the characteristics of the energy management strategy (EMS) based on reinforcement learning (RL), which is an intelligent optimization algorithm that has emerged in recent years, the complex theoretical formula derivation is avoided in the modeling process. In terms of the EMS, a double Q learning algorithm with strong convergence is adopted. The algorithm separates the state action value function database used in derivation decisions and the state action value function-updated database brought by the decision, so as to avoid delay and shock within the convergence process caused by maximum deviation. After the improvement, the off-line training is carried out with a large number of flight data generated in the past. The simulation results demonstrate that the improved algorithm can show better performance with less learning cost than before by virtue of the search function strategy proposed in this paper. In the state space, time-based and residual fuel-based selection are carried out successively, and the convergence rate and application effect are compared and analyzed. The results show that the learning algorithm has stronger robustness and convergence speed due to the appropriate selection of state space under different types of operating cycles. After 120,000 cycles of training, the fuel economy of the improved algorithm in this paper can reach more than 90% of that of the optimal solution, and can perform stably in actual flight.

OBJECTIVE Investigate the chromosome status and transfer outcomes of embryos selected using routine "best morphology" IVF practices. METHOD A prospective multi-center, non-selection cohort study involving patients undertaking IVF treatment. Study entry conditions were blastocyst biopsy, >1 embryo with chromosome analysis and frozen transfer of the best morphology embryo. Primary analyses were βhCG positive, implantation, ongoing pregnancy and birth rates and pregnancy-stage progression failures. RESULTS After transfer, embryo chromosome status was assigned and outcomes divided into two primary groups - euploids (n = 135) and aneuploids (n = 53). Compared to euploid embryo transfers, aneuploid embryos had significantly lower primary outcomes (+βhCG: 67% vs. 30%, p

The present review focuses on the synthesis of cyclic 5′-deoxynucleoside phosphonate analogs. The formation of various phosphonate alkyl moieties is accomplished through (i) Wittig (or HWE) type condensation to the nucleoside aldehyde moiety; (ii) nucleophilic displacement reaction using phosphonate anion or Lewis acid; (iii) Arbuzov reaction; (iv) olefin cross-metathesis between vinyl phosphonates and vinylated nucleosides; and (v) radical reaction and Pd catalyzed alkyne. For the coupling of nucleobases with cyclic moieties, the Mitsunobu reaction and Sonogashira-type cross-coupling are usually applied. For the coupling of furanose moieties with nucleobases, Vorbrüggentype condensation is generally applied. Addition reactions mediated by selenium ions are mainly applied for the coupling of carbocyclic moieties. Their biological activity results have been summarized.

“Dual triggering” for final oocyte maturation using a combination of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can improve clinical outcomes in high responders during in vitro fertilization–intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF–ICSI) GnRH-antagonist cycles. However, whether this dual trigger is also beneficial to normal responders is not known. We retrospectively analyzed the data generated from 469 normal responders from 1 January to 31 December 2017. The final oocyte maturation was undertaken with a dual trigger with a GnRHa combined with hCG (n = 270) or hCG alone (n = 199). Patients were followed up for 3 years. The cumulative live-birth rate was calculated as the first live birth achieved after all cycles having an embryo transfer (cycles using fresh embryos and frozen–thawed embryos) among both groups. Women in the dual-trigger group achieved a slightly higher number of oocytes retrieved (11.24 vs. 10.24), higher number of two-pronuclear (2PN) embryos (8.37 vs. 7.67) and a higher number of embryos available (4.45 vs. 4.03). However, the cumulative live-birth rate and the all-inclusive success rate for assisted reproductive technology was similar between the two groups (54.07 vs. 59.30%). We showed that a dual trigger was not superior to a hCG-alone trigger for normal responders in GnRH-antagonist cycles in terms of the cumulative live-birth rate.

It is well known that a dual trigger treatment can improve clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in high or normal ovarian responders. However, it is not clear whether dual triggering also benefits patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether a dual trigger treatment of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist combined with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for final follicular maturation improves the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) during the GnRH-antagonist cycle in patients with DOR.This retrospective study included patients with DOR who received a GnRH-antagonist protocol during IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) cycles at Peking University People's Hospital from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017. Oocyte maturation was triggered by GnRH combined with hCG (n=110) or hCG alone (n=71). Embryos were transferred on the third day after oocyte retrieval or during a subsequent freeze-thaw cycle. Patients were followed up for 3 years.The dual trigger treatment did not affect CLBR, which is an overall determinant of the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Women in the dual trigger group had significantly higher rates of fertilization than those in the hCG group (90.1% vs. 83.9%, P=0.040).Dual trigger with GnRH agonist and hCG did not improve CLBR in patients with DOR, but did slightly improve fertilization rate, oocyte count, and embryo quality.

The present review mainly focuses on the synthesis methodology of acyclic or cyclic phosphonodifluoromethylene nucleoside phosphonate analogs. Biological activity results of the final compounds are briefly described. The formation of various phosphonate moieties is achieved via (i) cross-coupling between BrZnCF2P(O)(OEt)2 and iodoalkenes catalyzed by CuBr, (ii) Michael type addition, (iii) diazomethane cyclopropanation catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2, and (iv) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azidealkylphosphonates and propargylated nucleobases. For the coupling of nucleobases with acyclic moieties, the Mitsunobu reaction, SN2 alkylation, and Sonogashira-type cross coupling are usually applied. For the coupling of furanose moieties with nucleobases, Vorbruggen-type condensation is generally applied. Addition reactions mediated by selenium ion are mainly applied for the coupling of the carbocyclic moiety.

More women postpone childbearing nowadays while female fertility begins to decline with advancing age. Furthermore, with the rolling out of the two-child policy, there is a huge demand for a second child for Chinese aged women. There are various assisted reproductive technology (ART) strategies applied for age-related infertility without solid evidence. On behalf of the Society of Reproductive Medicine, Chinese Medical Association, we would like to develop a Chinese guideline of ART strategies for age-related infertility. This guideline was produced following the recommendations for standard guidelines described in the 2012 WHO Handbook for guideline development. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was also followed. A protocol was formulated and a Guideline Development Group was formed with specialists of reproductive medicine, methodologists from Chinese GRADE working group, and patient representative. Questions regarding the ART strategies for aged infertility were formulated and 8 most important ones were chosen to be structured in PICO format (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes). Comprehensive search and review of the literature were performed and the quality of the evidence was assessed and rated based on certain criteria and be categorized as high, moderate, low, or very low. Twenty-five recommendations were formulated among members of the Guidelines Development Group (Delphi method) basing on the overall quality of the evidence, in addition to the balance between benefits and harms, values and preferences, and resource implications. The final recommendations were agreed on by consensus during face-to-face meetings. This is the first Chinese practice guideline in reproductive medicine developed following the standard and scientific method.

Over the last few decades, transition metal-catalyzed direct C-H activation with the assistance of a coordinating directing group has emerged as an atom- and stepeconomical synthetic tools to transform C–H bonds into carbon-carbon or carbonheteroatom bonds. Although the strategies involving regioselective C–H cleavage assisted by various directing groups have been extensively reviewed in the literature, we now attempt to give an overview of the recent advances on phosphorus-containing functional group assisted C-H activation reactions catalyzed by transition-metal catalysts including mechanistic study and synthetic applications. The discussion is directed towards C-H olefination, C-H activation/cyclization, C-H arylation, C-H amination, C-H hydroxylation and acetoxylation as well as miscellaneous C-H activation.

Intense 2.9 µm emission corresponding to Dy3+:6H13/2 → 6H15/2 transition was achieved in Yb3+/Dy3+ codoped CaYAlO4 crystal for the first time. The effects of Yb3+ on the spectroscopic properties and energy transfer mechanisms were investigated. In comparison with Dy3+ singly-doped CaYAlO4 crystal, Yb3+/Dy3+ codoped crystal not only has intense 2.9 µm emission, but also has longer upper laser level lifetime, which facilitates particle number inversion and laser behavior in 2.9 µm. Furthermore, the energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+ to Dy3+ in Yb3+/Dy3+ codoped crystal was as high as 87.3%, indicating effective energy transfer of Yb3+. Besides, the energy transfer microscopic parameters between Yb3+ and Dy3+ were theoretically analyzed. The results indicate that the introduction of Yb3+ is very beneficial for achieving 2.9 µm laser in Dy3+: CaYAlO4 crystal, which could act as a potential gain media for LD pumped mid-infrared laser.

A series of Dy3+-activated CaYAl3O7 (Dy: CaYAl3O7) phosphors were synthesized by the solid-state reaction at high temperature. The prepared phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the results showed that the main phase of the phosphor was CaYAl3O7. The structure of CaYAl3O7 was investigated and the first-principles calculations were carried out for the first time. The photoluminescence properties of them were investigated in detail through the measurements of their emission spectra and fluorescence decay curves. The fluorescence decay curves of the 4F9/2 state with different Dy3+ ions concentrations exhibited multi-exponential decaying behavior, then the lifetimes were fitted and compared. Furthermore, the energy transfer processes within Dy: CaYAl3O7 phosphors were investigated. In the visible region, a strong emission band was observed with peak at 574 nm, corresponding to 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transition, which indicates that Dy: CaYAl3O7 is good material for yellow light applications.

This study investigated the association between house cleaning frequency and the risk of miscarriage in a case control sample of Chinese population. We recruited 59 pregnant women with clinical pregnancy loss as cases and 122 women who chose to conduct induced abortion as controls. All participants were aged 20~40 years and completed a questionnaire of lifestyle exposure with a trained nurse. The effect of frequency of cleaning up on risk of miscarriage was estimated using multivariable logistic regressions, adjusting for potential confounders. In the present study, it was shown that house cleaning of less than twice per week was significantly associated with cough during day or night with odds ratio (OR) of 2.97 (95% CI: 1.36~6.75, p = 0.007), and cough during day or night was significantly associated with risk of miscarriage with OR of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.22~6.02, p = 0.014). Thus, house cleaning of less than twice per week was statistically significantly associated with miscarriage with OR of 3.05 (95% CI: 1.51~6.31, p = 0.002). We found that females who have their house cleaned less than twice per week are at elevated risk for miscarriage. Therefore, the home of pregnant woman should be cleaned at least twice per week in order to avoid miscarriage.

A coupled model has been developed to simulate groundwater flow in fractured karst systems according to the complex geological and karst hydrogeological conditions of the dam site, where a 3D mathematical model based on Boussinesq equation was used to describe the movement of groundwater flow in fractured medium, and a 1D conduit model for karst medium. The model was solved with the continuous hydraulic heads at the common boundaries. The hydraulic conductivities of karst medium were determined by geometrical parameters and flux of pipes. Furthermore, the permeability parameters for fractured medium were calibrated by the measured and calculated groundwater levels. The calibrated model was employed to predict the variation of groundwater flow field and leakage from the karst pipes and underground powerhouse during the reservoir operation. The simulated results showed that the groundwater level of the powerhouse had decreased by about 2–5 m. The water level of conveyance pipeline had risen by 10–20 m, and the water level on both banks had risen by 15–25 m. The leakage of karst conduits for impervious failure was larger than that for normal seepage control. In addition, the leakage of the powerhouse was estimated to be about 1000–3000 m3/d, and the seepage control of karst pipes had little influence on the leakage of underground powerhouse.

It has been widely acknowledged that the dual triggering for final oocyte maturation with a combination of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) improve clinical outcomes in high responders during IVF-ICSI GnRH-antagonist cycles. However, it remains elusive whether this dual trigger is also benifical to the normal responders. The aim of this study was to investigate this issue. In the present study, we retrospectively analysed the data generated from a total of 469 normal responders from 1st January to 31st December 2017 and final oocyte maturation was performed with dual trigger with GnRH agonist combined hCG (n=270) or hCG alone (n=199). All the patients were followed up for three years. Cumulative live birth rate was calculated as the first live birth achieved after all cycles having an embryo transfer (fresh cycles as well as thawing cycles) among both groups. Subjects in the dual trigger group achieved a slightly higher number of oocytes retrieved (11.24 vs. 10.24), higher number of two-pronuclear embryo (2PN) (8.37 vs.7.67) and a higher number of embryos available (4.45 vs.4.03). But the cumulative live birth rate, an all-inclusive success rate for assisted reproductive technology, was similar between the two groups (54.07% vs.59.30%). This study showed that the dual trigger was not superior to only hCG trigger for normal responders in GnRH antagonist cycles in terms of cumulative live birth rate.

International audience; Lufeng County in Southwest China is one of the most famous lagerstätten in which Early Jurassic dinosaurs can be found. The reason for the burial of large body size dinosaur fossils at this site is still an enigma, although it could be attributed to either suitable habitats or good preservation conditions. Both of these factors are indirectly regulated by climatic conditions. Therefore, a quantitative reconstruction of the terrestrial palaeoclimate of the Lufeng area during the Early Jurassic could help shed new light on this issue. In this study, we analysed the stable isotope compositions of oxygen and carbon (δ13C and δ18O) in apatite phosphate and carbonate from the tooth enamel and compact bones of basal sauropodiform and Sinosaurus fossils. The oxygen isotopes provided a mean annual temperature (MAT) of ≥21 ± 3°C, and the carbon isotopes allowed us to estimate a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 965 ± 460 mm/yr during the Early Jurassic in Lufeng County. These conditions correspond to a relatively arid tropical savanna climate hospitable to vertebrate life. We also compared the spatial relationship between the global distribution of dinosaur fossils and climatically sensitive deposits during the Jurassic. The dinosaur fossil distribution reveals a strong preference for arid regions. We therefore suggest that ‘savanna-like’ tropical conditions helped accommodate a large number of dinosaurs and preserve their carcasses in the Lufeng area during the Early Jurassic.

Development of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) based theranostics has suffered due to its self-contradictory requirements on water dispersity and drug loadings. Generally well-dispersed SPIONs have excellent MRI performance but are insensitive to magnetism mediated delivery. Besides, loading hydrophobic drugs also hampers the stability of SPIONs which is critical for their biomedical applications. Considering these aspects, we employed curcumin as a cross-linking agent to facilitate the modular assembly of drug and monodisperse SPIONs (Cur/ALN-β-CD-SPIONs). Interestingly, the saturation magnetization of Cur/ALN-β-CD-SPIONs is higher than that of ALN-β-CD-SPIONs, and the value of

Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions, and in situ hydrogeological tests of the emergency groundwater source in Nantong City, China, a 3D numerical model of the heterogeneous anisotropy in the study area was established and calibrated using data from pumping and recovery tests. The calibrated model was used to simulate and predict the water level of the depression cone during the emergency pumping and water level recovery. The results showed that after seven days of pumping, the water level in the center of the depression cone ranged from &minus, 51 m to &minus, 55 m, and compared with the initial water level, the water level dropped by 29 m to 32 m. The calculated water level has a small deviation compared with that of the analytical solution, which indicates the reliability and rationality of the numerical solution. Furthermore, during water level recovery, the water level of pumping wells and its surroundings rose rapidly, which was a difference of about 0.28 m from the initial water level after 30 days, indicating that the groundwater level had recovered to the state before pumping. Due to the emergency pumping time is not long, the water levels of Tonglu Canal, surrounding residential wells, and other aquifers will not be affected. After stopping pumping, the water level recovers quickly, so the change of water level in a short time will not lead to large land subsidence and has little impact on the surrounding environment.

In this paper, we propose an improved lane determination algorithm to increase the accuracy and stability of the driving assistance system in an automatic driving system when determining the position of a lane in a complex driving environment. Based on the proposed single-scale Retinex enhancement and Gamma correction fusion image enhancement algorithm, we introduce a Hidden Markov Model improvement road segmentation algorithm to extract lane feature points by separating the region of interest and at the same time, we design a vanishing line detection technology based on improved V-disparity map. Experimental data show that the proposed algorithm has excellent detection capabilities and can detect main lanes in complex road environments such as shadows, traffic congestion, and uneven lighting.

BACKGROUND: Strict medication guidance and lifestyle interventions to manage blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients are typically difficult to follow. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 1-year effectiveness of lifestyle and drug intervention in the management of rural hypertensive patients. DESIGN: Randomized community intervention trial. PARTICIPANTS: The control group comprised 967 patients who received standard antihypertensive drug intervention therapy from two communities, whereas the intervention group comprised 1945 patients who received antihypertensive drug and lifestyle intervention therapies from four communities in rural China. MAIN MEASURES: Data on lifestyle behaviors and BP measurements at baseline and 1-year follow-up were collected. A difference-in-difference logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of the intervention. KEY RESULTS: BP control after the 1-year intervention was better than that at baseline in both groups. The within-group change in BP control of 59.3% in the intervention group was much higher than the 25.2% change in the control group (P

Off-shore wind turbine is a new hot spot in the field of new energy. Due to the characteristics of high salt fog, high humidity and long sunshine time in the marine environment, the anti-corrosion performance of air radiator in the water cooling system of high-power wind turbine has higher requirements. By analyzing the air radiator core used in high-power off-shore wind turbine project, this paper analyzes the effect of the existing anti-corrosion technology and corrosion mechanism, and puts forward the anti-corrosion design method and treatment method of the air radiator, which can provide guidance experience for related engineering projects.

With the promotion of technology and policy, wind power generation is developing towards large-scale and offshore. Due to the great amount of heat and high maintenance cost, higher requirements are put forward for the cooling system, among which the vibration is particularly important. In this paper, the vibration problem of the wind turbine in the generator cooling system is studied. The vibration experiment is carried out and found that the vibration can be effectively controlled only when the motor frequency is dynamically balanced in all the range; Strengthening the connection between the wind turbine and the bracket, the vibration velocity is reduced from 48.1mm/s to 12.4mm/s; The frequency corresponding to the peak vibration velocity is changed at the same time; According to the modal analysis, the range of the natural frequency of the wind turbine coincides with that of the motor frequency, causing the resonance. In the structural design of the wind turbine, the coincidence of natural frequency and motor frequency should be avoided; The simulation results are in agreement with experimental results. This two methods can effectively solve the vibration problem.

The synthesis of five series of 4'-truncated nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues is discussed in this review: (1) 4'-truncated furanose nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues; (2) 4'-truncated pyrrolidine nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues; (3) 4'-truncated carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues; (4) 4'-truncated isoxazole nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues; (5) 4'-truncated miscellaneous nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues. Five different ways are used to make the phosphonate moiety: (i) Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction of RX (X = Br, I, OTf) with trialkyl phosphate; (ii) Lewis acid catalyzed Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction of glycoside with trialkyl phosphite; (iii) nucleophilic addition of a dialkyl phosphite to a carbonyl group; (iv) direct coupling reaction with amino alkyl phosphonate; (v) de novo synthesis of phosphonated-isoxazole and 1,3-dioxolane heterocycles from phosphonated starting materials. Their biological activity results are briefly discussed.

Background: It is unclear how different diets may affect human brain development and if genetic and environmental factors play a part. Methods: We used cross-sectional observational data from UK Biobank. Only white British individuals free of Alzheimer's or dementia diseases were included in the study. We conducted linear regression analysis and mediation models to examine the association between diets, gerey matter volume, genetic variants, lifestyle, and metabolic measures. We tested the association between the GMV-association patterns of the cereal/coffee intake, the GMV-association patterns of cognitive functions and the gene-expression patterns. Findings: Overall, 336517 participants were included in our analysis. We discovered anti-correlated brain-wide grey matter volume (GMV)-association patterns between coffee and cereal intake, coincidence with their anti-correlated genetic constructs. These genetic factors may further affect people’s lifestyle habits and body/blood fat levels through the mediation of cereal/coffee intake, and the brain-wide expression pattern of gene CPLX3, a dedicated marker of subplate neurons that regulate cortical development and plasticity, may underlie the shared GMV-association patterns among the coffee/cereal intake and cognitive functions. Interpretation: Our findings thus revealed that high-cereal and low-coffee diets shared similar brain and genetic constructs, leading to long-term beneficial associations regarding cognitive, BMI and other metabolic measures. This study has important implications for public health, especially during the pandemic, given the poorer outcomes of COVID-19 patients with greater BMIs. Funding Statement: This work received support from the following sources: the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1312900 and 2019YFA0709502), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91630314 and 81801773), the 111 Project (B18015), The Key Project of Shanghai Science &Technology Innovation Plan(16JC1420402), the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX01) and Zhangjiang Lab. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: All participants provided written informed consent to UK Biobank. The UK Biobank study received ethical approval from the NHS National Research Ethics Service North West (reference number: 16/NW/0274). Data access permission was granted under UKB application 19542 (PI Jianfeng Feng).

Background. This study is aimed at investigating the repairing effect of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes from different sources on ovarian granulosa cells damaged by chemotherapy drugs—phosphoramide mustard (PM). Methods. In this study, we choose bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and human placental mesenchymal stem cells (HPMSCs) for research. Then, they were cocultured with human ovarian granulosa cells (SVOG) injured by phosphoramide mustard (PM), respectively. β-Galactosidase staining, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the senescence and apoptosis of SVOG cells before and after their coculture with the above two types of MSCs. Subsequently, exosomes from these two types of MSCs were extracted and added to the culture medium of SVOG cells after PM injury to test whether these two types of exosomes played a role similar to that of MSCs in repairing damaged SVOG cells. Results. PM treatment-induced apoptotic SVOG cells were significantly decreased after HPMSCs and BMSCs as compared with control group. After coculturing with these two types of MSCs, PM-treated SVOG cells showed significantly reduced senescence and apoptosis proportions as well as cleaved-Caspase 3 expression, and HPMSCs played a slightly stronger role than BMSCs in repairing SVOG cells in terms of the above three indicators. In addition, the ratios of senescent and apoptotic SVOG cells were also significantly reduced by the two types of exosomes, which played a role similar to that of MSCs in repairing cell damages. Conclusions. The results indicated that BMSCs, HPMSCs, and their exosomes all exerted a certain repair effect on SVOG cells damaged by PM, and consistent repair effect was observed between exosomes and MSCs. The repair effect of exosomes secreted from BMSCs and HPMSCs on the SVOG cells was studied for the first time, and the results fully demonstrated that exosomes are the key carriers for MSCs to play their role.

Macrophages are sentinels of the immune system, which are often hijacked by tumor cells to assist tumor growth and metastasis. Herein our results showed that low dose salinomycin (SAL) in the range of 10-50 nM could efficiently induce M1 macrophage polarization in a dose- and time- dependent manner in vitro, with 30 nM SAL being optimal to generate M1-type macrophages from RAW246.7 cells. In animal study, intratumorally injected SAL (50 µg/kg) increased proportion of CD86 cells (by 28.9%), and decreased CD206 cells (by 14.2%) in transplant 4T1 tumors, in comparison with PBS group. Thus it resulted in significant regression in tumor growth (20% tumor inhibition) and pulmonary metastasis (reduced the number of metastatic nodes by 58%) in SAL group, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and paclitaxel (PTX) groups showed comparable number of metastatic lesions and volume of tumor. LPS treatment could as well lead to inflammatory reactions in tumor with SAL group, but resulted in systemic inflammation (elevated levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum), and PTX (10 μg/kg) treatment increased both types of macrophages. For the first time, we employed salinomycin below the dose of direct antitumor activity could effectively prime M1 type macrophage stimulation and regress tumor growth and metastasis.

Smart city is an important strategy for new urbanization and informatization. It has become an urgent agenda to build a complete evaluation system and realistic construction goals of a smart city. We researched relevant literatures about smart cities and summarized the research results of smart city evaluation system, which forms the theoretical basis of this study. To verify the importance of creating an evaluation system, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) is used. We analyzed the smart city evaluation system with consensus results of experts and scholars are obtained. The results can be used as an important reference for the smart city governance in the era of artificial intelligence (AI).

JSON is a very popular data format in many applications in Web and enterprise. Recently, many data analytical systems support the loading and querying JSON data. However, JSON parsing can be costly, which dominates the execution time of querying JSON data. Many previous studies focus on building efficient parsers to reduce this parsing cost, and little work has been done on how to reduce the occurrences of parsing. In this paper, we start with a study with a real production workload in Alibaba, which consists of over 3 million queries on JSON. Our study reveals significant temporal and spatial correlations among those queries, which result in massive redundant parsing operations among queries. Instead of repetitively parsing the JSON data, we propose to develop a cache system named Maxson for caching the JSON query results (the values evaluated from JSONPath) for reuse. Specifically, we develop effective machine learning-based predictor with combining LSTM (long shortterm memory) and CRF (conditional random field) to determine the JSONPaths to cache given the space budget. We have implemented Maxson on top of SparkSQL. We experimentally evaluate Maxson and show that 1) Maxson is able to eliminate the most of duplicate JSON parsing overhead, 2) Maxson improves end-to-end workload performance by 1.5–6.5×.

BACKGROUND Pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has become the gold standard for patients with end-stage liver disease. With improvements in organ preservation, immunosuppression, surgical and anesthesia techniques, the survival rates and long-term outcomes of patients after LDLT have significantly improved worldwide. However, data on anesthetic management and postoperative survival rate of pediatric LDLT in China are rare. AIM To review the status of pediatric LDLT in Shanghai and investigate the factors related to anesthetic management and survival rate in pediatric LDLT. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the status of pediatric LDLT in Shanghai by reviewing 544 records of patients who underwent pediatric LDLT since the first operation on October 21, 2006 until August 10, 2016 at Renji Hospital and Huashan Hospital. RESULTS The 30-d, 90-d, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates were 95.22%, 93.38%, 91.36%, and 89.34%, respectively. The 2-year patient survival rate after January 1, 2011 significantly improved compared with the previous period (74.47% vs 90.74%; hazard ratio: 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.16–14.14; P = 0.0004). Median duration of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 18 h [interquartile range (IQR), 15.25–20.25], median ICU length of stay was 6 d (IQR: 4.80–9.00), and median postoperative length of stay was 24 d (IQR: 18.00–34.00). Forty-seven (8.60%) of 544 patients did not receive red blood cell transfusion during the operation. CONCLUSION Pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score, anesthesia duration, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, and ICU length of stay were independent predictive factors of in-hospital patient survival. Pediatric end-stage liver disease score, operation duration, and ICU length of stay were independent predictive factors of 1-year and 3-year patient survival.

For many children with intrahepatic cholestasis and high-serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, a genetic aetiology of hepatobiliary disease remains undefined. We sought to identify novel genes mutated in children with idiopathic high-GGT intrahepatic cholestasis, with clinical, histopathological and functional correlations.We assembled a cohort of 25 children with undiagnosed high-GGT cholestasis and without clinical features of biliary-tract infection or radiological features of choledochal malformation, sclerosing cholangitis or cholelithiasis. Mutations were identified through whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing. We reviewed histopathological findings and assessed phenotypical effects of ZFYVE19 deficiency in cultured cells by immunofluorescence microscopy.Nine Han Chinese children harboured biallelic, predictedly complete loss-of-function pathogenic mutations inBiallelic

Glycosylation modification fulfils an important role in increasing the stability and solubility of anthocyanin in plants. In our paper, two genes encoding anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase, designated as Fh5GT1 and Fh5GT2, were isolated from flowers of Freesia hybrida and then functionally characterized. Sequence alignment revealed that the coding regions of Fh5GTs were highly homologous with 5GTs from other plant species and had typical conserved amino acid residues that are crucial for 5GT enzyme activity. Subsequently, subcellular location analysis showed that these two proteins were both localized in the nucleus as well as cytoplasm. Fh5GTs transcripts were detected in various tissues of F. hybrida and were highest expressed in petals. Throughout the development of flowers, Fh5GT1 and Fh5GT2 showed significantly higher transcript levels at the last stage when petals were fully pigmented, and this expression patterns corresponded to the accumulation of anthocyanin in F. hybrida. Additionally, the in vivo function of Fh5GT1 and Fh5GT2 was investigated by their overexpression in Arabidopsis mutant and tobacco plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings expressing Fh5GTs regained red color pigmentation of the cotyledon and hypocotyl as well as anthocyanin 5-O-glycosides, indicating that Fh5GT1 and Fh5GT2 encoded functional 5GT protein for anthocyanin biosynthesis. When comparing with the wild-type plants, transgenic tobacco overexpressing Fh5GT1 and Fh5GT2 also showed enhanced red color pigmentation. Overall, our results not only demonstrate Fh5GT1 and Fh5GT2 may perform crucial roles in the glycosylation of anthocyanin in F. hybrida but also will aid attempts to manipulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in other plants.

Nucleoside phosphonates are isosteric, isopolar, and isoelectronic with phosphates. Nucleoside phosphonates can undergo enzymatic phosphorylation for conversion into the corresponding diphosphoryl phosphonates, which are naturally occurring nucleoside triphosphate analogues. The biological activity, which is mostly antiviral and antitumor but sometimes is as specific enzyme inhibitor, is briefly presented to help discover compounds with increased activity over natural nucleosides to provide structure-activity data. This review focuses on the synthesis of three types of cyclic 5'-nucleoside phosphonate analogues: (1) furanose 5'-nornucleoside phosphonates, (2) carbocyclic 5'-nornucleoside phosphonates, and (3) apiose 5'-nornucleoside phosphonates.

An efficient RhIII -catalyzed direct C2-alkenylation of indoles using readily available potassium vinyltrifluoroborate under mild conditions has been developed. This protocol features wide substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility, enabling a facile access to diverse terminal vinylindoles in moderate to good yields. Furthermore, the C2-alkenylated indole can be easily transformed into 9H-carbazole through a ring-closing metathesis/aromatization cascade.

A lignite graft polycondensate having water retention and dispersion properties in a water-bentonite slurry was synthesized by grafting sulfomethyl phenol-aldehyde resin (SMP) onto a humic acid (main component of lignite) scaffold through aqueous condensation polymerization. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopic analysis and measurement of the molecular weight of the polycondensate confirmed successful grafting of the SMP. The resulting lignite graft polycondensate used as a drilling fluid controlled the fluid volume and exhibited rheological stability at aging temperatures as high as 200 °C. The properties of the polycondensate distinguish it from most of the high-temperature fluid-loss additives, which make the slurries excessively viscous. The colloidal properties of the water-bentonite slurry were investigated by adsorption and zeta potential experiments, and a possible mechanism was proposed.

Flexible films of N-doped porous iron oxides/lignin-based carbon nanofibers (CNF@Fe-N) were fabricated and employed for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. The CNF@Fe-N films were synthesized through a simple and effective method, which was carried out by an electrospinning technique from lignin/Hemin mixed solution and followed by carbonization. In situ growth of iron oxides on the surface and interior of carbon nanofibers contribute to enhancing the capacitive performance through inducing pseudocapacitance. In the unique structure, the fibrous network structure with rich micropores provides plenty of channels for transportation and penetration of electrolyte ions. The obtained CNF@Fe-N binder-free electrode exhibits a high gravimetric capacitance of 148. 1 F g−1 and high energy density of 12.28 W h L-1 at 0.5 A g−1, as well as an excellent cycling stability with 92.8% capacitance retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. The material also presents an outstanding flexibility and folding resistance. The low-cost and renewable sources, easy preparation and remarkable supercapacitive property render CNF@Fe-N a promising candidate in energy storage applications.

The solubility of pyrazinamide in ten solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, acetone, acetonitrile and ethyl acetate) at temperatures ranging from (278.15 to 323.15) K was determined by using the gravimetric method. The experimental results indicated that in different solvents, the solubility of pyrazinamide was temperature dependent and increased with the increasing temperature. Besides, the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, Wilson model and NRTL model were employed to correlate the solubility data in the solvents. The results show that the correlated data are in good agreement with the experimental solubility. Furthermore, the mixing thermodynamic properties of pyrazinamide in different solvents were calculated based on the Wilson model. The outcome indicates that the mixing process of pyrazinamide is endothermic.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer of the head and neck. Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid. The present study was designed to explore the effects of BA on OSCC KB cell proliferation in vitro and on implanted tumor growth in vivo and to examine the possible molecular mechanisms. The results showed that BA dose-dependently inhibited KB cell proliferation and decreased implanted tumor volume. In addition, BA significantly promoted mitochondrial apoptosis, as reflected by an increase in TUNEL+ cells and the activities of caspases 3 and 9, an increase in Bax expression, and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. BA significantly increased cell population in the G0/G1 phase and decreases the S phase cell number, indicating the occurrence of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. ROS generation was significantly increased by BA, and antioxidant NAC treatment markedly inhibited the effect of BA on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and proliferation. BA dose-dependently increased p53 expression in KB cells and implanted tumors. p53 reporter gene activity and p53 binding in the promoters of Bax were significantly increased by BA. Knockdown of p53 blocked BA-induced increase in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell proliferation. NAC treatment suppressed BA-induced increase in p53 expression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was increased by BA. Taken together, the data demonstrated that ROSp53 signaling was crucial for BA-exhibited antitumor effect in OSCC. BA may serve as a potential drug for the treatment of oral cancer.

To investigate whether laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriomas pretreated with operation by gynecologists or reproductive surgeons exerts different effects on in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection results. Retrospective case control study. Relevant information was collected from the electronic records of women who underwent IVF/ICSI from 01/01/2013 to 30/12/2015 in our unit. The study group consisted of 35 women who previously had laparoscopic endometrioma excision by reproductive surgeons in our unit; the control group included 36 patients who underwent surgery for endometriomas by gynecologists in our hospital. There were slightly higher numbers of AFC and higher pregnancy rate in the study group, although differences did not reach statistical significance. For patients over 35 years old, there were more oocyte retrieved, mature oocytes and two pronucei (2PN) in the study group than the control group although observed differences did not reach statistical significance. Electrocautery is more deleterious on ovarian reserve than hemostatic suture. In procedure of patients who wish to conceive, surgeons should use hemostatic suturing technique preferentially.

Background: At present, a diagnostic tool with high specificity for impaired endometrial receptivity, which may lead to implantation failure, remains to be developed. We aimed to assess the different endometrial microRNA (miRNA) signatures for impaired endometrial receptivity by microarray analysis. Methods: A total of 12 repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients and 10 infertile patients, who conceived and delivered after one embryo transfer attempt, were recruited as RIF and control groups, respectively. Endometrial specimens from the window of implantation (WOI) were collected from these two groups. MiRNA microarray was conducted on seven and five samples from the RIF and control groups, respectively. Comparative, functional, and network analyses were performed for the microarray results. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on other samples to validate the expression of specific miRNAs. Results: Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of 105 miRNAs in the RIF group were found to be significantly up- or down-regulated (at least 2-fold) by microarray analysis. The most relevant miRNA functional sets of these dysregulated miRNAs were miR-30 family, human embryonic stem cell regulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and miRNA tumor suppressors by tool for annotations of microRNA analysis. Network regulatory analysis found 176 miRNA-mRNA interactions, and the top 3 core miRNAs were has-miR-4668-5p, has-miR-429, and has-miR-5088. Expression levels of the 18 selected miRNAs in new samples by real-time PCR were found to be regulated with the same trend, as the result of microarray analysis. Conclusions: There is a significant different expression of certain miRNAs in the WOI endometrium for RIF patients. These miRNAs may contribute to impaired endometrial receptivity.

The solubility of Avermectin B1a (AVM B1a) in the three binary solvent mixtures, (acetone + water), (acetone + n-hexane) and (isopropanol + n-hexane) was determined gravimetrically with the temperature ranging from 283.15 K to 313.15 K under atmospheric conditions. The experimental results indicate that the solubility of AVM B1a increased with increasing temperature at certain solvent composition, and decreased with increasing mole fraction of water and n-hexane. Besides, the modified Apelblat equation, CNIBS/R-K model and Jouyban-Acree model were employed to correlate the solubility results obtained. All the selected models provide satisfactory results. Furthermore, the mixing thermodynamic properties were calculated based on the NRTL equation, a binary activity coefficient model. We also calculated the thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process of AVM B1a. The calculated results indicate that the dissolution process of AVM B1a in the tested solvents is endothermic and spontaneous.

Overexpression of receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) promotes neuronal differentiation of N2a cells via extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. However, involvement of RIP140 in human neural differentiation remains unclear. We found both RIP140 and ERK1/2 expression increased during neural differentiation of H1 human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, RIP140 negatively correlated with stem cell markers Oct4 and Sox2 during early stages of neural differentiation, and positively correlated with the neural stem cell marker Nestin during later stages. Thus, ERK1/2 signaling may provide the molecular mechanism by which RIP140 takes part in neural differentiation to eventually affect the number of neurons produced.