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Léon Degrelle, líder del partido fascista belga Rex, escribió varios libros de contenido político, ideológico y militar durante el período comprendido entre la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y su muerte, en 1994, etapa que pasó en España como refugiado político. Analizamos el uso de expresiones xenófobas y racistas, el silencio, primero, sobre el genocidio cometido por el Tercer Reich sobre los judíos, y, posteriormente, su negación, y la exaltación de la figura de Hitler. El artículo aporta una reflexión sobre si la acusación al colectivo judío de inventar el Holocausto ayuda a justificar la violencia neonazi, y sobre la negación de los crímenes nazis como forma de violencia sobre las víctimas del Tercer Reich. Léon Degrelle, leader of the Belgian fascist Rex party, wrote several books with political, ideological and military content during the period between the end of the Second World War and his death in 1994, a stage he spent in Spain as a political refugee. We analyze the use of xenophobic and racist expressions, the silence, first, about the genocide committed by the Third Reich on the Jews, and, later, its denial, and the exaltation of the figure of Hitler. The article provides a reflection on whether the accusation of the Jewish community of inventing the Holocaust helps to justify neo-Nazi violence, and on the denial of Nazi crimes as a form of violence against the victims of the Third Reich.

The selection process for the teaching profession in public elementary education is difficult, which can lead to the appearance of disruptive states in applicants. For this reason, the present study aimed to establish the relationship between study hours and the levels of stress, burnout, and resilience in applicants to the Spanish public teaching profession. Accordingly, this objective was achieved by (a) developing an explanatory model of study hours according to levels of stress, burnout, and resilience, and (b) contrasting this model through a multigroup analysis according to whether students performed more than 3 h of physical activity per week. A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 4117 applicants (31.03 6.800), using an ad hoc socio-demographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale for data collection. The results revealed that participants who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week showed lower levels of stress and burnout syndrome, manifesting higher levels of resilience. Furthermore, better associations between resilience and the other constructs were also observed for people who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week. In conclusion, the practice of physical activity can help to decrease stress and develop key elements for the selective exam of the Spanish public teaching corps.

Indoor environments with a deficient mechanical ventilation, could increase exposure to exhaled contaminants. This situation is critical in hospital environments such as hospital rooms. In this situation, a portable air cleaner system based on high efficiency air filters maybe a solution by itself or combined with mechanical ventilation systems to reduce the concentration of aerosols in hospital room environments. In this study the influence of the location of a portable air cleaner based on high efficiency air filters on the exposure to exhaled contaminants of a health worker close to a patient lying on a bed was investigated. The experimental setup consists of a hospital room (40.84 m3) with two breathing thermal manikins, BTM. One BTM was lying on the bed (patient) and the other BTM was stand up near the bed (health worker). Each BTM has its own independent breathing system with the capability of performing different breathing flows. Both BTM inhale and exhale through the mouth with a respiration frequency of 17.90 min-1 (inhalation) and 16.43 min-1 (exhalation). Both has minute volume 9.46 (l/min) and tidal volume 0.55 l. The BTM lying on a bed, simulated the source of exhaled contaminants and exhales particles sized 0.57-0.76 μm. A total air flow rate of 150 m3/h (3.67 ACH) was used in all experimental tests. The total air flow rate was generated only by the air cleaner, only by the ventilation system or using a combination of the air cleaner and the ventilation system. The concentration of particles was measured in the inhalation of the standing BTM close to bed, and in other points of the room to analyse the influence of air cleaner location on the exposure to airborne contaminants. The results suggest that the air diffusion plays an important role in the exposure to exhaled contaminants in a hospital room. In these indoor environments, low values in the exposure to exhaled contaminants can be obtained using a combination of a portable air cleaner located near the source of contaminants and the ventilation system or using only 100% air flow rate in the ventilation system., CLIMA 2022 conference, 2022: CLIMA 2022 The 14th REHVA HVAC World Congress

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) elite controllers are heterogeneous due to different immunovirological features. We aimed to identify plasma biomarkers associated with loss of spontaneous HIV-1 control in long-term elite controllers (HIV-LTECs). We performed a retrospective study in 60 HIV-LTECs [36 true-LTECs and 24 LTECs losing control (LTECs-LC)]. We selected a plasma sample from true-LTECs (towards the middle of the follow-up period) and two samples from LTECs-LC (one far from the loss of control and another close to loss of control). Plasma biomarkers were evaluated using multiplex immunoassays. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis provided the variable importance in projection (VIP), and the adjusted Generalized Linear Model provided the adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR). At the moment of the first LTECs-LC samples, the only plasma biomarker with a VIP≥1.5 was sTNF-R1, which showed higher values in LTECs-LC than true-LTECs [aAMR=1.62 (95%CI=1.20-2.19); p=0.001]. After a median of 3.9 (IQR=4.5) years of follow-up from the first sample, we also had access to a second plasma sample from 10 LTECs-LC patients. At the moment of this second LTECs-LC sample, the only plasma biomarker with VIP≥1.5 was also sTNF-R1, which showed higher values in LTECs-LC than true-LTECs [aAMR=1.93 (95%CI=1.41-2.65); p