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With the continuous development and wide application of multivariate statistical analysis methods, more and more spectral pre-processing and modeling methods are used to analyze the spectral data in order to establish high-precision hyperspectral prediction models. This study selected soil samples from National Long-term (more than 20 years) Monitoring Station of Fluvo-aquic Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects. The soil can represent Huang-Huai-Hai Fluvo-aquic soil type and fertilization models. A total of 83 soil samples were collected from the depth of 0-20 cm from treatments with different ratio of fertilization. Reflectance measurements from 350 nm to 2 500 nm were obtained using FieldSpec 3 Hi Spectroradiometer (Analytical Spectral Devices Inc.) in laboratory after soils were air-dried and sieved (0.18 mm). Twenty five pre-processing methods including 15 single pre-processing methods (standard normal variate transformation?normalization? multiple scatter correction?derivative method with different smoothing points and operational parameters) and 10 pre-processing methods adding operations of spectral data and three multivariate techniques (stepwise multiple linear regression, SMLR,partial least-squares regression, PLSR,support vector machine regression, SVMR) were compared with the aim of identifying the best combination to predict fluvo-aquic soil organic matter content. The coefficient of determination?the root mean square error (RMSEv) and relative prediction deviation (RPD) of validation set were used to evaluate the models. The result showed that the best multivariate technique was PLSR, which associated with variety pre-processing methods could resulted in high accuracy and reliability of models. The averaged coefficient of determination?RMSEv and RPD of 25 prediction methods were 0.913?1.264 g/kg and 3.299 respectively. The optimal pre-processing method varied with the multivariate technique used. Compared with the single pre-processing methods, pre-processing methods add operations were better for data preparation among the 3 multivariate techniques, of which average coefficient of determination was higher 0.049?0.033and 0.071 than the single ones, respectively, and the average RPD was higher 0.530?0.307 and 1.144 than the single ones, respectively, but the average RMSEv lower 0.318?0.204 and 0.528 g/kg than the single ones , respectively. The optimal pre-processing method was multiple scatter correction added Savitzky-Golay 1st derivative with a search window of 5 measurements(MSC-SGF5-2) since it performed best among the 3 multivariate techniques, with the average coefficient of determination=0.934, RMSEv=1.17 g/kg and RPD=3.59. This pre-processing method probably can be used as a common spectral data preparation method for fluvo-aquic soil organic matter content prediction model. Among the tested models,the best prediction model for fluvo-aquic soil organic matter was PLSR multivariate techniques associated with normalization by the maximum value pre-processing method (coefficient of determination=0.948, RMSEv=0.972 g/kg, RPD=4.276), and it has high accuracy, reliability and was easy to operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Since 1999, China has undergone reform of its healthcare system. City-based social health insurance (SHI) is the primary form of current health insurance, supplemented by various commercial health insurance programs. The rural new cooperative medical system (NCMS) was introduced in 1993 and extended to cover the whole of rural China in 2003. Design/methodology/approach – The paper developed a theoretical model for consumer demand of medical services and health insurance based on an expected utility framework with a two-stage decision under uncertainty. The model is then applied to current health insurance systems in China for urban citizens and rural residents separately. Least square and logistic regressions are employed. Findings – The major results are that although the factors driving the decisions on health insurance participation are basically the same for rural and urban citizens, the participation levels are quite different. The major difference is that urban SHI has higher coverage and urban citizens have higher income, resulting in a much larger urban medical expenditure. Practical implications – The empirical analysis reveals that health insurance programs have played an important role in the healthcare expenditure for urban residents, while the NCMS has not made a significant impact towards increasing the ability of rural residents to seek more medical services, based on data at 2004. Originality/value – This is the first paper employing a health production theory on China's new urban and rural healthcare programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Successful nitrogen (N) management requires better synchronization between crop N demand and N supply from all sources throughout crop growing season. An in-season N management strategy based on soil Nmin test had been developed under experimental conditions, and more than half-N fertilizer could be saved without grain yield losses, compared with farmer''s N management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate this in-season N management strategy for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different farmers’ fields of North China Plain (NCP). A total of 121 on-farm N-response experiments (check with no N fertilizer, in-season N management based on soil Nmin test, and farmer''s practice) were conducted in seven key winter wheat production regions of NCP from 2003 to 2005. The average N rate determined with in-season N management strategy (128kgNha−1) was significantly lower than farmer''s practice (325kgNha−1) without wheat grain yield losses. As a result, in-season N management strategy significantly increased economic gains by $144ha−1, reduced residual nitrate-N content in the top 90cm soil layer and N losses by 81 and 118kgNha−1, respectively (P <0.05). Recovery N efficiency (REN), agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) and N partial factor productivity (PFPN) were significantly improved to 44%, 11 and 56kgkg−1, respectively, compared with farmer''s N practice (REN, 18%; AEN, 3kgkg−1; PFPN, 20kgkg−1). Effective use of soil N supply and better synchronization between crop N demand and supply were main reasons for the increased N use efficiency. We conclude that the in-season N management strategy based on soil Nmin test can be applied for winter wheat production in NCP for improved N use efficiency and reduced environmental contamination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) commonly occurs in overweight or obese individuals, it is increasingly being identified in the lean population. The association between lean and an increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with NAFLD remains controversial. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate this association and compare the long-term outcomes of lean NAFLD patients and non-lean NAFLD patients., Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) from inception to October 15, 2021, for relevant original research articles without any language restrictions. Our primary outcome was to compare the all-cause mortality in lean NAFLD patients and non-lean NAFLD patients by qualitative synthesis. Relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I-squared (I²) statistics while publication bias was determined using Egger's tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. As for secondary outcomes, we estimated total, cardiovascular, and liver-related mortality, as well as the incidence of diabetes, hypertension, cirrhosis, and cancer in lean and non-lean individuals with NAFLD by quantitative synthesis. Person-years of follow-up were used as the denominator to estimate the mortality and incidence., Results: We identified 12 studies (n = 26,329), 7 of which (n = 7924) were used to evaluate the risk of all-cause mortality between lean and non-lean NAFLD patients. Lean patients with NAFLD were found to be at an elevated risk of death compared to non-lean patients (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.08-1.82, heterogeneity: I² = 43%). Among the lean NAFLD population, all-cause mortality was 13.3 (95% CI: 6.7-26.1) per 1000 person-years, 3.6 (95% CI: 1.0-11.7) for liver-related mortality, and 7.7 (95% CI: 6.4-9.2) for cardiovascular-related mortality. The incidence of new-onset diabetes was 13.7 (95% CI 8·2-22.7) per 1000 person-years, new-onset hypertension was 56.1 (95% CI: 40.2-77.9), cirrhosis was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.0-5.0), and cancer was 25.7 (95% CI: 20.3-32.4)., Conclusions: Lean patients with NAFLD had a higher risk of all-cause death than non-lean patients. Body mass index (BMI) should not be used as a criterion to determine whether further observation and therapy of patients with NAFLD are warranted., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

To compare outcomes of type II phalangeal neck fractures in children who received closed reduction followed by splinting immobilization or by K-wire fixation. Furthermore, we analyzed the remodeling potential of residual deformities and the relationship between age and outcomes. Patients in Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Xiamen Hospital were included in the study from October 2015 to October 2018. We compared outcomes between the conservation group and operation group. Remodeling of residual deformities was calculated on a series of anteroposterior and lateral radiography. The correlation between age and outcomes was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Forty patients (25 males) were enrolled. Nineteen patients had subtype IIa, 19 subtype IIb, and two subtype IIc fractures. Left hands were affected more than right hands, and small finger and proximal phalanx were more frequently involved. There were no significant differences between conservation group and operation group among excellent, good, and fair outcomes. And the outcomes were not significantly different between the IIa and IIb subtypes. An average sagittal remodeling rate was 88.5%, and coronal remodeling rate was 56.71%, respectively, in 13 patients with residual deformities. There was a significant correlation between age and final outcomes. Closed reduction and stable splint fixation may be an effective and economical initial treatment option. Fracture subtype does not seem to be a key factor for choosing treatment options. The fractured phalangeal neck had remodeling potential whether on sagittal or coronal plane. Younger age might be a predictor of better outcomes in children with type II phalanx neck fractures., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Substantial morbidity and mortality are associated with postcardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI). MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are essential regulators of neuronal metabolism processes and have been shown to contribute to alleviated neurological injury after cardiac arrest. In this study, we identified miRNAs related to the prognosis of patients with neurological dysfunction after cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we explored the effects of miR-483-5p on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and oxidative stress levels after ischemia‒reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. MiR-483-5p was downregulated in PC12 cells and hippocampal samples compared with that in normal group cells and hippocampi. Overexpression of miR-483-5p increased the viability of PC12 cells after ischemia‒reperfusion injury and reduced the proportion of dead cells. A western blot analysis showed that miR-483-5p increased the protein expression of PCG-1, NRF1, and TFAM and reduced the protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3, inhibiting the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and alleviating oxidative stress injury by inhibiting the production of ROS and reducing MDA activity. We confirmed that miR-483-5p targeted TNFSF8 to regulate the AMPK/JNK pathway, thereby playing a neuroprotective role after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Hence, this study provides further insights into strategies for inhibiting neurological impairment after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and suggests a potential therapeutic target for PCABI., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are proved tobe deregulated in a number of cancers and play important roles in tumor biology. Colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) was initially found in colon cancer and promoted cancer cell development. However, the role of CCAT1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that CCAT1 expression was upregulated in the LSCC tissues compared with the normal adjacent tissues. Moreover, CCAT1 expression was higher in LSCC tissues thanin adjacent normal tissues in 70% of patients. In addition, higher expression of CCAT1 was correlated with T3-4 grade and advanced clinical stage. Overexpression of CCAT1 promoted Hep-2 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of CCAT1 suppressed E-cadherin expression while enhanced the expressionof N-cadherin and Vimentin. Furthermore, CCAT1 overexpression increased Hep-2 cell colony formation and cell cycle. We also demonstrated that CCAT1 overexpression suppressed the expression of let-7 and enhanced the expression of HMGA2 and Myc, the direct target genes of let-7. To conclude, our data demonstrated that CCAT1 played an oncogenic role in the development of LSCC.