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Data Security has always been a challenge while sharing sensitive information and a lot of techniques have been developed to achieve it. Security should not hamper the availability of the data and hence, a technique that caters to both is needed. The use of classical and modern encryption technique are very common and are becoming prone to attacks by crypto-analytics. Due to the technological advancement, new ideas of data security comes very rapidly. For this reason the use of blockchain has become profound but the actual security of the data encryption technique always depends on the choice of the key. Stronger key leads to high data security. The paper aims to explore the concept of DNA encoding to propose a data encryption algorithm. It uses a dynamic DNA encoded table which contains different combination of four DNA bases A, C, G, and T but the main feature of dynamic DNA sequence table is its randomness which is changed for different characters in ASCII code in each run time. This randomness in the encryption disables attackers to perform any sort of statistical analysis to decipher the encrypted text or guess the key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present times, medical image security becomes a hot research topic in the healthcare sector. This paper presents an efficient lightweight image encryption model based on the Dynamic key generating Attribute based encryption (ABE) method with Opposition based joint Grey Wolf-Whale Optimization Algorithm (OjGW-WOA). The proposed encryption method undergoes certain pre-encryption steps like rotation and random column addition steps. Once the pre-encryption steps are done, ABE with OjGW-WOA is incorporated, where the optimal key is generated based on entropy value. In addition, the oppositional based learning concept is introduced to enhance the convergence rate and searching process of GWO and WOA algorithms. Next, the proposed encryption method is designed with a dynamic key generating model that generates updated keys during every time period. Therefore, during decryption, two-level key verification is done. At the first decryption stage, the key corresponding to that particular time period is required, then the original key is generated from that key and then employed for decrypting the original data. The proposed method is simulated using MATLAB tool and a detailed comparative results analysis is carried out. The performance of the proposed work is validated with the aid of performance metrics like Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), number of changing pixel rate (NPCR) and unified averaged changed intensity (UACI). The experimental results stated that the presented model has resulted to a higher PSNR of 62.29 dB, NPCR of 99.23%, and UACI of 23.67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Cryptography has revolutionized information security by combining rigorous biological and mathematical concepts to encode original information in terms of a DNA sequence. Such schemes are crucially dependent on corresponding DNA-based cryptographic keys. However, owing to the redundancy or observable patterns, some of the keys are rendered weak as they are prone to intrusions. This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm inspired method to strengthen weak keys obtained from Random DNA-based Key Generators instead of completely discarding them. Fitness functions and the application of genetic operators have been chosen and modified to suit DNA cryptography fundamentals in contrast to fitness functions for traditional cryptographic schemes. The crossover and mutation rates are reducing with each new population as more keys are passing fitness tests and need not be strengthened. Moreover, with the increasing size of the initial key population, the key space is getting highly exhaustive and less prone to Brute Force attacks. The paper demonstrates that out of an initial 25 × 25 population of DNA Keys, 14 keys are rendered weak. Complete results and calculations of how each weak key can be strengthened by generating 4 new populations are illustrated. The analysis of the proposed scheme for different initial populations shows that a maximum of 8 new populations has to be generated to strengthen all 500 weak keys of a 500 × 500 initial population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, COVID-19 is still spreading and affecting millions of people worldwide. Minimizing the need for travel can significantly reduce the probability of infection and improve patients’ quality of life. The wireless body area network (WBAN) transmits the patients’ physiological data to the doctor remotely through the sensors in a way that minimizes physical contact with others. However, existing WBAN security authentication schemes have a core limitation that includes weak authentication performance and overconsumption of resources that precludes their widespread adoption in practical applications. Therefore, in this article, an enhanced dual-factor authentication system that addresses the mentioned drawbacks is proposed for securing WBAN resources. By combining iris and electrocardiogram (ECG) features, users would be required to pass the first-level iris authentication before performing the second-level ECG authentication, thus enhancing the overall security scheme of a WBAN system. Furthermore, we examined the existing inter-pulse-interval (IPI) encoding methods and propose a more efficient ECG IPI encoding algorithm, which can effectively shorten the encoding time without affecting the overall encoding performance. Finally, extensive experiments were performed to verify the performance of the proposed dual-factor iris and ECG-based WBAN authentication system using public iris and ECG databases. The experimental results show that the false acceptance rate (FAR) is close to 0.0%, and the false rejection rate (FRR) is close to 3.2%. Findings from this study suggest that the proposed dual-factor authentication scheme could aid the adequate deployment of security schemes to protect WBAN resources in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring network that provides temporary connections to several wireless nodes. Trust mechanisms are employed in routing protocols to quickly locate a safe path. Because of its openness and complexity, MANET can be attacked in a number of ways. To begin mitigating potential security risks, a number of different cryptographic key generation strategies are explored. A key management system for MANET security is available with different encryption techniques. Identity with Trust Level based Cryptography Model (ITLCM) is used to generate multiple keys and distribute these to particular targets. At this stage, key management protocols are essential to any secure group architecture of communication. Because of its dynamic topology which extensively affects its application, the multi key management is an essential task. When compared to more conventional methods of protecting a network, MANET security is entirely novel. Security routing protocol implementation is difficult since it requires the production and distribution of multiple keys. To provide both connection and message protection without relying on third parties, the Neighbor Trust Weight based Routing Model (NTWRM) is designed. In the proposed model, a trusted node is selected to monitor all of the nodes in the routing process to create a stable multi-key distribution environment that enhances MANET performance. In comparison with traditional methods, the proposed model shows that its findings are better than the existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual machines (VMs) are preferred by the majority of organizations due to their high performance. VMs allow for reduced overhead with multiple systems running from the same console at the same time. A physical server is a bare-metal system whose hardware is controlled by the host operating system. A physical server runs on a single instance of OS and application. A virtual server or virtual machine encapsulates the underlying hardware and networking resources. With the existing physical server, it is difficult to migrate the tasks from one platform to another platform or to a datacentre. Centralized security is difficult to setup. But with Hypervisor the virtual machine can be deployed, for instance, with automation. Virtualization cost increases as well as a decrease in hardware and infrastructure space costs. We propose an efficient Azure cloud framework for the utilization of physical server resources at remote VM servers. The proposed framework is implemented in two phases first by integrating physical servers into virtual ones by creating virtual machines, and then by integrating virtual servers into cloud service providers in a cost-effective manner. We create a virtual network in the Azure datacenter using the local host physical server to set up the various virtual machines. Two virtual machine instances, VM1 and VM2, are created using Microsoft Hyper-V with the server Windows 2016 R. The desktop application is deployed and VM performance is monitored using the PowerShell script. Tableau is used to evaluate the physical server functionality of the worksheet for the deployed application. The proposed Physical to Virtual to Cloud model (P2V2C) model is being tested, and the performance result shows that P2V2C migration is more successful in dynamic provisioning than direct migration to cloud platform infrastructure. The research work was carried out in a secure way through the migration process from P2V2C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security is necessary for performing the effective data communications in internet and cloud environment. The data security in cloud is becoming very challenging task due to the presence of huge volume of cloud users. Even though, the various secured cloud data storage mechanisms are available and tried to fulfill the current requirement in terms of security level and efficiency. However, the available works are not obtained the enough security level and the efficiency while storing and sharing the data in cloud. For this purpose, this work proposes a new secured storage method for providing data security to store the data securely in cloud. The proposed system consists of three different algorithms for performing prime number generation, digital signature creation for generating keys, encryption, decryption and authorization. Here, a new technique to find a co-prime number which is used to generate keys in key generation process and also useful for performing encryption and decryption process. Moreover, a new key generation technique is also introduced for elliptic curve cryptography and digital signature algorithm using polynomial congruence for performing key generation process securely. In addition, a new elliptic curve and polynomial congruence based encryption/decryption algorithms for performing data encryption and decryption in the process of data storage and communication. Finally, the user authenticity is verified by the proposed digital signature algorithm in this work. The experiments have been conducted for evaluating the proposed secured storage and communication system and proved as better than others in terms of efficiency and security level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-to-end authentication in 5G communication networks is a prominent requirement due to the growing application demands and autonomously shared user data. The lack of data-related attributes and the communicating platform serves as a challenging issue in securing the shared content. Besides, administering security for the generated data is less feasible due to un-traceability and handoff experienced in the network. A Non-Redundant Traffic Authentication Scheme (NRTAS) is presented and the main objective of this proposed work provide a reliable authentication based on classifying the traffic. A traffic classification model is developed to categorize the traffic generated by the user equipment. A tree-based process is employed for linear and discrete authentication to enhance network performances. To succeed high connectivity secure 5G communication and information sharing in a heterogeneous platform is presented. The effectiveness of proposed NRTAS-5G communication network approach is executed in Opportunistic network environment (ONE) simulator version: 1.2. The NRTAS achieves 8.09% less access time, reduces the traffic load by 13.69%, and improves the success ratio by 5.36% for 150 UEs (User Equipment's). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biometric features, e.g., fingerprints, the iris, and the face, have been widely used to authenticate individuals. However, most biometrics are not cancellable, i.e., once these biometric features are cloned or stolen, they cannot be replaced easily. Unlike traditional biometrics, brain biometrics are extremely difficult to clone or forge due to the natural randomness across different individuals, which makes them an ideal option for identity authentication. Most existing brain biometrics are based on electroencephalogram (EEG), which is usually demonstrated unstable performance due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For the first time, we propose the use of intracortical brain signals, which have higher resolution and SNR, to realize the construction of the high-performance brain biometrics. Specifically, we put forward a novel brain-based key generation approach called multidimensional Gaussian fitted bit allocation (MGFBA). The proposed MGFBA method extracts keys from the local field potential of ten rats with high reliability and high entropy. We found that with the proposed MGFBA, the average effective key length of the brain biometrics was 938 bits, while achieving high authentication accuracy of 88.1% at a false acceptance rate of 1.9%, which is significantly improved compared to conventional EEG-based approaches. In addition, the proposed MGFBA-based keys can be conveniently revoked using different motor behaviors with high entropy. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of using intracortical brain signals for reliable authentication and other security applications.

Eliminating the risk of bugs and external decryption in cryptographic keys has always been a challenge for researchers. The current research is based on a new design that uses an Omega network-based pseudorandom DNA key generation method to produce cryptographic keys for symmetric key systems. The designed algorithm initially takes two random binary numbers as inputs to the Omega network design, generating an output of 256 symmetric keys. The Omega network uses the concept of the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA and RNA properties), including DNA replication (for DNA) and the transcription process (for RNA). The NIST test suite is applied to test the security properties of the proposed design. According to the study's findings, the suggested design is significantly suited to achieve the NIST test security properties and passes all of the NIST recommended tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical-layer key generation technology requires information reconciliation to correct channel estimation errors between two legitimate users. However, sending the reconciliation signals over the public channel increases the communication overhead and the risk of information leakage. Aiming at the problem, integrated secure communication schemes using non-reconciled keys have attracted extensive attention. These schemes exploit channel coding to correct both inconsistent keys and transmission error bits. Meanwhile, more redundant code bits must be added to correct errors, which results in a lower secure transmission rate. To address the problem, we analyze the merit of channel correlation between non-reconciled key generation and secure transmission. Inspired by this, we propose a non-reconciled physical-layer keys-assisted secure communication scheme based on channel correlation. First of all, the signal frame is designed to make use of channel correlation between non-reconciled key generation and secure transmission. Based on the channel correlation, non-reconciled keys are then generated from the wireless channel to encrypt transmitted data. Moreover, an adaptive coding algorithm based on the equivalent channel is presented to encode the data bits before encryption, to guarantee reliable transmission. Finally, theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate the significant performance of the proposed scheme in terms of low bit error ratio and high secure transmission rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group communication is widely used by most of the emerging network applications like telecommunication, video conferencing, simulation applications, distributed and other interactive systems. Secured group communication plays a vital role in case of providing the integrity, authenticity, confidentiality, and availability of the message delivered among the group members with respect to communicate securely between the inter group or else within the group. In secure group communications, the time cost associated with the key updating in the proceedings of the member join and departure is an important aspect of the quality of service, particularly in the large groups with highly active membership. Hence, the paper is aimed to achieve better cost and time efficiency through an improved DC multicast routing protocol which is used to expose the path between the nodes participating in the group communication. During this process, each node constructs an adaptive Ptolemy decision tree for the purpose of generating the contributory key. Each of the node is comprised of three keys which will be exchanged between the nodes for considering the group key for the purpose of secure and cost-efficient group communication. The rekeying process is performed when a member leaves or adds into the group. The performance metrics of novel approach is measured depending on the important factors such as computational and communicational cost, rekeying process and formation of the group. It is concluded from the study that the technique has reduced the computational and communicational cost of the secure group communication when compared to the other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physically unclonable function (PUF) has been implemented with circuits that perform amplification of randomly given small process mismatch by using an explicit amplifier or by making a signal path repeatedly experience the same delay skew in an oscillator. Though the amplifier approach provides a fast response, it is vulnerable to noise at the first stage of amplification. On the other hand, the oscillator-based scheme requires a longer time to develop a digital output while achieving good noise immunity. This article proposes a PUF circuit exploiting a hybrid architecture, which combines a process skew amplification scheme in an oscillator collapse topology. The proposed scheme compensates for the drawbacks of the two approaches while achieving merits of them, i.e., high sensitivity to process variation and good immunity to noise. The supply rails of an even-stage ring oscillator (RO) are alternately fed from a diode-based threshold-sampling block. An IC with an array of 128 PUF cells is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS, showing a native bit error rate (BER) of 0.027%. Processing of 7-b temporal majority voting (TMV7) with a 3.64% masking demonstrates an error-free operation in a nominal condition. It shows a BER of 0.0019% in the worst condition under a voltage range of 0.7–1.4 V and a temperature range of −40 °C to 125 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the public has become more aware of security concerns, and the demand for convenient and efficient encryption technology has increased. Biological data is used in identity authentication and key generation as the innate characteristic information of people. Biological key have the advantage of convenience and fast application without carrying any document; however, they also have the disadvantage of biological characteristic leaks and the inability to change. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of biological key, we propose the concept of semantic key. Language, a medium that fills the lives of people, has similar characteristics of convenience and fast application as biological key; however, semantic key will not reveal biological information. As the amount of semantic information is large, it can be changed at any time. Compared with biological key, it provides better security and flexibility. Therefore, we propose a semantic key generation framework of semantic extraction + feature stabilization + fuzzy extraction that improves the existing semantic extraction model and feature stabilization model and design the semantic key extraction model. In terms of artificial sentence formation, semantic key can be extracted with an accuracy of more than 99%, and an error rate of less than 0.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT devices are slowly turning out to be an essential part of our everyday lives. These devices perform one operation, and they specialize in doing so. When communicating with these devices, we need to set up a secured key preventing unauthorized communications. We have been using the plug-and-play model for electronic devices for decades. These IoT devices fall into the same realm. The plug–pair–play connection model follows the same principle so that the user does not feel the added pressure of remembering a complex password or rely on a default credential. It helps to generate a secret that is only known to the device and its user. We used elliptic curve cryptography to circumvent the resource limitations on the device. The model establishes a zero-trust pattern where all requests and responses are validated and verified before being processed. This paper provides a unique way to set up a secret key for each user and device pair without much user interaction. The model sets the path to end-to-end secured communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Healthcare system is an organization that consists of important requirements corresponding to security and privacy, for example, protecting patients’ medical information from unauthorized access, communication with transport like ambulance and smart e-health monitoring. Due to lack of expert design of security protocols, the healthcare system is facing many security threats such as authenticity, data sharing, the conveying of medical data. In such situation, block chain protocol is used. In this manuscript, Efficient Block chain Network for securing Healthcare data using Multi-Objective Squirrel Search Optimization Algorithm (MOSSA) is proposed to generate smart and secure Healthcare system. In this the block chain is a decentralized and the distributed ledger device that consists of various blocks linked with digital signature schemes, consensus mechanisms and chain of hashing, offers highly reliable storage capabilities. Further the block chain parameters, such as block size, transaction size and number of block chain channels are optimized with the help of MOSSA. With the evolution of the MOSSA provide new features for enhancing security and scalability. The simulation process is executed in the JAVA platform. The experimental result of the proposed method shows higher throughput of 26.87%, higher efficiency of 34.67%, lowest delay of 22.97%, lesser computational overhead of 37.03%, higher storage cost of 34.29% when compared to the existing method such as Block chain-ECIES-HSO, Block chain-hybrid GO-FFO, Block chain-SDN-HSO algorithm for healthcare technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every organization in this digital age is expected to exponentially increase its digital data due to generations from machines. The advanced computations of Big Data are now showing various opportunities for the researchers who work on security enhancements to ensure the efficient accessibility of the data stores. Our research work aims to derive a Fusion-based Advanced Encryption Algorithm (FAEA) for a cost-optimized satisfiable security model toward the usage of Big Data in the cloud. The FAEA method is evaluated for its performance toward efficiency, scalability, and security and proved to be 98% ahead of the existing methods of Security Hadoop Distributed File System Sec (HDFS) and Map Reduce Encryption Scheme (MRE). On the other hand, this work aims to address the problems of usage of Big Data in the cloud toward the sole solution, cost-effective solutioning, and proof of ownership. The outcome analysis of FAEA revolves around addressing these three major problems. This research work would be much helpful for the IT industries to manage Big Data in Cloud with security aspects for the decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of slow channel changes and low key generation rate in IoT quasi-static scenarios, a key generation method based on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) was proposed.First, the agility characteristics of RIS was used to construct a fast-changing channel.Then, the base station and legitimate users extracted a consistent key from the channel information through channel estimation, conversion, and information negotiation.Finally, optimal time allocation for data transmission and key generation in the coherent time to achieve the maximum transmission rate of one-time pad.The simulation results show that the key generation rate of proposed method is higher than that of the existing relay-assisted method, random signal flow method and random number method, and as the number of RIS reflection units and frequency of channel estimation in the coherence time increase, the key generation rate will be further improve.

Aiming at the problems of slow channel changes and low key generation rate in IoT quasi-static scenarios, a key generation method based on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) was proposed. First, the agility characteristics of RIS was used to construct a fast-changing channel. Then, the base station and legitimate users extracted a consistent key from the channel information through channel estimation, conversion, and information negotiation. Finally, optimal time allocation for data transmission and key generation in the coherent time to achieve the maximum transmission rate of one-time pad. The simulation results show that the key generation rate of proposed method is higher than that of the existing relay-assisted method, random signal flow method and random number method, and as the number of RIS reflection units and frequency of channel estimation in the coherence time increase, the key generation rate will be further improve.

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a network of healthcare devices such as wearables, diagnostic equipment, and implantable devices, which are linked to the internet and can communicate with one another. Blockchain (BC) technology can design a secure, decentralized system to store and share medical data in an IoMT-based intelligent healthcare system. Patient records were stored in a tamper-proof and decentralized way using BC, which provides high privacy and security for the patients. Furthermore, BC enables efficient and secure sharing of healthcare data between patients and health professionals, enhancing healthcare quality. Therefore, in this paper, we develop an IoMT with a blockchain-based smart healthcare system using encryption with an optimal deep learning (BSHS-EODL) model. The presented BSHS-EODL method allows BC-assisted secured image transmission and diagnoses models for the IoMT environment. The proposed method includes data classification, data collection, and image encryption. Initially, the IoMT devices enable data collection processes, and the gathered images are stored in BC for security. Then, image encryption is applied for data encryption, and its key generation method can be performed via the dingo optimization algorithm (DOA). Finally, the BSHS-EODL technique performs disease diagnosis comprising SqueezeNet, Bayesian optimization (BO) based parameter tuning, and voting extreme learning machine (VELM). A comprehensive set of simulation analyses on medical datasets highlights the betterment of the BSHS-EODL method over existing techniques with a maximum accuracy of 98.51%, whereas the existing methods such as DBN, YOLO-GC, ResNet, VGG-19, and CDNN models have lower accuracies of 94.15%, 94.24%, 96.19%, 91.19%, and 95.29% respectively.

Cryptography allows our data to be transmitted without giving sensitive information away. This is the art of hiding the information from the malicious third party and making the data accessible to only the sender and the receiver. Building a complex cryptosystem has always been a challenge that can provide relentless security and is infeasible to break. This paper discusses a hybrid cryptosystem that is inspired by the concepts of DNA cryptography and it is further strengthened using multiple components. A random key is used which is generated using the run test of randomness, different DNA encoding combinations, and a state-changing random state mealy machine is used for further strengthening the security. This paper provides a detailed discussion regarding every component the authors used to build the system and also discusses about the vulnerabilities that they found in the existing works with also an overview on how they have addressed them. This paper also discusses the effectiveness and the performance of the proposed system to give an overview of its security measures and also provides some comparative analysis with existing works to back the claim on improved security features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of devices for the Internet of Things (IoT) and their implication in many activities of our lives have led to a considerable increase in concern about the security of these devices, posing a double challenge for designers and developers of products. On the one hand, the design of new security primitives, suitable for resource-limited devices, can facilitate the inclusion of mechanisms and protocols to ensure the integrity and privacy of the data exchanged over the Internet. On the other hand, the development of techniques and tools to evaluate the quality of the proposed solutions as a step prior to their deployment, as well as to monitor their behavior once in operation against possible changes in operating conditions arising naturally or as a consequence of a stress situation forced by an attacker. To address these challenges, this paper first describes the design of a security primitive that plays an important role as a component of a hardware-based root of trust, as it can act as a source of entropy for True Random Number Generation (TRNG) or as a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) to facilitate the generation of identifiers linked to the device on which it is implemented. The work also illustrates different software components that allow carrying out a self-assessment strategy to characterize and validate the performance of this primitive in its dual functionality, as well as to monitor possible changes in security levels that may occur during operation as a result of device aging and variations in power supply or operating temperature. The designed PUF/TRNG is provided as a configurable IP module, which takes advantage of the internal architecture of the Xilinx Series-7 and Zynq-7000 programmable devices and incorporates an AXI4-based standard interface to facilitate its interaction with soft- and hard-core processing systems. Several test systems that contain different instances of the IP have been implemented and subjected to an exhaustive set of on-line tests to obtain the metrics that determine its quality in terms of uniqueness, reliability, and entropy characteristics. The results obtained prove that the proposed module is a suitable candidate for various security applications. As an example, an implementation that uses less than 5% of the resources of a low-cost programmable device is capable of obfuscating and recovering 512-bit cryptographic keys with virtually zero error rate.

This paper introduces an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based hyperchaotic key generation encryption approach that can improve confidentiality in visible light communication (VLC) networks. Using a hyperchaotic four‐dimensional method, the bipolar real‐valued OFDM signal can be used for constructing dynamic cipher keys modified at every frame over the communication time, resulting in a superior degree of protection against malicious attacks. In accordance with our findings, this approach decreases the ratio of peak‐to‐average power of the transmitted signal, and enhances the bit error rate efficiency and secrecy capacity of the OFDM‐based VLC network, which improves confidentiality. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive Health Information (SHI) is a developing patient-centric model of medical data exchange, which is frequently outsourced to be stored at third party servers. Though, there have been various privacy issues as SHI could be disclosed to the unauthorised and third parties. This is a promising method to encrypt the SHI before outsourcing to assure the patients' control over access to their own SHI. However, challenges like scalability in key management and flexible access have remained the most significant issues toward achieving fine-grained, cryptographically data access control. In this paper, the authors proposed a novel patient-centric system model for access control to SHIs stored in semi-honest servers. For fine-grained and scalable access control for SHIs, authors have proposed an encryption technique which is an improvement over RSA techniques to encrypt every patient's SHI file. To different from previous works in secure data transmission, the authors focus on the data owner and divide users into several domains in SHI, which greatly decrease the key management complexity for data owners and users. Comprehensive analytical and experimental results are presented which reflect the efficiency of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of poor encryption security and long encryption time in the existing enterprise financial data encryption, a fast encryption method of enterprise financial data based on blockchain is proposed. Firstly, the enterprise financial data is collected from the enterprise source database with the help of ETL Technology, and the collection is completed with the help of full extraction; Then, the interference data in the data is filtered with the help of Bloom filter, and the data index position is determined with the help of hash function mapping to complete the preprocessing. Finally, with the help of the data layer, network layer, consensus layer, motivation layer and application layer in the blockchain, the data and related encrypted data and timestamp are encrypted in each node, and the data encryption key is generated to complete the rapid encryption of enterprise financial data. The experimental results show that the security coefficient of enterprise financial data encrypted by the proposed method is high, and the encryption time is short. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), broadcast authentication is an important security service that provides secure communication. Several mobile users are allowed by this broadcast authentication service. There are some concerns in the sensor network, which depend on security based on maintaining consumer untracking and privacy for data transmission. To overcome the concern of security issues, an Identity (ID)-based cryptography method is introduced. This paper presented a Pairing-Free Identity-based Digital Signature (PF-IBDS) Algorithm based on Modified Elliptic Curve Cryptography (MECC) by using Battle Royal Optimization Algorithm. The main aim of this paper is to secure the data transmission for message authentication. The proposed protocol is to enhance the speed of authentication, reduce the signature size and speed up the signature verification. Moreover, this paper analyses the security by BAN (Burrows–Abadi–Needham) logic and comparing with the existing protocols. It is verified that the developed protocol is protected and well-organized for peer-to-peer communications. Therefore, the proposed method offers secure key management, fast authentication, and also minimizes the computation overhead. The proposed authentication process is simulated in the Java platform. The performance of this protocol has compared with other existing approaches in terms of key verification time, key generation time and computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present days, exponential growth in the transmission of multimedia data takes place due to a significant rise in network bandwidth and video image compression technologies. However, the transmission of videos over wireless channels often brings an unseen risk that sensitive video details might be corrupted and distributed in an illegal way. So, the security of video transmission has become a hot research topic. Several encryption models have been presented in the literature, yet, it is believed that the performance of encryption process can be further improved. In this perspective, an efficient novel video encryption technique is presented using an enhanced variant of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) model called as EFHE model. By the hybridization of Ducas and Micciancio (DM) with the FHE model presented by Gentry, Sahai, and Waters (GSW), matrix operations vector additions are properly employed in the proposed EFHE model. In addition, a new key generation scheme to increase the fastness of the encryption process. The EFHE model is designed and placed on a cloud environment which leads to reduced cloud user's communication and computation complexity. It is ensured that the presented EFHE model is highly efficient and secure over the compared methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information hiding strategies have recently gained popularity in a variety of fields. Digital audio, video, and images are increasingly being labelled with distinct but undetectable marks that may contain a hidden copyright notice or serial number, or even directly help to prevent unauthorized duplication. This approach is extended to medical images by hiding secret information in them using the structure of a different file format. The hidden information may be related to the patient. In this paper, a method for hiding secret information in DICOM images is proposed based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Firstly. segmented all slices of a 3D-image into a specific block size and collecting the host image depend on a generated key, secondly selected the block number and slice number, thirdly, the low-high band used for embedding after adding the generated number, fourthly, used the Hessenberg transform on the blocks that portioned the band (low-high) in a specific size. The secret information (image or text) is a binary value. It was embedded by setting the positive value in the diagonal to odd values if the embedded is one and setting it to even if the secret bit is zero. Several tests were applied, such as applying mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio PSNR, and structural similarity index measure SSIM. Some analyses such as adding noise, scaling, and rotation analysis are applied to test the efficiency. The results of the tests showed the strength of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key generation and distribution is a fundamental problem of communication security. To avoid the potential risk due to static key, a physical-layer dynamic key generation and encryption scheme is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON) systems. By exploiting the inherent channel randomness, the shared secret key between the OLT and ONU is generated and renewed periodically, thereby effectively improving the security against malicious attacks. The transmission experiment of 3.5 Gb/s 16-quardrature-amplitued-modulatin encrypted OFDM data is successfully demonstrated over a 25 km standard single-mode fiber. The key space of the proposed encryption scheme reaches 1066, which provides privacy between users and protection against eavesdropping.