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Research summaryOptimal distinctiveness theory highlights that firms need to balance opposing pressures for differentiation (to gain competitive benefits) and conformity (to gain legitimacy). Yet, extant optimal distinctiveness research rarely considers that the pressure for conformity can substantially vary between competing firms. Studying the positioning and growth performance of competing platforms in the market for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), we find that platforms’ access to high‐status complementors – a common source of legitimacy in platform markets – substantially shapes the relationship between platforms’ distinctiveness and user growth. Our longitudinal models show that platforms only benefit from a (moderately) distinctive positioning once they have buffered a certain amount of legitimacy. Our findings strongly suggest that firms can alleviate conformity pressures by accessing alternative sources of legitimacy.Managerial summaryWhen does differentiation pay off? We study this question in the increasingly important context of platform markets to explain differences in platforms’ user growth. Our longitudinal study of competition in the market for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) – in which platforms like Coursera and Udacity compete for online learners as users – shows that the performance implications of a distinctive positioning substantially depend on the legitimacy that a platform has gained from attracting high‐status organizations as complementors. Platforms only benefit from differentiation once they surpass a certain legitimacy threshold, and the legitimacy they gain beyond this threshold accelerates the benefits of a (moderately) distinctive positioning.

© 2021 by the Association for Information Systems.This report documents the outcomes of a professional development workshop (PDW) held at the 40th International Conference on Information Systems in Munich, Germany. The workshop focused on identifying how information systems (IS) researchers can contribute to enriching our knowledge about digital entrepreneurship—that is, the point at which digital technologies and entrepreneurship intersect. The PDW assembled numerous IS researchers working on different aspects of digital entrepreneurship. Jointly, we delineated digital entrepreneurship from related phenomena and conceptualized the different roles that digital technologies can have in entrepreneurial endeavors. We also identified relevant strategies, opportunities, and challenges in conducting digital entrepreneurship research. This report summarizes the shared views that emerged from the interactions at the PDW and our collaborative effort to write this report. The report provides IS researchers interested in digital entrepreneurship with food for thought and a foundation for future research.

Integrated marketing communications (IMC) are a core part of business success in the 21st century, but are facing exceptional challenges, some of which predate the devastation wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic. The various stages of IMC offer rich potential to enhance marketing techniques, harness the power of data analytics and build brand success. However, while most firms would claim to be deploying IMC, many are offering little more than sales-orientated mass marketing, having failed to move beyond the most basic form of its operation (Stage 1). Amid shrinking economies and slashed marketing budgets, even the minority of firms that has moved into Stage 2 (targeted marketing exchanges), Stage 3 (the application of information technology), Stage 4 (information-led communication planning), or even the putative Stage 5 (fully integrated marketing) now risk reverting to Stage 1. It is therefore critically important to develop an advanced understanding of IMC and its potential. Equally significant is the need to address the global trend towards focusing on attracting customers while neglecting post-purchase experience. A twin approach of successfully harnessing all the stages of IMC while also paying full attention to customer retention will maximise the chances of building brand success in the current challenging climate.

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International audience; The PACTE law of 22 May 2019 is intended to direct savings towards productive long-term investments by promoting the growth of retirement savings. At the same time, it aspires to shift the dividing line between distribution and capitalization. This raises two questions: the impact of capitalization on growth, and the dynamics that characterize risky assets. This article focuses on the measurement of risk associated with the use of capital income to finance pensions, and it examines the key question of the utility that agents might derive from their contributions to the savings fund. The results of simulations carried out in the French demo-economic framework show that if the price of risky assets follows a random path (EMH), risk-averse agents will not be able to obtain a risk-return trade-off on the markets equivalent to that implicitly provided by the pay-as-you-go system. On the other hand, if stock market shocks are transitory in nature, then the financial market could compete with pay-as-you-go schemes at the cost of massive investment in risky assets at the beginning and middle of working life.; La loi PACTE du 22 mai 2019 vise à orienter l’épargne vers des placements longs productifs en favorisant l’essor de l’épargne retraite. Elle aspire conjointement à modifier la ligne de partage entre répartition et capitalisation. Cette disposition pose deux questions. Celle de l’impact de la capitalisation sur la croissance et celle de la dynamique que l’on prête aux actifs risqués. Cet article est centré sur la mesure du risque associée à l’utilisation des revenus du capital pour financer les retraites et examine la question centrale de l’utilité que les agents peuvent retirer de leur abondement au fonds d’épargne. Les résultats des simulations réalisées dans le cadre démo-économique français montrent que si le prix des actifs risqués suit une marche aléatoire (EMH), les agents averses au risque ne pourront pas obtenir sur les marchés un ratio « rendement/risque » équivalent à celui procuré implicitement par l’édifice des régimes par répartition. En revanche si les chocs sur les marchés boursiers ont un caractère transitoire, alors le marché financier pourrait concurrencer les régimes par répartition au prix d’un investissement massif en actifs risqués en début et milieu de vie active.

International audience; The long-term efficiency of transport operator profit and the benefits for passengers conduce to opposite results. Actually, intervention by previous decision-makers to pursue one of the two goals generate opposite results on the other, forcing decision-makers to a difficult trade-off. The aim of this work is to provide a model that analyses, in an integrated perspective, operation and Service Policies (SPs), making an appropriate synthesis on both policies. This work proposes a cost-model formulation to optimize the merged operation and SPs to improve the current exploitation strategies according the service and maintenance activities. The proposed work is based on the following approaches : (i) a numerical model for the operation policy to determine the profit value of different working periods ; (ii) a stochastic process for the passenger flow that considers the uncertainty of passenger travel to compute the benefits according to their travel time ; and (iii) a cost-based optimization to bring together the operation and SPs. Finally, the proposed optimization model is applied to a massive urban ropeway operation of a public transportation system, in which the current SPs has been evaluated, considering the established transportation operation.

International audience; This article explores young women’s engagements with gendered power relations embedded in advertising. Drawing on four case studies, we demonstrate how their readings of gendered ads are informed by postfeminist discourse, which, for all its contradictions, presents gender inequality as a thing of the past. Specifically, we illustrate and theorize the problematic workings of a postfeminist gaze directed at both models in ads and young women as readers of ads, with judgements shaped by postfeminist ideals and blind spots concerning intersections of gender, class, and race. We contribute to macromarketing scholarship by (1) illustrating how, in the context of gendered ads and young American women, gendered power relations and a postfeminist sensibility are both produced by and productive of gendered readers; and (2) highlighting the insidious nature and limitations of this sensibility informing young women’s lived experiences, engagements with media culture, and position in society.

International audience; We build a “smooth” automatic balancing mecanism (S-ABM) which would result from an optimal tradeoff between increasing the receipts and reducing the expenditures of a pension scheme. The S-ABM obtains from minimizing a sum of discounted quadratic loss function under the constraint of an intertemporal budget balance. One advantage of this model of “optimal” adjustment is its ability to analyse various configurations in terms of ABMs by controlling the adjustment pace. Notably, this S-ABM permits to specify two particular cases we respectively denote “flat Swedish-type ABM” and “fiscal-cliff US-type ABM”. They are obtained by assuming very high adjustment costs on revenue (implying only pension benefit adjustment) and by choosing specific sequences of social time preference rate. We apply this ABM to the case of the United States Social Security to evaluate the potential adjustments necessary to ensure financial sustainability. These assessments are made under various assumptions about forecast time horizon, social time preference and weighting of social costs associated with increased receipts and/or lower expenditures.

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International audience; Extant literature on target-setting indicates that responding to achievability-related criticisms towards ex ante targets through repair actions are of significance in restoring fairness and maintaining the legitimacy of performance systems. By drawing on empirical materials on responses to unfairness criticisms raised against target-setting practices in a bank, the study shows that such legitimation work also requires responding to equity-related criticisms. Equity implies that, when situations differ, targets must be differentiated to make the intensity of efforts the same. This study shows that legitimately differentiating targets requires an original and highly complex commensuration work. This work is original because compared to prior commensuration studies it concerns the commensuration of efforts and not of entities. This work is complex because it is difficult to account for all differences during target-setting and because such differentiation can be made mechanically and discretionally, each form of differentiation bringing its own source of illegitimacy. Moreover, it is also complex because it is a distributed work, involving numerous actors with multiple concerns. Such commensuration work then appears to be continuous and dynamic. This complements prior studies in target-setting, which have focussed mainly on dyadic relations between a superior and a subordinate and on single-period adjustments to targets.

Some time ago, Fukuyama (1992) argued that, in the future the political systems would converge towards the model of so-called liberal democracies, namely liberal policies in the US sense of equality and minority rights, with hence an important Human Rights agenda. Incidentally, it is interesting to highlight that implicitly Fukuyama (1992) presumed that there is a logic in historical development, an assumption that is not very scientific as pointed out by Popper (1945, 1959) and Vienna-circle thinkers. There is probably no need to convince the reader that the geopolitical tensions over the last ten years seem to contradict Fukuyama’s prediction. In this respect, Fukuyama (2014) himself revised his analysis.

International audience; This paper clarifies the difficulties associated with green credit implementation by investigating 240 Chinese bank managers. We identify nine industry and organisational barriers. Our results provide evidence that different perceptions exist among managers of Chinese banks with different ownership structures and market shares. Due to their size, rural commercial banks suffer from higher organisational barriers than joint-stock commercial banks or state-controlled commercial banks. The training of employees and implementation costs of green credit also explain differences among Chinese bank managers’ perceptions. The findings provide important insight into promoting green credit implementation, particularly in identifying the challenges banks currently face according to their different ownership structures.

International audience; The organization of France’s pension schemes could be significantly transformed starting in 2022 with the gradual introduction of a system of universal pension points, without altering the current pay-as-you-go financing. This systemic reform, which was initially approved by the National Assembly on 5 March 2020 after the government invoked Article 49.3 [which strengthens the government’s power to compel adoption of legislation], was subsequently suspended by President Macron on 16 March 2020 due to the Covid-19 crisis. As a result, the future of this key reform of Macron’s five-year mandate is uncertain. The issue of pensions has nevertheless been placed at the heart of the country’s public debate.

International audience; Tino Sehgal occupied the Palais de Tokyo with bodies of performers moving in the museum space, creating "situations." We interpret this from the perspective of "spacing" proposed by Beyes and Steyaert: a processual and minority construction of space. The approach is situated in the turn to affects that allows exposure as openly as possible to the aesthetic experience and triangulates between the performer's position and the spectator's. Performing spacing appears first and foremost as a paradox: how to produce what escapes major production? We then analyze how spacing is produced by means of a limited number of rules, which nevertheless leave some scope to the spontaneous. For performance purposes, a certain degree of policing (Rancière) seemed necessary and kept unchanged part of the distribution of the sensible. Beyond this political aspect, by turning to two sentences by Arendt and Heidegger sung by the performers, we wonder whether the digital age, in its liquid transience and ephemeral connectivities-as well as spacing-can provide a place to settle. We conclude with a reflection on the possibility of representing, performing, and writing about spacing as organizing.

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International audience; Grâce à l'analyse des risques majeurs en milieu souterrain, divers scénarios sont envisagés dans l'optique de développer un logiciel de formation en réalité virtuelle. Destiné aux professionnels du métier, il a pour objectif d'améliorer la gestion des risques miniers en garantissant la sécurité.

International audience; Avec le réchauffement climatique et la montée des eaux, de nombreuses villes côtières vont se retrouver submergés. Pour pallier ce problème, des projets de villes flottantes, construite entièrement sur l’eau se développent. Cet article vise à réaliser une analyse de risque sur ces villes, dans le but de proposer une gestion de risque et de rendre le projet viable.

Purpose This paper aims to study the citations made in service failure literature and assesses the knowledge construction of this region of exploration to date. Design/methodology/approach The bibliometric investigation assesses 416 service failure articles in business associated research. Multidimensional scaling is used to uncover the scope of the scholarly impacts that have helped understand the nature of the service failure literature. The establishment of knowledge in the service failure literature is revealed by analysing co-citation data to identify significant topical impacts. Findings The theoretical model combines five areas with significant propositions for the future improvement of service failure as an area of investigation. The most important research themes in service failure literature are service failure, service failure communication, recovery process, recovery offer and intention. Research limitations/implications Potential research concentrating on the service failure literature could use search terms improved from the literature review, or use a comparable approach whereby a board of well-informed scholars approved the key words used. Practical implications This paper is beneficial for any reader who is interested in understanding the components of the perception of justice and recovery and how it improves repurchase intention. Originality/value The study seeks to influence resource and recovery-based concepts and utilises the five supporting knowledge groups to suggest a plan for future research that fills existing gaps and offers the possibility of expanding and enhancing the service failure literature.

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International audience; Noninterest income is widely used in the literature to account for the degree of the universal business model by banks. This paper proposes a novel measure of universal banking constructed using the relative contribution of each operating segment to total assets using an entropy approach. We here propose a novel dataset containing the Universal Banking Index (UBI) at both country and bank levels. Using a sample of international banks, we evaluate the extent to which our proposed metric affects banks’ profitability, stability, liquidity and capitalisation. Results suggest that a higher degree of diversification is associated with increased stability. In addition, banks that feature a more diversified business model, as proxied by the UBI, are also better capitalised, as opposed to banks with high noninterest income share. Our results suggest that regulatory‐induced restriction on universal banking may indeed reduce the benefits of risk sharing across operating segments, exposing banks to heightened risks.

International audience; Cross‐border regulatory arbitrage by global banks remains the main challenge to the effectiveness of macroprudential policy. This article aims to improve the understanding of the extent to which macroprudential initiatives around the world have shaped global banking, focusing on U.S. banks. An ad hoc dataset on the geographical distribution of on and off balance sheet activities of foreign branches allows the investigation of whether regulatory arbitrage has stimulated international leakages of macroprudential regulation. I first focus my attention on the lending behavior in those host countries in which foreign branches are left out of the regulatory perimeter via the institution‐targeted tools implementation. I then investigate whether macroprudential policy leakages due to regulatory arbitrage occur via off‐balance sheet activities. My findings suggest that institution‐targeted macroprudential regulation in host countries increases branches’ local lending, especially when U.S. banks are also exempted from the corresponding tool at home. I further find evidence in support of the fact that stricter local macroprudential policy has increased off‐balance sheet activities of resident foreign branches, as far as interest rate swaps exposures are concerned. From a normative standpoint, my results highlight the importance of reciprocity and international cooperation among macroprudential regulators

International audience; What signals quality for digital startups seeking access to external finance? Analyzing a unique dataset from India, we investigate the impact of traditional quality signals (e.g., the founders’ years of experience, prior industry experience); networking signals (e.g., degrees from elite educational institutes, the breadth of an entrepreneurial team); and digital signals (e.g., the social media presence of the startup on multiple social media sites) on the access to venture capital financing. We find that while networking and digital signals positively impact access to financing, traditional human capital signals do not have any significant impact on the process.

International audience; This article reports on an event study with the aim of assessing the impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the share price of the whole power generation sector. Three groups of companies are investigated: those generating electricity of non-nuclear origin, those generating electricity of nuclear origin, and those participating at different levels in the nuclear power generation industry. The results show, on the one hand, a contagion effect for the whole nuclear power generation sector, with differentiated effects according to the place of firms in the sector and, on the other hand, a competition effect for the renewable electricity power generation companies. The findings of this study are useful as much for market actors than for companies involved in the energy sector.; Cet article rend compte d’une étude d’événement dont l’objectif est d’évaluer l’impact de l’accident nucléaire de Fukushima sur le cours des actions de l’ensemble de la filière de production d’électricité en France. Trois groupes d’entreprises sont ainsi étudiés : celles qui produisent de l’électricité d’origine non nucléaire, celles qui produisent de l’électricité d’origine nucléaire et celles qui participent à différents niveaux à la filière de production d’électricité nucléaire. Il en ressort, d’une part, un effet de contagion sur l’ensemble de la filière de production d’électricité d’origine nucléaire, avec des effets différenciés selon la place des entreprises dans la filière et, d’autre part, un effet de compétition sur les sociétés productrices d’électricité renouvelable. Les enseignements de cette étude intéressent aussi bien les acteurs intervenant sur les marchés financiers que les entreprises du secteur de l’énergie.

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Pathways Towards Connecting Creativity and Sustainability provides multiple disciplinary and thematic perspectives on how creative processes are brought about and maintained for the purpose of sustainable development. The complexity of Sustainable development challenges requires completely novel solutions and change of mindsets. Therefore collective creativity is essential. The book is inspired by the philosophy of ARTEM (ARts, Technology &Management), a transversal and transdisciplinary approach to scientific research, learning and practice.It contributes to the ongoing discussion on how creativity relates to sustainable development and is connected to the discourse of the ARTEM Organizational Creativity Conference series. The book is designed to offer the reader, academic or practitioner, the opportunity to explore and rethink new paths and contexts for systematically connecting sustainable development with creative approaches. The volume positions the concepts of creativity and sustainability in a sound theoretical framework and explores issues of practical and theoretical value covering a range of themes, including : - Reflections related to creativity and sustainable development, - Arts, artistic interventions and embodiment, - Methods and space for creativity in change and sustainable development, - Sustainable community development, - Corporate sustainability and creativity.This volume profits from the variety of methodologies and case-based expertise of the authors from various disciplines and origins.

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International audience; Recent years have seen an increasing interest on the separate areas of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) in small-and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in SMEs, and collaboration with environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) on sustainable activities. However, very few studies have both investigated (i) how SME environmental activities can be translated into social requirements in the supply chain through responsible purchasing, and (ii) how the cooperation with ENGOs impacts this relationship. Within a framework that incorporates dynamic capability, legitimacy, and relational view theories, this study tests the proposed moderated mediation model using data from 146 thousand small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Results indicate that CER significantly and positively influences social requirements in SME supply chains. Moreover, findings also show that CER is positively associated with social requirements in SME supply chains through responsible purchasing. Results further reveal that the effects of CER and the use of responsible purchasing to implement social requirements in SMEs’ supply chains vary depending on the cooperation with ENGOs. Overall, this study contributes to the theory of sustainable supply chain management, and offers unique insights into the role of environmental NGOs in the move from CER to social requirements in SME supply chains.

International audience; This paper aims to investigate the impact of product differentiation on the extent of conflict of interest between principal stakeholders (shareholders, employees, and consumers), which is one of the most important concerns of stakeholder-oriented corporate governance. We consider a differentiated duopoly competing either in price or quantity after the wages of employees are negotiated with a labor union. We find that price competition and quantity competition have drastically different implications on whether product differentiation mitigates stakeholders' conflicts. Specifically, product differentiation can mitigate stakeholders' conflicts when firms compete in price, but not when they compete in quantity. Therefore, the product differentiation effect in mitigating stakeholders' conflicts differs across markets characterized by price competition versus quantity competition.

International audience; Sur le plan technologique, mimer le vivant, ses formes, pour développer et concevoir les technologies médicales – orthèses, prothèses et autres systèmes de suppléance fonctionnelle électrophysiologique ou cognitive, intra ou extracor-porelles –, est une nécessité pour reconstruire l’anatomie et rétablir la physiologie. Après avoir situé cette question dans une perspective historique et épistémologique, Didier Fass élargit la réflexion critique aux formes de pensée ou de traitement par les machines médicales et symbiotiques. Il explicite les concepts associés et les principes théoriques nécessaires à la compréhension de l’organisation du vivant, essentiels pour concevoir et modéliser les artefacts médicaux dans une bio-ingénierie intégrative. Ainsi sont décrits les besoins fondamentaux de biocompatibilité et de bio-intégration ainsi que les exigences fondamentales, dont celles de forme(s), de l’ingénierie « humain-artifice » pour la médecine et pour « l’humain augmenté ». Pour conclure, l’auteur propose une mise en perspective de la bio-ingénierie intégrative à la bio-impression de dispositifs médicaux et à l’ingénierie tissulaire.

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Don E. Schultz, a pioneer and eventual guru in the field of integrated marketing communications (IMC) and advertising, passed away on Thursday 4 June 2020 at the age of 86. He is survived by his wi...

International audience; Developing social-links among consumers can increase firm performance but does having a communal-brand connection impact counterfeit consumption? Two studies are implemented to explore this question. Study 1 finds that there is a positive relationship between moral beliefs towards counterfeits and willingness to purchase counterfeits. Study 1 also discovers that a weak to average communal-brand connection moderates this relationship. However, study 2 reveals that need for belonging is a stronger moderator. In particular, consumers with a low to average need for belonging are less willing to purchase counterfeits when they hold unfavorable moral beliefs towards counterfeits but are more willing when they hold favorable moral beliefs. The results suggest that need for belonging levels influences a consumer's willingness to purchase counterfeit products. Managers are encouraged to promote messages to their brand communities that decrease moral beliefs towards counterfeits, such as counterfeit consumers are inauthentic and immoral.

International audience; Predator-prey dynamics are widely used in ecology but seldom utilized in economics and marketing, despite their ability to express financial market agents' behaviors when considered in combination with economic cycles and financial crises. This multidisciplinary article presents a stylized framework of a market cycle that combines the notions of supply and demand and predator-prey interactions between buyers and sellers of housing mortgages. We illustrate our framework using data from the Global Financial Crisis and a Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. We find that with our framework we can capture the dynamics of the market, particularly the peak and decline in the number of sellers and sold subprime mortgages. Our framework sheds a new light on consumer behaviors, pinpointing how they can put themselves into vulnerable prey positions. This article is one of the first of its kind to propose market phases and predator-prey dynamics nested in economic cycles and consumer buying trends.

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International audience; The issue of cybersecurity has become a challenge for companies and boards of directors. Cybersecurity is not only an IT topic but a risk extended to all operations of the companies. Indeed, cybersecurity potentially has an impact on financial reporting quality, this attribution being one of the duties of audit committees. Using Endsley's model, our exploratory study seeks to determine the levels of cyber situational awareness of audit committee members, how they comply with it and if this appraisal matches the steps identified within the model.

International audience; The present article introduces the concept of consumer spinning. This occurs when consumers have lost track of their initial motivation to consume and engage unwittingly in hamster-like spinning in a “wheel of misfortune”, being encouraged to spend through sweetheart deals and thus incur debt without even realizing it. This article takes for example the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 (GFC) during which the use of such sweeteners by sellers of predatory mortgages and advocates for lax regulations led U.S. consumers to spin and, in the process, ignore the debt trap they were falling into. We discuss the results of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment we conducted to test the ratio of greed over risk aversion and the hypothesized phenomenon of spinning. We believe that this is the first academic attempt to examine spinning resorting to an experimental tool used regularly in neuroscience and psychology research. Our framework indicates that government regulators should take the role of marketing sweeteners into account when devising policies. Marketing managers, who strive to educate consumers and help them reduce their debt load, thus promoting better purchasing power, stand to benefit from an understanding of these possible spinning behaviors and adapt their campaigns accordingly. We believe that there should be legal consequences for encouraging consumer spinning, as this at times may be an intentional and deceitful invitation for consumers to harm themselves financially.

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Research question: This study examines team performance as a function of team tenure, cohesion and trust in the coach. Specifically, we propose a moderated-mediation model to explain whether it translates into an objective measure of future team performance. Research methods: The study sample consists of 668 players from 73 professional and top amateur basketball league teams in Catalonia, Spain. Data collection consisted of a survey performed during a regular training session held at the beginning of the second part of the season as well as objective and subjective team performance indicators. Results and findings: Our findings suggest that the indirect effect of team tenure on performance through team cohesion is only significant for high and medium levels of cognitive trust in the coach and low levels of affective trust in the coach. Implications: These findings provide evidence that explains trust’s contribution to fostering team dynamics and how team tenure translates into future team performance. The practical implications of this study suggest that simply promoting team cohesion without taking into account the cognitive trust in the coach will not necessarily increase performance. Therefore, coaches and managers must invest in the amount of work they do with team members and their skills in order to ensure team members have high cognitive trust in them. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

OBJECTIVE: This study examines European decision makers' consideration and use of quantitative preference data.; METHODS: The study reviewed quantitative preference data usage in 31 European countries to support marketing authorization, reimbursement, or pricing decisions. Use was defined as: agency guidance on preference data use, sponsor submission of preference data, or decision-maker collection of preference data. The data could be collected from any stakeholder using any method that generated quantitative estimates of preferences. Data were collected through: (1) documentary evidence identified through a literature and regulatory websites review, and via key opinion leader outreach; and (2) a survey of staff working for agencies that support or make healthcare technology decisions.; RESULTS: Preference data utilization was identified in 22 countries and at a European level. The most prevalent use (19 countries) was citizen preferences, collected using time-trade off or standard gamble methods to inform health state utility estimation. Preference data was also used to: (1) value other impact on patients, (2) incorporate non-health factors into reimbursement decisions, and (3) estimate opportunity cost. Pilot projects were identified (6 countries and at a European level), with a focus on multi-criteria decision analysis methods and choice-based methods to elicit patient preferences.; CONCLUSION: While quantitative preference data support reimbursement and pricing decisions in most European countries, there was no utilization evidence in European-level marketing authorization decisions. While there are commonalities, a diversity of usage was identified between jurisdictions. Pilots suggest the potential for greater use of preference data, and for alignment between decision makers. Copyright © 2020 ISPOR-The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of internet of everything (IoE) on marketing analytics, the benefits and challenges it presents and the implications of its policy and legal framework.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research methods are used across privacy statements and consumer social media data to determine factors of concern for business and consumers.FindingsThe qualitative analysis of privacy statements and consumer social media data unveils factors of concern that are common for businesses and consumers, such as user consent and data security, as well as problems specific to the IoE, including the use of mobile devices and various service providers. The study also shows a differentiation in the levels of information privacy concerns for marketing practice, the use of personal information, sharing information with third parties and consumer consent and agreement to critical terms.Practical implicationsRecommendations for policymakers, practitioners and researchers, especially concerning the need for more studies related to the issues of data security, information privacy and personal information are addressed.Originality/valueThere is a need to assess the potential implications that the use of marketing analytics in the IoE can have for marketing policy, governmental regulations and industry self-regulation. The purpose of this research is to perform an exploratory evaluation of the impact of IoE on marketing analytics, the benefits and challenges it presents and the implications of its policy and legal framework.