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Background: To identify the relation between central corneal thickness and corneal curvature with refractive errors. To find out whether there is any relation between central corneal thickness and corneal curvature with variables such as age and refractive error mainly myopia and hypermetropia. Material and Methods: This is an Observational cross- sectional study done on hospital based population. Data collected from patient with refractive error visiting our outpatient department. 70 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Following examination were performed for all the patients, measuring best corrected visual acuity, central corneal thickness, corneal curvature by topography, subjective refraction done using retinoscopy. All patients underwent a complete slit-lamp examination. Correlation identified using Karl Pearson's and spearman correlation coefficient. Data analysis done with SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The mean central corneal thickness of our population is 536.9 microns. The mean age of our study population was 41.7 years. The mean corneal curvature is 44.82 D. Astigmatism and Hypermetropia has significant correlation with central corneal thickness and corneal curvature. Conclusion: CCT has got a negative correlation with age that is as age progress CCT decreases. Astigmatism has a negative correlation with central corneal thickness and corneal curvature. Hypermetropia has a positive correlation between CCT and corneal curvature. There is also no significant association between central corneal thickness and corneal curvature in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To understand a collaborative learning model for developing 'training the trainer' courses • To develop training programmes on indigenising systematic reviews to local contexts • To gain insights into adult learning and teaching strategies Background: Developing a workforce with the skills to produce and make judicious use of evidence for policy and practice decisions requires trainers who can tailor evidence and training to policy and practice priorities. Aim: To describe how a collaborative learning model adapted a systematic review course to suit Indian nurse educators and research scholars in the conduct and use of systematic reviews. Discussion: A collaborative learning team of academics and research scholars brought together expertise in nursing education in India, and evidence synthesis in India and the UK. Participants found the course was highly beneficial, enhanced independent and critical thinking, and instilled them with the confidence and skills to deliver such courses to Indian researchers, nurses and other healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Contextualising materials and methods to participants' experiences made learning more relatable. The use of adult learning approaches enabled participants to apply the same approaches when leading training in their own institutions and underpinned long-term sustainable working relationships between facilitators and learners, leading to new studies and new resources to support evidence-informed decision-making. Implications for practice: An educational intervention on 'indigenising systematic reviews' with online collaborative learning can produce improvements in the knowledge and skills of participants. Advantages of this educational approach include its flexibility, active involvement of participants and sustainable partnership building. The principles and methods used could be replicated in any setting to train trainers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation analysis has become an important part of the initial workup of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC) patients. This study is attempted as South Indians population is comprised of ethnic groups with diverse genetic makeup and only very limited data on EGFR mutation is available from south India. A detailed understanding of EGFR mutation profile will help in better planning of treatment strategies and resource allocation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of EGFR mutation frequency in 350 patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of lung and its association with pathological characteristics was done. Results: Out of 350 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, within an age group ranging from 30 to 86 years. EGFR mutations were identified in 34.8% (n = 122) cases, out of which 35.24% (n = 43) were in non-smoker females (P = 0.001). Of the 14 cases with resistant type of EGFR mutations, nine were in smoker males and the remaining five in non-smoker females. Interpretation and Conclusion: Overall EGFR mutation frequency observed in our study was similar to other Indian studies. However, in our study, we observed that mutation in exon 21 was less frequent compared to other studies. A similar slightly increased frequency of rare mutations and double mutations were observed in our study. A detailed study of the molecular epidemiology of lung cancer and its association with different geographical zones of India is needed. This understanding will help in better planning of treatment strategies and resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has always been a nation of villages, and although Indian women are revered as goddesses, their current circumstances are incredibly deplorable. Since the day they were born, they have experienced troubles. Additionally, tradition and custom are hostile to women. Their lives are being improved by several NGOs and the government, but these efforts remain insufficient. The main obstacle to their development and empowerment is education. The reality is that our nation has the highest percentage of illiterate people in the whole globe. Approximately 50% of all adult females in India cannot read or write, and roughly one-third of the country's population is today functionally illiterate. Particularly among women and in rural regions, illiteracy rates are high. Education for women is essential to the overall growth of any nation. Even though gender equality in education is given a lot of attention in India, there is still inequality in access to education. Women have different levels of access to education in rural and urban areas. All of these issues are covered in this essay along with appropriate solutions to the issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin mottling as a clinical perfusion marker in septic shock is significantly associated with severity and outcome in white-skinned population and its validity as a clinical sign in dark-skinned population is not known. The objectives of this study were to evaluate mottling in septic shock in the Indian ethnic population who has different skin color as compared to the white-skinned population and to assess mottling as an outcome predictor with capillary refill time (CRT) and other biochemical parameters which are the established clinical markers of perfusion in septic shock. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with skin color categories 21-34 on the von Luschan scale or Fitzprick type IV-VI who had septic shock needing a high dose of norepinephrine ≥0.2 µg/kg/min after fluid optimization. The study was conducted in a mixed medical-surgical ICU over 12 months. Two blinded experts (a Dermatologist and a plastic surgeon) independently classified the skin type, validated the occurrence of mottling, and scored mottling in our patients. We recorded the demographics, hemodynamic variables, and mottling score and observed the incidence of mottling and its correlation with predictors of the severity of septic shock. We also compared CRT, arterial lactate, central venous oxygen saturation, and venoarterial PCO2 gap with occurrence of mottling in septic shock patients. Results: We included 108 patients with age 61 ± 16 years. Mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores at enrolment were 10.3-21.9, respectively. Incidence of mottling was 20.3% (22/108). CRT >3 seconds was observed in 50.9% (55/108). Development of mottling was significantly associated with 90-day mortality; 20/22 (90.9%) patients died in the mottling group versus 58/86 (65.1%) in the non-mottling group (p = 0.028). Capillary refill time >3 seconds did not corelate with mortality; 40/55 (72.7%) Patients with CRT >3 seconds died versus 32/53 (60.4%) patients died in CRT ≤3 seconds group. Occurrence of mottling could predict mortality; positive predictive value of 90.9% which was comparable to positive predictive value of lactate levels >4 mmol/L, i.e., 94.1%. Conclusion: The incidence of mottling in septic shock is much less in patients of Indian ethnicity with brown skin color than in white-skinned population. Occurrence of mottling and not delayed CRT, is a better predictor of outcome in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the efforts at establishing observatories in India for modern astronomical observations made by aristocrats over the last century or so prior to Indian independence in 1947. The focus of this paper is therefore on three institutions only, the Royal Observatory at Lucknow, Trevandrum Observatory, and Nizamiah Observatory in Hyderabad. This demonstrates that the concept of 'patronage' was alive and well in nineteenth century India, just as it was in Britain, Europe and North America. These observatories primarily were established either to encourage educated Indians to gain a realistic knowledge of Western astronomy, or so that India itself could contribute to that body of research knowledge. One of these institutions, Nizamiah Observatory was India's sole observatory involved in the ambitious international Astrographic Catalogue and Carte du Ciel and Project. It is telling that quite early in its history this Observatory ended up with a university, while this fate later befell Trevandrum Observatory. It is notable that none of the observatories discussed in this paper has survived in its original form through to the present day as a forefront astronomical research facility. Moreover, relatively early in its history Trevandrum Observatory abandoned astronomy and shifted its focus to geomagnetism. Unlike the observatories discussed in the first paper in this series, none of the observatories reviewed in this paper was set up primarily to further Britain's colonial ambitions. All were local Indian initiatives, yet each received support, in one way or another, from British astronomers or observatories--so the colonial link was still there, but only as an underlying element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Boule, DAZLA, and DAZ are members of the Deleted in Azoospermia family of genes, which play signifi- cant roles in gametogenesis and are important fertility factors in humans. In a few studies, deletion of the Y chromosomal DAZ cluster and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DAZLA gene were reported to affect male fertility, although this is paradoxical because they were found in both control and fertile men. As a result, the goal of this study was to check if Y chromosomal DAZ cluster deletion and SNPs in the DAZLA gene on chromosome 3 of humans are associated to male infertility in the population. For computational analysis, different bioinformatics tools such as SIFT, PolyPhen2, Mutation Taster, FATHMM, and PROVEAN were used to analyse mutations. Results Within the studied population, we found no association between DAZ deletion and the most prevalent DAZLA SNPs A260G (rs11710967) and A386G (rs1219183446). We also discovered two new deleterious genetic variations in exon 3 of the DAZLA gene, one nonsynonymous mutation that replaced Valine with Glutamate at the 66 codon position and the other a stop gain mutation at the 74 amino acid position. These genetic changes are found in the RRM domain of the DAZLA gene, which is confirmed by Motif scan analysis and results in a change in the DAZLA protein's secondary structure. The RRM domain is a highly conserved regulatory domain for mRNA transport and translation. Azoospermia and necrospermia infertility phenotypes were shown in infertile male samples with these genotypes. Conclusion We can conclude that further investigation of the aforesaid new mutations in the DAZLA gene may be valuable in understanding their significance in male infertility in different populations due to the multifactorial nature of male infertility and arrays of gene expression required at every stage of spermatogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the clinical, radiological characteristics and outcomes of patients with Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) at 6 months in a cohort of South Indian patients. Methods: We did a prospective study on patients presented to our institute with the symptomatology of IIH. A detailed history regarding headache, visual symptoms were noted. A complete neurological examination including examination of the fundus, CSF opening pressure, MRI brain, and MR cerebral venography were performed for all subjects. The patients were followed-up for 6 months to assess treatment response. Results: We evaluated 49 patients, the majority were females, and 38.7% had grade 1 obesity. Headache was the most common clinical presentation. The most common MRI abnormality was empty sella turcica, noted in 47%. There was a significant positive correlation between CSF opening pressure and headache severity (R2= 0.165, p = 0.018), as well as between CSF opening pressure and the grade of papilledema (R2=0.245, p=0.001). Of the cases, 95% responded to medical management, and three patients of fulminant IIH underwent lumbar-peritoneal shunting. At 6 months, 60% had persistent headaches. Only 8.7% had persistent visual symptoms, and only one had optic atrophy. There was no significant correlation between the follow-up grade of papilledema and the patient's BMI. No significant correlation was found between the amount of weight lost and the improvement in the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score at 6 months. Conclusion: Headache in IIH is multifactorial and a significant cause of disability. The overall prognosis for vision is good. IIH should be suspected in any obese woman with headaches since it is one of the preventable causes of blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome represents aggregation of risk factors associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Assessing its incidence is an effective way for estimating the future burden of DM and ASCVD and understanding their secular trends and effect of public health measures on halting the evolution of risk factors. The present study aimed to estimate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its predictors using a population-based cohort. Methods: A subset of Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study cohort (n = 1023) without diabetes or metabolic syndrome was prospectively evaluated after a mean of 10.7 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined as per International Diabetes Federation criteria and diabetes as per American Diabetes Association standards. The incidence was calculated in 1000 person years, and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the strength of association between incident metabolic syndrome and risk factors. Results: In the followed-up individuals (n = 303), incidence of metabolic syndrome was 32.1 per 1000 person years (95% CI 26.3–38.7 per 1000 person years). Amongst those developing metabolic syndrome, ≥4 components were present in 52% individuals, with low HDL-C being the most common abnormality. Those with metabolic syndrome had a five-time higher risk of diabetes (OR: 4.94; 95% CI: 2.27–9.96; p < 0.001) and a threefold higher risk of hypertension (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.30–5.48; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Asian-Indians have a high incidence rate of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with sedentary lifestyle and consequent central obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the politics of travel by focusing on the composite and overarching genre of adventure within Indian children's literature. Conventionally seen as a boyhood genre, adventure fiction is characterized by home-away-home pattern, where the movement away from home takes the male protagonist away from accustomed safety toward unusual sights, challenges, and experiences. However, using the lens of feminist narratology, this article looks at how Indian texts with feminist orientation in Gujarati and English languages subvert the notion of travel. They do so by replacing the idea of quest with enjoyment, reversing the quest objective, undoing the female/passive plot position, re-defining obstacles as aids, and undoing the gendered opposition between quester and quest object positions. The conclusions advocate harnessing the potential of children's literature as a resource to inculcate newer ways of traveling and un-gendering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing informalisation, nuclearisation of family, inadequate social security for the aged, rising health care cost in many countries imposes some challenges before the elderly people like those in India. In today's world 60+populations are participating in the labour market. In this paper, I have examined the financial conditions of the elderly people in India. In particular, I have focused on the daily real earnings of the elderly people in India in recent years across six different geographical zones. Presence of discrimination that the elderly people are facing in the labour market has also been analysed here. For the purpose of analysis, NSS 68th round (2011-2012) data have been used. Bivariate analysis confirms that North-East Indian 60+populations earn more than their counter parts in all others regions. A negative relation between the daily average real earning and age of the elderly has been noticed in all the geographical zones except the above 75 years for the North-East Indian elderly. Across education level, the elderly who have secondary level of education and above, earn more than primary educated elderly in almost all the zones. Socio-religious identity of the aged depicts that in most of the zones the Muslim elderly earn more that the Hindu upper caste elderly in 2011-2012. Although the North-East Indian elderly are getting highest earnings compared to others but in the labour market they are facing highest discrimination in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an increase in the need for alternate methods of dental age assessment, especially for the forensic age diagnosis of the 18th year of life. This is due to the completion of the third molar development before 18 years or the agenesis or therapeutic extractions of the third molars. The present study aimed to verify whether the secondary dentin formation in lower premolars can be used to determine the completion of the 18th year of life in a sample of South Indian adolescents and young adults. For this purpose, 800 orthopantomograms of 400 male and 400 female South Indian subjects aged 14-22 were evaluated. The characteristics of the secondary dentin formation were determined in all mandibular premolars using the stage classification according to Olze et al (Int J Legal Med 126(4):615-21). The results showed that when stage 3 of secondary dentin formation was reached in the first premolars, the probability of the subject completing the 18th year of life was very high. However, only a few individuals in the studied population were at stage 3. Therefore, proceeding cautiously with this degenerative change in lower premolars is advised due to the higher inter-examiner differences. It is also recommended to use this method in conjunction with other age estimation methods. Further research should investigate other degenerative characteristics in the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women's birthing experience is a sensitive indicator of the quality of childbirth care and can impact the physical and mental health of both women and their neonates. Negligible evidence exists on Indian women's birth experiences and–to the best of authors' knowledge–no questionnaire has been tested in India for measuring women's birthing experiences. This study aimed to test the construct validity and reliability of the Kannada-translated Revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among postnatal women (n = 251, up to six months postpartum, with a live healthy neonate) who had given birth at a public or private health facility using the Kannada-translated CEQ2 in two districts of Karnataka. Data were collected at participants' homes after seeking written informed consent. Model fit was determined by Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Results: The 4-factor model of the CEQ2 showed good fit after deletion of one item (item 8, subcategory "participation") with CMIN = 1.33; SRMR = 0.04; GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.037 and p value 0.002). The Cronbach alpha values were acceptable for the four subscales (0.92, 0.93, 0.97, 0.91) as well as for the overall 21-item scale (0.84). Conclusions: The Kannada-translated CEQ2 is a reliable tool to measure the childbirth experiences among Kannada-speaking women and can serve as a reliable ongoing evaluation of women's birth experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNROME IN YOUNG PATIENTS during COVID ERA Background: Cardiovascular diseases are becoming more prevalent in younger people in India, which is causing a demographic shift in the disease. In the Indian population, there is a dearth of data comparing the different aspects of acute coronary syndrome in young and old patients. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical and angiographic characteristics in both young and elderly individuals. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional observational study which enrolled 90 patients <45 years and 34 patients > 45 years. Comparison of clinical presentation, electrocardiography, echocardiographic findings, conventional and non-conventional risk factors with angiographic findings were made. Results: A total of 90 patients under the age of 45 were enrolled in group 1, and 34 senior patients older than 45 were included in group 2. Mean age in Group 1 and 2 was 39.79 ± 5.15 years and 59.74±8.21 years. Male sex, smoking, family history of CAD, raised lipoprotein was more in younger population. Younger patients were more likely to have single vessel disease, while the elderly were more likely to have multi vessel disease. Conclusion: Younger patients with ACS have a good prognosis with a predominance of SVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an existing debate regarding the use ofcarotidartery intima-media thickness (CIMT) for theearly risk prediction of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the correlation between CIMT and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography as assessed using SYNTAX (synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery) score. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India from June 2021 to May 2022. A total of 100 patients who were suspected to have CAD or having an indication to undergo coronary angiography were included in the study. Baseline clinical and demographic details were recorded. Blood and biochemical investigations were carried out and risk factors for CAD were recorded among all the patients. Carotid ultrasonography was performed to measure CIMT. The correlation between CIMT and the severity of CAD using SYNTAX score was evaluated. Results: Mean age of the study population was 55.89 ± 11 years and males were predominant over females (68% vs. 32%). Mean CIMT was 1.03 ± 0.32 mm and mean SYNTAX score was 16.07 ± 11. A strong positive correlation existed between CIMT and SYNTAX score (r=0.76; p<0.001). CIMT was higher among the patients with double vessel disease (p<0.001) and triple vessel disease (p<0.001) when compared to the patients with no CAD. Conclusion: We found a strong correlation between CIMT and SYNTAX score. Hence, CIMT measurement may be beneficial to diagnose early atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eunuchism was conceptualized as a sacred political duty in Gandhian liberal nationalism. From 1906 to 1948, Gandhi embraced the identity of a 'pure' and 'asexual' eunuch through his brahmacharya experiments to locate the nation on an alternative plane and sought to educate Indians to practice an asexual life for larger cultural liberation based on moral supremacy. This article explores how Gandhi creatively utilized his practice of brahmacharya – often defined as the search for God entailing celibacy – to reinvent the persona of the eunuch. It discusses how he decriminalized and demarginalized eunuchs by collaborating with them conceptually to salvage the colonized (male) self. The article also shows the paradox of Gandhian eunuchism: the exclusion of real eunuchs who were evaluated according to colonial ideas of deviance and immorality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Knee joint problems, such as Osteoarthritis (OA), primarily affect the upper weight-bearing end of the tibia. Total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are commonly performed as treatment options. However, existing studies on morphometric assessment of the knee joint mainly focus on the Western population, with a lack of data among the Indian population. Obtaining such data is crucial for designing tibial components of knee prostheses tailored to the Indian population. Aim: To compare the morphometric data of the upper end of the tibia between the North and East Indian populations. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at FMHS Medical College, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, North India, involving 41 dry tibias, and at Medical College and Hospital Kolkata in East India, involving 43 dry tibias. Measurements of the Anteroposterior (AP) and Transverse Diameters (TD) of the Medial Tibial Condyle (MTC), Lateral Tibial Condyle (LTC), and Total Tibial Condyles (TTC) were performed using digital Vernier callipers with a least count of 0.01 mm. The data was statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 21.0), and Student's t-test was applied, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean TD and AP diameters of the tibial plateau were found to be greater in the East Indian population (TD: 65.47±5.46, AP: 44.29±4.36). In both samples, the AP diameter of MTC (North Indians: 38.30±3.54, East Indians: 40.63±3.46) was greater than that of LTC (North samples: 35.30±3.51, East samples: 35.70±3.96). When comparing parameters between the North and East samples using Student's t-test, significant differences were found on the right-side for the mean AP (p-value=0.0065) and TD (p-value=0.0213) of TTC, mean AP (p-value=0.0006) and TD (p-value=0.0219) of MTC, mean TD of LTC (p-value=0.0002), mean AP (p-value=0.0005) and TD (p<0.0001) of the Intercondylar area at anterior ends, and mean AP (p<0.0001) and TD (p-value=0.0017) of the Intercondylar area at posterior ends. On the left-side, significant differences between the North and East population were found for mean TD of LTC (p-value=0.0348), AP (p<0.0001) and TD (p-value=0.0207) of the Intercondylar area posterior end. When comparing the areas between the North and East populations, significant differences were found on the right-side only for the MTC (p-value=0.0013), LTC (p-value=0.0083), and TTC (p-value=0.0055). Conclusion: There are significant regional variations in the anthropometric measurements of the North and East Indian populations, emphasising the need to develop populationspecific tibial prostheses for improved surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in heart failure, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and patterns of sleep apnea in Asian Indian patients with heart failure. Methods This was a prospective, observational study of consecutive 60 cases of heart failure. All these patients were clinically assessed and evaluated for sleep apnea with sleep study. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was used to determine the severity of sleep apnea. Results In this study of 60 patients, the mean age was 62 ± 8 years, with a higher prevalence of sleep apnea observed in older age groups. There was a male predominance, but it was not statistically significant. Approximately 51.7% of patients had a co-morbidity, with diabetes and hypertension significantly associated with sleep apnea. 43 (71.7%) were found to have sleep apnea, with varying degrees of severity. Central sleep apnea was present in 60.5% of sleep apnea patients, while obstructive sleep apnea was present in 39.5% of patients. Higher NYHA class, atrial fibrillation, higher dyspnea class, and elevated heart rate were significantly associated with sleep apnea. Conclusion Our study identified significant rates of undiagnosed sleep apnea in patients with chronic heart failure, with a higher prevalence of central sleep apnea. Patients with more heart failure symptoms were more susceptible to developing sleep apnea. Routine screening for sleep apnea using polysomnography is crucial in chronic heart failure patients. This comprehensive approach holds promise due to the bidirectional relationship between sleep apnea and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among women demands an in-depth exploration of every possible mechanism through which depressive symptoms may prevail. Identifying any malleable mechanism may open a new pathway through which such symptoms could be targeted. We explored the association between neuroticism, rumination, anxiety, and depressive symptoms and tested a moderated mediation model with anxiety as a mediator in the relationship between neuroticism and depressive symptoms, and rumination as a moderator of the effect of neuroticism on anxiety. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Indian women living in the state of Punjab. A total of 671 adult females responded to the translated versions of standardized questionnaires measuring the relevant constructs. Results: The mean (SD) age of the sample was 23.71 (6.09) years. As hypothesized, anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and depression, and the use of rumination moderated the effect of neuroticism on anxiety. Among women with a high score on neuroticism, those with low ruminating tendencies showed less anxiety and depression than others who scored high on rumination. Conclusion: The findings imply that a reduction in rumination may help women, especially those who are high on neuroticism, manage their vulnerabilities toward anxiety and depressive symptoms. Personality traits being not that malleable, targeting a reduction of rumination usage, which is both a trans-diagnostic factor and a malleable one, can help address the surging prevalence of common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression through appropriately devised interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To socio-culturally adapt and validate a Hindi language version of Ages and Stages Qustionnaire (ASQ-3) in Indian children aged 2–24 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care center between March, 2017 and April, 2019, children "at-risk" for developmental delay of either gender aged 2–24 months. Socio-cultural adaptation was done through interaction among 37 subject experts followed by validation. [After piloting in 20 children, modified ASQ-3 was validated in 568 at-risk children (4 age-groups: 2–7, 7–13, 13–19 and 19–24 months). Validation was done against Development Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII). Results: After screening 654 children, 568 were enrolled. Among these, 420 had developmental delay on DASII while 18 failed to be identified on ASQ-3 (4.3%). Overall sensitivity and specificity of Hindi language Indian-adaptation of ASQ-3 in detecting developmental delay were 95.9% (95%CI: 93.6%–97.5%) and 81.7% (95%CI: 74%–87.9%), respectively with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.6% (95%CI: 92%–96.5%) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 85.6% (95%CI: 78.2%–92.2%). The sensitivity and specificity for motor delay were 96.1% (93.8%–97.7%) and 92.4% (86.4%–96.3%) [PPV: 97.7% (95.8%–98.9%); NPV: 87.7% (81%–92.7%)]. Sensitivity and specificity for mental delay were 95.5% (93.1%–97.2%) and 95.3% (90.1%–98.3%) [PPV: 98.6% (97%–99.5%); NPV: 85.9% (79.1%–91.2%)]. Conclusion: The Hindi language Indian-adaptation of ASQ-3 had good psychometric properties with high sensitivity for developmental delay (95.9%), mental delay (95.5%), and motor delay (96.1%), suggesting it to be a good screening tool for neurodevelopmental delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: To report the scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago to identify areas that need improvement. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of optometrists in Trinidad and Tobago was conducted using a validated self‐structured questionnaire. Data obtained was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive analysis and Pearson χ2 were used to summarize the demographic data and determine associations, respectively. Result: A total of 63 optometrists participated in the study. Majority of them were females (69.8%, n = 44), Christians (65.1%), East Indians (47.6%), and 30 years and below (66.7%). Most (87%) of them utilized routine optometric equipment in their clinical practice including autorefractors, retinoscopes, direct ophthalmoscopes, lensometers, phoropters, slit lamp biomicroscopes, trial lens boxes, and visual acuity chart projectors. A few of them have noncontact tonometer (4.8%), Volk lenses (1.6%), and perform color vision tests (1.6%). Fewer (12.7%, n = 8) practitioners provided low‐vision services. The use of pharmaceutical agents was prevalent among the participants (55.6%). Additionally, the provision of contact lenses was the most frequently practiced service among the participants (85.7%, n = 54). A significant association was observed between the provision of low‐vision services and sex (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago is in accordance with the basic guidelines set out by the World Council of Optometry but there is need to get more involved in the provision of low vision and other specialty services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) affects millions of people in India and the global weather and climate. The teleconnections that affect this variation are not stable. The recent four decades of the second dominant mode of ISM rainfall show a unique north-south tripole pattern, with above-normal rainfall in the north and peninsular India sandwiching suppressed rainfall in central-east India. The pattern relates to extending the Indo-Pacific warm-pool's warmer sea-surface temperature (SST) towards the south of the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean. Most of the time, this warming and the extension of the warm-pool's warmer SST are associated with La Niña events, which activate more in situ vigorous convection. The Rossby-gyres generated west of the equatorial heating increase the tropospheric height over north India, shifting and strengthening the Tibetan High northwards, facilitating heavy rainfall in the north. Meanwhile, the more vigorous convection south of the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean produces compensatory subsidence over central-east India, suppressing rainfall. The northern hemispheric Rossby-gyres brings anomalous cyclonic circulation over peninsular India, producing excess rainfall. Also, the dipole pressure anomaly between the northwest Pacific and south tropical Indian Ocean generates anomalous lower-level easterly winds over the Bay of Bengal. It supplies excess moisture to the north India convections. The co-occurrence of the active Atlantic intertropical convergence zone supports this tripole rainfall pattern. This teleconnection could further be examined in climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of a prospective cohort of children with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Children admitted with clinical features suggestive of meningitis along with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia during the period of 14 years (2008 to 2021) were included. Their baseline characteristics, epidemiologic associations, and treatment outcomes were analyzed and compared with the previous studies. We identified 25 children (13 males) satisfying the inclusion criteria. The median age at presentation was 3.9 years (range 0.8 to 17 years); 68% were aged less than two years. Fourteen (56%) children had a history of exposure to snails. Most of them presented with fever, headache, irritability, lateral rectus palsy, and early papilledema. Symptoms started three to 42 days (median duration: 14 days) before admission to our center. All children had peripheral eosinophilia, which ranged from 9% to 41%. The mean CSF white blood cell count was 416/mm3 (range 50 to 1245 cells/mm3) with CSF eosinophilia ranging from 11% to 80%. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was done in 24 children and was normal in 15 (62.5%). Leptomeningeal enhancement was seen in two (8.3%) children, and other nonspecific changes were noted in seven (29.1%) children. All children recovered without any neurological deficits with a standard treatment regimen of albendazole and oral steroids. All were asymptomatic at the last follow-up. None of them had any recurrence during the follow-up period. We report one of the largest clinical series of children with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis from an endemic area of South India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change debates have helped frame vegetarianism as a conscientious choice across the globe and also projected India as a shining example of vegetarianism. Before this Euro-American vegetarians had long romanticized India as an ideal vegetarian society, and have assumed it to be based on progressive ethics. This article challenges such assumptions and complicates the Euro-American association of vegetarian dietary preferences with the ethical concerns of virtue, animal welfare, and sustainability. We contend that neither is India a vegetarian society nor is mainstream vegetarianism in contemporary India based on progressive ethics. We use in-depth interviews and extensive news reports to show that vegetarianism in India is a majoritarian political ideology associated with caste-based discrimination and violence, making it inimical to notions of non-violence, equality, and freedom. Majoritarian vegetarianism in contemporary India aims to conserve the caste system and its attendant inequalities. This study traces the ideological and repressive state apparatuses through which the fantasy and norms of vegetarianism are propped up in contemporary India. We argue that an uncritical acceptance of mainstream vegetarianism in contemporary India as a benevolent cultural preference whitewashes its discriminatory and violent nature, helps the caste system persist, and can undermine the well-being and nutritional outcomes of a majority of the Indian population especially those from non-elite social groups that have historically been omnivorous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social cohesion holds significant importance within immigrant communities, providing them with a sense of belonging to a group of people who share many similarities while they are adapting to an unfamiliar environment. This article explores social cohesion in the Indian community in Vietnam through the primary method of surveying and in-depth interviews. The authors believe that the Indian community in Vietnam currently is not closely connected, but that its members show a certain dependence on and trust in the members of the community. Regarding cohesion methods, the article explores the main methods of engagement, such as participation in community activities, in the activities of representative organisations, and in interactive groups on social media. In all three ways it is undeniable that Indians living in Vietnam have made efforts to stick together and unite, but the results have not really been what they wanted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the accuracy of World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard in under-5 year Indian children, and identify a method to contextualize the WHO standard for India. Participants: Data of Healthy children, defined by WHO selection criteria, extracted from nationally representative Indian surveys (National Family Health Surveys, NFHS-3, NFHS-4, NFHS-5 and Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, CNNS). Design: Height for age z score (HAZ) and weight for age z score (WAZ) and weight for height z score (WHZ) distributions in healthy sample were compared against the standard normal. If deviant, age-specific correction factors for z scores were estimated by hierarchical linear mixed effects mean and variance polynomial models. A new term, excess mean risk of growth faltering (EMRGF), was introduced to describe growth faltering. Main outcome: Measure of deviation of HAZ, WAZ and WHZ from standard normal distribution. Correction of WHO growth standards for India leading to accurate prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting in Indian children using NFHS-5 data. Results: Data on 10,384 healthy under-5 year children were extracted, of which 5377 were boys. Across surveys and metrics, the mean z scores were significantly lower than zero (−0.52 to −0.79). HAZ and WHZ variability (1.16, 1.07) were significantly higher than 1. Derived age-specific corrections reduced the NFHS-5 prevalence of growth faltering by 50%. The national EMRGF (after applying the age-specific correction) for height for age was 15.5% (95%CI:15.3–15.8), and weight for age was 15.0% (95%CI:14.8–15.3), respectively, in NFHS-5. Conclusion: The WHO growth standards need contextual customization for accurate estimation of the burden of growth faltering in under-5 year children in India. When corrected, the burden of growth faltering is lower, by half or more, in all the three indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is one of the primary occupation and main source of livelihood for the people in India, but it faces many challenges. In the backdrop of climatic changes like floods, drought, market volatility and widespread poverty in rural areas, livelihood security of the farmers is at stake. To improve it, the NGO's pick up causes that are so niche and accurately map-up expectations of the people to understand the local realities. The Shri Kshethra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project (SKDRDP) as an NGO has pivotal role in securing the livelihood of farmers through various programs and many services in the rural areas. The study has been conducted in Dakshina Kannada and Kolar district of Karnataka state. A total of 180 beneficiaries were selected from Karnataka state during 2022-23. This research aimed to explain the livelihood security and explore the various constraints encountered by SKDRDP beneficiaries and provide necessary suggestions. It was found that significant portion (33.89%) of beneficiaries have better livelihood security followed by average (33.33%) level of livelihood security. The better livelihood is due to the multifaceted approach undertaken by SKDRDP through financial support, knowledge and capacity building programs through SHG make them to found more opportunities in securing better income inturn the livelihood security. The major constraints faced by farmers are lack of proper market access with a garret score of 66.61, lack of awareness about SKDRDP interventions with a Garret score of 64.00, non-suitability of training timings with a garret score of (62.68), lack of timely access to the interventions (61.28). Major suggestions expressed by beneficiaries are repayment of the loan can be made biweekly/monthly as expressed by 85.00 per cent of beneficiaries, marketing facilities need to be concentrated more which was expressed by 83.89 per cent of beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the prevalence of childhood obesity in India and the associated health consequences. It emphasizes the need for understanding and addressing this issue, as obesity is a significant driver of noncommunicable diseases and poses an economic burden on health systems globally. The article presents data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Indian children, projecting an increase in prevalence by 2035. It also discusses the methods used to diagnose childhood obesity and the limited prevalence data available for preschool children. The article highlights the importance of screening, effective management, and measures related to sustaining weight loss in addressing childhood obesity in India. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach involving various stakeholders, including nutrition education, promotion of healthy eating practices, and regulation of unhealthy food marketing to children. The article also raises concerns about the underestimation of childhood overweight and obesity by the World Obesity Atlas. [Extracted from the article]

The gut microbiome has trillions of bacteria which play an important role in human health and disease. Several animal and human studies have shown that dysbiosis, microbial imbalance as the causative factor in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Significant research evidence demonstrates that changes in the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes has been associated with obesity, but this has been recently challenged. Similar studies were carried out in several populations, however, there are no such studies, to date, among Asian Indians. We aimed to examine the usefulness of gut microbiome testing in developing personalized diet for managing obesity. In this study, we selected individuals, generally healthy, free- living adults, both men and women with BMI 25-40 kg/m2 and with previous history of failures at weight loss who visited a Weight Loss Clinic, based in Coimbatore, India & were offered a gut microbiome test. We included 54 individuals in the intervention group who received personalized dietary advice for weight loss based on the gut microbiome test and another set of 52 individuals visiting the same clinic were included in the comparison group based on their age, height, weight and BMI who received generic diet. A statistically significant increase in the Bacteroidetes genus was observed in the personalized nutrition group (p = .04). The change (delta) values in gut microbiome composition in personalized nutrition group were significantly higher at the end of 120 days. Gut microbiome-based personalized microbiome modulation through diet significantly improves gut microbiome profiles among obese individuals. We would further need studies with larger sample size to validate these study findings and long-term follow-up are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) can be influenced by environmental factors such as solar exposure/occupational factors and genetic factors. The study aims to assess the association of lifetime ocular UV exposure and its impact on the risk of development of XFS. All eligible subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular examination. XFS was defined as precipitates on the pupillary border, cornea, and angle of anterior chamber or lens in at least one eye without any clinical signs of glaucoma. A standardised questionnaire was administered to assess the lifetime UV exposure. Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) photography was taken to detect the conjunctival changes with exposure to UV radiation. Ascorbic acid concentration in the aqueous humour was measured. A total of 404 subjects of which 274 (controls) and 130 (XFS cases) were studied. There were 204 males (50.5%) and 200 females (49.5%).Lifetime UV exposure (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.30, p: 0.032), CUVAF damage (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, p: 0.008) and outdoor worker (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.18–3.00, p: 0.008) were positively associated with XFS. Usage of spectacles (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, p: 0.030) and ascorbic acid concentration in aqueous (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.99, p: 0.038) were found to be protective against XFS. Besides genetic factors, environmental factors such as lifetime ocular UV exposure and outdoor work are significantly associated with the risk of XFS. CUVAF can be used as a non-invasive tool to detect preclinical sun damage in outdoor workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of Position-Specific Physiotherapy Training on Agility, Speed endurance, and Balance in Indian Football Players. Around 70 football players were approached of which 48 gave consent to participate, and further 30 players sufficing inclusion criteria were recruited. They were divided into three groups, Forwards (Group A, n = 10), Defenders (Group B, n = 10), and Control (Group C, n = 10), according to their On-field Position. These participants underwent Position Specific Physiotherapy Training for 4 weeks. Significant improvement was noted in the Agility of Group A (p ≤ 0.001) and Group B (p ≤ 0.001) as compared to Group C (p = 0.071). Speed Endurance improved for Group A (p ≤0.001) and Group B (p ≤ 0.001) as compared to Group C (p = 0.111). Fatigue Index of Group A (p ≤ 0.001) and Group B (p ≤ 0.001) improved significantly as compared to Group C (p = 0.383). The Balance of Group A (p = 0.0063) and Group B (p = 0.0019) improved significantly as compared to Group C (p = 0.0632). Position-Specific Physiotherapy Training was found to be effective in improving Agility, Speed endurance, and Balance ability of the Indian Football Players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a comparative study designed to find any significant relationship that may exist between prosociality, intolerance of uncertainty, and religiosity while examining the respective gender differences. The variables were assessed using standardised instruments. The sample size consisted of 188 Indian adults (males: 46.28%, females: 53.72%) between the ages of 18 and 30 who identified as Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, or Jain. Results indicated that there is a significant relationship between prosociality and religiosity; however, no significant relationship was found between intolerance of uncertainty and religiosity or intolerance of uncertainty and prosociality. There were significant gender differences as well, demonstrating that women are more prosocial. Furthermore, women scored higher on a few of the dimensions of religiosity that are discussed below. There were no significant gender differences in the domain of intolerance of uncertainty. This study adds to the body of knowledge by investigating how the respective variables correlate with one another. More research is needed to improve our understanding of the variables' interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived discrimination is often theorized within a bounded social context, and much of this literature focuses on how structural and socioeconomic factors shape minorities' perceptions of discrimination. However, immigrants exist in varied social contexts given their exposure to both home and destination countries. In this study, we propose a relational framework to understand how stratification systems in one's country of origin and relative group evaluations in new social contexts interact to shape experiences with perceived discrimination for immigrant groups. As a case study, we draw on an original, representative survey (N = 501) and follow-up interviews (N = 58) with Indian immigrants living in Atlanta and Philadelphia. Although respondents report a range of explicit to subtle discriminatory experiences, they often downplay or minimize them. We argue that interpreting these experiences relationally—in relation to Indians' perceptions of discrimination abroad and toward other U.S. minority groups—is key to explaining this puzzle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In India, the predominant way of tobacco consumption is by smoking cigarettes, which is a vital risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease, which in turn is affected by abnormality in the lipid profile. Aim: To evaluate the alteration in the serum lipid profile between young smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 148 participants, who were divided into light (n = 25), moderate (n = 25), heavy (n = 24) smokers ("S" group), and nonsmokers ("NS" group, n = 74). Along with demographic data, blood samples were collected after overnight fasting under aseptic conditions. The samples were centrifuged and the lipid profile estimation of substances including serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were performed. Independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were employed for statistical analysis, considering P ≤.05 as significant. Results: The mean years of smoking were 7.91 ± 4.67 years and average cigarettes smoked per day were 13.43 ± 6.66. The inter-group difference in the lipid profiles were significant (P <.001). An increasing trend of mean cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with regard to lower to higher smoking index, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly showed decreasing trend with regard to lower to higher smoking index (P <.001). Conclusion: The present study reported abnormal lipid level in smokers in comparison to the nonsmokers, with the amount and duration of smoking also influencing dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on wartime journalism and nonfiction, this article analyses how nationalist Indians made sense of the war's political and moral causes and goals, and how such understandings shaped the war's longer historical resonance in India. The article centres on the wartime publications of the writer and journalist Dosabhai Framji Karaka, juxtaposing them with those of his colleagues in the nationalist newspaper, the Bombay Chronicle. Tracing the unfolding of the war through Karaka's eyes, the article delineates the acute dilemma that the Second World War posed for nationalist Indians, between the struggle for liberation from colonial rule and the global struggle against fascism. It suggests that contemporaries perceived this dilemma as a choice between nationalism and internationalism. The war dealt a severe blow to the more fluid and capacious political imagination of interwar leftist internationalism, espoused by Jawaharlal Nehru and his followers. While substantial scholarly attention has been paid to the interwar period, this article puts a spotlight on the war, especially the pivotal year of 1942, as a distinct period that should be understood on its own historical terms—terms specific to war, with the urgency that arose from horrendous violence, unpredictable outcomes of battles on multiple fronts, and existential threats to nations and the global order. Such unprecedented pressures and constraints bifurcated the range of possibilities and forced historical actors to make difficult choices. The article shows how, during 1942, Karaka's position parted ways with that of his peers, who more steadfastly represented the Congress stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The size and shape of the adult corpus callosum (CC) may vary with gender. There is, however, less literature available on data involving the morphometry of CC among the Indian population. Aims and Objectives: To measure the size of CC using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of normal Indian adult females and males and identify genderrelated differences, if any. Materials and Methods: The dimensions of CC were measured on MRI scans on a midsagittal section view belonging to 150 (59 females, 91 males) normal Indian adults (North India) using e-measurement tools. The measurements included the maximum length and height of CC, the thickness of various parts of CC, the CC index (CCI), and the distance of CC from the frontal and occipital poles of the cerebral hemisphere. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George’s Medical University, U.P., Lucknow, India. The data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences, 23rd version. Means were compared for significant differences using the independent unpaired t-test. Results: The mean length of the CC was found to be 6.94±0.63 cm; mean height was 2.57±0.43 cm; the mean thickness of the genu was 9.16±2.26 mm; the mean thickness of the body was 5.09±0.99 mm; the mean thickness of splenium was 9.10±2.22 mm; the mean distance from the frontal pole was 3.66±0.35 cm; the mean distance from the occipital pole was 5.70±0.74 cm; and the mean CCI calculations showed to be 3.37±0.56. All measurements were found to be greater in males as compared to females except mean height (males 2.56±0.47 cm; females 2.59±0.37 cm) and mean thickness of the body (males 5.04±0.94 mm; females 5.17±1.06 mm). A statistically significant difference was observed in the distance of CC from the frontal pole in our population with respect to gender (P=0.03). Conclusion: Based on observations made in the study, normative data of CC measurements was generated, and it was found that there was no significant gender-related difference in the morphology of CC; the only significant difference was in the distance of the genu from the frontal pole, which was greater in females as compared to males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the association between self-managed abortion and the self-reported experience of abortion complications in India, a country with a high incidence of self-managed abortion.Patients and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional multivariable logistic regression analysis of data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) of 2015– 2016 to compare the odds of self-reported complications experienced during abortion between self-managed and clinician-managed abortions in India.Results: On average, self-managed abortions occurred earlier in gestation than clinician-managed abortions, 7.8 weeks and 11.3 weeks, respectively (p < 0.001). Self-managed abortion was associated with fewer self-reported abortion-related complications than clinician-managed abortions when adjusted for covariates not including gestational age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69, 0.97). However, once adjusted for gestational age, there was no longer a clinically meaningful or statistically significant difference in the odds of self-reported complications between self-managed and clinician-managed abortions (aOR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.81, 1.18).Conclusion: These findings suggest that people in India are using safe methods to self-manage abortions and support the hypothesis that self-managed abortion can improve access to abortion and reproductive choice without increasing risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economy and the financial sector have suffered due to the COVID-19 epidemic. The banking industry has seen an increase in digital channels and payments, consumer behavior changes, regulatory and supervisory relief, and new operational resilience challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, seniors have had to adopt new channels and technologies instead of traditional cash and traditional channels. However, older people in India are not tech-savvy and avoid e-banking. Thus, stakeholders (e.g., bank authorities, governments) must focus on variables affecting the older population's use of e-banking to reduce financial isolation. Thus, this study uses an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework to examine senior citizens' intentions to use e-banking. Data from "456" senior citizens from central India were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques. The study identified different significant predictors (e.g., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived risk, self-efficacy, perceived trust, and anxiety) of older users' intention to use e-banking post-COVID-19. This is the first study from central India to determine elderly people's intention to use online banking during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will help bank authorities and other stakeholders increase senior citizens' financial inclusion in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]