Search

One of the main phytosanitary problems in blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) crops in Ecuador is the fungus Botrytis cinerea that causes gray mold disease. The objective of this study was to determine the antagonistic capacity of four fungi against the pathogen B. cinerea. To carry out this research, two endophytic blackberry microorganisms were isolated (Clonostachys sp. and Alternaria sp.) and strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma sp. belonging to the INIAP´s collection were used. The dual culture technique was used. The Bell scale was used to assess antagonism and the percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth was calculated for the antagonistic effect. T. asperellum y Trichoderma sp. grade I on the Bell scale, where the antagonist fungus inhibited the growth of B. cinerea by 75.1% and 73.7% respectively; while the isolate of Clonostachys sp. obtained grade II and despite its slow growth, it was observed that its spores parasitize the sclerotia of B. cinerea. On the other hand, the isolate of Alternaria sp. was located in grade III, consequently it was not efficient to avoid the growth of the pathogenic fungus., Uno de los principales problemas fitosanitarios en los cultivos de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) del Ecuador es el hongo Botrytis cinerea causante de la enfermedad del “moho gris”. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la capacidad antagónica de cuatro hongos frente al patógeno B. cinerea. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se aislaron dos microorganismos endófitos del cultivo de mora (Clonostachys sp. y Alternaria sp.) y se utilizaron aislados de Trichoderma asperellum y Trichoderma sp. de la colección de INIAP. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivos duales. Se utilizó la escala de Bell para evaluar el antagonismo y se calculó el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial para el efecto antagónico. T. asperellum y Trichoderma sp. alcanzaron el grado I en la escala de Bell, donde el antagonista inhibió el crecimiento de B. cinerea en un 75.1% y 73.7% respectivamente; mientras que el aislado de Clonostachys sp. alcanzó el grado II y se observó que sus esporas parasitaron los esclerocios de B. cinerea. Por otro lado, el asilado de Alternaria sp. se ubicó en grado III, lo cual no se consideró eficiente para inhibir el crecimiento del hongo patógeno.

Satellite instrument change in orbit during a mission lifetime can result in significant error for absolute radiance sensor calibrations. Polarization (POL) response, out-of-band signal rejection (OOB), and relative spectral response (RSR) are important contributors to understanding calibration error, yet no existing systems can conduct all of these diagnostics while a sensor is in space. In this presentation, a system under development is described that enables new diagnostic analyses of radiometers while they are in orbit by propagating a laser beam from the ground. While the system is not expected to provide high accuracy (

The Andean blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus) is very important for the farmers, since they must implement cultural practices that allow reducing the use of synthetic pesticides. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different technological alternatives for the control of Botrytis sp. in the blackberry crop. The treatments were: 1: Absolute control (silwet+water), 2: Traditional chemical treatment (Carbendazim), 3: Mirtaceae extract (Iridium®), 4: Bacterial metabolite (Balus®) and 5: Trichoderma spp. (Tricomix®). The applications were carried out every 15 days for the synthetic product and every 8 days for the biologicals, organic and the control. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with 3 repetitions and Tukey test at 5% were made. The studied variables were botrytis incidence (%), yield (g/plot), weight (g), polar and equatorial diameter (mm), firmness (N), total soluble solids (Brix), titratable acidity (% citric acid) and pH (log H+). Throughout a weekly incidence analysis, it was possibly to identify that the Carbendazim, Trichoderma spp. and mirtaceae extract had a better control in the incidence of Botrytis sp. in the blackberry fruit., El cultivo de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus) es de mucha importancia para los agricultores ya que deben implementar prácticas culturales que permitan reducir el uso de pesticidas sintéticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes alternativas tecnológicas para el control de Botrytis sp. en el cultivo de mora de castilla. Los tratamientos fueron 1: Testigo absoluto (silwet + agua), 2: Fungicida tradicional sintético (Carbendazim), 3: Extracto de mirtáceas (Iridium®), 4: Metabolitos bacterianos (Balus®) y 5: Trichoderma spp. (Tricomix®). Las aplicaciones se realizaron cada 15 días para el producto sintético y cada 8 días los biológicos, orgánicos y el testigo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA) con 3 repeticiones y un total de 10 unidades experimentales. Las variables estudiadas del fruto fueron: incidencia de Botrytis sp. (%), rendimiento (g/parcela), peso (g), diámetro polar y ecuatorial (mm), firmeza (N), sólidos solubles totales (Brix), acidez (% ácido cítrico) y pH (log H+). Se realizó un análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey al 5%. A partir de un análisis de incidencia semanal, se identificó que Carbendazim, Trichoderma spp. y extracto mirtáceas tuvieron un control en la incidencia de Botrytis sp. en el fruto de mora de castilla.