Search

The inevitable development of chemoresistance and unmanageable side effects are the major therapeutic challenges in management of breast cancer imposing an urgent need for identification of novel therapeutic agents. In the present investigation, we report anti-proliferative activity of chloroform fraction of

The present study was conducted on Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. bark methanol extract to evaluate antiproliferative and antioxidant studies along with presence of total phenolic contents. These interferences were accomplished by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation assay, radical scavenging assay (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulfonate) and Folin-Ciocalteau reagent method. Results obtained demonstrated that A. cadamba bark methanol extract shown significant antiproliferative activity (IC50=319±4.98 μg/ml) against human cervical cancer cells as compared with standard cisplatin (IC50=5.6±0.52 μg/ml) drug. The high antiradical activity demonstrated by extract against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) free radicals was compared with standards ascorbic acid, quercetin and rutin. The high amount of total phenolic contents showed phytochemical potency of A. cadamba. The antiproliferative activity of A. cadamba bark methanol extract may be due to induction of apoptosis which is credited to the phenolic contents. Therefore, further in depth studies are needed to scrutinize the molecular based mechanism involved in antiproliferative activity of A. cadamba bark along with isolation and identification of active principles.

Isolated pleural effusion is a very rare presentation of malignant melanoma. A 46 year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of shortness of breath during the previous month. A contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging scan of his thorax showed right-sided pleural effusion with the absence of any mass lesion or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Cytology of his pleural fluid showed pigmented cells suggestive of malignant melanoma. Staining of the pleural fluid cells with immunohistological markers for melanoma (HMB 45 and S 100) were positive. An examination of his skin did not reveal any pigmented lesion, nor was there a past history of malignant melanoma for this patient. The patient responded well to therapy for malignant melanoma and has remained asymptomatic for the last year. This patient was diagnosed with a rare case of primary malignant melanoma of the pleura presenting as isolated pleural effusion.

Introduction: Amplification of airway inflammation and its destruction due to oxidative stress is a major step in the pathogenesis of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD). Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) may be quantified to evaluate the airway inflammation and oxidative stress in such patients. Objectives: To assess the disease severity of COPD and treatment response by measuring eCO as a biomarker. Materials and Methods: COPD patients diagnosed according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guidelines and healthy individuals as controls were selected. One hundred and fifty patients with COPD and 125 controls were included in the study. Participants were further subdivided on the basis of their smoking habits. Clinical examinations and spirometry were done to diagnose COPD by following the standard protocol. eCO was measured using a piCO + Smokerlyzer (Breath CO Monitor, Bedfont Scientific Ltd., Kent, UK). It was a single-center cross-sectional study. Results: Mean (± standard error of mean) CO levels in ex-smokers with COPD were higher (5.21 ± 1.546 ppm; P < 0.05) than in nonsmoking controls (1.52 ± 0.571 ppm) but were lower than in current smokers with COPD (12.55 ± 4.514 ppm; P < 0.05). eCO levels were higher in current smokers with COPD (12.55 ± 4.514 ppm; P < 0.05) compared to healthy smokers (9.71 ± 5.649). There was a negative correlation between eCO and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in COPD (r = −0.28; P < 0.05). The mean eCO level was decreased (6.291–4.332; P < 0.001) with improvement in lung function (FEV1 38.75%–50.65%: P < 0.05) after treatment with inhaled steroid. Conclusion: Our study concludes that quantification of eCO level in COPD varies with different grades of airway obstruction and to measure the treatment response. Measuring the level of eCO can be used to assess the indirect assessment of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and severity of airway obstruction in COPD patients.

The authors present the case of a young child with “fou rire prodromique” as an initial manifestation of pontine tuberculoma. This report is the first description of fou rire prodromique as the presenting sign of CNS tuberculosis. The combination of clinical information and CT findings allowed for precise localization of the lesion and suggested tuberculoma as the possible etiology.

6580 Background: Functional decline in cancer patients impacts quality of life and overall survival. Increasing attention has been focused on cancer rehabilitation in survivors, largely in the outpatient setting. Beaumont Health System has shifted its focus to include the acute setting by developing an inpatient cancer rehabilitation unit (IPCR) to improve the comprehensive care of patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients admitted to IPCR from January 1 - December 31, 2016 for the following: demographics, length of stay (LOS), function independence measure (FIM) gain and efficiency, discharge location, and primary tumor type. Results: IPCR had 117 inpatient admissions; 98 (83.7%) were solid malignancies while 19 (16.3%) were benign hematological disorders and hematological malignancies. Of the 98 patients with solid malignancies, 22 (22.4%) patients had breast cancer, 22 (22.4%) had gastrointestinal cancers, 5 (5.1%) had gynecological cancers, 23 (23.5%) had lung cancer, 8 (8.2%) had CNS malignancies, 11 (11.2%) had other cancers, and 7 (7.2%) had prostate cancer with 81.6% of patients having metastatic disease. Among the hematological malignancies, lymphoma was diagnosed in 11 (57.9%) patients while 3 (15.9%) each had multiple myeloma and leukemia. The mean age of the patients was 68 years and 59% were female. The average LOS was 8.6 days. The mean admission total FIM was 66.7 ±12.8 and discharge total FIM was 87.3 ±16.1. The total improvement in FIM was 20.6 ±13.8 with FIM efficiency of 2.9. There were 21 (18%) patients transferred back to acute care units for decompensation, 7 (6%) went to subacute rehabilitation, 1 (0.85%) went to hospice while 87 (74.3%) were discharge to their homes upon completion of IPCR. Conclusions: Our focused rehabilitation was able to decrease the LOS, well above the 90th percentile Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) benchmark and other prior studies, as well as enable patients to safely return home with improved FIM. Creating an IPCR unit proved to be beneficial, allowing for more comprehensive and individualized care, even in the setting of advanced malignancies.

Myelomatous pleural effusion is a very rare presentation of multiple myeloma. A 65-year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of dyspnea and left-sided chest pain. His contrast enhanced computed tomography of the thorax showed left-sided pleural effusion with multiple pleural nodules. His pleural fluid cytology shows malignant plasma cells with eccentric nuclei and cart wheel chromatin and a few cells showing binucleation and multinucleation suggestive of plasma cell myeloma. His pleural fluid and serum electrophoresis showed a distinct band in the gamma globulin region (M-spike). On immunofixation of pleural fluid and serum, immunoglobulin G lambda light chain band was detected. Bone marrow aspiration showed sheets of malignant plasma cells with large and binucleated cells suggestive of multiple myeloma. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma presenting as myelomatous pleural effusion. Intercostal tube drainage and then pleurodesis with talc was performed.

Light chain multiple myeloma occurs in 20% of multiple myeloma cases. Extramedullary dissemination of multiple myeloma is rare and involvement of pleura by it is even more rare. A 40 years old female patient presented with complains of recurrent vomiting for last 2 months and cough with expectoration for last 1 week. Chest X-Ray (PA view) showed a rounded homogenous opacity in mid zone of left lung field. CECT (thorax) showed pleura based soft tissue density mass lesions overlying apicoposterior segment of left upper lobe and lingular lobe with lytic destruction of underlying 2nd rib. Ultrasound scan of abdomen was normal. CT guided FNAC from soft tissue mass lesion of left side revealed atypical plasma cells, some of them were binucleate and few appear pleomorphic. Bone marrow aspiration showed 20% atypical plasma cells. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a thin discrete band in gamma globulin region, while serum immunofixation electrophoresis showed presence of lambda light chain band only, with absence of kappa band, IgG band, IgM band and IgA band. Patient was diagnosed as a case of lambda light chain multiple myeloma with extramedullary dissemination to pleura presenting as pleural mass.

Context: Recurrent pneumothorax is common in cavitory pulmonary tuberculosis, but it is extremely rare in miliary tuberculosis. Case Report: A 25 year old female patient presented to us with the complains of shortness of breath since 3 days. She was also having fever and cough since 3 months. Chest roentgenogram (PA view) on admission showed a left sided pneumothorax with miliary mottling. An intercostals tube drainage was done on the left side resulting in relief of symptoms. Two days post intercostals tube drainage chest X ray (PA view) showed complete resolution of pneumothorax, and intercostals tube was removed. Patient was discharged on antitubercular drugs. After 1 month patient again presented to us with severe breathlessness, on repeat chest X ray pneumothorax again developed on left side, urgent intercostals tube drainage was done, and patient relieved immediately. Patient was kept in the hospital for 12 days and, and was discharged after intercostals tube removal. Conclusion: If a patient of miliary tuberculosis presents with shortness of breath diagnosis of pneumothorax should be considered.

Aims and objectives: To know the incidence of Zeequn Nafas (Bronchial Asthma) in the patients of different temperaments at Govt. Nizamia General Hospital and College, Charminar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Methodology: Ninety (90) individuals of both the sexes were included in the study between the ages of 20 to 60 years. The duration of the study was 4 months. The eligible individuals were selected randomly on the basis of clinical symptoms, examinations and who were taking bronchodilator drugs. Then their temperaments were assessed by the pre-structured proforma based on Ajnas-e-Ashra. To assess the amount of fat in the body “Slim Guide Skin fold caliper” was used to measure the skin fold thickness at biceps between the proximal end of radius bone and acromion process. To assess the amount of muscle (Lahm), mid upper arm circumference is measured with tailors tape. Lastly on the basis of total score of Ajnas-e-Ashra (10 determinants), a particular Mizaj was assigned to the patient. Results: The study revealed that 40% have Balghami (Phlegmatic) temperament, 34% have Damvi temperament (Sanguineous) temperament followed by 15 % in Safravi (Choleric) and lowest in Saudavi (Melancholic) individuals respectively. Conclusion: On the basis of above results it can be concluded that this disease is more common in Balghami Mizaj persons Females are found to be more prone to develop this disease.

Theoretical investigations conducted for the Ge tunnel diode integrated rectangular patch antenna reveals that such an antenna exhibits frequency tunability with bias voltage. The Ge tunnel diode loaded patch can be operated in the millimetre range (53.517–56.4615GHz). The range of frequency obtainable for operation is 2944.5MHz. The radiation pattern shows variation with the bias voltage, and radiated power beamwidth and directivity vary inversely with bias voltage. Thus, the Ge tunnel diode loaded patch can be used to achieve electronic tuning (BW = 5.355%) with the bias voltage.

Theoretical investigation conducted on microstrip antenna with ferrite substrate reveals that wide frequency tunabillty can be achieved with biasing magnetic field along with good circular polarized radiation. The tunability range upto 22% is achieved with biasing magnetic field from 3100-6000- amp/cm for satisfactory operation of the antenna for which the VSWR remains within acceptable limits.

The current voltage characteristics of Josephson junctions at finite temperatures under microwave irradiation are simulated in the resistively, capacitively, inductively shunted junction (RCLSJ) model including white noise. The simulated results as function of microwave power clearly show the appearance of Shapiro steps. It is shown that higher steps are suppressed for low microwave amplitudes. The rounding of the Shapiro steps observed experimentally has been reproduced by taking noise into consideration in RCLSJ model.

Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is an extremely rare vascular disease. It is usually secondary to intravenous drug abuse, prolonged central venous catheterization or deep head-neck infections or trauma. Associated malignancies are uncommon and not well documented in the etiology of IJV thrombosis. A 25-year-old male presented with complains of neck swelling on left side for last 1 month and shortness of breath for last 10 days with no ear or nose complain. Examination of his neck showed swelling along the anterior border of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. An ultrasound scan of the neck and CECT neck revealed left IJV thrombosis. CECT thorax showed anterior mediastinal mass which on biopsy comes out to be non Hodgkin lymphoma. IV heparin was given for IJV thrombosis and patient was referred to radiotherapy department for further treatment.

Wrightia tinctoria Roxb. (R.Br.) is an Ayurvedic remedy, ethnomedically used in the treatment of various ailments. The present work was carried out to evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant activity as well as total phenolic and phytochemical contents of W. tinctoria bark methanolic extract (WTBM) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector. Antiproliferative activity of WTBM was evaluated against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation, and Hoechst staining. In addition, the antioxidant potential was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2,2- azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay. Total phenolic content was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results demonstrated that WTBM exhibited significant antiproliferative effect against MDA-MB-231 (IC 50 = 88.9 ± 1.27 μg/ml) and MCF-7 (IC 50 = 45.71 ± 7.74 μg/ml) cancer cells in time- and dose-dependent manner. WTBM significantly suppresses colony formation and induces apoptosis in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells as evident by morphological assessment, clonogenic assay, and Hoechst staining. The total phenolic content of WTBM was found to be 30.3 gallic acid equivalent mg/g dry weight of bark extract while IC 50 value for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 72.2 ± 2.8 μg/ml and 45.16 ± 1.95 μg/ml, respectively. HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, and quercetin in WTBM. These findings demonstrated that WTBM significantly inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells and induced apoptosis, suggesting the potential chemopreventive activity of W. tinctoria bark.

The authors present the case of a young child with "fou rire prodromique" as an initial manifestation of pontine tuberculoma. This report is the first description of fou rire prodromique as the presenting sign of CNS tuberculosis. The combination of clinical information and CT findings allowed for precise localization of the lesion and suggested tuberculoma as the possible etiology.

Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumour that is histologically indistinguishable from the bone Ewing sarcoma. The translocation involving chromosome 22 along with CD 99 expression is pathognomonic and is useful in differentiating from other small round cell tumours. Primary lung involvement by this malignant tumour is very uncommon and up to this date only ten cases have been reported. We report a further case in a 15 year-old-female who presented with a huge lung mass causing an opaque haemithorax.

We studied the feasibility of implementing a community-based participatory process (CBPP) that addressed cancer education, prevention, and screening in 2 ethnic minority populations by evaluating the improvement in rates of cancer screening compared with historical benchmarks.From 2003 to 2009, 2281 community members participated in CBPPs conducted by the Beaumont Cancer Institute in cooperation with the Arab American and Chaldean (AAC) Council, the National Cancer Institute, and the American Cancer Society. The study population consisted of 1067 individuals who completed a postcancer forum survey: 642 from the African American (AA) and 425 from the AAC forums. Data were collected on participants' screening history and participation in subsequent screening tests after the previous year's CBPP.Following attendance of at least one cancer forum the previous year, 329 (30.8%) of the 1067 participant respondents underwent some type of cancer screening, 32% in the AA forums and 28.9% in the AAC forums. Compared with published controls, the CBPPs led to a 38.6% increase in mammographic screening and a 28.7% increase in prostate-specific antigen screening; the AA cohort had 39.7% and 28.4% increases whereas the AAC cohort had 36.3% and 28.9% increases in mammographic and prostate-specific antigen screening, respectively.The results of this study suggest that implementing CBPPs are feasible in underscreened ethnic minority populations. Further studies need to be performed to determine the absolute benefit of CBPPs compared with baseline levels of screening within these ethnic minority populations.

Hydatid cyst is a disease caused by a parasitic tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus, and most commonly involves liver and lung. Ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst can present a diagnostic challenge, and radiograph can be inconclusive. Anaphylactic reaction is a rare complication of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst. A 22-year-old male came to our emergency department in shock with symptoms of shortness of breath and altered mental status from the previous day. Radiograph showed a thin-walled circular translucent area in the right upper lung field, which was misdiagnosed as pneumothorax, and an intercostal chest tube was inserted. After 5 days, repeat radiograph revealed a cavity with an air/fluid level. The chest tube was removed and contrast-enhanced computed tomogram showed a cavity with water-lily sign, which suggests ruptured hydatid cyst. Immunoglobin-G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Echinococcus was positive. The patient responded well to treatment with crystalloid infusion, supplemental oxygen, and albendazole, and then underwent surgery. Anaphylactic reaction due to rupture of a hydatid cyst is rare, but hydatid disease should be suspected in patients from areas where Echinococcus is endemic.

The miswak is a natural toothbrush made from the twigs of the Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae). Its use predates the inception of Islam and is frequently advocated in the Hadith (the traditions relating to the life of Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)). In addition to strengthening the gums, it prevents tooth decay, eliminating toothaches and halt further increase in decay that has already set in. It creates a fragrance in the mouth, eliminates bad odor, improves the sense of taste, and causes the teeth to glow and shine. The other parts of the tree have therapeutic values as corrective, deobstruent, liver tonic, diuretic, analgesic, anthelmintic, astringent, lithontriptic, carminative, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and stomachic. The present review is therefore an effort to give detailed survey of the literature on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of miswak.

A 24 years old female was presented with a 2 weeks history of fever (high grade), cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain right side and low back ache. Patient prefers to lie towards right side. CECT thorax reveals empyema thoracic with paravertebral extension. Patient was put on IV antibiotic according to culture and sensitivity. Clinical and Radiological improvement was evident after 1 week.

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and prognostic factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: We studied 50 stable COPD patients with: spirometry, 6 minute walk distance, body mass index, GOLD stage (spirometric classification) and smoking status. In these patients hs-CRP values were measured and compared with those of 50 healthy controls. Then the serum hs-CRP was subjected to evaluation for any correlation with the predictors of outcomes in COPD subjects. Results: Hs-CRP levels were higher in COPD patients than in controls (4.82 vs. 0.88 mg/L p < 0.01). Correlation was found between hs-CRP and the following variables: FEV1 (r= −0.813; p < 0.01), 6MWD (r= −0.876; p < 0.01), body mass index (r= −0.710; p < 0.01), GOLD stage (r= 0.797, p < 0.01) and smoking status (r= 0.796; p < 0.01). Using multivariate analysis, FEV1 and 6MWD showed the strongest negative association with hs-CRP levels. Conclusions: The circulating levels of the inflammatory marker hs-CRP are significantly elevated in patients with COPD, supporting the view that COPD is in part an inflammatory disorder. Hs-CRP levels in stable COPD patients are best correlated with FEV1 and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). This information should be considered when hs-CRP levels are measured in stable COPD patients.

Purpose: We reviewed the impact of a community based participatory process (CBPP) addressing cancer education, prevention, and screening in five major ethnic/minority populations in Southeastern Michigan to determine their impact on personal health related decisions. Materials and Methods: From 2003 to 2009, 2,988 community members participated in CBPP conducted by Beaumont Cancer Institute in collaboration with the Arab American and Chaldean Council, Michigan Association of Physicians from India, North American Indian Association, American Indian Health and Family Services, Mexican Consulate, Multicultural La Famila, National Cancer Institute, and American Cancer Society. The study population consisted of 1,253 (42%) individuals completing a post-cancer forum survey and/or obtaining some type of cancer screenings: 747 (59.6%) from African American, 425 (33.9%) from Arab American/Chaldean, 14 (1.1%) from Native American, 35 (2.8%) from South East Asian and 32 (2.6%) from Hispanic/Latino communities. Data were collected on behavioral intent and knowledge including: (1) forum content, (2) participants' cancer screening history, (3) symposium logistics (4) educational materials and (5) participation in subsequent cancer screening tests. Results: After attending at least one cancer forum, 426 (34%) of 1,253 respondents (14.3 % of all attendees) underwent some type of cancer screening: 146 women (11.7%) underwent a screening mammogram, 94 (7.5%) a pap smear and 97 (7.7%) men underwent a screening PSA. A total of 89 (7.1%) had other forms of cancer screenings. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that CBPP's around a perceived and/or serious disease negatively affecting a target population can positively impact their personal health related decisions. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B33.

Purpose: We reviewed the impact of a community based participatory process (CBPP) addressing cancer education, prevention, and screening in two ethnic/minority populations to determine their impact on personal health related decisions. Materials and Methods: From 2005 – 2008, 2,281 community members participated in CBPP outreach efforts (cancer education, prevention and screening forums) conducted by the Beaumont Cancer Institute in cooperation with the Arab American and Chaldean Council, the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society. The study population consisted of 1,067 (46.7%) individuals completing a post-cancer forum survey: 642 (60.2%) from the African American (AA) and 425 (39.8%) from the Arab American & Chaldean (AAC) communities. Data were collected on behavioral intent and knowledge including: (1) forum content, (2) participants' cancer screening history, (3) symposium logistics (4) educational materials and (5) participation in subsequent cancer screening tests. Results: After attending at least one cancer education forum, 329 (30.8%) of the 1,067 participant respondents (14.4% of all attendees) underwent some type of cancer screening: 108 women (10.1%) underwent a screening mammogram, and 94 (8.8%) a pap smear. Thirty-eight men underwent (3.6%) a screening PSA, and 89 (8.3%) had other forms of cancer screenings (e.g. colonoscopy). Overall, 60.2% of AA versus 35% of ACC attendees completed a post-survey and 19.6% of AA versus 10% of AAC attendees underwent some type of cancer screening. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that CBPP's based around perceived and/or serious diseases negatively affecting a target population can positively impact their personal health related decisions. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C61.

Josephson junction (JJ) is natural high frequency source tuneable up to terahertz. However the line width of single JJ is large and maximum power is small. The line width can be narrowed and power can be increased by using phase locked arrays of many nearly identical JJs. The single crystal and c-axis oriented CuO based high temperature superconductors (HTS) are natural stacks of JJs with the CuO2layer of 0.3 nm acting as superconducting electrodes and the Bi2O3 or Tl2O3 or Y2O3 or (Ba, Ca)O layers of approximately 1.0 nm acting as insulating barrier (intrinsic Josephson effect). The I-V characteristic of the intrinsic stacked Josephson junctions (ISJJ) as a function of magnetic field are simulated. ISJJ has been modelled as one dimensional series array of JJ. Each JJ of the series is considered as resistively shunted junction model in which the effect of capacitance, inductance and a current source producing white noise are included. The critical current of the ISJJ as function of magnetic field shows Fraunhoffer like pattern. The simulated results have been compared with the Tl2212 mesas experimental results. It has been found that the simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental one.

Unani System of medicine is one among the oldest systems of medicine that prevails till date with its efficient drugs derived from animal, plant and mineral resources. Over 2400 years ago the father of medicine, Hippocrates practiced it, however His medicine included a great deal of ancient Egyptian Medicine as well as important components of the ancient Mesopotamian traditions. This system of medicine has a detailed description of drugs that are utilized in many infectious diseases like influenza, pneumonia and other respiratory disorders. Unani scholars have prescribed several single drugs as well as compound formulations for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in general. Tiryaq e Arba is one such formulation, which is known to improve host immunity anytime or during the outbreak of epidemics, endemics and pandemics. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to present Unani concept of infectious and epidemic diseases and details of Tiryaq e Arba with a possible approach to manage Covid-19. Keywords: Tiryaq e Arba, ingredients, epidemics, Unani Medicine.