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Objective To investigate the correlation between 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing of induced sputum and serum immune factors in children with bronchial asthma at different stages. Methods From April 2019 to May 2021, 96 children with bronchial asthma who were treated in Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected, which covered 46 remission cases and 50 acute cases.In addition, 40 healthy children who underwent physical examination at the same time were selected as the controls group. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform was used to sequence the 16S rRNA gene in induced sputum from three groups of children, and the level of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ in three groups of children was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results correlation analysis showed that Shannon index was negatively correlated with IL-4 and IL-17 in children with bronchial asthma (P＜0.001), Shannon index was positively correlated with IL-10 and IFN-γ (P＜0.001); Ace index was positively correlated with IL-4 and IL-17 in children with bronchial asthma (P＜0.001). Ace index was negatively correlated with IL-10 and IFN-γ(P＜0.001). Conclusions The airway microecology of children with bronchial asthma is obviously dysregulated.

Mammalian DNA extracted from the invertebrates, especially blowfly-derived DNA, has been suggested as a useful tool to complement traditional field methods for terrestrial mammal monitoring. However, the accuracy of the estimated location of the target mammal detected from blowfly-derived DNA is largely dependent on the knowledge of blowflies' dispersal range. Presently, published data on adult blowfly dispersal capabilities remain scarce and mostly limited to temperate and subtropical regions, with no published report on the adult blowfly dispersal range in the Tropics. We seek to determine the blowfly flight range and dispersal activity in a tropical plantation in Malaysia by mark-release-recapture of approximately 3000 wild blowflies by use of rotten fish-baited traps for nine consecutive days. Out of the 3000 marked Chrysomya spp., only 1.5% (43) were recaptured during the 9-day sampling period. The majority of the blowflies (79%) were recaptured 1 km from the release point, while 20.9% were caught about 2-3 km from the release point. One individual blowfly travelled as far as 3 km and before being recaptured, which was the maximum dispersal distance recorded in this study. This result suggests that the estimated locations of the mammals detected from blowfly-derived iDNA is likely to be within 1-2 km radius from the origin of the blowfly sampling location. However, a more accurate estimated distance between the target mammal and the blowfly sampling location requires further investigation due to various factors, such as blowfly species, wind speed and direction that may potentially affect the blowfly dispersal activities. This study contributes further understanding on the development of a blowfly-derived DNA method as a mammalian monitoring tool in the tropical forests.

ABSTRACT: Opportunistic oral mucosal fungal infection caused by Alternaria alternata is extremely rare. Herein, we present a rare palatal perforation as a result of oral infection caused by A. alternata in an immunocompetent adolescent. An 18-year-old boy, who had previously been healthy, was admitted to our institution with persistent pain in the palate for the past 12 months. Upon impression of palatal bone resorption based on computed tomography imaging and chronic granulomatous inflammation based on biopsy (hematoxylin-eosin staining), the patient was examined for commonly relevant causes such as potential tumor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. All test results were inconclusive. After a thorough diagnostic investigation, an unusual fungal infection, A. alternata infection, was confirmed by next-generation sequencing and biopsy (periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunofluorescence staining). The patient underwent surgical debridement and was subjected to voriconazole treatment postoperatively for over a period of 5 months. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of considering A. alternata as a potential pathogenic factor in an etiological palatal perforation.

Maize growth and development are regulated by light quality, intensity and photoperiod. Cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-A light receptors involved in stem elongation, shade avoidance, and photoperiodic flowering. To investigate the function of cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) in maize, where it is encoded by ZmCRY1, we obtained two ZmCRY1a genes (ZmCRY1a1 and ZmCRY1a2), both of which share the highest similarity with other gramineous plants, in particular rice CRY1a by phylogenetic analysis. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of ZmCRY1a genes promoted seedling de-etiolation under blue and white light, resulting in dwarfing of mature plants. In seedlings of the maize inbred line Zong 31 (ZmCRY1a-OE), overexpression of ZmCRY1a genes caused a reduction in the mesocotyl and first leaf sheath lengths due to down-regulation of genes influencing cell elongation. In mature transgenic maize plants, plant height, ear height, and internode length decreased in response to overexpression of ZmCRY1a genes. Expression of ZmCRY1a were insensitive to low blue light (LBL)-induced shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) in Arabidopsis and maize. This prompted us to investigate the regulatory role of the gibberellin and auxin metabolic pathways in the response of ZmCRY1a genes to LBL treatment. We confirmed a link between ZmCRY1a expression and hormonal influence on the growth and development of maize under LBL-induced SAS. These results reveal that ZmCRY1a has a relatively conservative function in regulating maize photomorphogenesis and may guide new strategies for breeding high density-tolerant maize cultivars.

Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) gene mutations are critical components in the genetic etiology of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Fance −/− mice detected meiotic arrest of primordial germ cells (PGCs) as early as embryonic day (E) 13.5 and exhibited decreased ovarian reserve after birth. However, the mechanism of Fance defect leading to dysgenesis of PGCs is unclear. We aimed to explore the effect of Fance defects on mitotic proliferation of PGCs. Combined with transcriptomic sequencing and validation, we examined the effect of Fance defects on cell cycle, transcription–replication conflicts (TRCs), and multiple DNA repair pathways in PGCs during active DNA replication at E11.5 and E12.5. Results showed Fance defects cause decreased numbers of PGCs during rapid mitosis at E11.5 and E12.5. Mitotic cell cycle progression of Fance −/− PGCs was blocked at E11.5 and E12.5, shown by decreased cell proportions in S and G2 phases and increased cell proportions in M phase. RNA-seq suggested the mechanisms involved in DNA replication and repair. We found Fance −/− PGCs accumulate TRCs during active DNA replication at E11.5 and E12.5. Fance −/− PGCs down-regulate multiple DNA repair pathways at E11.5 and E12.5 including the FA pathway, homologous recombination (HR) pathway, and base excision repair (BER) pathway. In conclusion, Fance defect impaired the mitotic proliferation of PGCs leading to rapidly decreased numbers and abnormal cell cycle distribution. Proliferation inhibition of Fance −/− PGCs was associated with accumulated TRCs and down-regulation of FA, HR, BER pathways. These provided a theoretical basis for identifying the inherited etiology and guiding potential fertility management for POI.

In order to evaluate the effects of acidifiers and essential oils in drinking water on growth, intestinal digestive capacity, and immune status in broilers, a total of 480, 1-day-old Arbore Acres broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments including normal tap water (Ctr) and tap water supplemented with acidifier I (ACI), acidifier I and essential oils (ACI+EO), and acidifier II (ACII). Both ACI+EO and ACII increased final body weight. The pH value of the crop and gizzards was reduced by ACI+EO, and ACII decreased the pH values of the proventriculus and gizzards (p < 0.05). Compared with control group, ACI, ACI+EO, ACII significantly enhanced lipase activity in jejunum but ACII decreased the level of serum total cholesterol and total triglyceride (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, ACI+EO and ACII significantly increased the relative weight of the spleen, increased the level of serum IgA and IgM, and decreased E. coli in excreta, while ACII significantly decreased Salmonella in excreta (p Lactobacillus in excreta. In conclusion, ACI+EO improved immune status and ACII was effective in reducing Salmonella and promoting Lactobacillus, contributing to intestinal health.

With the increasing demand for lithium (Li) resources in industry, there has been new attention on clay-type lithium-rich deposits recently. In this study, a Li-rich clay deposit with a Li2O content up to 0.3% in the Liangshan Formation in the upper Yangtze, South China Block was demonstrated. We analysed the mineralogy and element geochemistry of the samples from the Liangshan Formation and its underlying and overlying layers. Kaolinite (average 53%, up to 93%) was the major mineral in the samples from the Liangshan Formation. The Li concentrations increased with increasing kaolinite compositions and Al2O3 concentrations. Furthermore, based on the geochemical indicators, it was suggested that the clay formation and Li enrichment were related to the weathering processes of the bottom impure limestone under the hot and wet climate, and the sedimentary processes in the anoxic, still, and flat land–sea interaction area in the Upper Yangtze. The Li was probably sourced from the bottom impure limestone during the weathering stage. The samples from the Liangshan Formation also showed REE enrichment from 117 to 729 μg/g.

The prediction of parking space availability plays a crucial role in information systems providing parking guidance. However, controversy persists regarding the efficiency and accuracy of mainstream time series prediction methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In this study, a comparison was made between a temporal convolutional network (TCN) based on CNNs and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network based on RNNs to determine an appropriate baseline for predicting parking space availability. Subsequently, a multi-head attention (MAT) mechanism was incorporated into an LSTM network, attempting to improve its accuracy. Experiments were conducted on three real and two synthetic datasets. The results indicated that the TCN achieved the fastest convergence, whereas the MAT-LSTM method provided the highest average accuracy, namely 0.0330 and 1.102 × 10−6, on the real and synthetic datasets, respectively. Furthermore, the improved MAT-LSTM model accomplished an increase of up to 48% in accuracy compared with the classic LSTM model. Consequently, we concluded that RNN-based networks are better suited for predicting long-time series. In particular, the MAT-LSTM method proposed in this study holds higher application value for predicting parking space availability with a higher accuracy.

Background and purpose: Alternative splicing plays a crucial role in the functions and regulation of complex proteins such as cell proliferation, growth, apoptosis and differentiation, and can cause the occurrence and development of various diseases, including cancer. Currently, the functions and molecular mechanisms of most alternative splicing factors are not clear. The purpose of this study was to explore the differential splicing target genes of KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) in lung adenocarcinoma and their correlation with prognosis and immune cell function. Methods: Screening downstream differential splicing target genes of KHSRP was carried out through high-throughput variable splicing sequencing. We analyzed the expressions of KHSRP downstream differential splicing target genes in lung adenocarcinoma through cancer databases Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham cancer data analysis portal (ULCAN). We also analyzed the correlation between the expression of differential splicing target genes downstream of KHSRP and prognosis through Kaplan database. The correlation between downstream differential splicing target genes of KHSRP and immune cell function was analyzed through the TIMER immune module. Results: NUMB endocytic adaptor protein (NUMB), adducin 3 (ADD3) and LIM and calponin homology domains 1 (LIMCH1) were key downstream variable splicing target genes of KHSRP. NUMB, ADD3 and LIMCH1 were all expressed at low level in lung adenocarcinoma tumor tissue. Low expressions of NUMB, ADD3 and LIMCH1 in lung cancer leaded to poor prognosis. NUMB, ADD3 and LIMCH1 were positively correlated with immune cell function. Conclusion: In lung adenocarcinoma, NUMB, ADD3 and LIMCH1 are differential splicing target genes of KHSRP, their low expression levels indicate poor prognosis, and they are positively correlated with immune cell function.

Abstract Introduction The metastases of lung cancer to bilateral choroids symmetrically and simultaneously are very rare. Almost all patients with choroid metastasis can be treated with external beam radiotherapy in order to increase quality of life and preserve vision. Material and Methods We documented a case and studied the effect of icotinib on choroidal metastases in bilateral eyes simultaneously from pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Results A 49‐year‐old Chinese man presented with bilateral vision losing simultaneously for 4 weeks, it was as an initial presentation in the clinical. The examinations with ophthalmofundoscopy, ultrasonography, and fluorescein angiography showed the lesions in bilateral choroids, two solitary juxtapapillary yellow‐white choroidal metastases inferior to the optic discs with bleeding. Positron emission tomography confirmed the choroidal metastases and further proved that it was from lung cancer with lymph nodes and multiple bone metastasis. The biopsy taken from the lung by bronchoscopy and needle biopsy from supraclavicular lymph nodes revealed the pulmonary adenocarcinoma with epithelial growth factor receptor mutation (exon 21). The patient was treated with oral icotinib (125 mg, three times a day, TID). Five days after starting icotinib therapy, the patient's visions were rapidly recovered. Two months after the treatment with icotinib, the choroidal metastases regressed to small lesions, and the visions were preserved to before. The lung tumor and other metastatic lesions were partly regressive. There was no evidence of recurrence for eye lesions at 15‐months follow‐up. After 17 months treating by icotinib, the patient presented headache and dizzy with multiple brain metastases determined by magnetic resonance imaging; however, the lesions of the choroidal metastases remained progressing‐free. Almonertinib with radiotherapy were used to treat the brain metastases, and he is surviving with progress‐free more than 2 years until now. Conclusion Bilateral choroidal metastases from lung cancer symmetrically are very rare. Icotinib following by almonertinib was an alternative therapy for choroidal metastasis from non‐small cell lung cancer with epithelial growth factor receptor mutation.

Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the Salmonella infection status of dairy herds in Henan and Hubei provinces, China. Herds were assigned a Salmonella status based on the isolation of Salmonella from fecal samples obtained from adult lactating dairy cows. Information on potential biosecurity risk factors was collected using a questionnaire template via a 15-min face-to-face interview with dairy cattle producers from May 2020 to March 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions across two broad categories of potential biosecurity risk factors: farm and biosecurity managemental factors. A total of 48 farms were surveyed. In all (100%, 48/48) of the surveyed farms, although sick animals were separated from healthy animals using fencing, there were no strict quarantine protocols for newly introduced animals. Mixed species rearing was practiced in 35.4% (17/48) of the farms. Feces were removed more than once a day in 45.8% (22/48) of the farms, whereas the remainder (54.2%, 26/48) only removed animal feces once a day. A total of 29.2% (14/48) of the farms were located

Objective To investigate the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes （hUC-MSC-Exo） in the tunicamycin-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells （HKC）. Methods Endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） was induced by tunicamycin in HKC cells. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of ERS-related proteins of glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78），GRP94 and C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） were determined by Western blot. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. hUC-MSC-Exo were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. The effects of different concentrations of hUC-MSC-Exo （0，40，60，80，100，150 and 200 μg/mL） upon cell activity were evaluated. Cell proliferation and apoptosis after co-treatment with hUC-MSC-Exo and tunicamycin were assessed by resazurin assay and flow cytometry. Results Treatment with 1，2 and 4 μg/mL tunicamycin could inhibit the proliferation of HKC in a concentration-dependent manner. Different concentrations of tunicamycin could induce ERS and cell apoptosis in HKC. Treatment with 100，150 and 200 μg/mL hUC-MSC-Exo could enhance cell proliferation. Compared with the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin group，cell proliferation was significantly increased in the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin and 150 μg/mL hUC-MSC-Exo co-treatment group （P < 0.05）. The apoptosis rate in the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin group was （14.16±1.58）%，and （8.18±0.58）% in the 2 μg/mL tunicamycin and 150 μg/mL hUC-MSC-Exo co-treatment group，and the difference was statistically significant （P

Abstract Background Myocardial work acquired by echocardiography has emerged as a novel method to evaluate myocardial function. We investigated global and segmental myocardial work in hypertension (HT) among patients with different patterns of left ventricular (LV) geometry in order to analyze the contribution of segmental myocardial work to global myocardial work. Methods and results One hundred twenty-five patients with HT were divided into 4 groups: normal geometry (NG), concentric remodeling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH) and eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Longitudinal strain (LS) and the following indices were obtained by echocardiography: myocardial work index (MWI), myocardial constructive work (MCW), myocardial wasted work (MWW), and myocardial work efficiency (MWE). The global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased gradually among the groups: NG, CR, CH and EH (P

Abstract Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of inner hair cells, ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons and/or the auditory nerve itself. Approximately 1/7000 newborns have abnormal auditory nerve function, accounting for 10%-14% of cases of permanent hearing loss in children. Although we previously identified the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant to be associated with ANSD, the mechanism by which ANSD is associated with AIFM1 is poorly understood. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via nucleofection with episomal plasmids. The patient-specific iPSCs were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. These iPSCs were further differentiated into neurons via neural stem cells (NSCs). The pathogenic mechanism was explored in these neurons. In patient cells (PBMCs, iPSCs, and neurons), the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant caused a novel splicing variant (c.1267-1305del), resulting in AIF p.R422Q and p.423-435del proteins, which impaired AIF dimerization. Such impaired AIF dimerization then weakened the interaction between AIF and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). On the one hand, the mitochondrial import of ETC complex subunits was inhibited, subsequently leading to an increased ADP/ATP ratio and elevated ROS levels. On the other hand, MICU1-MICU2 heterodimerization was impaired, leading to mCa2+ overload. Calpain was activated by mCa2+ and subsequently cleaved AIF for its translocation into the nucleus, ultimately resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, correction of the AIFM1 variant significantly restored the structure and function of AIF, further improving the physiological state of patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. This study demonstrates that the AIFM1 variant is one of the molecular bases of ANSD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially mCa2+ overload, plays a prominent role in ANSD associated with AIFM1. Our findings help elucidate the mechanism of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.

With the deep coal tunnel surrounding rock as the research object, in view of the serious rock burst hazards, incomplete rock burst mechanism research, and the lack of more targeted guidance on the prevention and control of rock burst engineering, indoor tests, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and other methods were used to reveal the deep coal roadway surrounding rock burst mechanism from the three-way stress difference perspective. Based on the understanding that excavation activity disturbs the three-way isobaric state of the coal rock body and causes damage to the surrounding rock, the response characteristics of the coal unit body under the action of different stress paths were studied by PFC simulation. The criterion of unit body instability based on the stress difference was obtained. The concepts of stress difference gradient and the rate of change of stress difference gradient were proposed. The Dg evolution characteristics of the surrounding rock were analyzed based on the Drucker-Prager criterion, and then the mechanism of action of the rock burst caused by the concentration of Dg in the surrounding rock was obtained. Finally, the prevention and control mechanism and rock burst accident cases were analyzed. The results show that the stress differential withstand capacity of the coal body differs significantly depending on the stress path. The objective of the evolution of the internal stresses in the surrounding rock is to reduce the peak Dg to a very small value, with the failure and yielding of the surrounding rock being the result of Dg-driven action. The stress difference gradient grows with the increasing depth of burial and coal seam bursting liability, and reflects the nature of the “rise-fall-fall” gradient. The Dgc characterizes the degree of Dg concentration within the surrounding rock. Under stress perturbation, a more stable deformation and displacement of the coal body in the Dg elevation zone occurs when the condition Dgc0 < D' gc < k1Dgc0 is satisfied, a more stable overall instability occurs when k1Dgc0≤D' gc < [Dgc] is satisfied, and a rock burst occurs when D' gc≥[Dgc] is satisfied. Rock burst of the surrounding rock is an extreme form of evolution of their own deformation and destruction. Rock burst prevention should be centered on weakening the Dg of the surrounding rock, with Dgc control as the main focus.

Abstract Many signaling and other genes known as “hidden” drivers may not be genetically or epigenetically altered or differentially expressed at the mRNA or protein levels, but, rather, drive a phenotype such as tumorigenesis via post-translational modification or other mechanisms. However, conventional approaches based on genomics or differential expression are limited in exposing such hidden drivers. Here, we present a comprehensive algorithm and toolkit NetBID2 (data-driven network-based Bayesian inference of drivers, version 2), which reverse-engineers context-specific interactomes and integrates network activity inferred from large-scale multi-omics data, empowering the identification of hidden drivers that could not be detected by traditional analyses. NetBID2 has substantially re-engineered the previous prototype version by providing versatile data visualization and sophisticated statistical analyses, which strongly facilitate researchers for result interpretation through end-to-end multi-omics data analysis. We demonstrate the power of NetBID2 using three hidden driver examples. We deploy NetBID2 Viewer, Runner, and Cloud apps with 145 context-specific gene regulatory and signaling networks across normal tissues and paediatric and adult cancers to facilitate end-to-end analysis, real-time interactive visualization and cloud-based data sharing. NetBID2 is freely available at https://jyyulab.github.io/NetBID .

The paper proposed an adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) strategy for the unmatched uncertain time-varying nonparameterized nonlinear systems (NPNL systems). Addressing the difficulty of nonlinear parameterization terms in system models, a new function approximator (FSE-RBFNN) which is combined with radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and Fourier series expansion (FSE) is introduced to model each time-varying nonlinear parameterization function. Using adaptive backstepping method to design control laws and parameter adaptive laws. As the number of iterations increases, the maximum tracking error gradually decreases until it converges to zero on the entire given interval 0,T according to the Lyapunov-like synthesis. A updated time-varying boundary layer is introduced to eliminating the impact of initial state errors. Introducing a series to deal with the unknown error upper bounds. Finally, two simulation examples demonstrate the correctness of the proposed control method.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of the systemic immune-inflammation index/albumin ratio (SII/ALB) on the prognosis of immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 185 immunotherapy-treated patients who received opioids at Xuzhou Central Hospital from 01/09/2021 to 01/09/2023. The results of related clinical data were collected during the week before the cancer patients received immunotherapy. The SII/ALB cut-off value was determined, and the relationship between the SII/ALB and clinical pathological parameters was analyzed using the chi-square test. The effect of the SII/ALB on progression-free survival (PFS) was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultThe SII/ALB cut-off value was 20.86, and patients were divided into low (SII/ALB ≤ 20.86) and high (SII/ALB > 20.86) SII/ALB groups. Adverse reactions (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.108; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.061-0.192, P < 0.001) and the SII/ALB (HR = 0.093; 95% CI: 0.057-0.151, P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Compared with the high SII/ALB group, the low SII/ALB group had longer PFS after opioid treatment (12.2 vs. 5.2 months, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe SII/ALB is a potentially important prognostic parameter in immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids.

Excitotoxicity represents the primary cause of neuronal death following spinal cord injury (SCI). While autophagy plays a critical and intricate role in SCI, the specific mechanism underlying the relationship between excitotoxicity and autophagy in SCI has been largely overlooked. In this study, we isolated primary spinal cord neurons from neonatal rats and induced excitotoxic neuronal injury by high concentrations of glutamic acid, mimicking an excitotoxic injury model. Subsequently, we performed transcriptome sequencing. Leveraging machine learning algorithms, including weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), random forest analysis (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis (LASSO), we conducted a comprehensive investigation into key genes associated with spinal cord neuron injury. We also utilized protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis to identify pivotal proteins regulating key gene expression and analyzed key genes from public datasets (GSE2599, GSE20907, GSE45006, and GSE174549). Our findings revealed that six genes-Anxa2, S100a10, Ccng1, Timp1, Hspb1, and Lgals3-were significantly upregulated not only in vitro in neurons subjected to excitotoxic injury but also in rats with subacute SCI. Furthermore, Hspb1 and Lgals3 were closely linked to neuronal autophagy induced by excitotoxicity. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of excitotoxicity and autophagy, offering potential targets and a theoretical foundation for SCI diagnosis and treatment.

BackgroundMobile phone addiction has a high detection rate among adolescents and is thought to be related to academic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms in this relation were still unclear. The present study tested the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating roles of peer alienation and rumination in the relationship between academic stress and mobile phone addiction.MethodsA total of 742 middle school students were recruited to complete measures of academic stress, psychological distress, mobile phone addiction, peer alienation, rumination, and demographic variables. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.ResultsThe results indicated that academic stress was significantly and positively associated with mobile phone addiction, and this link could be mediated by psychological distress. Moreover, this indirect effect was moderated by both peer alienation and rumination. Specifically, the mediating effect of psychological distress was stronger for adolescents with higher levels of peer alienation or adolescents with higher levels of rumination, as well as those with both higher levels of peer alienation and rumination.ConclusionThe findings of this study enrich our understanding of how and for whom academic stress is correlated with mobile phone addiction. Education experts and parents should pay special attention to adolescents suffering from academic stress, especially those with higher peer alienation and rumination, and help them get rid of mobile phone addiction.

ABSTRACT Understanding the molecular mechanism of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle synthesis in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BYM is particularly important for the commercial development of biogenic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The phenomic parameters such as intracellular iron content and number and size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were significantly affected by different treatment conditions, i.e., FeSO4·7H2O concentrations (0, 40, and 80 g/L), growth times (12, 36, and 50 h), and magnetic field intensities (0.05, 3.5, and 15 mT) (P < 0.01). Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2,164, 1,587, and 1,061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were accordingly detected, and 24 significant expression profiles were identified in A. ferrooxidans BYM under the three treatment conditions. The construction of gene regulatory networks for Fe3O4 nanoparticle synthesis indicated that DEGs mainly enrich ion transport, oxidation-reduction process, membrane structure, signal transduction, and quorum sensing. The four modules were found to be significantly associated with Fe3O4 nanoparticle phenomic parameters using a weighted gene co-expression network. Ten hub genes significantly correlated with Fe3O4 nanoparticle phenomic parameters (P < 0.01) were finally selected from 24 eigengenes related to iron metabolism screened from these models. On the basis of the previous research results and the present study findings, we provide a hypothetical molecular model for Fe3O4 nanoparticle synthesis mediated by these hub genes in A. ferrooxidans BYM comprising membrane formation, iron uptake and transport, iron redox, and crystal maturity. Our results will enable in-depth studies of Fe3O4 nanoparticle synthesis in non-magnetotactic magnetosome-producing bacteria. IMPORTANCE As the most important non-magnetotactic magnetosome-producing bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans only requires very mild conditions to produce Fe3O4 nanoparticles, thus conferring greater flexibility and potential application in biomagnetic nanoparticle production. However, the available information cannot explain the mechanism of Fe3O4 nanoparticle formation in A. ferrooxidans. In this study, we applied phenomic and transcriptomic analyses to reveal this mechanism. We found that different treatment condition factors notably affect the phenomic data of Fe3O4 nanoparticle in A. ferrooxidans. Using transcriptomic analyses, the gene network controlling/regulating Fe3O4 nanoparticle biogenesis in A. ferrooxidans was proposed, excavating the candidate hub genes for Fe3O4 nanoparticle formation in A. ferrooxidans. Based on this information, a sequential model for Fe3O4 nanoparticle synthesis in A. ferrooxidans was hypothesized. It lays the groundwork for further clarifying the feature of Fe3O4 nanoparticle synthesis.

PurposeChronic low back pain (CLBP) is an aging and public health issue that is a leading cause of disability worldwide and has a significant economic impact on a global scale. Treatments for CLBP are varied, and there is currently no study with high-quality evidence to show which treatment works best. Exercise therapy has the characteristics of minor harm, low cost, and convenient implementation. It has become a mainstream treatment method in clinics for chronic low back pain. However, there is insufficient evidence on which specific exercise regimen is more effective for chronic non-specific low back pain. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of different exercise therapies on chronic low back pain and provide a reference for exercise regimens in CLBP patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to 10 May 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for selection. We collected information from studies to compare the effects of 20 exercise interventions on patients with chronic low back pain.ResultsThis study included 75 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 5,254 participants. Network meta-analysis results showed that tai chi [standardized mean difference (SMD), −2.11; 95% CI, −3.62 to −0.61], yoga (SMD, −1.76; 95% CI −2.72 to −0.81), Pilates exercise (SMD, −1.52; 95% CI, −2.68, to −0.36), and sling exercise (SMD, −1.19; 95% CI, −2.07 to −0.30) showed a better pain improvement than conventional rehabilitation. Tai chi (SMD, −2.42; 95% CI, −3.81 to −1.03) and yoga (SMD, −2.07; 95% CI, −2.80 to −1.34) showed a better pain improvement than no intervention provided. Yoga (SMD, −1.72; 95% CI, −2.91 to −0.53) and core or stabilization exercises (SMD, −1.04; 95% CI, −1.80 to −0.28) showed a better physical function improvement than conventional rehabilitation. Yoga (SMD, −1.81; 95% CI, −2.78 to −0.83) and core or stabilization exercises (SMD, −1.13; 95% CI, −1.66 to −0.59) showed a better physical function improvement than no intervention provided.ConclusionCompared with conventional rehabilitation and no intervention provided, tai chi, toga, Pilates exercise, sling exercise, motor control exercise, and core or stabilization exercises significantly improved CLBP in patients. Compared with conventional rehabilitation and no intervention provided, yoga and core or stabilization exercises were statistically significant in improving physical function in patients with CLBP. Due to the limitations of the quality and quantity of the included studies, it is difficult to make a definitive recommendation before more large-scale and high-quality RCTs are conducted.

The present study aimed to evaluate the application of different wheat bran fermentation sources in growing pigs. A total of 320 pigs (43 ± 0.21 kg), were randomly allocated to 5 groups in a 21-d trial. The control group was fed a basal diet (CON) containing raw wheat bran, and the other four treatments were fed the diets in which the raw wheat bran in the basal diet was substituted with Aspergillus niger (WBA), Bacillus licheniformis (WBB), Candida utilis (WBC), and Lactobacillus plantarum (WBL) fermented wheat bran, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CON group, the crude fiber and pH values were decreased (p

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) can rapidly relocate to optimal habitats by magnetotaxis, and play an important role in iron biogeochemical cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the external magnetostatic field to the diversity of MTB in freshwater sediments from Yangtze River (Changjiang River, CJ), Chagan Lake (CGH) and Zhalong Wetland (ZL). The magnetic field intensity was tightly associated with the community richness of MTB in CJ, whereas it was closely related to the diversity of MTB in CGH and ZL (p