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Recurrence is a major factor in the poor prognosis of patients with glioma. The aim of this study was to predict glioma recurrence using machine learning based on radiomic features.We recruited 77 glioma patients, consisting of 57 newly diagnosed patients and 20 patients with recurrence. After extracting the radiomic features from T2-weighted images, the data set was randomly divided into training (58 patients) and testing (19 patients) cohorts. An automated machine learning method (the Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool) was applied to generate 10 independent recurrence prediction models. The final model was determined based on the area under the curve (AUC) and average specificity. Moreover, an independent validation set of 20 patients with glioma was used to verify the model performance.Recurrence in glioma patients was successfully predicting by machine learning using radiomic features. Among the 10 recurrence prediction models, the best model achieved an accuracy of 0.81, an AUC value of 0.85, and a specificity of 0.69 in the testing cohort, but an accuracy of 0.75 and an AUC value of 0.87 in the independent validation set.Our algorithm that is generated by machine learning exhibits promising power and may predict recurrence noninvasively, thereby offering potential value for the early development of interventions to delay or prevent recurrence in glioma patients.

Objectives Motor imagery has been used to investigate the cognitive mechanism of motor control. Although behavioral and electrophysiological changes in motor imagery in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have been reported, deficits in different types of imagery remain unclear. To explore this question, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to study neural correlates of visual imagery (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI) and their relationship to cognitive function in people with aMCI. Method A hand laterality judgement task was used to induce implicit motor imagery in 29 people with aMCI and 40 healthy controls during EEG recording. Mass univariate and multivariate EEG analysis was applied to explore group differences in a data-driven manner. Results Modulation of stimuli orientation to ERP amplitudes differed significantly between groups at two clusters located in the posterior-parietal and frontal areas. Multivariate decoding revealed sufficient representation of VI-related orientation features in both groups. Relative to healthy controls, the aMCI group lacked accurate representation of KI-related biomechanical features, suggesting deficits in automatic activation of KI strategy. Electrophysiological correlates were associated with episodic memory, visuospatial function, and executive function. Higher decoding accuracy of biomechanical features predicted better executive function via longer RT in the imagery task in the aMCI group. Discussion These findings reveal electrophysiological correlates related to motor imagery deficits in aMCI, including local ERP amplitudes and large-scale activity patterns. Alterations in EEG activity are related to cognitive function in multiple domains, including episodic memory, suggesting the potential of these EEG indices as biomarkers of cognitive impairment.

Decay properties known in neutral atoms can be altered significantly if all or most bound electrons are removed. Straightforwardly, in fully-ionised nuclei, the decay channels involving electrons are simply disabled. Also decay modes, that are hindered or completely blocked in neutral atoms, may, respectively, become dominant or open up in highly charged ions. Few-electron ions are by themselves clean systems with well-defined quantum numbers, in which the interactions within the remaining electrons can either be excluded or treated precisely, thereby allowing for investigations of the influence of atomic shell on nuclear decay properties. Violent stellar environments characterised by high temperatures and densities lead to high ionisation degrees of nuclides involved in nucleosynthesis processes. In spite of the rich motivation for studying radioactive decays of highly charged ions, intensive measurements became possible only after heavy-ion storage rings coupled to radioactive-ion beam facilities became available. Presented here is a compact review of the relevant experimental techniques and experiments.

As short cantilever members, corbels are mainly used to transfer eccentric loads to columns. Because of the discontinuity of load and geometric structure, corbels cannot be analyzed and designed using the method based on beam theory. Nine steel-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete (SFRHSC) corbels were tested. The width of the corbels was 200 mm, the cross-section height of the corbel column was 450 mm, and the cantilever end height was 200 mm. The shear span/depth ratios considered were 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4; the longitudinal reinforcement ratios were 0.55%, 0.75%, and 0.98%; the stirrup reinforcement ratios were 0.39%, 0.52%, and 0.785%; and the steel fiber volume ratios were 0, 0.75%, and 1.5%. According to the test results, this paper discusses the failure process and failure mode of corbel specimens with a small shear span/depth ratio and analyzes the effects of variables such as shear span/depth ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, stirrup reinforcement ratio, and steel fiber volume content on the shear capacity of corbels. The shear capacity of corbels is significantly affected by the shear span/depth ratio, followed by the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the stirrup reinforcement ratio. Moreover, it is shown that steel fibers have little impact on the failure mode and ultimate load of corbels, but can enhance the crack resistance of corbels. In addition, the bearing capacities of these corbels were calculated by Chinese code GB 50010-2010 and further compared with ACI 318-19 code, EN 1992-1-1:2004 code, and CSA A23.3-19 code, which adopt the strut-and-tie model. The results indicate that the calculation results by the empirical formula in the Chinese code are close to the corresponding test results, while the calculation method based on the strut-and-tie model of a clear mechanical concept yields conservative results, and hence the related parameter values must be further modified.

The recently synthesized triangulenes with non-bonding edge states could have broad potential applications in magnetics, spintronics and electro-optics if they have appropriate electronic structure modulation. In the present work, strategies based on molecular orbital theory through heteroatom doping are proposed to redistribute, reduce or eliminate the spin of triangulenes for novel functional materials design, and the role of B, N, NBN, and BNB in such intended electronic structure manipulation is scrutinized. π-Extended triangulenes with tunable electronic properties could be potential nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with appropriate inhibition of their polyradical nature. The elimination of spin is achieved by B, N, NBN, and BNB doping with the intended geometric arrangement for enhanced polarity. Intended doping of BNB results in an optimal structure with large static first hyperpolarizability (〈

We developed an in situ self-corrosion photodeposition method for the fabrication of a self-standing hollow Fe–NiOHx catalyst with an excellent OER activity and remarkable stability in alkaline media.

Supplementary Table 1 from Cisplatin Depletes TREX2 and Causes Robertsonian Translocations as Seen in TREX2 Knockout Cells

Cisplatin, an anticancer drug, forms DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) that interfere with replication, whereas TREX2 is a 3′→5′ exonuclease that removes 3′ mismatched nucleotides and promotes cellular proliferation. Here, we show that TREX2 is depleted in human cells derived from cancer after exposure to cisplatin but not other genotoxins including another cross-linking agent, mitomycin C (MMC), indicating a potential role for TREX2 depletion in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. To better understand TREX2 cellular function, we deleted TREX2 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by gene targeting and find these cells exhibit reduced proliferation and gross chromosomal rearrangements including Robertsonian translocations (RbT). Quite interestingly, ES cells exposed to cisplatin also exhibit RbTs. By contrast, RbTs are not observed for ES cells exposed to MMC, indicating that RbTs are not caused by ICLs but instead TREX2 depletion by either cisplatin exposure or mutation. Taken together, our results show that cisplatin depletes TREX2 and causes genomic instability that is similarly observed in TREX2-mutant cells. Thus, cisplatin has two potential cytotoxic activities: (a) the generation of ICLs and (b) the depletion of TREX2. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9077–83]

Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Most colorectal cancers are classical adenocarcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma is a unique histological subtype that is known to respond poorly to chemoradiotherapy. The difference in prognosis between mucinous adenocarcinoma and classical adenocarcinoma is controversial. Here, to gain insight into the differences between classical adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma, we analyse 7 surgical tumour samples from 4 classical adenocarcinoma and 3 mucinous adenocarcinoma patients by single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results indicate that mucinous adenocarcinoma cancer cells have goblet cell-like properties, and express high levels of goblet cell markers (REG4, SPINK4, FCGBP and MUC2) compared to classical adenocarcinoma cancer cells. TFF3 is essential for the transcriptional regulation of these molecules, and may cooperate with RPS4X to eventually lead to the mucinous adenocarcinoma mucus phenotype. The observed molecular characteristics may be critical in the specific biological behavior of mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Aims The aim of this study was to identify brain regions with local, structural, and functional abnormalities in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and uncover the differences between DLB and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neural networks involved in the identified abnormal brain regions were further described. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, OVID, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify neuroimaging studies that included DLB versus healthy controls (HCs) or DLB versus AD. The coordinate‐based meta‐analysis and functional meta‐analytic connectivity modeling were performed using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm. Results Eleven structural studies and fourteen functional studies were included in this quantitative meta‐analysis. DLB patients showed a dysfunction in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule and right lingual gyrus compared with HC patients. DLB patients showed a relative preservation of the medial temporal lobe and a tendency of lower metabolism in the right lingual gyrus compared with AD. The frontal‐parietal, salience, and visual networks were all abnormally co‐activated in DLB, but the default mode network remained normally co‐activated compared with AD. Conclusions The convergence of local brain regions and co‐activation neural networks might be potential specific imaging markers in the diagnosis of DLB. This might provide a pathway for the neural regulation in DLB patients, and it might contribute to the development of specific interventions for DLB and AD., This study shows that the brain structure and function damage of dementia with Lewy body is selective and specific, which is significantly different from that of AD. The frontal‐parietal, salience, and visual networks were all abnormally co‐activated in DLB, but the default mode network remained normally co‐activated compared with AD.

Reciprocity is a generic feature in various physical systems because it is directly associated to the symmetry of physical laws under time reversal. The breaking of the reciprocity is vitally important in numerous fields, such as the control of energy flux, imaging technologies and topological insulators. For instance, electrical diodes, as a typical nonreciprocal representative in electronic systems, have already contributed to substantial scientific revolutions in many aspects, including integrated circuits, lighting and signal indication. Motivated by the electrical diodes, thermal diodes exhibiting the rectifying effect on thermal energy are achieved in nonlinear lattices. Similarly, the nonreciprocity in photonic systems can be realized by many mechanisms, such as the nonlinearity of optical medium and the mode conversion. Synchronously, the concept of the nonreciprocity further extends to phononic systems. The main means to achieve acoustic nonreciprocity are based on the nonlinearity of acoustic material, dynamic element, and magnetoelastic interaction. However, the nonlinear approach introduces the inherently low conversion efficiency, the dynamic scheme has difficulty in application at high-speed modulation or on nanoscale, and the method based on magnetoelastic interaction has small bandwidth and high frequency, which have severe limitations for practical application of the nonreciprocity. From the perspectives of principles, history, and problems, this paper reviews in detail the progress of the nonreciprocity based on nonlinearity, dynamic components, and magnetoelastic interactions. Some existing problems with these methods were pointed out. For example, the nonreciprocal solution based on nonlinear media has low energy conversion efficiency, it is difficult to miniaturize the nonreciprocal device based on dynamic components because of itself complexity, and the bandwidth of nonreciprocity based on magnetoelastic interaction is narrow. Correspondingly, improvement of the energy conversion efficiency based on the nonlinear medium, more reasonable design of a dynamic modulation system, and widening broadband of nonreciprocity in the magnetoelastic system, can be researched in the future. For example, in order to reduce the nonreciprocal frequency of magnetoelastic system, it is worth studying the unidirectional transmission of sound waves in the magnetoelastic system under a dynamic magnetic field. For the sake of realizing a nonreciprocal system with no external power source and high conversion efficiency, the nonreciprocity of acoustic waves in a magnetoelastic system under a zero magnetic field may become a focus of future research. In addition, since each scheme has its advantages, the combined effects of multiple schemes may overcome the shortcomings of a single scheme and achieve more significant nonreciprocal effects. So far, the combined effects between nonlinearity and dynamic components have not received much attention. We expect that research of nonreciprocity will be extended to both nonlinear and spatiotemporally modulated systems in the future. The combined effects between nonreciprocity and magnetoelastic interaction may become an important content of future research. Finally, considering practical engineering application, there are still many aspects worthy of further study, such as the miniaturization of nonreciprocal devices, optimal design of nonreciprocity based on optimization theory, and adjustable nonreciprocity based on smart materials or structures. In short, the nonreciprocity of acoustic metamaterials is an important field of scientific research, which has potential applications, such as rectification, vibration and noise reduction, sensing, and bioimaging.

Rubberized concrete is an environmentally friendly building material that mixes rubber particles from old automobile tires into normal concrete in place of fine aggregate. The addition of rubber particles can improve the abrasion resistance of normal concrete observably. It has a good application prospect in hydraulic engineering, especially in the concrete building parts with high abrasion resistance. However, there are few experimental studies on the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete, and the influence law and mechanism of rubber particles on the abrasion resistance of concrete are not understood. In this paper, the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete is studied using the underwater-steel-ball method. The results show that rubber particles increase the slump of concrete mixtures. The abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete increases significantly with increasing rubber particle content, whereas the compressive strength decreases linearly. For the same rubber particle size and content, the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete positively correlates with compressive strength and larger rubber particles significantly improve the abrasion resistance. Rubber particle content is the factor that most strongly affects abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete, followed by the compressive strength. Rubber particle pretreatment methods of NaOH + KH570 can significantly improve the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete.

Background: Anosognosia, or unawareness of memory deficits, is a common manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but greatly variable in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects. Self-referential network (SRN) is responsible for self-referential processing and considered to be related to AD progression. Objective: Our aim is to explore connectivity changes of SRN and its interaction with memory-related network and primary sensorimotor network (SMN) in the AD spectrum. Methods: About 444 Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative subjects (86 cognitively normal [CN]; 156 SCD; 146 aMCI; 56 AD) were enrolled in our study. The independent component analysis (ICA) method was used to extract the SRN, SMN, and memory-related network from all subjects. The alteration of functional connectivity (FC) within SRN and its connectivity with memory-related network/SMN were compared among four groups and further correlation analysis between altered FC and memory awareness index as well as episodic memory score were performed. Results: Compared with CN group, individuals with SCD exhibited hyperconnectivity within SRN, while aMCI and AD patients showed hypoconnectivity. Furthermore, aMCI patients and AD patients both showed the interruption of the FC between the SRN and memory-related network compared to CN group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that disruptive FC within SRN and its interaction with memory-related network were related to memory awareness index and episodic memory scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, impaired memory awareness and episodic memory in the AD spectrum are correlated to the disconnection within SRN and its interaction with memory-related network.

The current study has obtained excellent potential nonlinear optical(NLO) materials by combining density functional theory methods with sum-over-states model to predict the second order NLO properties of helical graphene nanoribbons(HGNs) through introducing azulene defects or/and BN units. The introduction of these functional groups deforms the pristine HGN (compression or tension) and enhances obviously the static first hyperpolarizability(〈β0〉) of system by up to two orders of magnitude. The tensor components along the helical axis of HGNs play a dominant role in the total 〈β0〉. The azulene defects and the BN units polarize the pristine HGN to different degrees, and the azulenes and contiguous benzenes are involved in the major electron excitations with significant contributions to 〈β0〉 but the BN units are not. The BN-doped chiral HGNs have good kinetic stability and strong second order NLO properties(6.84 × 105 × 10−30 esu), and can be a potential candidate of high-performance second order NLO materials. The predicted two-dimensional second order NLO spectra provide useful information for further exploration of those helicenes for electro-optic applications.

The recent successful growth of MoSi2 N4 and WSi2 N4 monolayers led to the discovery of a new class of the two-dimensional (2D) MA2 Z4 materials with no known 3D layered allotropes, which renders great possibilities to integrate diverse properties by proper design of sandwiched "MZ2 " building blocks and "A-Z" passivation layers. In this work, the dynamic stability, electronic properties, and surface reactivity of the new MA2 Z4 family, in which M is Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, A refers to Si or Ge, and Z is N, P or As, is theoretically probed. Among the proposed 54 possible combinations, about 42 compositions are dynamically stable, which vary from non-magnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, to ferromagnetic semiconductors, metals and half-metals. In particular, the VB (V, Nb, Ta) MA2 Z4 possesses robust intrinsic ferromagnetism that is essential for spintronics applications. In regard to surface activity, most MA2 Z4 , particularly N- or P-terminated IVB and VB MA2 Z4 , have high catalytic potential for hydrogen evolution, and the ▵GH of non-magnetic MA2 Z4 is highly correlated to the highest occupied p electronic states of the surface Z atoms. The photocatalytic activity is also evaluated. MoSi2 N4 and WSi2 N4 within 4 % tensile strain are capable of photocatalytic overall water splitting. The findings indicate the new 2D MA2 Z4 family has fascinating properties and possesses strong potential for applications but not limited to electronics, spintronics and catalysts, which will stimulate the interests of experimental synthesis.

Salience network (SN), playing a vital role in advanced cognitive function, is regarded to be impaired in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The purpose of the study was to explore the importance of structural and functional features of SN in the diagnosis of SCD and aMCI. Structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected from SCD, aMCI, and healthy control (HC). Cortex thickness, gray matter (GM) volume, spontaneous brain activity, functional connectivity (FC) within SN, and its relationship with cognitive function were analyzed. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess diagnostic efficacy of altered indictors for SCD and aMCI. Compared to HC, both SCD and aMCI showed decreased GM volume, decreased spontaneous brain activity, and increased FC within SN, while aMCI showed additional decreased cortex thickness. Furthermore, the altered FC in SCD and aMCI was significantly correlated with cognitive function. Particularly, the best-fitting classification models of SCD and aMCI were based on the combined multiple indicators. In conclusion, structure and function of SN were disrupted in SCD and aMCI, which involved in cognitive decline. The combined multiple indicators of SN provided powerful biomarkers for the diagnosis of SCD and aMCI.