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Due to the harmful nature of the traditional inhibitors, in recent years researchers have an interest in using eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. The plant extracts exhibit efficient corrosion inhibition properties due to the presence of a mixture of organic constituents starting from terpenoids to flavonoids. In the present study the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in 1N H2SO4 solution using the leaf extract of Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) was investigated by the weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. Characterization of the leaf extract of P. pinnata was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. The effect of temperature and immersion time on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in sulfuric acid with different concentrations of P. pinnata was also studied. From the results it was found that the inhibition is mainly attributed to the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the mild steel electrode surface. It was found that the adsorption of inhibitor molecules takes place according to the Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Kinetic as well as thermodynamic parameters were calculated, also confirming the strong interaction between inhibitor molecules and the electrode surface. The inhibition efficiency (I.E in %) was found to increase with increase in concentration of the inhibitor molecules and the maximum inhibition efficiency was attained at 100 ppm of the leaf extract. From the electrochemical studies it was found that the corrosion process was controlled by a mixed inhibition process and single charge transfer mechanism. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided the confirmatory evidence for the adsorption of the extract molecules on the mild steel surface, which is responsible for the corrosion inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) experiments also confirmed the presence of inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface. From all these experimental results, it can be concluded that the leaf extract of P. pinnata acted as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1N sulfuric acid medium even at lower inhibitor concentrations.

A simple, sensitive and inexpensive LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for for the simultaneous detection and quantification of (five) neonicotinoid insecticides in sugarcane juice. The juice samples were extracted with acetonitrile and subsequent cleanup was done by dispersive solid-phase extraction (QuEChERS method). The quantification was carried out by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI-MS/MS). After the optimization of the extraction parameters, the method was validated by evaluating linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision (repeatability) and accuracy (recovery). Validation was based on analyses at three fortification levels that showed satisfactory recoveries (62.06–129.93%) and high precision (RSDs between 2.52% and 14.57%). Detection levels for all the five analytes ranged from 0.0007 to 0.002 μg g−1 and quantification level ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 μg g−1, respectively.

Several factors are responsible for recent climatic anomalies includes seasonal and inter-annual variability of rainfall in the region in which regional and global sea surface temperature (SST) changes is the most significant factor. It is well recognized that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of climate variability on seasonal to inter-annual scales and its impacts are felt worldwide. Seasonal to inter-annual rainfall fluctuations strongly affect the success of agriculture and the abundance of water resources. Daily rainfall data at district scale was obtained from India Meteorological Department (IMD) for a period of 43 years (1971–2013) was categorized based on the ENSO episodes and the analysis was performed for the rainfed cropping period (RCP, September–December). A week (7 days) with the cumulative rainfall amount of 50 mm was considered as one wet spell. Non rainy days observed continuously for a decade (10 days) that period was considered to be one dry spell. Results revealed that El Niño conditions positively influenced the rainfall. Compared to neutral years, La Niña years received less rainfall as it showed the negative deviation in most of districts of Tamil Nadu. More wet spell and lesser dry spell weeks was observed under El Niño condition while the lesser wet spell and more dry spell was observed under La Niña conditions. Higher amount of rainfall during El Niño led to more number of wet spells under El Niño event.

The g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O composite photocatalysts (PCs) were successfully synthesized via facile calcination and hydrothermal supported technique. Various analytical techniques including XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM with EDX mapping, HR-TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL and EIS spectra were used to exhibit the effective construction of g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O composite PCs. The g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O heterostructure composite exposed superior visible-light photo-degradation performance of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) dye could be still reached 90.3% and 94.5% respectively. The upgrading of visible-light absorption, reduced the bandgap, promoting the charge separation ability and also strong-coupling heterostructured interface among g-C3N4 to SnO2-Cu2O, which were accountable for the development of the photocatalytic performance. The photo-degradation rate constant of g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O PCs was calculated to be 3.86 folds greater for MB (0.0282 min−1) and 4.68 folds greater for RhB dye (0.0328 min−1) compared to pristine g-C3N4, hence verifying its beneficial photocatalyst for cationic and also an anionic dyes removal. However, OH− and h+ are the predominant redox species accountable for the major impact of the MB aqueous dye photo-degradation process. This study delivers a facile and suitable way to make a visible-light active photocatalyst capable property for prospective practical application in environmental protection.

To construct rGO/SrTiO3 nanocomposite using a facile hydrothermal synthetic approach for enhanced photocatalytic application. In this study, the structural, morphological, elemental, surface compositional, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of rGO/SrTiO3 nanocomposites were investigated. From the various analyses, the synthesized nanocomposites produce heterostructure formation between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and SrTiO3. By the optical analysis, the results showed that prepared ESG 10 photocatalyst has efficient charge separation and migration with suppressed recombination probability of photogenic charge carriers. The photocatalytic reactivity of the synthesised photocatalysts was evaluated by methylene blue (MB) aqueous dye and 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) degradation under UV-Visible (UV-Vis.) light irradiation. Therefore, the ESG 10 photocatalyst exhibited a maximum removal efficiency of 91% and 81% over MB dye and 2-NP, respectively. In contrast to other samples, the introduction of rGO could suggestively enhance the photocatalytic activity by increasing the amount of rGO, and the degradation rate was also reduced after the optimal level of rGO. The radicals involved in the degradation process are investigated by scavenger experiments. The recycle experiment reveals that the ESG 10 photocatalyst does not show any major loss of activity after 4 consecutive runs. Meanwhile, the possible reaction mechanism and interface characteristics are also discussed.

Effective improvement of an easily recoverable photocatalyst is equally vital to its photocatalytic performance from a practical application view. The magnetically recoverable process is one of the easiest ways, provided the photocatalyst is magnetically strong enough to respond to an external magnetic field. Herein, we prepared graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (g-C3N4), and ZnS quantum dots (QDs) supported ferromagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as the gC3N4/ZnS/CoFe2O4 nanohybrid photocatalyst by a wet-impregnation method. The loading of CoFe2O4 NPs in the g-C3N4/ZnS nanohybrid resulted in extended visible light absorption. The ferromagnetic g-C3N4/ZnS/CoFe2O4 nanohybrid exhibited better visible-light-active photocatalytic performance (97.11%) against methylene blue (MB) dye, and it was easily separable from the aqueous solution by an external bar magnet. The g-C3N4/ZnS/CoFe2O4 nanohybrid displayed excellent photostability and reusability after five consecutive cycles. The favourable band alignment and availability of a large number of active sites affected the better charge separation and enhanced photocatalytic response. The role of active species involved in the degradation of MB dye during photocatalyst by g-C3N4/ZnS/CoFe2O4 nanohybrid was also investigated. Overall, this study provides a facile method for design eco-friendly and promising g-C3N4/ZnS/CoFe2O4 nanohybrid photocatalyst as applicable in the eco-friendly dye degradation process.

In this work, the ZnS QDs , Bi/β-Bi 2O4 and ZnS/Bi/β-Bi2O4 nanocomposite were synthesized through a facile precipitation, solvothermal and wet impregnation route respectively. The combination of bare ZnS QDs with Bi/β-Bi2O4 nanocomposite exhibits superior photocatalytic activity against toxic pollutants (MB & Rh B) and it’s attributed to the increased light-absorption capacity, efficient charge transfer process, extraordinary exciton separation, less photogenerated electron-hole recombination. The ZnS/Bi/β-Bi2O4 nanocomposite was found to be 3 times more efficient as a photocatalyst than pristine ZnS QDs. Besides, this composite demonstrates good stability for photocatalytic activities, no substantial decomposition of activity is being observed after 5 cycle’s run devoid of a main defeat in their performance. Scavenger test were also implemented in order to appreciate the possible mechanism of photodegradation. This superior photocatalytic activity and stability may offer a new sight in the improvement of a photocatalyst with large efficiency for practical application of wastewater treatment.

A dual Z-scheme g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite was synthesized through a simple wet impregnation technique. The phase purity and optical behavior of the synthesized samples were characterized by various analytical techniques. The morphology consequences indicated that Co3O4 nanorods and V2O5 nanoparticles were effectively embedded on the exterior of g-C3N4 nanosheets. The emission properties and energy band gap measurement of g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite reveal suppression of e−-h+ recombination and the optical absorption are redshifted to the visible region. The photodegradation capability of the prepared samples was assessed against mixed organic dyes (methylene blue (MB) and methyl yellow (MY)) under visible light illumination. The g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite established that the enhanced photocatalytic properties in the photodegradation of mixed dyes compared to bare and hybrid samples. The as-prepared g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite shows the enhanced degradation efficiency for 93.8 and 93.2% over the MY and MB aqueous dyes under the visible light irradiation. Notably, the g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 photocatalyst was recycled in four consecutive runs with no noticeable loss of catalytic performance. A synergistic dual Z-scheme g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 photocatalyst could be constructed based on the energy band matching within g-C3N4, Co3O4 and V2O5 NPs.

In this work, the highly efficient novel gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite was successfully made by a simple hydrothermal technique. The structural, morphological, chemical composition, specific surface area and optical properties of as-prepared gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite was investigated by different characterization tools such as XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM with SAED pattern, high-resolution XPS, UV-Vis. DRS absorption, PL spectra, and BET analyses respectively. The photo-degradation efficiency of as-prepared gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag photocatalyst over aqueous MB dye degradation was evaluated under visible-light irradiation. The ternary gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag composite photocatalysts exhibit photocatalytic upgrading activity (95.29%), which is very high compared to other as-prepared samples. Also, the gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag hybrid photocatalysts showed excellent degradation activity and excellent cycling stability even after four successive recycles. Moreover, the higher photocatalytic performance of the gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag catalyst might be attributed to the increased visible-light absorption ability, lower bandgap values, and efficient charge separation also the migration properties respectively.

Rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) mainly attacks whole grains such as wheat, corn, barley and rice and have been found actively breeding in such foods. The host range of S. oryzae now extended to split pulses. An experiment was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory, TNAU, Coimbatore during 2014-2015 to study the comparative development of sorghum, redgram and rice breeding population of S. oryzae feeding on cereals and split redgram dhal. The assessed parameters were survival percentage, per cent mortality and F1 progeny. The per cent mortality was higher in sorghum breeding population while feeding on redgram (98.33%) and rice (44.67%). In case of redgram breeding population per cent mortality was maximum in rice (21.67%) and sorghum (19.67%). The survival percentage was maximum in sorghum population while feeding on sorghum (95 %). F1 progeny emergence of sorghum breeding population was higher while feeding on sorghum (75.67%) and rice (36.67%). In case redgram breeding population F1 progeny emergence was maximum in redgram (62.33%) and sorghum (15.33%), whereas in rice breeding population maximum progeny emergence was observed in rice (72.33%) and sorghum (65.67%). The cereal bred population did not survive on redgram, whereas redgram bred population able to survive on cereals, but the progeny emergence and their development was affected.

Climate projections have confirmed the need to adapt to a changing climate, but have been less beneficial in guiding how to effectively adapt. The reason is the uncertainty cascade, from assumptions about future emissions of greenhouse gases to what that means for the climate to real decisions on a local scale. Each of the steps in the process contains uncertainty and these uncertainties from various levels of the assessment accumulate. This cascade of uncertainty should be critically analyzed to inform decision makers about the certain range of future changes. Most widely used approaches like Bayesian and Monte Carlo gives specific values of parameters and their confidence, yet for agricultural decision making the range of possible changes itself is required as such to understand impact at every point of these ranges. This paper addresses these issues and examines the uncertainties in climate projections at a local scale. In the study locations (Coimbatore and Thanjavur), irrespective of the models, scenarios and time slices, the maximum and minimum temperatures are projected to increase with seasonal variations. With certainty, the projected increase in maximum and minimum temperature over Coimbatore is 0.2 to 4.1 ºC and 0.3 to 5.3 ºC and over Thanjavur is 0.3 to 4.6 ºC and 0.2 to 5.2 ºC, respectively. Rainfall is projected to vary between a decrease of 15.0 to an increase of 73.1 percent for Coimbatore and a decrease of 15.3 to an increase of 80.7 per cent for Thanjavur during the 21st century. On comparing the monsoon seasons, southwest monsoon (SWM) is projected to have a higher increase in both maximum and minimum temperature than northeast monsoon (NEM) for both the study locations, similar to their current trends. Rainfall is projected to increase more in NEM than in SWM.

An efficient analytical method was developed and validated using a modified QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS for the detection and quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in rice whole grain and rice straw. The samples were extracted using acetonitrile and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction. Validation based on five fortification levels showed good recoveries of neonicotinoids ranging from 75% to 116 % and 60% to 105 % for rice whole grain and straw, respectively. The precision ranged between 3% and 17 %, and 2% and 10 % for grain and straw, respectively. The limit of detection was from 0.007 to 0.0084 mg kg

The determination of PN system through reduction methods in recent years focused by many researchers. In a petrinet model of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS), places represents unassertive elements like materials, moderators, vessels etc. A black dot in a place implies a variability of a specified materials, number of black dots denote the availability of number of resource operations at a particular time. In this paper by making use of resource oriented petrinet (ROPN) which can be taken away from the petrinet model, which completely decreases the complexity and reduce the size of petrinet models. ROPN allows only to calculate the total production cost in order to minimising costs to centre stations. Some net models are presented in an example by assuming that workstations are not homogeneous that is for example the cost for running is not the same. The running cost is to be optimized on the total cost of production in addition maximize line time of centre station.

Easily recyclable photocatalysts have received considerable attention for their practical application, in order to address the wastewater treatments. Here, we report efficient and magnetically recyclable ZnS–WO3–CoFe2O4 nanohybrid prepared through wet impregnation method. The photophysical and optical properties of as-prepared photocatalysts was investigated by different spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic activity of as synthesized samples were assessed by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation. Amongst, ZnS–WO3–CoFe2O4 nanohybrid exhibit higher photodegradation activity than the other bare and hybrid samples. The enhanced light absorption and lower emission intensity provide the improved photocatalytic activity of ZnS–WO3–CoFe2O4 nanohybrid. The ZnS–WO3–CoFe2O4 nanohybrid exhibit excellent photostability after four consecutive cycles. The ferromagnetic behavior of the hybrid sample using easily recover from the dye solution using an external bar magnet.

In this work, we have developed a magnetically recoverable Bi2Te3/CdS/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. The Bi2Te3/CdS/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite was prepared via a simple wet impregnation method and characterized using a wide range of characterization techniques to analyze the structural, photophysical, and magnetic properties. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared nanomaterials was evaluated against the MB dye under visible light exposure. Among the as-prepared photocatalyst samples, the magnetically recoverable Bi2Te3/CdS/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite exhibited an excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 97.15% against MB dye within 180 min time duration. The rate constant of the Bi2Te3/CdS/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite is almost 2.25, 2.60, and 3.36 times higher than that of Bi2Te3, CdS, and CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, respectively. The Bi2Te3/CdS/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite retained the effective photodegradation capability for five consecutive cycles. The ferromagnetic behavior of the Bi2Te3/CdS/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite was utilized for the easy recovery of the photocatalyst using an external bar magnet. The photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the generation of superoxide and hole radicals during MB dye degradation.

Hexagonal Array Grammars (HAG) were introduced by K.G. Subramanian [4]. HAG increased the capacity of generating the hexagonal arrays on triangular grid. In this paper, using the Triangular Array Grammars (TAG) and Octagonal Array Grammars (OAG), we increasing the generative capacity for triangular and octagonal arrays. A system of the family of Triangular Array Language (TAL) and Octagonal Array Language (OAL) are presented.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) supported by zinc-oxide nanoparticles with a ZnMgAl layered-triple-hydroxide (LTH) hybrid was synthesised via direct hydrothermal treatment. In the present investigation, the photocatalytic activity of the prepared hybrid materials was investigated using methylene blue and colourless phenol under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of LTH, MWCNT, and MWCNT ZnO LTH is 48.11%, 4.4%, and 96.7% respectively. The prepared hybrid nanostructure shows a high photocatalytic property due to its synergetic effect, high charge carrier separation, and enhanced visible light absorption surface. The results indicated that the introduction of MWCNTs into the prepared catalyst can increase the photocatalytic activity because the oxidised MWCNTs act as a charge/electron transfer medium in the composite material. The trapping study was performed to examine the role of the active species in the photodegradation process. The abundance of more hydroxyl groups on the surface of the MWCNTs and in the LTH may efficiently improve the photocatalytic activity. The use of MWCNTs improved the catalytic activity of the prepared photocatalyst. The prepared hybrid material especially enhances the visible light absorption and, thus, the photocatalytic activity and cycle stability of the catalyst material.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) assisted tin oxide (SnO2) nanorods were successfully prepared using the solvothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis. The EDA significantly influences the crystallite size and crystallinity of the prepared SnO2. The optical absorption spectra after the addition of EDA showed the absorption edge red-shifted, which improves the absorption toward the visible-light region. Similarly, the spectral intensity of photoluminescence emission was decreased after the addition of EDA. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was investigated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV–visible light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic activity was attained for the nanorods structured with SnO2, which is higher than that of pristine SnO2 due to the effective visible-light absorption and high charge separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.

A reduced graphene oxide supported g-C3N4/NiMgAl layered triple hydroxide (LTH) hybrid novel photocatalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal process, and its photocatalytic degradation activity was assessed against the methylene blue (MB) dye. The obtained experimental outcomes show that the as-prepared LTH are anchored on the surfaces of negatively charged g-C3N4 and r-GO nanosheets. The dye degradation capacity of as-prepared samples was examined under visible-light irradiation and the r-GO supported g-C3N4/LTH hybrid formation shows significantly improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity along with good reusability. The electrochemical performances of as-prepared samples were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Nyquist plots and photocurrent measurement by three-electrode based system. As compared to other samples the r-GO/g-C3N4/LTH hybrid photocatalyst shows better electrochemical and photocatalytic activity. The improved catalytic performance may be due to the synergistic effect among the photocatalyst and high charge-carrier separation efficiency. The r-GO acted an agent to enhance the charge carrier separation in heterojunction, which consequently enhanced the photocatalytic activity. The current effort could open a new way for the preparation of visible-light-driven LTH based nanomaterials for effectual photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants.

In this study, L-arginine-capped cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared using the hydrothermal process. The formation, morphology, and physicochemical properties of the prepared samples were successfully characterized using different analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Visible) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye under visible-light. It was observed that 86.3% MO dye removal efficiency was achieved over L-arginine-capped CdTe NPs, which was 1.6 times higher than that of the bare CdTe NPs. Interestingly, the L-arginine-capped CdTe photocatalyst was recycled in four consecutive runs without significant activity loss.

We examine the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of ZnO/graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (g-CN) composite material for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible-light irradiation (VLI). The polymeric g-CN materials were fabricated by the pyrolysis of urea and thiourea. More importantly, ZnO/g-CN nanostructured composites were fabricated by adding the different mounts (60, 65, 70, and 75 wt.%) of g-CN into ZnO via the simple hydrothermal process. Among fabricated composites, the 75% ZnO/g-CN nanocomposites displayed a superior PCA for MB degradation, which were ~three-fold an enhancement over the pure ZnO nanoparticles. The fabricated materials have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. More importantly, the photodegradation of MB could get 98% in ZnO/g-CN could be credited to efficient separation of photo-induced charge carriers between ZnO and g-CN. Also, the recycling efficiency of the as-prepared composites was studied for multiple cycles, which shows that the photocatalysts are stable and suitable to carry out photocatalytic degradation in the logistic mode. Additionally, the probable photocatalytic mechanism has also discussed. The synthetic procedure of ZnO/g-CN based materials can be used in numerous fields such as environmental and in energy storage applications.

Background: Incomplete and erroneous prescriptions affect the effective management of patients. The undergraduates of today are the physicians of tomorrow. Hence, the need for inculcating good prescription writing practice from undergraduate level to improve quality of healthcare. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a sensitization program on the effective prescription writing skills of second year MBBS students.Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January and November 2017 among 149 second year medical students. The prescriptions by students were assessed prior to and after a sensitization program which emphasized on the importance of each component of the prescription, need for generic prescribing and rational use of drugs.Results: After the sensitization program, there was significant improvement in mentioning of all components (p

Azo dyes, a kind of synthetic dye stuff, have a wide range of applications in textile, leather, food and printing industries, but it causes adverse health effects to human beings and to the ecosystem. Herein, we report the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye, by using ZnS/ZnCr2O4 nanohybrid sample. The samples were prepared by simple precipitation process and characterized in order to investigate its crystallinity, morphology, functional group, photophysical properties, elemental composition and mapping. The amino acid capped ZnS/ZnCr2O4 nanohybrid show enhanced photocatalytic properties in the photodegradation of azo dye, compared to that of bare ZnS QDs and ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles. The nanohybrid remain unaffected after four cycles of azo dye degradation. The enhanced performance might be due to the formation of interface between ZnS QDs and ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles. The methionine capped ZnS/ZnCr2O4 nanohybrid provide a new hope to develop an efficient and commercializable photocatalyst with improved efficiency.

Sunlight driven photocatalysis is the next step of environmental remediation, which can utilize the renewable energy to cure environmental problems. Herein we report a magnetically recoverable ZnS/Ag/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite photocatalyst for sunlight driven photocatalytic dye degradation. The composition, structure, morphology, magnetic and photophysical properties of the as prepared samples were investigated by a wide range of characterization methods. The ZnS/Ag/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite demonstrated sunlight driven photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of two different organic dye pollutants. The radical scavenging tests were conducted to examine the role of different radicals in degrading the dye pollutants. With demonstrated ferromagnetic behavior, the ZnS/Ag/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was magnetically recoverable using a commercial bar magnet. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite were also examined against both G+ (Staphylococcus aureus) and G− (Escherichia coli) bacteria's. Relatively, the ZnS/Ag/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite showed better antibacterial activity as compared to CoFe2O4 NPs and Ag/CoFe2O4 samples.

Herein, we report the controlled growth of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures by simple hydrothermal method. Three different nanostructures have been successfully prepared by varying the citric acid concentration. The composition, structure, morphology and photophysical properties of the synthesized samples were examined by a wide range of characterization techniques. The photocatalytic activities of WO3 samples with different morphologies were evaluated via the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Among the synthesized samples, the hollow sphere like WO3 nanostructures showed higher degradation efficiency and along with reusability for five consecutive run without any activity loss.

Herein, we focused on the preparation of Glutathione (GHS) capped ZnS, CdS and inverted type-I ZnS@CdS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) through reflux condensation method. The XRD and HR-TEM analysis confirms the formation of core-shell QDs with corresponding crystal structures. The optical properties and band energy of the as prepared samples were evaluated from optical absorption study. The blue shift of absorption was observed in the core-shell QDs system which may be due to the quantum size effect. The EDX and elemental mapping study confirm the existence of Zn, Cd and S elements in the as-prepared material. When compared to ZnS and CdS QDs, the as prepared ZnS@CdS QDs shows improved photocatalytic activity toward the MB dye degradation due to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pair. The inverted ZnS@CdS core-shell structure not only enhances the light absorption also to reduce the charge recombination of the photocatalysts for the effective charge and energy transfer between the components during degradation. Finally, the scavenging activity and reusability of the ZnS@CdS core-shell QDs samples were examined under UV–Vis. Light irradiation.

Indoor positioning system is a challenge for most military operations because conventional technologies like GPS do not work in indoor conditions. Also at this point in time there is no proven technology that is globally accepted that provides indoor navigation and positioning. In this project a indoor positioning system based on a combination of technologies and features is proposed that can provide the best possible solution to this requirement. This project uses a combination of 3D accelerometer to provide information about the movement of the person. A 3D 360° Digital magnetometer which provides information about the direction of movement. A Gyroscope which provide information about the person’s orientation and finally a barometric pressure transducer that uses atmospheric pressure as reference to calculate the height or elevation of the individual. Thus using these multiple inputs and a slew of processing and calculations can provide information about the movement and location of a person in 3D space additionally this information can be transmitted using wireless communication technologies to keep track of the respective position on soldiers inside a building where GPS and other conventional technologies do not work. If every soldier is provided with a device like this then a military operation can be coordinated easily from a remote location by knowing the respective location of all the soldiers. The location of various soldiers can be plotted on a software like LabVIEW on a remote computer terminal in a control room away from the danger zone.

This project aims to gather information from an industry by means of the internet of things IOT . Internet of Things IOT is rapidly increasing technology. IOT is the network of physical objects or things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. In this project, We are developing a system which will automatically monitor the industrial application such as, Motors speed, energy consuming of the industry, single phasing effect and no of loads connected, etc., This informations are uploaded on the internet user can view the information on the internet from anywhere and at any time. The data are stored in the internet cloud user can view it at any time. If the user found any single phasing in supply or some other issues user can get information from anywhere by means of internet. In this modern industries this technology K. Bhuvaneswari "IoT Based Industrial Information Gathering" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15935.pdf

In the computation of picture patterns in formal language theory, tile pasting system has played a vital role. Tile pasting p system and their variants are the methods used to generate tiling patterns, picture languages and tessellations. In this paper types of triangular tile pasting system called extended triangular tile pasting system (ETTPS) and k-table extended triangular tile pasting system (K-table ETTPS) are defined with suitable examples. It also introduces extended triangular tile pasting P system and parametric triangular tile pasting P system to generate triangular picture languages. Parametric triangular tile pasting P system is a syntactic method to generate tile patterns and picture languages. The most interesting study in this work is generating the language digitized right angled triangles with holes by the pasting rules of triangular tile pasting P system. And the computational powers of parametric and extended triangular tile pasting P systems are examined with the generating power of triangular tile pasting P system.

A survey was conducted to know the insecticide usage pattern in leafy vegetables and found that dimethoate was the most frequently used insecticide. A field trail was conducted to know the dissipation pattern of dimethoate in foxtail amaranthus and spinach during October - November, 2017. Dimethoate 30 EC was sprayed twice as foliar treatment at 10 days interval @ 200 and 400 g a.i ha-1. The samples were collected from 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DAT), extracted by modified QuEChERS method and analyzed by LCMS. The mean initial deposit (1 h after spraying) of dimethoate at 200 and 400 g a.i ha-1 were 7.25 µg g-1 and 19.51 µg g-1 for foxtail amaranthus and 18.37 µg g-1 and 29.46 µg g-1 for spinach, respectively. The residues reached below detectable level of < 0.05 µg g-1 at 10 days after treatment in foxtail amaranthus and 15 and 20 DAT in spinach for both doses. Half-life of dimethoate residues were 0.85 and 0.86 days in foxtail amaranthus; 2.22 and 1.12 days in spinach at 200 and 400 g a.i ha-1, respectively.

A survey was conducted on insecticide use pattern adopted in cashew cultivation by selecting 30 progressive farmers in each of Cuddalore, Pudukottai and Perambalur districts of Tamil Nadu. The information on insecticides used, application interval and knowledge on compatibility of insecticides and number of application of insecticides were collected and expressed in percentage. The survey indicated endosulfan, monocrotophos, cypermethrin, lamdacyhalothrin and fenvalerate as the common insecticides. On the whole cashew farmers were found to have apparent knowledge on the quantity of insecticide/dosage (55.6%) and spray fluid requirement (32.2%) when compared to other details of insecticide usage like name of the pesticide, compatibility and spray interval. Among these monocrotophos, endosulfan and lambdacyhalothrin were selected for monitoring studies. The cashew nut samples were collected for three months at 20 samples/month from processing unit and multi-residue analysis was performed. None of the samples collected had detectable level of residues. A laboratory study was conducted on the impact of commonly followed processing steps on resulting residues of monocrotophos (720 ppm), endosulfan (700 ppm) and lamdacyhalothrin (50 ppm) on cashew nut. The initial deposit detected after an hour of treatment was 36.16, 67.79 and 31.39 mg/kg. The shelling process has resulted in 93.58, 96.2 and 97.13% reduction of initial deposit and the residues were found to be 2.32, 2.63 and 0.90 mg/kg, respectively. The insecticide residues reached below detectable limit (BDL) after roasting of the nuts and removal of testa layer.

In the field of computer science, theory of computation is a branch that discusses how efficiently a problem can be solved by a model of computation. And it helps to understand the nature of the method involved in the computation. It provides more efficient theoretical methods. Among the methods membrane computing is a model based on living cells in a biological system. Gh. Paun introduced P system to generate strings and arrays. Array rewriting P system is a model in which arrays are rewritten by the array grammar rules. This paper introduced parallel iso-array rewriting P system, table-parallel iso-array rewriting P system and explained with suitable examples. Computational power of these iso-array rewriting P systems are compared with generating power of an existing model called iso-array rewriting P system with context-free iso-array rules.

An analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy was developed and validated for the determination of thiamethoxam residues in banana fruit and stem tissue samples. In this study, Waters Alliance LC and Acquity TQD were used with an electrospray ionization interface in the positive ion mode. An isocratic flow of 0.5% HCOOH in water and 0.05% HCOOH in CH3CN was used for separation. Thiamethoxam residue was extracted from the samples using CH3CN and a dispersive solid-phase extraction method was used for subsequent cleanup. Linearity studies were conducted between 0.001 and 0.1 μg mL-1 of standard solution with three replicates for each concentration. Satisfactory recoveries (107.21 to 115.16% and 90.94 to 109.22%) and high precision (relative standard deviations of 3.71 to 12.83% and 3.24 to 10.78%) were obtained for the banana stem and banana fruit matrix, respectively. The lower limits of detection and quantification achieved were 0.002 and 0.008 μg g-1 for banana stem and 0.001and 0.005 μg g-1for banana fruit, respectively. The developed method was used to analyze the banana stem and fruit samples collected from thiamethoxam-treated fields and stems from the local market.