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851 results on '"Kristiansen, Kristian"'

102. Bronze age wool: provenance and dye investigations of Danish textiles

Author

Frei, Karin Margarita, Mannering, Ulla, Berghe, Ina Vanden, and Kristiansen, Kristian

Subjects
Bronze age -- Research, Wool -- Analysis, Textile industry -- Analysis, Dyeing -- Analysis, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

Recent analysis of the wool textiles from the famous Egtved oak coffin burial in Denmark indicated that the wool had been obtained from beyond Denmark. Was this an isolated case or evidence of a large-scale wool trade in the Danish Bronze Age? To investigate the broader pattern of wool provenance, textile manufacturing and trade practices, strontium isotope and organic dye analyses were conducted on textiles from a variety of selected burial contexts. Strontium isotope analysis revealed that at least 75 per cent of the Bronze Age wool samples originated outside present-day Denmark. Results also showed no evidence for the use of organic dyes, thereby supporting the hypothesis that no dyestuffs were used in Nordic Bronze Age textile production. These results challenge extant interpretations of Scandinavian Bronze Age textile provenance, and demonstrate the complexity of exchange networks in wool textiles during this period. Keywords: Denmark, Bronze Age, strontium isotopes, wool, dye, trade, textiles, Introduction In recent decades, archaeological textile research has contributed new and important information to the understanding of European cultural history (Andersson Strand et al. 2010; Bender Jorgensen & Gromer 2013; [...]

Published
2017
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103. Re-theorising mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe

Author

Kristiansen, Kristian, Allentoft, Morten E., Frei, Karin M., Iversen, Rune, Johannsen, Niels N., Kroonen, Guus, Pospieszny, Lukasz, Price, T. Douglas, Rasmussen, Simon, Sjogren, Karl-Goran, Sikora, Martin, and Willerslev, Eske

Subjects
Anthropological research, Neolithic period -- Research, Emigration and immigration -- Analysis, Material culture -- Analysis, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

Recent genetic, isotopic and linguistic research has dramatically changed our understanding of how the Corded Ware Culture in Europe was formed. Here the authors explain it in terms of local adaptations and interactions between migrant Yamnaya people from the Pontic-Caspian steppe and indigenous North European Neolithic cultures. The original herding economy of the Yamnaya migrants gradually gave way to new practices of crop cultivation, which led to the adoption of new words for those crops. The result of this hybridisation process was the formation of a new material culture, the Corded Ware Culture, and of a new dialect, Proto-Germanic. Despite a degree of hostility between expanding Corded Ware groups and indigenous Neolithic groups, stable isotope data suggest that exogamy provided a mechanism facilitating their integration. This article should be read in conjunction with that by Heyd (2017, in this issue)., Introduction With recent resuhs from ancient DNA research showing an extensive incoming gene flow into Europe shortly after 3000 BC (Allentoft et al. 2015; Haak et al 2015), we are [...]

Published
2017
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106. Ekkehard Aner ✝ und Karl Kersten, Die Funde der Älteren Bronzezeit des Nordischen Kreises in Dänemark, Schleswig-Holstein und Niedersachsen

Author

Kristiansen, Kristian

Abstract

Rezension zu: Ekkehard Aner ✝ und Karl Kersten, Die Funde der Älteren Bronzezeit des Nordischen Kreises in Dänemark, Schleswig-Holstein und Niedersachsen, Band 1-5. Verlag Nationalmuseum København und Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1973–1979, Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 60 Nr. 2 (1982)

Published
2022
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107. Genetic risk for Multiple Sclerosis originated in Pastoralist Steppe populations

Author

Barrie, William, primary, Yang, Yaoling, additional, Attfield, Kathrine E., additional, Irving-Pease, Evan, additional, Scorrano, Gabriele, additional, Jensen, Lise Torp, additional, Armen, Angelos P., additional, Dimopoulos, Evangelos Antonios, additional, Stern, Aaron, additional, Refoyo-Martinez, Alba, additional, Ramsøe, Abigail, additional, Gaunitz, Charleen, additional, Demeter, Fabrice, additional, Jørkov, Marie Louise S., additional, Møller, Stig Bermann, additional, Springborg, Bente, additional, Klassen, Lutz, additional, Hyldgård, Inger Marie, additional, Wickmann, Niels, additional, Vinner, Lasse, additional, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, additional, Sikora, Martin, additional, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, Rodriguez, Santiago, additional, Nielsen, Rasmus, additional, Iversen, Astrid K. N., additional, Lawson, Daniel J., additional, Fugger, Lars, additional, and Willerslev, Eske, additional

Published
2022
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108. The Selection Landscape and Genetic Legacy of Ancient Eurasians

Author

Irving-Pease, Evan K., primary, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, additional, Ingason, Andrés, additional, Pearson, Alice, additional, Fischer, Anders, additional, Barrie, William, additional, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, additional, Halgren, Alma S., additional, Macleod, Ruairidh, additional, Demeter, Fabrice, additional, Henriksen, Rasmus A., additional, Vimala, Tharsika, additional, McColl, Hugh, additional, Vaughn, Andrew, additional, Stern, Aaron J., additional, Speidel, Leo, additional, Scorrano, Gabriele, additional, Ramsøe, Abigail, additional, Schork, Andrew J., additional, Rosengren, Anders, additional, Zhao, Lei, additional, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, Sudmant, Peter H., additional, Lawson, Daniel J., additional, Durbin, Richard, additional, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Allentoft, Morten E., additional, Sikora, Martin, additional, Nielsen, Rasmus, additional, Racimo, Fernando, additional, and Willerslev, Eske, additional

Published
2022
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113. Identifying commoners in the Early Bronze Age

Author

Bergerbrant, Sophie, primary, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, Allentoft, Morten E., additional, Frei, Karin M., additional, Price, T. Douglas, additional, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, additional, and Tornberg, Anna, additional

Published
2017
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120. The Selection Landscape and Genetic Legacy of Ancient Eurasians

Author

Irving-Pease, Evan, Refoyo Martínez, Alba, Ingason, Andrés, Pearson, Alice, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Halgren, Alma S., Macleod, Ruairidh, Demeter, Fabrice, Henriksen, Rasmus Henrik Amund, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Vaughn, Andrew, Stern, Aaron J., Speidel, Leo, Scorrano, Gabriele, Ramsøe, Abigail, Schork, Andrew J., Rosengren, Anders, Zhao, Lei, Kristiansen, Kristian, Sudmant, Peter H., Lawson, Daniel J., Durbin, Richard, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Werge, Thomas, Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Nielsen, Rasmus, Racimo, Fernando, Willerslev, Eske, Irving-Pease, Evan, Refoyo Martínez, Alba, Ingason, Andrés, Pearson, Alice, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Halgren, Alma S., Macleod, Ruairidh, Demeter, Fabrice, Henriksen, Rasmus Henrik Amund, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Vaughn, Andrew, Stern, Aaron J., Speidel, Leo, Scorrano, Gabriele, Ramsøe, Abigail, Schork, Andrew J., Rosengren, Anders, Zhao, Lei, Kristiansen, Kristian, Sudmant, Peter H., Lawson, Daniel J., Durbin, Richard, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Werge, Thomas, Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Nielsen, Rasmus, Racimo, Fernando, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

The Eurasian Holocene (beginning c. 12 thousand years ago) encompassed some of the most significant changes in human evolution, with far-reaching consequences for the dietary, physical and mental health of present-day populations. Using an imputed dataset of >1600 complete ancient genome sequences, and new computational methods for locating selection in time and space, we reconstructed the selection landscape of the transition from hunting and gathering, to farming and pastoralism across West Eurasia. We identify major selection signals related to metabolism, possibly associated with the dietary shift occurring in this period. We show that the selection on loci such as the FADS cluster, associated with fatty acid metabolism, and the lactase persistence locus, began earlier than previously thought. A substantial amount of selection is also found in the HLA region and other loci associated with immunity, possibly due to the increased exposure to pathogens during the Neolithic, which may explain the current high prevalence of auto-immune disease, such as psoriasis, due to genetic trade-offs. By using ancient populations to infer local ancestry tracks in hundreds of thousands of samples from the UK Biobank, we find strong genetic differentiation among ancient Europeans in loci associated with anthropometric traits and susceptibility to several diseases that contribute to present-day disease burden. These were previously thought to be caused by local selection, but in fact can be attributed to differential genetic contributions from various source populations that are ancestral to present-day Europeans. Thus, alleles associated with increased height seem to have increased in frequency following the Yamnaya migration into northwestern Europe around 5,000 years ago. Alleles associated with increased risk of some mood-related phenotypes are overrepresented in the farmer ancestry component entering Europe from Anatolia around 11,000 years ago, while western hunter-gathere

Published
2022

121. Genetic risk for Multiple Sclerosis originated in Pastoralist Steppe populations

Author

Barrie, William, Yang, Yaoling, Attfield, Kathrine E., Irving-Pease, Evan, Scorrano, Gabriele, Jensen, Lise Torp, Armen, Angelos P., Dimopoulos, Evangelos Antonios, Stern, Aaron, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Ramsøe, Abigail, Gaunitz, Charleen, Demeter, Fabrice, Jørkov, Marie Louise S., Møller, Stig Bermann, Springborg, Bente, Klassen, Lutz, Hyldgård, Inger Marie, Wickmann, Niels, Vinner, Lasse, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Sikora, Martin, Kristiansen, Kristian, Rodriguez, Santiago, Nielsen, Rasmus, Iversen, Astrid K. N., Lawson, Daniel J., Fugger, Lars, Willerslev, Eske, Barrie, William, Yang, Yaoling, Attfield, Kathrine E., Irving-Pease, Evan, Scorrano, Gabriele, Jensen, Lise Torp, Armen, Angelos P., Dimopoulos, Evangelos Antonios, Stern, Aaron, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Ramsøe, Abigail, Gaunitz, Charleen, Demeter, Fabrice, Jørkov, Marie Louise S., Møller, Stig Bermann, Springborg, Bente, Klassen, Lutz, Hyldgård, Inger Marie, Wickmann, Niels, Vinner, Lasse, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Sikora, Martin, Kristiansen, Kristian, Rodriguez, Santiago, Nielsen, Rasmus, Iversen, Astrid K. N., Lawson, Daniel J., Fugger, Lars, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a modern neuro-inflammatory and -degenerative disease, which is most prevalent in Northern Europe. Whilst it is known that inherited risk to MS is located within or within close proximity to immune genes it is unknown when, where and how this genetic risk originated. By using the largest ancient genome dataset from the Stone Age, along with new Medieval and post-Medieval genomes, we show that many of the genetic risk variants for MS rose to higher frequency among pastoralists located on the Pontic Steppe, and were brought into Europe by the Yamnaya-related migration approximately 5,000 years ago. We further show that these MS-associated immunogenetic variants underwent positive selection both within the Steppe population, and later in Europe, likely driven by pathogenic challenges coinciding with dietary and lifestyle environmental changes. This study highlights the critical importance of this period as a determinant of modern immune responses and its subsequent impact on the risk of developing MS in a changing environment.

Published
2022

122. Population Genomics of Stone Age Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Alba, Refoyo-Martínez, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Novosolov, Maria, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus H.A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Daisy Ramsøe, Abigail, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Tortosa, Joan Emili Aura, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyiev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merz, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Alba, Refoyo-Martínez, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Novosolov, Maria, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus H.A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Daisy Ramsøe, Abigail, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Tortosa, Joan Emili Aura, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyiev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merz, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Several major migrations and population turnover events during the later Stone Age (after c. 11,000 cal. BP) are believed to have shaped the contemporary population genetic diversity in Eurasia. While the genetic impacts of these migrations have been investigated on regional scales, a detailed understanding of their spatiotemporal dynamics both within and between major geographic regions across Northern Eurasia remains largely elusive. Here, we present the largest shotgun-sequenced genomic dataset from the Stone Age to date, representing 317 primarily Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals from across Eurasia, with associated radiocarbon dates, stable isotope data, and pollen records. Using recent advances, we imputed >1,600 ancient genomes to obtain accurate diploid genotypes, enabling previously unachievable fine-grained population structure inferences. We show that 1) Eurasian Mesolitic hunter-gatherers were more genetically diverse than previously known, and deeply divergent between the west and the east; 2) Hitherto genetically undescribed huntergatherers from the Middle Don region contributed significant ancestry to the later Yamnaya steppe pastoralists; 3) The genetic impact of the transition from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to Neolithic farmers was highly distinct, east and west of a “Great Divide” boundary zone extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic, with large-scale shifts in genetic ancestry to the west. This include an almost complete replacement of hunter-gatherers in Denmark, but no substantial shifts during the same period further to the east; 4) Within-group relatedness changes substantially during the Neolithic transition in the west, where clusters of Neolithic farmer-associated individuals show overall reduced relatedness, while genetic relatedness remains high until ~4,000 BP in the east, consistent with a much longer persistence of smaller localised hunter-gatherer groups; 5) A fastpaced second major genetic transformation beginning around 5,0

Published
2022

123. Population Genomics of Stone Age Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Mota, Barbara, Paulsson, Bettina Schulz, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Novosolov, Maria, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul-Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus H. A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Trolle Jensen, Theis Zetner, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Tortosa, Joan Emili Aura, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yeppiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per Åke, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyiev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merz, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Mota, Barbara, Paulsson, Bettina Schulz, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Novosolov, Maria, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul-Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus H. A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Trolle Jensen, Theis Zetner, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Tortosa, Joan Emili Aura, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yeppiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per Åke, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyiev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merz, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

The transitions from foraging to farming and later to pastoralism in Stone Age Eurasia (c. 11-3 thousand years before present, BP) represent some of the most dramatic lifestyle changes in human evolution. We sequenced 317 genomes of primarily Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals from across Eurasia combined with radiocarbon dates, stable isotope data, and pollen records. Genome imputation and co-analysis with previously published shotgun sequencing data resulted in >1600 complete ancient genome sequences offering fine-grained resolution into the Stone Age populations. We observe that: 1) Hunter-gatherer groups were more genetically diverse than previously known, and deeply divergent between western and eastern Eurasia. 2) We identify hitherto genetically undescribed hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region that contributed ancestry to the later Yamnaya steppe pastoralists; 3) The genetic impact of the Neolithic transition was highly distinct, east and west of a boundary zone extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Large-scale shifts in genetic ancestry occurred to the west of this “Great Divide”, including an almost complete replacement of hunter-gatherers in Denmark, while no substantial ancestry shifts took place during the same period to the east. This difference is also reflected in genetic relatedness within the populations, decreasing substantially in the west but not in the east where it remained high until c. 4,000 BP; 4) The second major genetic transformation around 5,000 BP happened at a much faster pace with Steppe-related ancestry reaching most parts of Europe within 1,000-years. Local Neolithic farmers admixed with incoming pastoralists in eastern, western, and southern Europe whereas Scandinavia experienced another near-complete population replacement. Similar dramatic turnover-patterns are evident in western Siberia; 5) Extensive regional differences in the ancestry components involved in these early events remain visible to this day, e

Published
2022

125. Population genomics of postglacial western eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten E., primary, Sikora, Martin, additional, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, additional, Irving-Pease, Evan K., additional, Fischer, Anders, additional, Barrie, William, additional, Ingason, Andrés, additional, Stenderup, Jesper, additional, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, additional, Pearson, Alice, additional, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, additional, Paulsson, Bettina Schulz, additional, Halgren, Alma, additional, Macleod, Ruairidh, additional, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, additional, Demeter, Fabrice, additional, Sørensen, Lasse, additional, Nielsen, Poul Otto, additional, Henriksen, Rasmus A., additional, Vimala, Tharsika, additional, McColl, Hugh, additional, Margaryan, Ashot, additional, Ilardo, Melissa, additional, Vaughn, Andrew, additional, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, additional, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, additional, Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt, additional, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, additional, Rasmussen, Peter, additional, Vinner, Lasse, additional, Renaud, Gabriel, additional, Stern, Aaron, additional, Trolle Jensen, Theis Zetner, additional, Scorrano, Gabriele, additional, Schroeder, Hannes, additional, Lysdahl, Per, additional, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, additional, Skorobogatov, Andrei, additional, Schork, Andrew Joseph, additional, Rosengren, Anders, additional, Ruter, Anthony, additional, Outram, Alan, additional, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., additional, Buzhilova, Alexandra, additional, Coppa, Alfredo, additional, Zubova, Alisa, additional, Silva, Ana Maria, additional, Hansen, Anders J., additional, Gromov, Andrey, additional, Logvin, Andrey, additional, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, additional, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, additional, González-Rabanal, Borja, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, McKenzie, Catriona J., additional, Gaunitz, Charleen, additional, Blasco, Concepción, additional, Liesau, Corina, additional, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, additional, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., additional, Cuenca-Solana, David, additional, Lordkipanidze, David O., additional, En’shin, Dmitri, additional, Salazar-García, Domingo C., additional, Price, T. Douglas, additional, Borić, Dušan, additional, Kostyleva, Elena, additional, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., additional, Usmanova, Emma R., additional, Cappellini, Enrico, additional, Petersen, Erik Brinch, additional, Kannegaard, Esben, additional, Radina, Francesca, additional, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, additional, Duday, Henri, additional, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, additional, Merts, Ilya, additional, Potekhina, Inna, additional, Shevnina, Irina, additional, Altinkaya, Isin, additional, Guilaine, Jean, additional, Hansen, Jesper, additional, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, additional, Zilhão, João, additional, Vega, Jorge, additional, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, additional, Tunia, Krzysztof, additional, Zhao, Lei, additional, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., additional, Larsson, Lars, additional, Metz, Laure, additional, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, additional, Pedersen, Lisbeth, additional, Sarti, Lucia, additional, Orlando, Ludovic, additional, Slimak, Ludovic, additional, Klassen, Lutz, additional, Blank, Malou, additional, González-Morales, Manuel, additional, Silvestrini, Mara, additional, Vretemark, Maria, additional, Nesterova, Marina S., additional, Rykun, Marina, additional, Rolfo, Mario Federico, additional, Szmyt, Marzena, additional, Przybyła, Marcin, additional, Calattini, Mauro, additional, Sablin, Mikhail, additional, Dobisíková, Miluše, additional, Meldgaard, Morten, additional, Johansen, Morten, additional, Berezina, Natalia, additional, Card, Nick, additional, Saveliev, Nikolai A., additional, Poshekhonova, Olga, additional, Rickards, Olga, additional, Lozovskaya, Olga V., additional, Gábor, Olivér, additional, Uldum, Otto Christian, additional, Aurino, Paola, additional, Kosintsev, Pavel, additional, Courtaud, Patrice, additional, Ríos, Patricia, additional, Mortensen, Peder, additional, Lotz, Per, additional, Persson, Per, additional, Bangsgaard, Pernille, additional, Barros Damgaard, Peter de, additional, Petersen, Peter Vang, additional, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, additional, Włodarczak, Piotr, additional, Smolyaninov, Roman V., additional, Maring, Rikke, additional, Menduiña, Roberto, additional, Badalyan, Ruben, additional, Iversen, Rune, additional, Turin, Ruslan, additional, Vasilyev, Sergey, additional, Wåhlin, Sidsel, additional, Borutskaya, Svetlana, additional, Skochina, Svetlana, additional, Sørensen, Søren Anker, additional, Andersen, Søren H., additional, Jørgensen, Thomas, additional, Serikov, Yuri B., additional, Molodin, Vyacheslav I., additional, Smrcka, Vaclav, additional, Merz, Victor, additional, Appadurai, Vivek, additional, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, additional, Magnusson, Yvonne, additional, Kjær, Kurt H., additional, Lynnerup, Niels, additional, Lawson, Daniel J., additional, Sudmant, Peter H., additional, Rasmussen, Simon, additional, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, additional, Durbin, Richard, additional, Nielsen, Rasmus, additional, Delaneau, Olivier, additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Racimo, Fernando, additional, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, and Willerslev, Eske, additional

Published
2022
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132. The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Author

Olalde, Iigo, Brace, Selina, Allentoft, Morten E., Armit, Ian, Kristiansen, Kristian, Booth, Thomas, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Szcsnyi-Nagy, Anna, Mittnik, Alissa, Altena, Eveline, Lipson, Mark, Lazaridis, Iosif, Harper, Thomas K., Patterson, Nick, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Diekmann, Yoan, Faltyskova, Zuzana, Fernandes, Daniel, Ferry, Matthew, Harney, Eadaoin, de Knijff, Peter, Michel, Megan, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Stewardson, Kristin, Barclay, Alistair, Alt, Kurt Werner, Liesau, Corina, Ros, Patricia, Blasco, Concepcin, Miguel, Jorge Vega, Garca, Roberto Menduia, Fernndez, Azucena Avils, Bnffy, Eszter, Bernab-Brea, Maria, Billoin, David, Bonsall, Clive, Bonsall, Laura, Allen, Tim, Bster, Lindsey, Carver, Sophie, Navarro, Laura Castells, Craig, Oliver E., Cook, Gordon T., Cunliffe, Barry, Denaire, Anthony, Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging, Dodwell, Natasha, Erne, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Kucha?ík, Milan, Farr, Joan Francs, Fowler, Chris, Gazenbeek, Michiel, Pena, Rafael Garrido, Haber-Uriarte, Mara, Haduch, El?bieta, Hey, Gill, Jowett, Nick, Knowles, Timothy, Massy, Ken, Pfrengle, Saskia, Lefranc, Philippe, Lemercier, Olivier, Lefebvre, Arnaud, Martnez, Csar Heras, Olmo, Virginia Galera, Ramrez, Ana Bastida, Maurandi, Joaqun Lomba, Maj, Tona, McKinley, Jacqueline I., McSweeney, Kathleen, Mende, Balzs Gusztv, Mod, Alessandra, Kulcsr, Gabriella, Kiss, Viktria, Czene, Andrs, Patay, Rbert, Endr?di, Anna, Khler, Kitti, Hajdu, Tams, Szeniczey, Tams, Dani, Jnos, Bernert, Zsolt, Hoole, Maya, Cheronet, Olivia, Keating, Denise, Velemnsk, Petr, Dobe, Miroslav, Candilio, Francesca, Brown, Fraser, Fernndez, Ral Flores, Herrero-Corral, Ana-Mercedes, Tusa, Sebastiano, Carnieri, Emiliano, Lentini, Luigi, Valenti, Antonella, Zanini, Alessandro, Waddington, Clive, Delibes, Germn, Guerra-Doce, Elisa, Neil, Benjamin, Brittain, Marcus, Luke, Mike, Mortimer, Richard, Desideri, Jocelyne, Besse, Marie, Brcken, Gnter, Furmanek, Mirosaw, Hauszko, Agata, Mackiewicz, Maksym, Rapi?ski, Artur, Leach, Stephany, Soriano, Ignacio, Lillios, Katina T., Cardoso, Joo Lus, Pearson, Michael Parker, Wodarczak, Piotr, Price, T. Douglas, Prieto, Pilar, Rey, Pierre-Jrme, Risch, Roberto, Rojo Guerra, Manuel A., Schmitt, Aurore, Serralongue, Jol, Silva, Ana Maria, Smr?ka, Vclav, Vergnaud, Luc, Zilho, Joo, Caramelli, David, Higham, Thomas, Thomas, Mark G., Kennett, Douglas J., Fokkens, Harry, Heyd, Volker, Sheridan, Alison, Sjgren, Karl-Gran, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Krause, Johannes, Pinhasi, Ron, Haak, Wolfgang, Barnes, Ian, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, and Reich, David

Subjects
Europeans -- Genetic aspects, Genetic transformation -- Research, Genomics -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britains gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries., Author(s): Iigo Olalde (corresponding author) [1]; Selina Brace [2]; Morten E. Allentoft [3]; Ian Armit [4]; Kristian Kristiansen [5]; Thomas Booth [2]; Nadin Rohland [1]; Swapan Mallick [1, 6, 7]; [...]

Published
2018
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133. Author Correction: 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes

Author

de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Marchi, Nina, Rasmussen, Simon, Peyrot, Michael, Renaud, Gabriel, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Moreno-Mayar, J. Victor, Pedersen, Mikkel Winther, Goldberg, Amy, Usmanova, Emma, Baimukhanov, Nurbol, Loman, Valeriy, Hedeager, Lotte, Pedersen, Anders Gorm, Nielsen, Kasper, Afanasiev, Gennady, Akmatov, Kunbolot, Aldashev, Almaz, Alpaslan, Ashyk, Baimbetov, Gabit, Bazaliiskii, Vladimir I., Beisenov, Arman, Boldbaatar, Bazartseren, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Dorzhu, Choduraa, Ellingvag, Sturla, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Dajani, Rana, Dmitriev, Evgeniy, Evdokimov, Valeriy, Frei, Karin M., Gromov, Andrey, Goryachev, Alexander, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hegay, Tatyana, Khachatryan, Zaruhi, Khaskhanov, Ruslan, Kitov, Egor, Kolbina, Alina, Kubatbek, Tabaldiev, Kukushkin, Alexey, Kukushkin, Igor, Lau, Nina, Margaryan, Ashot, Merkyte, Inga, Mertz, Ilya V., Mertz, Viktor K., Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Moiyesev, Vyacheslav, Mukhtarova, Gulmira, Nurmukhanbetov, Bekmukhanbet, Orozbekova, Z., Panyushkina, Irina, Pieta, Karol, Smrčka, Vaclav, Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Andrey, Sjogren, Karl-Goran, Štolcova, Tereza, Taravella, Angela M., Tashbaeva, Kadicha, Tkachev, Alexander, Tulegenov, Turaly, Voyakin, Dmitriy, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, Varfolomeev, Victor, Weber, Andrzej, Wilson Sayres, Melissa A., Kradin, Nikolay, Allentoft, Morten E., Orlando, Ludovic, Nielsen, Rasmus, Sikora, Martin, Heyer, Evelyne, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2018
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134. Author Correction: Ancient hepatitis B viruses from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period

Author

Muhlemann, Barbara, Jones, Terry C., de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Allentoft, Morten E., Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Andrey, Usmanova, Emma, Panyushkina, Irina P., Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bazartseren, Tsevel, Tashbaeva, Kadicha, Merz, Victor, Lau, Nina, Smrčka, Vaclav, Voyakin, Dmitry, Kitov, Egor, Epimakhov, Andrey, Pokutta, Dalia, Vicze, Magdolna, Price, T. Douglas, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Hansen, Anders J., Orlando, Ludovic, Rasmussen, Simon, Sikora, Martin, Vinner, Lasse, Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., Smith, Derek J., Glebe, Dieter, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Drosten, Christian, Sjogren, Karl-Goran, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2018
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141. Euro area equity risk premia and monetary policy: A longer-term perspective

Author

Kapp, Daniel and Kristiansen, Kristian Loft

Subjects
monetary policy transmission, monetary policy shocks, ddc:330, E22, G12, equity risk premia, E52
Abstract

This study analyses the effects of euro area monetary policy on equity risk premia (ERP). We find that changes in equity prices during periods of accommodative monetary policy mainly reflected adjustments in the discount factor and economic activity - rather than fluctuations in investors' required risk compensation. Furthermore, the ERP appears to not have declined much since the introduction of unconventional monetary policy and stands higher than prior to the GFC. Use of identified monetary policy shocks points to insignificant effects of monetary policy on the ERP. Further breakdown of these shocks reveals that monetary policy has a significant upwards impact on the ERP if it is perceived as a negative information surprise, while the opposite prevails in the case of a genuine accommodative monetary policy surprise. Accumulating these effects over time suggests that the two might have largely offset each other since the introduction of unconventional monetary policy.

Published
2021

144. The geographic distribution of bioavailable strontium isotopes in Greece – A base for provenance studies in archaeology

Author

Frank, Anja B., Frei, Robert, Moutafi, Ioanna, Voutsaki, Sofia, Orgeolet, Raphaël, Kristiansen, Kristian, Frei, Karin M., Frank, Anja B., Frei, Robert, Moutafi, Ioanna, Voutsaki, Sofia, Orgeolet, Raphaël, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Frei, Karin M.

Abstract

Sr isotopes are a powerful tool used to reconstruct human mobility in archaeology. This requires extensive bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baselines used as reference for deciphering potential areas of origin. We define the first extensive bioavailable Sr isotope baselines for the different geographical regions and surface lithologies of Greece by combining new Sr data with previously published bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr data. We present 82 new Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr signatures of plants, soil leachates, surface waters and spring waters from Central Greece and combine these with published baseline values from all over Greece. We define individual baselines for ten of the thirteen geographical regions of Greece. We also provide soil leachate 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the two archaeological Bronze Age sites of Kirrha and Ayios Vasileios in Central and Southern Greece and demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new baselines for these sites. The bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr compositions of Central Greece define a narrow range of 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.70768 — 0.71021, with the widest range observed for the soil leachates. Sr derived from carbonate weathering appears to be the most important Sr source sampled by the proxies. There is an overall larger variability in baseline ranges of the different geographical regions, the narrowest is that for West Greece and the widest that for West Macedonia. In addition, we computed statistical Sr isotope ranges for the five main surface lithological groups characterising the sampling sites of the various proxies. Narrowly ranged, unradiogenic bioavailable Sr isotope signatures are typical of areas characterised by igneous outcrops as well as by Cenozoic and Mesozoic sediments. Areas, where Palaeozoic and Precambrian bedrock outcrops dominate, produce significantly wider ranges. Our study promotes the usefulness of multi-proxy baselines for geographical reference purposes and thus their promising applicability for future human mobi

Published
2021

146. Genomic Steppe ancestry in skeletons from the Neolithic Single Grave Culture in Denmark

Author

Egfjord, Anne Friis-Holm, Margaryan, Ashot, Fischer, Anders, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Price, T. Douglas, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Sørensen, Lasse, Willerslev, Eske, Iversen, Rune, Sikora, Martin, Kristiansen, Kristian, Allentoft, Morten Erik, Egfjord, Anne Friis-Holm, Margaryan, Ashot, Fischer, Anders, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Price, T. Douglas, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Sørensen, Lasse, Willerslev, Eske, Iversen, Rune, Sikora, Martin, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Allentoft, Morten Erik

Abstract

The Gjerrild burial provides the largest and best-preserved assemblage of human skeletal material presently known from the Single Grave Culture (SGC) in Denmark. For generations it has been debated among archaeologists if the appearance of this archaeological complex represents a continuation of the previous Neolithic communities, or was facilitated by incoming migrants. We sampled and analysed five skeletons from the Gjerrild cist, buried over a period of c. 300 years, 2600/2500–2200 cal BCE. Despite poor DNA preservation, we managed to sequence the genome (>1X) of one individual and the partial genomes (0.007X and 0.02X) of another two individuals. Our genetic data document a female (Gjerrild 1) and two males (Gjerrild 5 + 8), harbouring typical Neolithic K2a and HV0 mtDNA haplogroups, but also a rare basal variant of the R1b1 Y-chromosomal haplogroup. Genome-wide analyses demonstrate that these people had a significant Yamnaya-derived (i.e. steppe) ancestry component and a close genetic resemblance to the Corded Ware (and related) groups that were present in large parts of Northern and Central Europe at the time. Assuming that the Gjerrild skeletons are genetically representative of the population of the SGC in broader terms, the transition from the local Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) to SGC is not characterized by demographic continuity. Rather, the emergence of SGC in Denmark was part of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population expansion that swept across the European continent in the 3rd millennium BCE, resulting in various degrees of genetic replacement and admixture processes with previous Neolithic populations.

Published
2021

147. A Stiction Oscillator under Slowly Varying Forcing: Uncovering Small Scale Phenomena using Blowup

Author

Kristiansen, Kristian U. and Kristiansen, Kristian U.

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze a mass-spring-friction oscillator with the friction modeled by a regularized stiction model. We do so in the limit where the ratio of the natural spring frequency and the forcing frequency is on the same order of magnitude as the scale associated with the regularized stiction model. The motivation for studying this special parameter regime (which can be interpreted as a rigid body limit) comes from [E. Bossolini, M. Brøns, and K. U. Kristiansen, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 16, (2017), pp. 2233--2258] which demonstrated new friction phenomena in this regime. The results of this paper led to some open problems; see also [E. Bossolini, M. Brøns, and K. U. Kristiansen, SIAM Rev., 62 (2020), pp. 869--897], that we resolve in this paper. In particular, using GSPT and blowup [C. K. R. T. Jones, in Dynamical Systems, Lecture Notes in Math. 1609, Springer, Berlin, 1995, pp. 44--118; M. Krupa and P. Szmolyan, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 33, (2001), pp. 286--314], we provide a simple geometric description of the bifurcation of stick-slip limit cycles through a combination of a canard and a global return mechanism. We also show that this combination leads to a canard-based horseshoe and are therefore able to prove existence of chaos in this fundamental oscillator system.

Published
2021

148. Contract archaeology in Europe: an experiment in diversity

Author

Kristiansen, Kristian

Subjects
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Analysis, Quality control -- Analysis, Quality control, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

In a previous discussion article, 'Do we need 'the archaeology of Europe'?' (Kristiansen 2008), I argued that, although a European archaeology is being promoted by both the European Association of Archaeologists and the European conventions, such as the Valletta Convention of 1992 and the European Landscape Convention of 2000, there are still more divergences than commonalities, due to the strong national organization of archaeology in Europe. I especially considered archaeological heritage terminology, the language of references in books and journals, and the structure of archaeological journals which all pointed to an increasing national focus of archaeological research and publications. In this article I take a closer look at the structure of developer-funded excavations, or contract archaeology, in Europe. I argue that contract archaeology represents a laboratory for the testing of different principles of organization, control and quality assessments. Although the Valletta Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage stipulates the basic principles of developer-funded rescue archaeology, its implementation since 1992 among the European nations, and indeed also among the regions within nations, such as the federal states (landes) in Germany, varies dramatically. By analysing a few 'model countries' I demonstrate that this variation comes down to, and originates from, two basically different political principles: that of 'socialism' and that of 'capitalism' (following Willems and van den Dries 2007b). As they have different implications for quality control and research the choice of one or the other has far-reaching consequences for the future of archaeology in Europe. Keywords Contract archaeology; quality control: socialist and capitalist models. DOI: 10.1080/00438240903371486

Published
2009

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