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Copyright of Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics / Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main goal of this paper is to show Nicholas de Cusa’s influence on the notion of Icon (icône) as counter-intentionality in Jean-Luc Marion’s phe‑ nomenology of givenness. In order to do this, first, we offer a study of the early conception of Icon in Marion, as it appears in L’Idole et la distance (1977) and Dieu sans l’être (1982), showing the passage from an early conception of the icon to its first phenomenological formulation. As we will see, in this early period there is already an influence of the christian neoplatonic tradition (Dionysius the Areopa‑ gite). Secondly, we analyze the reception practiced by Marion of the Nicholas of Cusa’s thought. In this case, we indicate specifically how the Cusanian notion of eicona dei appears as a fundamental historical antecedent of the Icon as a satu‑ rated phenomenon, thus revealing the importance of Christian Neoplatonism in the phenomenology of givenness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The peak of WN4 and the trough of PDB Ni coincide with the maximum and minimum of the eastward ion drifts, respectively. • Summer-to-winter trans-equatorial plasma flows are essential to form the PDB structures. • The number of WN4 peaks is a function of tidal waves, while the number of PDB troughs can be affected by the observation altitude. We examine nighttime longitudinal structures of ion density and ion velocity in wavenumber-four (WN4) and plasma depletion bays (PDBs) observed by FORMOSAT-5 (F5) and ICON, as well as electron density by FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7C2) in 2020. Three PDBs significantly occur in June and December solstices, while WN4 prominently appear in March and September equinox. F5/AIP (advanced ionospheric probe) ion velocities tend to be westward (eastward) at the PDB (WN4) longitudes, which shows that the ion density maximum and minimum are coincident with the eastward ion velocity maximum and minimum, respectively. ICON/IVM (ion drift meter) field-aligned velocities further reveal that the summer to winter trans -equatorial flow is essential to form PDBs, which further results in upward and downward ion drifts in the upstream and downstream areas (summer and winter hemisphere), respectively. Furthermore, F7C2 radio occultation electron density profiles reveal that three PDBs could prominently appear in June and December solstice in the upper ionosphere. F5/AIP and ICON/IVM ion velocities show that the zonal plasma drift is essential to form nighttime WN4 and PDBs, and the summer to winter trans -equatorial flow is important to PDBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES: In order to assess the changes in tooth orthodontic adhesive interface microleakage after applying a caries resin penetrated to the sound enamel tooth surface in different storage media. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 human maxillary first premolars (orthodontic extraction) were collected by random separation of the teeth into two equal groups. The control group was classified into three subgroups (n = 10) (control in deionized water, control in milk, and control in energy drink), while the experimental one (treated with ICON) was categorized into three subgroups (n = 10) (ICON in deionized water, ICON in milk, and ICON in energy drink) incubation phase lasted three weeks in total. RESULTS: A one‑way analysis of variance (ANOVA) yielded a significant difference between all experimental subgroups (ICON in deionized water, ICON in milk, and ICON in energy drink) and control subgroups (control in deionized water, control in milk, and control in energy drink). The control group in the energy drink subgroup had the highest mean microleakage value when compared to the other subgroups, whereas the resin‑infiltrated group in deionized water had the lowest mean value. According to the results of the T‑test, ICON pre‑treatment tooth samples had significantly lower mean values of microleakage than non‑ICON tooth samples. CONCLUSIONS: The adhesive system (control group) revealed that a resin infiltrate on a sound enamel surface prior to orthodontic bracket bonding reduced bracket tooth interface microleakage in all examined samples. The ICON‑infiltrated surface was discovered to provide a secondary preventive strategy against white spot lesion development by reducing microleakage under brackets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article lays out the foundation of a new language for easier written communication that is inherently reader-friendly and inherently international. Words usually consist of strings of sounds or squiggles whose meanings are merely a convention. In Icono, instead, they typically are strings of icons that illustrate what they stand for. “Train,” for example, is expressed with the icon of a train, “future” with the icon of a clock surrounded by a clockwise arrow, and “mammal” with the icons of a cow and a mouse—their combination’s meaning given by what they have in common. Moreover, Icono reveals sentence structure graphically before, rather than linguistically after, one begins reading. On smartphones and computers, writing icons can now be faster than writing alphabetic words. And using simple pictures as words helps those who struggle with conditions like dyslexia, aphasia, cerebral palsy, and autism with speech impairment. Because learning its pronunciation or phonetic spelling is optional rather than a prerequisite, and because it shows what it says, Icono is bound to be easier to learn to read—and then easier to read—than any other language, including our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NASA-GOLD obtained 2D images of low-latitude blobs above Africa. • Multiple LEO satellites complementarily observed the blobs: ICON, COSMIC-2, Swarm, and NextSat-1. • The two events in Africa generally support the previous case study in Central/South America. Low-latitude plasma blobs are localized density enhancements of electron density that are occasionally observed in the night-time tropical ionosphere. Two-dimensional (2D) imaging of this phenomenon has been rare and frequently restricted to Central/South America, which is densely covered with ground-based airglow imagers and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In Africa, on the contrary, no 2D image of a blob has been reported. Here we present two low-latitude blob events above Africa, one in the Northern summer and the other in winter, in the 2-dimensional Far-UltraViolet (FUV) images from the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission. Additionally, multiple satellites (four spacecraft per event) on the Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) encountered the blob events, some within the GOLD images and some outside. The LEO data support the robustness of GOLD observations and bridge time gaps between the consecutive images. Properties of the two blob events above Africa generally support the conclusions in a previous case study for Central/South America. Plasma therein exhibited higher O+ fraction and faster ion flow toward outer L-shells than the ambient. The blobs were conjugate to locally intensified Equatorial Ionization Anomaly crests without conspicuous equatorward-westward propagation. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of GOLD and multiple LEO satellites in monitoring the ionosphere above Africa, which is a fascinating laboratory of low-latitude electrodynamics but still waiting for more observatories to be deployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article posits a way forward for church-based Christian Education following the Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns. Drawing on the writings of Kierkegaard, it is proposed that both a "leap of faith" and an "interruption" of linear learning might establish a more authentic way of relating to children's spirituality. Including examples from practice, the icon is visited as a pedagogical tool that inspires possibility and wrestles with fixed ideas to inspire new meanings for children today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction We conducted a study to evaluate the dosimetric feasibility of mask‐based cobalt‐60 fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (mcfSRT) with the Leksell Gamma Knife® Icon™ device. Methods Eleven patients with intracranial tumours were selected for this dosimetry study. These patients, previously treated with volumetric arc therapy (VMAT), were re‐planned using mcfSRT. Target volume coverage, conformity/gradient indices, doses to organs at risk and treatment times were compared between the mcfSRT and VMAT plans. Two‐sided paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare differences between the two plans. Results The V95 for PTV was similar between fractionated mcfSRT and VMAT (P = 0.47). The conformity index and gradient indices were 0.9 and 3.3, respectively, for mcfSRT compared to 0.7 and 4.2, respectively, for VMAT (P

This paper explores the most salient images throughout Aung San Suu Kyi's political career (1988-2021). It aims to capture how she became an icon of Burma's struggle for democracy for both her supporters and opponents, and was then vilified in the wake of the Rohingya crisis. Aung San Suu Kyi's portrayal and its ups and downs highlight the polarised nature of opinion in the global world. This visual history of opinions sheds new light on the current Burmese crisis. It reveals the irreconcilable rift between the Burmese people and the military junta, which echoes the wars of our time.

Key points 1. F7/C2 IVM shows similar patterns of diurnal, seasonal and latitude/longitude variations of ion density to ICON IVM but with stronger magnitudes. 2. Distinct latitudinal and longitudinal variations of plasma distributions along seasons were observed during 2019-2020. 3. Simultaneous observations by the multi-satellite constellation of F7/C2 and ICON and all-sky imager provide opportunity to monitor evolutions of EPBs.

Introduction. The article deals with the issue of Christian communities of different denominations to have resided in the city of Majar, the latter localized around Majar hillfort on the Kuma riverside. Christian cult objects have been discovered in the commercial and crafts quarter of the hillfort. Archaeological and written sources make it possible to identify certain groups of Christians — Orthodox, Catholic, and Gregorian (Armenian) ones — within the city’s population. Goals. The study aims to summarize data on Christians in Majar. Nowadays, there is archaeological evidence confirming Majar had been also inhabited by ethnic Russians and Armenians. Materials and methods. The work analyzes the First Sophia Chronicle, sources on Latin missionary activity in the Golden Horde published by Ph. Bruun, A. Malyshev, and R. Hautala, a 1774 map of the Caucasus compiled by Georg Treitel, and archaeological materials. The study employs a number of research methods, such as the historical/systemic, historical/comparative, and cartographic ones. Results. The year 1245 had witnessed earliest contacts between the papacy and the Mongol Empire. In 1260, relations between the Golden Horde and the Byzantine Empire were set up. And in 1267, Metropolitan Kirill II of Kiev received a jarlig from Khan Mengu-Timur. Rulers of the Golden Horde were seeking to achieve various domestic and foreign policy goals through the agenda of religious tolerance. Franciscan missions, parishes of the Alan Metropolitanate, Diocese of Sarai, and the Armenian Church were functioning across the early 14th-century North Caucasus. Some 16th–18th century written sources attest to the presence of a Christian temple within the hillfort of Majar. Materials published by Ph. Bruun, A. Malyshev, and R. Hautala provide evidence Majar and its neighborhood used to host several Franciscan missions throughout the 14th century. Christian cult objects (encolpion cross, copper icon) discovered in the territory of Majar’s trade and crafts quarter testify to that Orthodox Christians had also lived there and had a temple of their own. The Armenian cross-stone (khachkar) which had been part of a church and found at the ancient site suggests there may have been an Armenian community and an Armenian temple too. Conclusions. The available evidence of the presence of different Christian denominations in Majar insufficiently reveals their role in the city’s life. And it gets urgent to localize the Christian quarter at the ancient site of Majar. So, the search for archival materials and archaeological explorations of the site should be continued.

The article opens a number of studies devoted to the theme of Sophia the Wisdom of God in the history of Russian Christian fine art and sacred architecture. The Cathedral of Veliky Novgorod, built in the 11th century, is one of the oldest religious buildings dedicated to St. Sophia. The question about the name of the Novgorod cathedral a few centuries after its construction caused a theological discussion, and in the 19th and 20th centuries brought to life religious and philosophical Russian trend – the tradition of Sophiology. The icon of Sophia the Wisdom, which occupies a completely unique place in the history of Russian iconography, has not yet received a generally accepted interpretation. Various philosophical theories aimed at explaining the content of this icon, as well as at reconstructing the meaning of the very name of Sophia the Wisdom, are explored in this article. For Vladimir Solovyov, Sophia is the personification of the unity of cosmos, a character in his mystical poetry and a mythological “Soul of the World” within the framework of his philosophy of unity. The priest Pavel Florensky describes Sophia as the divine nature of all living beings, the “ideal personality of the world”, often merging with the Mother of God in minds of people. Sergei Bulgakov connects Sophia with the divine essence of the Trinity, and with the highest principle of the world order, and with the angel. All these philosophers try to arbitrarily interpret the plot of the icon of St. Sophia and the name of Russian churches in honor of St. Sophia to substantiate their religious and philosophical concepts, which are far from Christian orthodoxy.

Translated sacred writings from various religious traditions often retain a few selected cultural terms borrowed from the incipient sign system, while other cultural dimensions are translated in ways that can broadly be construed as domestication. By contrast, many Bible translation agencies eschew translation strategies in which cultural terms are borrowed, advocating instead for wholesale domestication. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework for representing the alterity, but not the foreignness, of the Bible in translation. Alterity involves the incipient sign system, namely the biblical languages and their cultural contexts ranging from Iron Age Israel within the context of the Ancient Near East for the Old Testament to Roman Palestine in the first century for the New Testament. Examples from African contexts, including Afrikaans (South Africa), Lok (Nigeria) and Tira (Sudan), illustrate multiple approaches to representing alterity and provide an important corrective to current practice in many Bible translation projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a literature review that aimed to identify theoretical and methodological trends in studies on the relationship between social awareness, semiotic representation, and drawing in children's experience. Ninety-five articles published between 2005 and 2020 were reviewed from a critical perspective regarding the object, the subjects, and research approaches. It was identified that theories of social representation, stereotypes, and possible worlds are the most common ones, and that participatory action research, experimental studies, and clinical and therapeutic studies are the most implemented methodologies. Drawing has not been approached from an interdisciplinary perspective of cognitive sciences, nor sufficiently from a phenomenological approach. Therefore, studying social awareness in children requires an approach rooted in the phenomenology of the social world and semiotic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on one of Paul Evdokimov's seminal works: The Art of the Icon: A Theology of Beauty. If secular art tries to capture and go beyond the human by reaching for the idea of the transcendent which it projects into the abstract, the art of the icon renders the spiritual, the spiritual world, the world that penetrates the immanent without denying it, even using its means to translate us into the light of the eighth day. Using limited means to render the Unbounded is indeed an art. The author shows us that not every religious artistic achievement can be called an icon in the true sense of the word, not even what we find in churches exposed for worship and bearing the title "icon" are icons. The present work is intended as a solution and as a criterion that can be used to distinguish between a canonical and a non-canonical icon from both a theological and an artistic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opera The Knock was commissioned by the Glimmerglass Festival and was planned to be performed in 2021. Due to the pandemic the premiere was postponed, but Glimmerglass decided to film the opera and stream it on YouTube. The screened version of The Knock is the subject of this paper. Despite the setback, the opera had its live premiere on June 23, 2023 at the Cincinnati Opera House. The libretto of The Knock was inspired by the autobiographical testimonies of military wives which Deborah Brevoort, the librettist, relied upon. Inspired by the strong emotions of the story along with the inner monologue of the characters, Aleksandra Vrebalov created music which not only reflects these inner states, but together with the text and image creates an inextricable semantic network, or in other words, a semiosis of the artwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On an intentional level, reading advertising images is a guided reading. The potential buyer is guided towards an already constituted meaning that needs to be decoded. Over time, advertising has evolved from referential advertising, which presents the advantages of purchasing a product or service, to allegorical advertising, which uses subversive techniques, appealing to a series of elaborate social codes or archetypal invariants, with an effect on the buyer‘s subconscious. Today, the connotative value of the advertising image becomes even more important than the denotative one. Its original purpose is hijacked by the complexity of the phenomenon, because advertising does not just sell products, but images of the world, with a pronounced self-referential character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the process of separation of the two layers of painting of the icon "St. Apostle Philip", which is kept in the church in the Bonevychi village (Sambir district, Lviv region, Ukraine). The expediency of using the chemical method of separation for these work and similar ones, according to the state of preservation and technique of execution, is substantiated. The study shows that the upper layer of the icon was made in the late 19th -- early 20th centuries in the technique of oil painting on top of the new gesso (levkas). The original painting of the icon was done in the technique of tempera with the use of silvering and engraving on the background. When studying the manner of painting of the original layer of the icon and based on archival documents about the church in Bonevychi, it was found that first image was painted in the early 18th century to the newly built in 1702 wooden church in Bonevychi. The manner of painting shows that the author of the original icon was a master from the center of church art in the town of Rybotychi (now a village in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Województwo podkarpackie) of Poland). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by the theories of Antonio Damasio on the emotional mappings of the mind, the present article probes into the Irish writer Colm Tóibín's The Testament of Mary (2012), originally written for the stage as a solo play and later adapted into a novella, to disclose the resistance narrative of a grieving mother against the official accounts of the Passion of Christ. The ageing Mary of this text, who is granted voice and body, defies the symbolic representations of female suffering and sorrow that have nurtured cultural history and memory for centuries, and engages in a corporeal rendering of her version, which she intends to leave as her Testament to the world. The shaping of her consciousness is thus substantiated on her embodiment as woman and mother, against the iconic disembodied Virgin Mary that has formed the axis of the Catholic cult of Mariology, ultimately contributing to dissolve the classical dichotomies body/mind and matter/spirit, which will be analyzed in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raffaella Carrà, questioned about her status as a gay icon, expressed uncertainty, attributing it to the LGBT+ community's imaginative connection with her. The first statement of explicit support dates to 1979. A relationship established over time, initially quietly, later confirmed with her recognition as a global gay icon (at the World Pride in Madrid) and in numerous interviews, in which, when asked about the reasons for such a "love", she responded with a somewhat ambiguous yet dense «I don't know». Rita traces the reasons for this feeling to the camp phenomenon, in its ability - paraphrasing Sontag - to eliminate every element of morality, neutralizing indignation through the passion for exaggeration, for what is artificial and consequently «intimately "against", even if it does not throw bombs. The performance alone is sufficient to be explosive. Almost always she discovered to be subversive without being aware of it», revolutionizing and promoting «instances of extreme modernity without even noticing it», according to Barra. As a skillful interpreter of the world that surrounded her, Raffaella Carrà defined this feeling in terms of the imagination, thus recognizing an "other" space as the only place where a sense of community could be established, where it is too often possible to legitimize a principle of equality which is denied in the reality. Carrà deposed the star forms by exciting «the public to marvel with her, not at her», as Rita wrote, in a sort of "meta-transvestism" which is very reminiscent of the processes of appropriation and re-semanticization implemented in the use of GIFs and in fanvidding practices. Through a study of remix operations on some social networks, the article tries to draw a map of online condolence messages from the LGBT+ community as soon as it learns about its icon's death. An online space which, following her disappearance, becomes a safer space for her fans, therefore an ideal ceremonial place for the conjugation - which took place quietly at an institutional level - between the icon of sexual liberation and the gay icon, in a secular, spontaneous and transnational beatification process without precedents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the importance of material objects and practices of mobility for understanding the complex relationships between Christianity and war. It thus explores the potential of material-oriented research for studying the sacralization of military violence, focusing on Russian Orthodox contextual theology of war and using the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) as a case study. Special attention is given to the icon known as "the Mother of God of Port Arthur", which is analyzed as an embodiment, a material manifestation, of the Russian Orthodox theology of war. The text is divided into four sections, (1) introducing the concept of Orthodox contextual theologies of war, (2) outlining the Russian colonial expansion project to the Pacific, (3) examining key features of Russian Orthodox theology of war in connection to the supposedly "miraculous appearance" and the mobility of the "Icon of the Mother of God of Port Arthur", and (4) summarizing the findings and their relevance for understanding recent developments in Russian Orthodoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission measures the neutral winds from about 88 to 310 km altitudes, which provides a good opportunity to investigate the vertical distribution of the neutral winds. In this study we used the green line of MIGHTI to focus on the wind reversal due to large vertical shears at the transition altitude from E to F regions (∼120–220 km). For the limitations of green line filter during night‐time, we therefore present only the results on the dayside from 0600 to 1800 local time (LT). Based on more than 2 years data, there were 206 and 96 orbits identified with clear wind reversal in the meridional and zonal components, respectively. These events almost covered the whole altitude of ∼120–220 km. Interestingly, such wind reversal occurs mostly (about 75%) during magnetic quiet periods with Kp less than 2. Their dependences on LT, geographic latitude (Glat) and longitude (Glon) have been further analyzed. Two different trends for the wind reversals on LT dependence have been found, for example, the mean altitude of meridional (zonal) wind reversal is higher at dawn, and then slowly decreases toward dusk; or the mean altitude of wind reversal is higher at dusk and slowly decreases toward dawn. Such two kinds of altitude trends of wind reversal are also found for the dependence on Glat, but not on Glon. In addition, we find that there are about 90% orbits with wind reversal simultaneously observed at the low E and F regions, but the altitude variations of wind reversal can be the same or opposite in the two regions, even for the same orbit. This result suggests that the wind reversals at the low E and low F regions should be different. The climatology of the wind reversals at low F region observed by ICON provides helpful constrain for the neutral wind simulation based on physical models. Key Points: Clear wind reversals due to large vertical shears were identified in the meridional and zonal components of ICON wind observationsThe wind reversal of both meridional and zonal winds show two types of altitude variations on local time and latitudeFor most orbits with wind reversal identified at low F region, there are wind reversals simultaneously observed at low E region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay seeks to shift our perspective when addressing the question of the impact of the Council of Trent on art. Rather than focusing on the artistic treatises that emerged in the wake of the council, it turns to a different type of text: the records from visitations, regular church inspections that functioned as an important tool of Catholic reform. This analysis looks at apostolic visitation records in the Vatican archives between 1564 and 1630 to show how ecclesiastical visitors chiefly judged image decorum—and the definition of images themselves—according to function instead of form, giving priority to issues related to ritual use, such as conservation, consecration, and location. The functional definition of terms such as altarpiece and icona in the visitation records also reminds us to carefully consider the art historical vocabulary used in scholarship today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements from the Ionospheric Connections Explorer satellite (ICON) form the basis of direct numerical forecast simulations of plasma convective instability in the postsunset equatorial F region ionosphere. ICON data are selected and used to initialize and force the simulations and then to test the results one orbit later when the satellite revisits the same longitude. Data from the IVM plasma density and drifts instrument and the MIGHTI red‐line thermospheric winds instrument are used to force the simulation. Data from IVM are also used to test for irregularities (electrically polarized plasma depletions). Fourteen datasets from late March 2022, were examined. The simulations correctly predicted the occurrence or non‐occurrence of irregularities 12 times while producing one false positive and one false negative. This demonstrates that the important telltales of instability are present in the ICON state variables and that the important mechanisms for irregularity formation are captured by the simulation code. Possible refinements to the forecast strategy are discussed. Plain Language Summary: Measurements from the Ionospheric Connections Explorer satellite (ICON) are incorporated into numerical simulations of plasma instability known to inhabit the equatorial postsunset F‐region ionosphere. Instability produces ionospheric irregularities which can interfere with radio communication, navigation, and imaging systems, and the simulations are intended as part of a strategy for forecasting the associated space weather hazard. Plasma drift and zonal thermospheric wind measurements in particular are used to drive the simulations. Overall, the method was able to predict instability on 12 of 14 attempts with one false positive and one false negative. Key Points: ICON satellite measurements used to force forecast simulations of plasma convective instability in the equatorial ionosphereNumerical simulations based on data from March 2022, were mainly accurate although there were some failuresSignificant improvements can be made to simulation initialization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence indicates that a selected group of global-scale waves from the lower atmosphere constitute a significant source of ionosphere-thermosphere (IT, 100–600 km) variability. Due to the geometry of the magnetic field lines, this IT coupling occurs mainly at low latitudes (< 30°) and is driven by waves originating in the tropical troposphere such as the diurnal eastward propagating tide with zonal wave number s = −3 (DE3) and the quasi-3-day ultra-fast Kelvin wave with s = −1 (UFKW1). In this work, over 2 years of simultaneous in situ ion densities from Ion Velocity Meters (IVMs) onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) near 590 km and the Scintillation Observations and Response of the Ionosphere to Electrodynamics (SORTIE) CubeSat near 420 km, along with remotely-sensed lower (ca. 105 km) and middle (ca. 220 km) thermospheric horizontal winds from ICON’s Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) are employed to demonstrate a rich spectrum of waves coupling these IT regions. Strong DE3 and UFKW1 topside ionospheric variations are traced to lower thermospheric zonal winds, while large diurnal s = 2 (DW2) and zonally symmetric (D0) variations are traced to middle thermospheric winds generated in situ. Analyses of diurnal tides from the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT) reveal general agreement near 105 km, with larger discrepancies near 220 km due to in situ tidal generation not captured by CTMT. This study highlights the utility of simultaneous satellite measurements for studies of IT coupling via global-scale waves.

This article describes such an unprecedented phenomenon of Russian icon painting in the 19th and early 20th centuries like mass forgery of ancient icons with the aim of their subsequent sale to believers or collectors. This craft has been developing in different villages of the Vladimir province since the 18th century and initially implies the presence of a well-established system of old-style icon painters (“starinshchiki”) and wandering icon dealers (“ofenees”). The author reveals the underlying causes of this phenomenon, describes the main ways of forging ancient icons and analyses the artistic means that were used by icon painters to stylize “antique”. A connection is established between the Old Believer type of piety and the fashion for antiquity and the increase in demand for “ancient” icons, and thereby the development of the craft of “starinshchiki”.

This article lays out the foundation of a new language for easier written communication that is inherently reader-friendly and inherently international. Words usually consist of strings of sounds or squiggles whose meanings are merely a convention. In Icono, instead, they typically are strings of icons that illustrate what they stand for. “Train,” for example, is expressed with the icon of a train, “future” with the icon of a clock surrounded by a clockwise arrow, and “mammal” with the icons of a cow and a mouse—their combination’s meaning given by what they have in common. Moreover, Icono reveals sentence structure graphically before, rather than linguistically after, one begins reading. On smartphones and computers, writing icons can now be faster than writing alphabetic words. And using simple pictures as words helps those who struggle with conditions like dyslexia, aphasia, cerebral palsy, and autism with speech impairment. Because learning its pronunciation or phonetic spelling is optional rather than a prerequisite, and because it shows what it says, Icono is bound to be easier to learn to read—and then easier to read—than any other language, including our own.

Abstract The Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission measures the neutral winds from about 88 to 310 km altitudes, which provides a good opportunity to investigate the vertical distribution of the neutral winds. In this study we used the green line of MIGHTI to focus on the wind reversal due to large vertical shears at the transition altitude from E to F regions (∼120–220 km). For the limitations of green line filter during night‐time, we therefore present only the results on the dayside from 0600 to 1800 local time (LT). Based on more than 2 years data, there were 206 and 96 orbits identified with clear wind reversal in the meridional and zonal components, respectively. These events almost covered the whole altitude of ∼120–220 km. Interestingly, such wind reversal occurs mostly (about 75%) during magnetic quiet periods with Kp less than 2. Their dependences on LT, geographic latitude (Glat) and longitude (Glon) have been further analyzed. Two different trends for the wind reversals on LT dependence have been found, for example, the mean altitude of meridional (zonal) wind reversal is higher at dawn, and then slowly decreases toward dusk; or the mean altitude of wind reversal is higher at dusk and slowly decreases toward dawn. Such two kinds of altitude trends of wind reversal are also found for the dependence on Glat, but not on Glon. In addition, we find that there are about 90% orbits with wind reversal simultaneously observed at the low E and F regions, but the altitude variations of wind reversal can be the same or opposite in the two regions, even for the same orbit. This result suggests that the wind reversals at the low E and low F regions should be different. The climatology of the wind reversals at low F region observed by ICON provides helpful constrain for the neutral wind simulation based on physical models.

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large‐scale phenomena characterized by dramatic dynamic disruptions in the stratospheric winter polar regions. Previous studies, especially those employing whole atmosphere models, indicate that SSWs have strong impacts on the circulation of the mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT) and drive a reversal in the mean meridional circulation (MMC) near 90–125 km altitude. However, the robustness of these effects and the roles of SSW‐induced changes in global‐scale wave activity to drive the reversal have been difficult to observe simultaneously. This work employs horizontal lower thermospheric (∼93–106 km altitude) winds near 10°S‐40°N latitude from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging instrument onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) to present observational evidence of a prominent MLT MMC reversal associated with the January 2021 major SSW event and to demonstrate connections to semidiurnal tidal activity and possible associations with a ∼3‐day ultra‐fast Kevin wave. Plain Language Summary: The winds in the mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT) are strongly impacted by dramatic changes in the stratospheric winter polar regions associated with Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Models have shown that the climatological direction of the MLT north‐south and vertical circulation, characterized by equatorward flow near ∼100–120 km and poleward flow near ∼80–100 km, reverses following the onset of SSWs. Yet, the impacts and causes of these dynamical effects are not well established observationally due to the lack of comprehensive global measurements of the MLT region. This study evaluates the evolution of MLT winds and associated tidal and ultra‐fast Kevin wave variations during the January 2021 SSW using horizontal wind observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging instrument onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer to present observational evidence of a large MLT north‐south wind reversal due to the SSW and associated global‐scale wave influences. Key Points: A prominent (∼30 m/s) reversal in the mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT) mean meridional circulation during the January 2021 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is observed in Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging windsStrong (∼45 m/s) MLT westward flow enhancements and latitudinal (10S–40N) dependencies in the wind response occur as a result of the SSWAmplification in MLT SW2 and ultra‐fast Kevin wave1 zonal wind amplitudes are consistent with the observed westward flow enhancements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Far Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FUV) onboard the NASA-ICON spacecraft has been providing nighttime O+ density profiles over mid- and low-latitude since December 2019. These profiles are compared to electron density profiles provided by GNSS radio-occultations and ground-based ionosondes, mainly at the F-peak level where both density and height are compared. This work is an important update of the earlier study published by Wautelet et al. (J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. 126(11):e2021JA029360, 2021) for two reasons: First, several methodological improvements have been implemented at the calibration and inversion levels. Second, the present work relies on an extended time range, ranging from December 2019 to August 2022, covering therefore periods of increased solar activity, which was not the case for the previous work. It is found that the peak density and height are, on average, similar to radio-based observations by about 10% in density and 7 km in height, meaning that FUV provides peak characteristics compatible with existing ionospheric datasets based on radio signals. However, comparisons of FUV and radio-occultation profiles have to be considered very carefully due to the potentially large difference in the observation geometry, which can account for large density discrepancies even between profiles being closely located and mostly simultaneous. This is particularly important around the crests of the equatorial anomaly where the largest density discrepancies have been observed. In addition, this study highlights the variability of the FUV profiles at the bottomside level, with the analysis of cases where rather large density values were observed while small density values are expected. The latter observation does nevertheless not impact the statistics concerning the F-peak characteristics, which show that FUV reliably monitors the peak density and height with an accuracy compatible to that of external data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to show that participation in the Eucharistic Liturgy is a real entrance to the Supper in the Kingdom of Heaven and that the faithful can still participate in this Mystical Banquet of God's love in a mystical way by means of the seen ritual, icons and prayer. Through icons, through prayers, through the reading of the inspired word of the Gospel the faithful are initiated into the mysteries of the future life. They have a mystagogical finality as ways of sharing Christ which together reveal the dynamic presence of the Lord's sacrificial love in the Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics / Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: We conducted a study to evaluate the dosimetric feasibility of mask‐based cobalt‐60 fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (mcfSRT) with the Leksell Gamma Knife® Icon™ device. Methods: Eleven patients with intracranial tumours were selected for this dosimetry study. These patients, previously treated with volumetric arc therapy (VMAT), were re‐planned using mcfSRT. Target volume coverage, conformity/gradient indices, doses to organs at risk and treatment times were compared between the mcfSRT and VMAT plans. Two‐sided paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare differences between the two plans. Results: The V95 for PTV was similar between fractionated mcfSRT and VMAT (P = 0.47). The conformity index and gradient indices were 0.9 and 3.3, respectively, for mcfSRT compared to 0.7 and 4.2, respectively, for VMAT (P < 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). The radiation exposure to normal brain was lower for mcfSRT across V10, V25 and V50 compared with VMAT (P = 0.007, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The median D0.1cc for optic nerve and chiasm as well as the median D50 to the hippocampi were lower for mcfSRT compared to VMAT. Median beam‐on time for mcfSRT was 9.7 min per fraction, compared to 0.9 min for VMAT (P = 0.002). Conclusion: mcfSRT plans achieve equivalent target volume coverage, improved conformity and gradient indices, and reduced radiation doses to organs at risk as compared with VMAT plans. These results suggest superior dosimetric parameters for mcfSRT plans and can form the basis for future prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study attempts to provide a new interpretation of the phenomenon of jihad in contemporary Afghanistan. With the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Afghan people waged jihad against the Soviet Union and its dictatorial regime in Afghanistan. Jihad is a category that has a long history in Afghanistan. The process of producing the myth of jihad began in the 1970s. The process of producing the myth of jihad took place in the social conscious of Afghan society and through icons. Icons are symbols that evoke the whole work on the myth behind it. In this regard, we can name three icons for the myth of jihad: the icon of colonialism, the icon of mercenary and handcuffed government and the icon of the oppressed. The myth of jihad led to the construction of the political cause by transforming religious groups into political entities and creating antagonism and otherness. The political myth of jihad mobilized religious groups and turned them into political groups. The other, created by the myth of jihad, was seen as an enemy to be fought. Eventually this process led to the fall of the communist government in Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) onboard the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) has retrieved profiles of thermospheric wind and temperature in the 90–300 km range for over two years. As part of these limb-viewing measurements, MIGHTI also retrieves a relative volume emission rate (VER) of two atomic oxygen (OI) emissions in the same altitude range. Generally, the VER data do not vary in concert with the retrieved winds or temperatures. However, there are periods of observations where the VER measurements clearly vary together with the wind and temperature measurements, in unexpectedly prominent, large-scale structures. These large-scale variations are smaller than the tidal structures that are investigated as part of ICON's main mission. In this study, we present these large-scale variations as they appear together in the MIGHTI VER, zonal wind, and temperature products. We present a method to extract wave parameters from these structures and show their properties over the entire year of 2020. These large-scale waves consistently have vertical-to-horizontal slopes of 0.01 km/km, an upper-limit of ∼ 3000 km for horizontal wavelengths and of ∼ 35 km for vertical wavelengths. We interpret these waves as inertia gravity waves. While observational evidence for such waves is not new, it was not expected to observe their signatures with ICON data. Thus, this new global data set opens up a new and unique data source to explore this wave-type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mystery of the Most Holy Trinity of one being represents the basis of our Christian faith and living, at the same time being the living soul of the Church, which it makes live from the triune life, graciously shared with all its members, in an endless kenosis of love, which elevates, perfects and deifies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article represents the composition formation development of the saint Apostle Andriw image in the Church during the first millennium. The research has shown that the oldest surviving frescoes of the saint Apostle Andriw dates from the 4-6th century. It has been found out that the oldest surviving моsaica of the saint Apostle Andriw in Ukraine was depicted in the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv (11th century). The article shows how the icon painters depicted events in iconographical images of the saint Apostle Andriw icon and what symbolic means they used. It has been emphasized that nowadays one can observe different compositions of the iconographic depictions of saint Apostle Andriw on the iconostasis in chapels of Ukrainian Churches of the Kyivan tradition. Saint Apostle Andriw are both depicted in composition with the Apostles and separately in full or waist height. It has been noted that nowadays one can observe of the saint Apostle Andriw icon on the iconostasis in some chapels of Ukrainian Churches of the Kyivan tradition. It has been emphasized that during the matins on the saint Apostle Andriw (December 13) the icon is placed on the analogion (or tetrapodion) for veneration by the faithful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]