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146,201 results on '"James, G."'

102. LSEMINK: A Modified Newton-Krylov Method for Log-Sum-Exp Minimization

Author

Kan, Kelvin, Nagy, James G., and Ruthotto, Lars

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

This paper introduces LSEMINK, an effective modified Newton-Krylov algorithm geared toward minimizing the log-sum-exp function for a linear model. Problems of this kind arise commonly, for example, in geometric programming and multinomial logistic regression. Although the log-sum-exp function is smooth and convex, standard line search Newton-type methods can become inefficient because the quadratic approximation of the objective function can be unbounded from below. To circumvent this, LSEMINK modifies the Hessian by adding a shift in the row space of the linear model. We show that the shift renders the quadratic approximation to be bounded from below and that the overall scheme converges to a global minimizer under mild assumptions. Our convergence proof also shows that all iterates are in the row space of the linear model, which can be attractive when the model parameters do not have an intuitive meaning, as is common in machine learning. Since LSEMINK uses a Krylov subspace method to compute the search direction, it only requires matrix-vector products with the linear model, which is critical for large-scale problems. Our numerical experiments on image classification and geometric programming illustrate that LSEMINK considerably reduces the time-to-solution and increases the scalability compared to geometric programming and natural gradient descent approaches. It has significantly faster initial convergence than standard Newton-Krylov methods, which is particularly attractive in applications like machine learning. In addition, LSEMINK is more robust to ill-conditioning arising from the nonsmoothness of the problem. We share our MATLAB implementation at https://github.com/KelvinKan/LSEMINK.

Published
2023

103. The work of Robert Langlands

Author

Arthur, James G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Representation Theory, 11F03
Abstract

This is a report on the work of Robert Langlands, following his award of the Abel Prize in 2018. It includes his contributions to the general areas of Representation Theory, Automorphic Forms, Number Theory and Arithmetic Geometry. We have tried to communicate the remarkable continuity that runs throughout all of his work, with its roots in several fundamental areas of mathematics. What is now known as the Langlands Program represents a unification of some of the deepest parts of these areas. We hope that at least some parts of the report will be accessible to a broader mathematical audience. Other parts will inevitably be more difficult. However, we can also hope that the report is presented in such a way as to lead to a better understanding of all sides of Langlands' work., Comment: 204 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

104. Existence, stability and spatio-temporal dynamics of time-quasiperiodic solutions on a finite background in discrete nonlinear Schr\'odinger models

Author

Charalampidis, E. G., James, G., Cuevas-Maraver, J., Hennig, D., Karachalios, N. I., and Kevrekidis, P. G.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

In the present work we explore the potential of models of the discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger (DNLS) type to support spatially localized and temporally quasiperiodic solutions on top of a finite background. Such solutions are rigorously shown to exist in the vicinity of the anti-continuum, vanishing coupling limit of the model. We then use numerical continuation to illustrate their persistence for finite coupling, as well as to explore their spectral stability. We obtain an intricate bifurcation diagram showing a progression of such solutions from simpler ones bearing single- and two-site excitations to more complex, multi-site ones with a direct connection of the branches of the self-focusing and self-defocusing nonlinear regime. We further probe the variation of the solutions obtained towards the limit of vanishing frequency for both signs of the nonlinearity. Our analysis is complemented by exploring the dynamics of the solutions via direct numerical simulations., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

105. Manipulating chiral-spin transport with ferroelectric polarization

Author

Huang, Xiaoxi, Chen, Xianzhe, Li, Yuhang, Mangeri, John, Zhang, Hongrui, Ramesh, Maya, Taghinejad, Hossein, Meisenheimer, Peter, Caretta, Lucas, Susarla, Sandhya, Jain, Rakshit, Klewe, Christoph, Wang, Tianye, Chen, Rui, Hsu, Cheng-Hsiang, Pan, Hao, Yin, Jia, Shafer, Padraic, Qiu, Ziqiang, Rodrigues, Davi R., Heinonen, Olle, Vasudevan, Dilip, Iniguez, Jorge, Schlom, Darrell G., Salahuddin, Sayeef, Martin, Lane W., Analytis, James G., Ralph, Daniel C., Cheng, Ran, Yao, Zhi, and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

A collective excitation of the spin structure in a magnetic insulator can transmit spin-angular momentum with negligible dissipation. This quantum of a spin wave, introduced more than nine decades ago, has always been manipulated through magnetic dipoles, (i.e., timereversal symmetry). Here, we report the experimental observation of chiral-spin transport in multiferroic BiFeO3, where the spin transport is controlled by reversing the ferroelectric polarization (i.e., spatial inversion symmetry). The ferroelectrically controlled magnons produce an unprecedented ratio of up to 18% rectification at room temperature. The spin torque that the magnons in BiFeO3 carry can be used to efficiently switch the magnetization of adja-cent magnets, with a spin-torque efficiency being comparable to the spin Hall effect in heavy metals. Utilizing such a controllable magnon generation and transmission in BiFeO3, an alloxide, energy-scalable logic is demonstrated composed of spin-orbit injection, detection, and magnetoelectric control. This observation opens a new chapter of multiferroic magnons and paves an alternative pathway towards low-dissipation nanoelectronics.

Published
2023

106. The Damage to Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Caused by the Ejecta of Lunar Landers

Author

Metzger, Philip T. and Mantovani, James G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

This manuscript analyzes lunar lander soil erosion models and trajectory models to calculate how much damage will occur to spacecraft orbiting in the vicinity of the Moon. The soil erosion models have considerable uncertainty due to gaps in our understanding of the basic physics. The results for ~40 t landers show that the Lunar Orbital Gateway will be impacted by 1000s to 10,000s of particles per square meter but the particle sizes are very small and the impact velocity is low so the damage will be slight. However, a spacecraft in Low Lunar Orbit that happens to pass through the ejecta sheet will sustain extensive damage with hundreds of millions of impacts per square meter: although they are small, they are in the hypervelocity regime, and exposed glass on the spacecraft will sustain spallation over 4% of its surface., Comment: 10 pagers, 8 figures

Published
2023
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107. Free Speech at West Virginia Colleges and Universities: Peril and Promise

Author

James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), Kissel, Adam, Laura Beltz, and Robinson, Jenna A.

Abstract

The U.S. and West Virginia constitutions acknowledge the right to free speech, which must be protected at public colleges, but Senate Bill 657, which became law in 2021, requires that public colleges protect "any lawful verbal and nonverbal speech." Furthermore, many private colleges also promise free speech to their students. However a campus-climate survey published by the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE) in 2021 found that 5-in-6 college students have self-censored because of how they perceived other students, a professor, or the college administration would respond. Two-thirds of college students agreed that it was acceptable to shout down a campus speaker or to try to prevent them from speaking. FIRE reviewed the restrictions on free speech at 17 public or private colleges and universities in West Virginia and found 92 policies that restrict freedom of speech. This report reviews FIRE's ratings, gives examples of restrictive policies, and recommends ways to improve students' free speech rights. [The report was written in partnership with the Cardinal Institute for West Virginia Policy.]

Published
2022

109. Association Between Whole Blood–Derived Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Author

Liu, Xue, Sun, Xianbang, Zhang, Yuankai, Jiang, Wenqing, Lai, Meng, Wiggins, Kerri L, Raffield, Laura M, Bielak, Lawrence F, Zhao, Wei, Pitsillides, Achilleas, Haessler, Jeffrey, Zheng, Yinan, Blackwell, Thomas W, Yao, Jie, Guo, Xiuqing, Qian, Yong, Thyagarajan, Bharat, Pankratz, Nathan, Rich, Stephen S, Taylor, Kent D, Peyser, Patricia A, Heckbert, Susan R, Seshadri, Sudha, Boerwinkle, Eric, Grove, Megan L, Larson, Nicholas B, Smith, Jennifer A, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Fitzpatrick, Annette L, Fornage, Myriam, Ding, Jun, Carson, April P, Abecasis, Goncalo, Dupuis, Josée, Reiner, Alexander, Kooperberg, Charles, Hou, Lifang, Psaty, Bruce M, Wilson, James G, Levy, Daniel, Rotter, Jerome I, Bis, Joshua C, Consortium, TOPMed mtDNA Working Group in NHLBI Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine, Satizabal, Claudia L, Arking, Dan E, and Liu, Chunyu

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Obesity, Prevention, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Aging, Cardiovascular, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, DNA, Mitochondrial, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, DNA Copy Number Variations, Cross-Sectional Studies, Coronary Disease, Cholesterol, HDL, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, cardiometabolic risk factors, cardiovascular disease, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Mendelian randomization, mitochondrial DNA copy number, vascular atherosclerosis, TOPMed mtDNA Working Group in NHLBI Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

Background The relationship between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) and cardiovascular disease remains elusive. Methods and Results We performed cross-sectional and prospective association analyses of blood-derived mtDNA CN and cardiovascular disease outcomes in 27 316 participants in 8 cohorts of multiple racial and ethnic groups with whole-genome sequencing. We also performed Mendelian randomization to explore causal relationships of mtDNA CN with coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). P

Published
2023

110. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 17 loci associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Author

Chen, Yanhua, Du, Xiaomeng, Kuppa, Annapurna, Feitosa, Mary F, Bielak, Lawrence F, O’Connell, Jeffrey R, Musani, Solomon K, Guo, Xiuqing, Kahali, Bratati, Chen, Vincent L, Smith, Albert V, Ryan, Kathleen A, Eirksdottir, Gudny, Allison, Matthew A, Bowden, Donald W, Budoff, Matthew J, Carr, John Jeffrey, Chen, Yii-Der I, Taylor, Kent D, Oliveri, Antonino, Correa, Adolfo, Crudup, Breland F, Kardia, Sharon LR, Mosley, Thomas H, Norris, Jill M, Terry, James G, Rotter, Jerome I, Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Halligan, Brian D, Young, Kendra A, Hokanson, John E, Washko, George R, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Province, Michael A, Peyser, Patricia A, Palmer, Nicholette D, and Speliotes, Elizabeth K

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Genetics, Biological Sciences, Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease, Hepatitis, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Human Genome, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Liver Cirrhosis, Acyltransferases, Phospholipases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Liver, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural biotechnology, Bioinformatics and computational biology
Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common and partially heritable and has no effective treatments. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of imaging (n = 66,814) and diagnostic code (3,584 cases versus 621,081 controls) measured NAFLD across diverse ancestries. We identified NAFLD-associated variants at torsin family 1 member B (TOR1B), fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein like 1 (COBLL1)/growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (GRB14), insulin receptor (INSR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), as well as validated NAFLD-associated variants at patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2), apolipoprotein E (APOE), glucokinase regulator (GCKR), tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM), mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 (MARC1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (MTTP), alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B), transmembrane channel like 4 (TMC4)/membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) and receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase δ (PTPRD). Implicated genes highlight mitochondrial, cholesterol and de novo lipogenesis as causally contributing to NAFLD predisposition. Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) analyses suggest at least seven subtypes of NAFLD. Individuals in the top 10% and 1% of genetic risk have a 2.5-fold to 6-fold increased risk of NAFLD, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These genetic variants identify subtypes of NAFLD, improve estimates of disease risk and can guide the development of targeted therapeutics.

Published
2023

111. Multi-ancestry genome-wide study identifies effector genes and druggable pathways for coronary artery calcification

Author

Kavousi, Maryam, Bos, Maxime M, Barnes, Hanna J, Lino Cardenas, Christian L, Wong, Doris, Lu, Haojie, Hodonsky, Chani J, Landsmeer, Lennart PL, Turner, Adam W, Kho, Minjung, Hasbani, Natalie R, de Vries, Paul S, Bowden, Donald W, Chopade, Sandesh, Deelen, Joris, Benavente, Ernest Diez, Guo, Xiuqing, Hofer, Edith, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Lutz, Sharon M, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Slenders, Lotte, Smith, Albert V, Stanislawski, Maggie A, van Setten, Jessica, Wong, Quenna, Yanek, Lisa R, Becker, Diane M, Beekman, Marian, Budoff, Matthew J, Feitosa, Mary F, Finan, Chris, Hilliard, Austin T, Kardia, Sharon LR, Kovacic, Jason C, Kral, Brian G, Langefeld, Carl D, Launer, Lenore J, Malik, Shaista, Hoesein, Firdaus AA Mohamed, Mokry, Michal, Schmidt, Reinhold, Smith, Jennifer A, Taylor, Kent D, Terry, James G, van der Grond, Jeroen, van Meurs, Joyce, Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn, Xu, Jianzhao, Young, Kendra A, Zilhão, Nuno R, Zweiker, Robert, Assimes, Themistocles L, Becker, Lewis C, Bos, Daniel, Carr, J Jeffrey, Cupples, L Adrienne, de Kleijn, Dominique PV, de Winther, Menno, den Ruijter, Hester M, Fornage, Myriam, Freedman, Barry I, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hingorani, Aroon D, Hokanson, John E, Ikram, M Arfan, Išgum, Ivana, Jacobs, David R, Kähönen, Mika, Lange, Leslie A, Lehtimäki, Terho, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Raitakari, Olli T, Schmidt, Helena, Slagboom, P Eline, Uitterlinden, André G, Vernooij, Meike W, Bis, Joshua C, Franceschini, Nora, Psaty, Bruce M, Post, Wendy S, Rotter, Jerome I, Björkegren, Johan LM, O’Donnell, Christopher J, Bielak, Lawrence F, Peyser, Patricia A, Malhotra, Rajeev, van der Laan, Sander W, and Miller, Clint L

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Human Genome, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Humans, Black People, Coronary Artery Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Risk Factors, European People, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural biotechnology, Bioinformatics and computational biology
Abstract

Coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, predicts future symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Identifying genetic risk factors for CAC may point to new therapeutic avenues for prevention. Currently, there are only four known risk loci for CAC identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the general population. Here we conducted the largest multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of CAC to date, which comprised 26,909 individuals of European ancestry and 8,867 individuals of African ancestry. We identified 11 independent risk loci, of which eight were new for CAC and five had not been reported for CAD. These new CAC loci are related to bone mineralization, phosphate catabolism and hormone metabolic pathways. Several new loci harbor candidate causal genes supported by multiple lines of functional evidence and are regulators of smooth muscle cell-mediated calcification ex vivo and in vitro. Together, these findings help refine the genetic architecture of CAC and extend our understanding of the biological and potential druggable pathways underlying CAC.

Published
2023

112. Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Author

Rick, Anne-Marie, Laurens, Matthew B, Huang, Ying, Yu, Chenchen, Martin, Thomas CS, Rodriguez, Carina A, Rostad, Christina A, Maboa, Rebone M, Baden, Lindsey R, Sahly, Hana M El, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Gray, Glenda E, Gay, Cynthia L, Gilbert, Peter B, Janes, Holly E, Kublin, James G, Huang, Yunda, Leav, Brett, Hirsch, Ian, Struyf, Frank, Dunkle, Lisa M, Neuzil, Kathleen M, Corey, Lawrence, Goepfert, Paul A, Walsh, Stephen R, Follmann, Dean, Kotloff, Karen L, Adams, Atoya, Miller, Eric, Rankin, Bruce G, Shinn, Steven, Nash, Marshall, Green, Sinikka L, Jacobsen, Colleen, Krishnankutty, Jayasree, Phungwayo, Sikhongi, Glover, Richard M, Slechta, Stacy, Holdeman, Troy, Hartvickson, Robyn, Grant, Amber, Poling, Terry L, Klein, Terry D, Klein, Thomas C, Klein, Tracy R, Smith, William B, Gibson, Richard L, Winbigler, Jennifer, Parker, Elizabeth, Wijewardane, Priyantha N, Bravo, Eric, Thessing, Jeffrey, Maxwell, Michelle, Horn, Amanda, Healy, Catherine Mary, Akamine, Christine, Chu, Laurence, Chouteau, R Michelle, Cotugno, Michael J, Bauer, George H, Hachigian, Greg, Oshita, Masaru, Cancilla, Michael, Kiersey, Kristen, Seger, William, Antwi, Mohammed, Green, Allison, Kim, Anthony, Desjardins, Michael, Johnson, Jennifer A, Sherman, Amy, Borger, Judith, Saleem, Nafisa, Solis, Joel, Medina, Martha Carmen, Keating, Westly, Garcia, Edgar, Bueno, Cynthia, Segall, Nathan, Denham, Douglas S, Weiss, Thomas, Avworo, Ayoade, Hedges, Parke, Strout, Cynthia Becher, Santiago, Rica, Davis, Yvonne, Howenstine, Patty, Bondell, Alison, Marks, Kristin, Wang, Tina, Wilkin, Timothy, Vogler, Mary, Johnston, Carrie, Andrasik, Michele P, Andriesen, Jessica G, Broder, Gail, Eaton, Niles, Gelderblom, Huub G, and McClennen, Rachael

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Clinical Research, Vaccine Related, Immunization, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Coronaviruses, Biotechnology, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, United States, Vaccination, Natural infection, Hybrid immunity, NIAID-funded COVID-19 Prevention Network, natural infection, hybrid immunity, vaccination, Public Health and Health Services, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundWhile vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection.MethodsIn this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7-15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures.FindingsPrevious infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05-0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease.InterpretationPrevious infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection.FundingNational Institutes of Health.

Published
2023

113. Protein-metabolite association studies identify novel proteomic determinants of metabolite levels in human plasma

Author

Benson, Mark D, Eisman, Aaron S, Tahir, Usman A, Katz, Daniel H, Deng, Shuliang, Ngo, Debby, Robbins, Jeremy M, Hofmann, Alissa, Shi, Xu, Zheng, Shuning, Keyes, Michelle, Yu, Zhi, Gao, Yan, Farrell, Laurie, Shen, Dongxiao, Chen, Zsu-Zsu, Cruz, Daniel E, Sims, Mario, Correa, Adolfo, Tracy, Russell P, Durda, Peter, Taylor, Kent D, Liu, Yongmei, Johnson, W Craig, Guo, Xiuqing, Yao, Jie, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Manichaikul, Ani W, Jain, Deepti, Yang, Qiong, Consortium, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine, Bouchard, Claude, Sarzynski, Mark A, Rich, Stephen S, Rotter, Jerome I, Wang, Thomas J, Wilson, James G, Clish, Clary B, Sarkar, Indra Neil, Natarajan, Pradeep, and Gerszten, Robert E

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biotechnology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Animals, Mice, Proteomics, Metabolomics, Signal Transduction, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, GWAS, functional genomics, genome-wide association study, genomics, metabolomics, multi-omics, pathway discovery, proteomics, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Abstract

Although many novel gene-metabolite and gene-protein associations have been identified using high-throughput biochemical profiling, systematic studies that leverage human genetics to illuminate causal relationships between circulating proteins and metabolites are lacking. Here, we performed protein-metabolite association studies in 3,626 plasma samples from three human cohorts. We detected 171,800 significant protein-metabolite pairwise correlations between 1,265 proteins and 365 metabolites, including established relationships in metabolic and signaling pathways such as the protein thyroxine-binding globulin and the metabolite thyroxine, as well as thousands of new findings. In Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, we identified putative causal protein-to-metabolite associations. We experimentally validated top MR associations in proof-of-concept plasma metabolomics studies in three murine knockout strains of key protein regulators. These analyses identified previously unrecognized associations between bioactive proteins and metabolites in human plasma. We provide publicly available data to be leveraged for studies in human metabolism and disease.

Published
2023

116. Extracellular RNA in oncogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance

Author

Hannah Nelson, Sherman Qu, Jeffrey L. Franklin, Qi Liu, Heather H. Pua, Kasey C. Vickers, Alissa M. Weaver, Robert J. Coffey, and James G. Patton

Subjects
extracellular vesicles, nanoparticles, RNA, Cancer, Tumor microenviroment, metastasis, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles (EVPs) are now recognized as a novel form of cell–cell communication. All cells release a wide array of heterogeneous EVPs with distinct protein, lipid, and RNA content, dependent on the pathophysiological state of the donor cell. The overall cargo content in EVPs is not equivalent to cellular levels, implying a regulated pathway for selection and export. In cancer, release and uptake of EVPs within the tumour microenvironment can influence growth, proliferation, invasiveness, and immune evasion. Secreted EVPs can also have distant, systemic effects that can promote metastasis. Here, we review current knowledge of EVP biogenesis and cargo selection with a focus on the role that extracellular RNA plays in oncogenesis and metastasis. Almost all subtypes of RNA have been identified in EVPs, with miRNAs being the best characterized. We review the roles of specific miRNAs that have been detected in EVPs and that play a role in oncogenesis and metastasis.

Published
2024
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118. Omicron COVID-19 immune correlates analysis of a third dose of mRNA-1273 in the COVE trial

Author

Zhang, Bo, Fong, Youyi, Fintzi, Jonathan, Chu, Eric, Janes, Holly E., Kenny, Avi, Carone, Marco, Benkeser, David, van der Laan, Lars W. P., Deng, Weiping, Zhou, Honghong, Wang, Xiaowei, Lu, Yiwen, Yu, Chenchen, Borate, Bhavesh, Chen, Haiyan, Reeder, Isabel, Carpp, Lindsay N., Houchens, Christopher R., Martins, Karen, Jayashankar, Lakshmi, Huynh, Chuong, Fichtenbaum, Carl J., Kalams, Spyros, Gay, Cynthia L., Andrasik, Michele P., Kublin, James G., Corey, Lawrence, Neuzil, Kathleen M., Priddy, Frances, Das, Rituparna, Girard, Bethany, El Sahly, Hana M., Baden, Lindsey R., Jones, Thomas, Donis, Ruben O., Koup, Richard A., Gilbert, Peter B., and Follmann, Dean

Published
2024
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124. Neighborhood-level deprivation and survival in lung cancer

Author

Kennedy, Kathleen, Jusue-Torres, Ignacio, Buller, Ian D., Rossi, Emily, Mallisetty, Apurva, Rodgers, Kristen, Lee, Beverly, Menchaca, Martha, Pasquinelli, Mary, Nguyen, Ryan H., Weinberg, Frank, Rubinstein, Israel, Herman, James G., Brock, Malcolm, Feldman, Lawrence, Aldrich, Melinda C., and Hulbert, Alicia

Published
2024
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127. Continent-wide genomic analysis of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

Author

Talenti, Andrea, Wilkinson, Toby, Cook, Elizabeth A., Hemmink, Johanneke D., Paxton, Edith, Mutinda, Matthew, Ngulu, Stephen D., Jayaraman, Siddharth, Bishop, Richard P., Obara, Isaiah, Hourlier, Thibaut, Garcia Giron, Carlos, Martin, Fergal J., Labuschagne, Michel, Atimnedi, Patrick, Nanteza, Anne, Keyyu, Julius D., Mramba, Furaha, Caron, Alexandre, Cornelis, Daniel, Chardonnet, Philippe, Fyumagwa, Robert, Lembo, Tiziana, Auty, Harriet K., Michaux, Johan, Smitz, Nathalie, Toye, Philip, Robert, Christelle, Prendergast, James G. D., and Morrison, Liam J.

Published
2024
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128. Predicting chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer at the county scale using machine learning

Author

Ahmed, Md Sohel, Hanley, Brenda J., Mitchell, Corey I., Abbott, Rachel C., Hollingshead, Nicholas A., Booth, James G., Guinness, Joe, Jennelle, Christopher S., Hodel, Florian H., Gonzalez-Crespo, Carlos, Middaugh, Christopher R., Ballard, Jennifer R., Clemons, Bambi, Killmaster, Charlie H., Harms, Tyler M., Caudell, Joe N., Benavidez Westrich, Kathryn M., McCallen, Emily, Casey, Christine, O’Brien, Lindsey M., Trudeau, Jonathan K., Stewart, Chad, Carstensen, Michelle, McKinley, William T., Hynes, Kevin P., Stevens, Ashley E., Miller, Landon A., Cook, Merril, Myers, Ryan T., Shaw, Jonathan, Tonkovich, Michael J., Kelly, James D., Grove, Daniel M., Storm, Daniel J., and Schuler, Krysten L.

Published
2024
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136. Herbivore effects increase with latitude across the extent of a foundational seagrass

Author

Campbell, Justin E., Kennedy Rhoades, O., Munson, Calvin J., Altieri, Andrew H., Douglass, James G., Heck, Kenneth L., Paul, Valerie J., Armitage, Anna R., Barry, Savanna C., Bethel, Enrique, Christ, Lindsey, Christianen, Marjolijn J. A., Dodillet, Grace, Dutton, Katrina, Fourqurean, James W., Frazer, Thomas K., Gaffey, Bethany M., Glazner, Rachael, Goeke, Janelle A., Grana-Valdes, Rancel, Jenkins, Victoria J., Kramer, Olivier A. A., Linhardt, Samantha T., Martin, Charles W., Martinez Lopez, Isis G., McDonald, Ashley M., Main, Vivienne A., Manuel, Sarah A., Marco-Méndez, Candela, O’Brien, Duncan A., O’Shea, Owen R., Patrick, Christopher J., Peabody, Clare, Reynolds, Laura K., Rodriguez, Alex, Rodriguez Bravo, Lucia M., Sang, Amanda, Sawall, Yvonne, Smith, Khalil, Smulders, Fee O. H., Sun, Uriah, Thompson, Jamie E., van Tussenbroek, Brigitta, and Wied, William L.

Published
2024
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138. Virtual multi-institutional tumor board: a strategy for personalized diagnoses and management of rare CNS tumors

Author

Rogers, James L., Wall, Thomas, Acquaye-Mallory, Alvina A., Boris, Lisa, Kim, Yeonju, Aldape, Kenneth, Quezado, Martha M., Butman, John A., Smirniotopoulos, James G., Chaudhry, Huma, Tsien, Christina I., Chittiboina, Prashant, Zaghloul, Kareem, Aboud, Orwa, Avgeropoulos, Nicholas G., Burton, Eric C., Cachia, David M., Dixit, Karan S., Drappatz, Jan, Dunbar, Erin M., Forsyth, Peter, Komlodi-Pasztor, Edina, Mandel, Jacob, Ozer, Byram H., Lee, Eudocia Q., Ranjan, Surabhi, Lukas, Rimas V., Raygada, Margarita, Salacz, Michael E., Smith-Cohn, Matthew A., Snyder, James, Soldatos, Ariane, Theeler, Brett J., Widemann, Brigitte C., Camphausen, Kevin A., Heiss, John D., Armstrong, Terri S., Gilbert, Mark R., and Penas-Prado, Marta

Published
2024
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141. Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Author

Suzuki, Ken, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Southam, Lorraine, Taylor, Henry J., Yin, Xianyong, Lorenz, Kim M., Mandla, Ravi, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Melloni, Giorgio E. M., Kanoni, Stavroula, Rayner, Nigel W., Bocher, Ozvan, Arruda, Ana Luiza, Sonehara, Kyuto, Namba, Shinichi, Lee, Simon S. K., Preuss, Michael H., Petty, Lauren E., Schroeder, Philip, Vanderwerff, Brett, Kals, Mart, Bragg, Fiona, Lin, Kuang, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhang, Weihua, Yao, Jie, Kim, Young Jin, Graff, Mariaelisa, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Moon, Sanghoon, Scott, Robert A., Cook, James P., Lee, Jung-Jin, Pan, Ian, Taliun, Daniel, Parra, Esteban J., Chai, Jin-Fang, Bielak, Lawrence F., Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Grarup, Niels, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloé, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor J. Y., Tam, Claudia H. T., Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura M., Prins, Bram Peter, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa R., Chen, Guanjie, Brody, Jennifer A., Kabagambe, Edmond, An, Ping, Xiang, Anny H., Choi, Hyeok Sun, Cade, Brian E., Tan, Jingyi, Broadaway, K. Alaine, Williamson, Alice, Kamali, Zoha, Cui, Jinrui, Thangam, Manonanthini, Adair, Linda S., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Anand, Sonia S., Bertoni, Alain, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Buchanan, Thomas A., Burant, Charles F., Butterworth, Adam S., Canouil, Mickaël, Chan, Juliana C. N., Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Danesh, John, Das, Swapan K., de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Doumatey, Ayo P., Du, Shufa, Duan, Qing, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Emery, Leslie S., Evans, Daniel S., Evans, Michele K., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James S., Ford, Ian, Franco, Oscar H., Frayling, Timothy M., Freedman, Barry I., Genter, Pauline, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, Maria Elena, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gross, Myron, Guare, Lindsay A., Hackinger, Sophie, Hakaste, Liisa, Han, Sohee, Hattersley, Andrew T., Herder, Christian, Horikoshi, Momoko, Howard, Annie-Green, Hsueh, Willa, Huang, Mengna, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Ingelsson, Martin, Islam, Md. Tariqul, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jasmine, Farzana, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Kamanu, Frederick K., Kandeel, Fouad R., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kaur, Varinderpal, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Keaton, Jacob M., Kho, Abel N., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Kim, Duk-Hwan, Kronenberg, Florian, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Kyung Min, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R., Leong, Aaron, Li, Liming, Li, Yun, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ligthart, Symen, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Locke, Adam E., Louie, Tin, Luan, Jian’an, Luk, Andrea O., Luo, Xi, Lv, Jun, Lynch, Julie A., Lyssenko, Valeriya, Maeda, Shiro, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mansuri, Sohail Rafik, Matsuda, Koichi, Meitinger, Thomas, Melander, Olle, Metspalu, Andres, Mo, Huan, Morris, Andrew D., Moura, Filipe A., Nadler, Jerry L., Nalls, Michael A., Nayak, Uma, Ntalla, Ioanna, Okada, Yukinori, Orozco, Lorena, Patel, Sanjay R., Patil, Snehal, Pei, Pei, Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Pirie, Fraser J., Polikowsky, Hannah G., Porneala, Bianca, Prasad, Gauri, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Reiner, Alexander P., Roden, Michael, Rohde, Rebecca, Roll, Katheryn, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sankareswaran, Alagu, Sattar, Naveed, Schönherr, Sebastian, Shahriar, Mohammad, Shen, Botong, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Smith, Jennifer A., So, Wing Yee, Stančáková, Alena, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stilp, Adrienne M., Strauch, Konstantin, Taylor, Kent D., Thorand, Barbara, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Brian, Tran, Tam C., Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie-Luna, Teresa, Udler, Miriam S., Valladares-Salgado, Adan, van Dam, Rob M., van Klinken, Jan B., Varma, Rohit, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Wheeler, Eleanor, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Witte, Daniel R., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yamamoto, Ken, Yamamoto, Kenichi, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yusuf, Salim, Zawistowski, Matthew, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Raffel, Leslie J., Igase, Michiya, Ipp, Eli, Redline, Susan, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lind, Lars, Province, Michael A., Fornage, Myriam, Hanis, Craig L., Ingelsson, Erik, Zonderman, Alan B., Psaty, Bruce M., Wang, Ya-Xing, Rotimi, Charles N., Becker, Diane M., Matsuda, Fumihiko, Liu, Yongmei, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Peyser, Patricia A., Pankow, James S., Engert, James C., Bonnefond, Amélie, Froguel, Philippe, Wilson, James G., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Hayes, M. Geoffrey, Ma, Ronald C. W., Wong, Tien-Yin, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Chandak, Giriraj R., Collins, Francis S., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Paré, Guillaume, Sale, Michèle M., Ahsan, Habibul, Motala, Ayesha A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Park, Kyong-Soo, Jukema, J. Wouter, Cruz, Miguel, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rich, Stephen S., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Grallert, Harald, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Tai, E-Shyong, Dupuis, Josee, Kato, Norihiro, Laakso, Markku, Köttgen, Anna, Koh, Woon-Puay, Bowden, Donald W., Palmer, Colin N. A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Liu, Simin, North, Kari E., Saleheen, Danish, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Wareham, Nicholas J., Lee, Juyoung, Kim, Bong-Jo, Millwood, Iona Y., Walters, Robin G., Stefansson, Kari, Ahlqvist, Emma, Goodarzi, Mark O., Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Haiman, Christopher A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Florez, Jose C., Rader, Daniel J., Ritchie, Marylyn D., Zöllner, Sebastian, Mägi, Reedik, Marston, Nicholas A., Ruff, Christian T., van Heel, David A., Finer, Sarah, Denny, Joshua C., Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Kadowaki, Takashi, Chambers, John C., Ng, Maggie C. Y., Sim, Xueling, Below, Jennifer E., Tsao, Philip S., Chang, Kyong-Mi, McCarthy, Mark I., Meigs, James B., Mahajan, Anubha, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Mercader, Josep M., Boehnke, Michael, Rotter, Jerome I., Vujkovic, Marijana, Voight, Benjamin F., Morris, Andrew P., and Zeggini, Eleftheria

Published
2024
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144. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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145. Unsupervised detection of small hyperreflective features in ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography

Author

Reimann, Marcel, Won, Jungeun, Takahashi, Hiroyuki, Yaghy, Antonio, Hwang, Yunchan, Ploner, Stefan, Lin, Junhong, Girgis, Jessica, Lam, Kenneth, Chen, Siyu, Waheed, Nadia K., Maier, Andreas, and Fujimoto, James G.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Recent advances in optical coherence tomography such as the development of high speed ultrahigh resolution scanners and corresponding signal processing techniques may reveal new potential biomarkers in retinal diseases. Newly visible features are, for example, small hyperreflective specks in age-related macular degeneration. Identifying these new markers is crucial to investigate potential association with disease progression and treatment outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to reliably detect these features in 3D volumetric scans. Because manual labeling of entire volumes is infeasible a need for automatic detection arises. Labeled datasets are often not publicly available and there are usually large variations in scan protocols and scanner types. Thus, this work focuses on an unsupervised approach that is based on local peak-detection and random walker segmentation to detect small features on each B-scan of the volume., Comment: Accepted as poster at BVM workshop 2023 (https://www.bvm-workshop.org/). The arXiv version provides full quality figures. 6 pages content (2 figures)

Published
2023

146. Retinal blood flow speed quantification at the capillary level using temporal autocorrelation fitting OCTA

Author

Hwang, Yunchan, Won, Jungeun, Yaghy, Antonio, Takahashi, Hiroyuki, Girgis, Jessica M., Lam, Kenneth, Chen, Siyu, Moult, Eric M., Ploner, Stefan B., Maier, Andreas, Waheed, Nadia K., and Fujimoto, James G.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can visualize vasculature structures, but provides limited information about the blood flow speeds. Here, we present a second generation variable interscan time analysis (VISTA) OCTA, which evaluates a quantitative surrogate marker for blood flow speed in vasculature. At the capillary level, spatially compiled OCTA and a simple temporal autocorrelation model, {\rho}({\tau}) = exp(-{\alpha}{\tau}), were used to evaluate a temporal autocorrelation decay constant, {\alpha}, as the blood flow speed marker. A 600 kHz A-scan rate swept-source provides short interscan time OCTA and fine A-scan spacing acquisition, while maintaining multi mm2 field of views for human retinal imaging. We demonstrate the cardiac pulsatility and repeatability of {\alpha} measured with VISTA. We show different {\alpha} for different retinal capillary plexuses in healthy eyes and present representative VISTA OCTA of eyes with diabetic retinopathy.

Published
2023

147. Whole-genome sequencing uncovers two loci for coronary artery calcification and identifies ARSE as a regulator of vascular calcification

Author

de Vries, Paul S., Conomos, Matthew P., Singh, Kuldeep, Nicholson, Christopher J., Jain, Deepti, Hasbani, Natalie R., Jiang, Wanlin, Lee, Sujin, Lino Cardenas, Christian L., Lutz, Sharon M., Wong, Doris, Guo, Xiuqing, Yao, Jie, Young, Erica P., Tcheandjieu, Catherine, Hilliard, Austin T., Bis, Joshua C., Bielak, Lawrence F., Brown, Michael R., Musharoff, Shaila, Clarke, Shoa L., Terry, James G., Palmer, Nicholette D., Yanek, Lisa R., Xu, Huichun, Heard-Costa, Nancy, Wessel, Jennifer, Selvaraj, Margaret Sunitha, Li, Rebecca H., Sun, Xiao, Turner, Adam W., Stilp, Adrienne M., Khan, Alyna, Newman, Anne B., Rasheed, Asif, Freedman, Barry I., Kral, Brian G., McHugh, Caitlin P., Hodonsky, Chani, Saleheen, Danish, Herrington, David M., Jacobs, Jr, David R., Nickerson, Deborah A., Boerwinkle, Eric, Wang, Fei Fei, Heiss, Gerardo, Jun, Goo, Kinney, Greg L., Sigurslid, Haakon H., Doddapaneni, HarshaVardhan, Hall, Ira M., Bensenor, Isabela M., Broome, Jai, Crapo, James D., Wilson, James G., Smith, Jennifer A., Blangero, John, Vargas, Jose D., Mosquera, Jose Verdezoto, Smith, Joshua D., Viaud-Martinez, Karine A., Ryan, Kathleen A., Young, Kendra A., Taylor, Kent D., Lange, Leslie A., Emery, Leslie S., Bittencourt, Marcio S., Budoff, Matthew J., Montasser, May E., Yu, Miao, Mahaney, Michael C., Mahamdeh, Mohammed S., Fornage, Myriam, Franceschini, Nora, Lotufo, Paulo A., Natarajan, Pradeep, Wong, Quenna, Mathias, Rasika A., Gibbs, Richard A., Do, Ron, Mehran, Roxana, Tracy, Russell P., Kim, Ryan W., Nelson, Sarah C., Damrauer, Scott M., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Rich, Stephen S., Fuster, Valentin, Napolioni, Valerio, Zhao, Wei, Tian, Wenjie, Yin, Xianyong, Min, Yuan-I, Manning, Alisa K., Peloso, Gina, Kelly, Tanika N., O’Donnell, Christopher J., Morrison, Alanna C., Curran, Joanne E., Zapol, Warren M., Bowden, Donald W., Becker, Lewis C., Correa, Adolfo, Mitchell, Braxton D., Psaty, Bruce M., Carr, John Jeffrey, Pereira, Alexandre C., Assimes, Themistocles L., Stitziel, Nathan O., Hokanson, John E., Laurie, Cecelia A., Rotter, Jerome I., Vasan, Ramachandran S., Post, Wendy S., Peyser, Patricia A., Miller, Clint L., and Malhotra, Rajeev

Published
2023
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148. Rules for Academic Reformers

Author

James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal and Schalin, Jay

Abstract

For decades, observant Americans have looked upon institutions of higher learning with dismay. The reasons for their anxiety varied; some were upset at the increasing politicization, others at rising costs, and so on. But it seemed as if there were no way to turn back the tide of higher education's degradation. That may be starting to change. Academia is moving into very extreme territory politically, promoting false, conjectural, and dogmatic theories such as critical race theory and indigenous science instead of long-accepted theories tested by proven methods. This extremism is heightening awareness among ordinary Americans about academia's alarming direction, and some are starting to get involved in campaigns to push back against the radical agenda. The James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal has been on the forefront of the struggle to end the abuse of our colleges and universities for several decades. Today, with increasing potential to attract new allies to its cause, it is providing this manual, titled "Rules for Academic Reformers," to encourage those who are concerned about higher education's degraded state--particularly alumni, but also trustees, students, and other potential activists--to start a "long march through the institutions of higher education" of their own. And to offer suggestions about how to build a successful movement, how to deal with academic adversaries, and where to find allies.

Published
2022

149. Genomic Reference Resource for African Cattle: Genome Sequences and High-Density Array Variants

Author

Abdulfatai Tijjani, Sumaya Kambal, Endashaw Terefe, Regina Njeru, Moses Ogugo, Gideon Ndambuki, Ayao Missohou, Amadou Traore, Bashir Salim, Chukwunonso Ezeasor, Claire D’andre H., Emmanuel T. Obishakin, Boubacar Diallo, Essodina Talaki, Issaka Y. Abdoukarim, Oyekanmi Nash, Richard Osei-Amponsah, Simeone Ravaorimanana, Youssouf Issa, Tsadkan Zegeye, Christopher Mukasa, Christian Tiambo, James G. D. Prendergast, Stephen J. Kemp, Jianlin Han, Karen Marshall, and Olivier Hanotte

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The diversity in genome resources is fundamental to designing genomic strategies for local breed improvement and utilisation. These resources also support gene discovery and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of resilience with applications beyond local breeds. Here, we report the genome sequences of 555 cattle (208 of which comprise new data) and high-density (HD) array genotyping of 1,082 samples (537 new samples) from indigenous African cattle populations. The new sequences have an average genome coverage of ~30X, three times higher than the average (~10X) of the over 300 sequences already in the public domain. Following variant quality checks, we identified approximately 32.3 million sequence variants and 661,943 HD autosomal variants mapped to the Bos taurus reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2). The new datasets were generated as part of the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH) Genomic Reference Resource for African Cattle (GRRFAC) initiative, which aspires to facilitate the generation of this livestock resource and hopes for its utilisation for complete indigenous breed characterisation and sustainable global livestock improvement.

Published
2024
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150. Non-volatile magnon transport in a single domain multiferroic

Author

Sajid Husain, Isaac Harris, Peter Meisenheimer, Sukriti Mantri, Xinyan Li, Maya Ramesh, Piush Behera, Hossein Taghinejad, Jaegyu Kim, Pravin Kavle, Shiyu Zhou, Tae Yeon Kim, Hongrui Zhang, Paul Stevenson, James G. Analytis, Darrell Schlom, Sayeef Salahuddin, Jorge Íñiguez-González, Bin Xu, Lane W. Martin, Lucas Caretta, Yimo Han, Laurent Bellaiche, Zhi Yao, and Ramamoorthy Ramesh

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Antiferromagnets have attracted significant attention in the field of magnonics, as promising candidates for ultralow-energy carriers for information transfer for future computing. The role of crystalline orientation distribution on magnon transport has received very little attention. In multiferroics such as BiFeO3 the coupling between antiferromagnetic and polar order imposes yet another boundary condition on spin transport. Thus, understanding the fundamentals of spin transport in such systems requires a single domain, a single crystal. We show that through Lanthanum (La) substitution, a single ferroelectric domain can be engineered with a stable, single-variant spin cycloid, controllable by an electric field. The spin transport in such a single domain displays a strong anisotropy, arising from the underlying spin cycloid lattice. Our work shows a pathway to understanding the fundamental origins of magnon transport in such a single domain multiferroic.

Published
2024
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