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102. The International Pulsar Timing Array: Second data release

Author

Sarah Burke-Spolaor, Robert D. Ferdman, Stephen Taylor, Lei Zhang, Janna Goldstein, Caterina Tiburzi, Alberto Sesana, Ingrid H. Stairs, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, N. D. R. Bhat, Benetge Perera, Aditya Parthasarathy, Michael Kramer, H. Hu, Richard N. Manchester, Joseph Simon, L. Lentati, Matthew Kerr, Shi Dai, R. N. Caballero, Megan E. DeCesar, Paul Demorest, A. Possenti, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Kathryn Crowter, Weiwei Zhu, C. G. Bassa, Emmanuel Fonseca, Kejia Lee, Scott M. Ransom, Michael Keith, Stefan Oslowski, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, D. J. Champion, Ramesh Karuppusamy, David J. Nice, Andrew Lyne, Timothy T. Pennucci, Timothy Dolch, J. K. Swiggum, Benjamin Stappers, K. Islo, Lucas Guillemot, Michele Vallisneri, J. B. Wang, X. Siemens, Gregory Desvignes, Gilles Theureau, James M. Cordes, Ismaël Cognard, Renée Spiewak, Siyuan Chen, Jing Luo, S. A. Sanidas, P. T. Baker, A. Brazier, Songbo Zhang, Alberto Vecchio, George Hobbs, Delphine Perrodin, Michael T. Lam, Jeffrey S. Hazboun, M. Burgay, Daniel J. Reardon, Zaven Arzoumanian, G. Shaifullah, J. W. McKee, Maura McLaughlin, Christopher J. Russell, Sourav Chatterjee, Kang Liu, Matthew Bailes, Gemma H. Janssen, Ryan Shannon, E. Graikou, Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Perera, B, Decesar, M, Demorest, P, Kerr, M, Lentati, L, Nice, D, Osłowski, S, Ransom, S, Keith, M, Arzoumanian, Z, Bailes, M, Baker, P, Bassa, C, Bhat, N, Brazier, A, Burgay, M, Burke-Spolaor, S, Caballero, R, Champion, D, Chatterjee, S, Chen, S, Cognard, I, Cordes, J, Crowter, K, Dai, S, Desvignes, G, Dolch, T, Ferdman, R, Ferrara, E, Fonseca, E, Goldstein, J, Graikou, E, Guillemot, L, Hazboun, J, Hobbs, G, Hu, H, Islo, K, Janssen, G, Karuppusamy, R, Kramer, M, Lam, M, Lee, K, Liu, K, Luo, J, Lyne, A, Manchester, R, Mckee, J, Mclaughlin, M, Mingarelli, C, Parthasarathy, A, Pennucci, T, Perrodin, D, Possenti, A, Reardon, D, Russell, C, Sanidas, S, Sesana, A, Shaifullah, G, Shannon, R, Siemens, X, Simon, J, Spiewak, R, Stairs, I, Stappers, B, Swiggum, J, Taylor, S, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, Vallisneri, M, Vecchio, A, Wang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, L, Zhu, W, Zhu, X, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Ephemeris, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar timing array, stars: neutron, neutron [stars], Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, Observatory, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, European Pulsar Timing Array, gravitational waves, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], pulsars, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Noise (radio), Methods: data analysi
Abstract

In this paper, we describe the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release, which includes recent pulsar timing data obtained by three regional consortia: the European Pulsar Timing Array, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, and the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. We analyse and where possible combine high-precision timing data for 65 millisecond pulsars which are regularly observed by these groups. A basic noise analysis, including the processes which are both correlated and uncorrelated in time, provides noise models and timing ephemerides for the pulsars. We find that the timing precisions of pulsars are generally improved compared to the previous data release, mainly due to the addition of new data in the combination. The main purpose of this work is to create the most up-to-date IPTA data release. These data are publicly available for searches for low-frequency gravitational waves and other pulsar science., Comment: Submitted to MNRAS and in review, 23 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019
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103. Tests of gravitational symmetries with pulsar binary J1713+0747

Author

Michael Kramer, Kang Liu, Robert D. Ferdman, Lina Levin, P. Lazarus, Marjorie Gonzalez, Michael T. Lam, Gemma H. Janssen, Kejia Lee, Timothy Dolch, Norbert Wex, Scott M. Ransom, Kathryn Crowter, A. Jessner, Ramesh Karuppusamy, J. K. Swiggum, Andrew Lyne, K. Lazaridis, M. L. Jones, Gregory Desvignes, J. W. McKee, Gilles Theureau, Ismaël Cognard, R. Smits, Maura McLaughlin, A. Krieger, Weiwei Zhu, M. Burgay, D. J. Champion, Timothy T. Pennucci, Delphine Perrodin, Caterina Tiburzi, L. Lentati, Kevin Stovall, Joris P. W. Verbiest, A. Possenti, Christine Jordan, Glenn Jones, G. Shaifullah, E. Graikou, J. A. Ellis, David J. Nice, R. N. Caballero, Ingrid H. Stairs, Stefan Oslowski, Jason W. T. Hessels, C. G. Bassa, Emmanuel Fonseca, Benjamin Stappers, S. A. Sanidas, Zaven Arzoumanian, Lucas Guillemot, Paul Demorest, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Univers et Théories ( LUTH ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Zhu, W, Desvignes, G, Wex, N, Caballero, R, Champion, D, Demorest, P, Ellis, J, Janssen, G, Kramer, M, Krieger, A, Lentati, L, Nice, D, Ransom, S, Stairs, I, Stappers, B, Verbiest, J, Arzoumanian, Z, Bassa, C, Burgay, M, Cognard, I, Crowter, K, Dolch, T, Ferdman, R, Fonseca, E, Gonzalez, M, Graikou, E, Guillemot, L, Hessels, J, Jessner, A, Jones, G, Jones, M, Jordan, C, Karuppusamy, R, Lam, M, Lazaridis, K, Lazarus, P, Lee, K, Levin, L, Liu, K, Lyne, A, Mckee, J, Mclaughlin, M, Osłowski, S, Pennucci, T, Perrodin, D, Possenti, A, Sanidas, S, Shaifullah, G, Smits, R, Stovall, K, Swiggum, J, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
General relativity, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Lorentz covariance, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, Gravitation, stars: neutron, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Pulsar, Gravitational field, 0103 physical sciences, pulsars: individual (PSR J1713+0747), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gravitational constant, European Pulsar Timing Array, binaries: general, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], gravitation, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Symmetries play an important role in modern theories of gravity. The strong equivalence principle (SEP) constitutes a collection of gravitational symmetries which are all implemented by general relativity. Alternative theories, however, are generally expected to violate some aspects of SEP. We test three aspects of SEP using observed change rates in the orbital period and eccentricity of binary pulsar J1713+0747: 1. the gravitational constant's constancy as part of locational invariance of gravitation; 2. the post-Newtonian parameter $\hat{\alpha}_3$ in gravitational Lorentz invariance; 3. the universality of free fall (UFF) for strongly self-gravitating bodies. Based on the pulsar timing result of the combined dataset from the North American Nanohertz Gravitational Observatory (NANOGrav) and the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA), we find $\dot{G}/G = (-0.1 \pm 0.9) \times 10^{-12}\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$, which is weaker than Solar system limits, but applies for strongly self-gravitating objects. Furthermore, we obtain the constraints $|\Delta|< 0.002$ for the UFF test and $-3\times10^{-20} < \hat{\alpha}_3 < 4\times10^{-20}$ at 95% confidence. These are the first direct UFF and $\hat{\alpha}_3$ tests based on pulsar binaries, and they overcome various limitations of previous tests., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, and 1 table; submitted to MNRAS

Published
2019
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104. Improving timing sensitivity in the microhertz frequency regime: limits from PSR J1713$+$0747 on gravitational waves produced by super-massive black-hole binaries

Author

John Antoniadis, Gregory Desvignes, R. N. Caballero, Benjamin Stappers, Gilles Theureau, James Mckee, G. Shaifullah, E. Graikou, Andrew Lyne, Cees Bassa, Stefan Oslowski, Sotirios A. Sanidas, L. Lentati, Lucas Guillemot, Benetge Perera, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Ismaël Cognard, Michael Kramer, Delphine Perrodin, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Stephen Taylor, Michael Keith, Kang Liu, P. Lazarus, Gemma H. Janssen, Alberto Sesana, S Babak, D. J. Champion, AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Univers et Théories ( LUTH ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, AUS, NLD, RUS, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Perera, B, Stappers, B, Babak, S, Keith, M, Antoniadis, J, Bassa, C, Caballero, R, Champion, D, Cognard, I, Desvignes, G, Graikou, E, Guillemot, L, Janssen, G, Karuppusamy, R, Kramer, M, Lazarus, P, Lentati, L, Liu, K, Lyne, A, Mckee, J, Osłowski, S, Perrodin, D, Sanidas, S, Sesana, A, Shaifullah, G, Theureau, G, Verbiest, J, Taylor, S, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Bayesian, stars: neutron, neutron, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Quasars: Supermassive black hole, black hole, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, orbit, quasars: supermassive, pulsar, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Supermassive black hole, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, stars, quasars: supermassive black holes, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, sensitivity, black holes, Black hole, Orbit, European Pulsar Timing Array, Amplitude, binaries: general, gravitational waves, black hole: binary, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], frequency, spectral, Stars: Black hole, pulsars: individual: PSR J1713+0747, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], stars: black holes
Abstract

We search for continuous gravitational waves (CGWs) produced by individual super-massive black-hole binaries (SMBHBs) in circular orbits using high-cadence timing observations of PSR J1713$+$0747. We observe this millisecond pulsar using the telescopes in the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) with an average cadence of approximately 1.6 days over the period between April 2011 and July 2015, including an approximately daily average between February 2013 and April 2014. The high-cadence observations are used to improve the pulsar timing sensitivity across the GW frequency range of $0.008-5$ $\mu$Hz. We use two algorithms in the analysis, including a spectral fitting method and a Bayesian approach. For an independent comparison, we also use a previously published Bayesian algorithm. We find that the Bayesian approaches provide optimal results and the timing observations of the pulsar place a 95 per cent upper limit on the sky-averaged strain amplitude of CGWs to be $\lesssim3.5\times10^{-13}$ at a reference frequency of 1 $\mu$Hz. We also find a 95 per cent upper limit on the sky-averaged strain amplitude of low-frequency CGWs to be $\lesssim1.4\times10^{-14}$ at a reference frequency of 20~nHz., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2018
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105. European Pulsar Timing Array limits on an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background

Author

Pablo Rosado, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Lucas Guillemot, Rutger van Haasteren, S. Sanidas, P. Brem, A. Lassus, M. B. Purver, Stanislav Babak, Cees Bassa, Jason W. T. Hessels, R. Smits, Antoine Petiteau, Alberto Vecchio, Ramesh Karuppusamy, D. J. Champion, Ismaël Cognard, Kejia Lee, Caterina Tiburzi, Andrea Possenti, Marta Burgay, P. Lazarus, Alberto Sesana, Lindley Lentati, Stefan Oslowski, Gemma H. Janssen, Stephen Taylor, Gregory Desvignes, Gilles Theureau, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Ben Stappers, Michael Kramer, R. Nicolas Caballero, Kuo Liu, Delphine Perrodin, Jonathan R. Gair, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Birmingham City University (BCU), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Beijing] (KIAA-PKU), Peking University [Beijing], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAL), Columbia University [New York], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bielefeld, Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy ( ASTRON ), 'Programme National de Cosmologie and Galaxies' (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU, France, European Project: 337062,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,DRAGNET(2014), European Project: 610058,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,BLACKHOLECAM(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Lentati, L, Taylor, S, Mingarelli, C, Sesana, A, Sanidas, S, Vecchio, A, Caballero, R, Lee, K, van Haasteren, R, Babak, S, Bassa, C, Brem, P, Burgay, M, Champion, D, Cognard, I, Desvignes, G, Gair, J, Guillemot, L, Hessels, J, Janssen, G, Karuppusamy, R, Kramer, M, Lassus, A, Lazarus, P, Liu, K, Oslowski, S, Perrodin, D, Petiteau, A, Possenti, A, Purver, M, Rosado, P, Smits, R, Stappers, B, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, Verbiest, J, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and API (FNWI)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gravitational wave background, Pulsar timing array, gravitational waves methods: data analysis pulsars: general, Pulsar, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Spectral index, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Gravitational wave, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pulsars: general, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Methods: data analysi, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We present new limits on an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using a six pulsar dataset spanning 18 yr of observations from the 2015 European Pulsar Timing Array data release. Performing a Bayesian analysis, we fit simultaneously for the intrinsic noise parameters for each pulsar, along with common correlated signals including clock, and Solar System ephemeris errors, obtaining a robust 95$\%$ upper limit on the dimensionless strain amplitude $A$ of the background of $A, 24 pages, 5 tables, 17 figures

Published
2015
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106. European Pulsar Timing Array limits on continuous gravitational waves from individual supermassive slack hole binaries

Author

Alberto Vecchio, S. Sanidas, Jonathan R. Gair, R. van Haasteren, L. Lentati, P. Lazarus, A. Possenti, R. N. Caballero, C. G. Bassa, Antoine Petiteau, S. Babak, Gregory Desvignes, Stephen Taylor, Gilles Theureau, R. Smits, Jason W. T. Hessels, Pablo Rosado, Michael Kramer, A. Lassus, D. J. Champion, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Benjamin Stappers, Gemma H. Janssen, Alberto Sesana, M. B. Purver, Lucas Guillemot, P. Brem, M. Burgay, Caterina Tiburzi, Stefan Oslowski, Kejia Lee, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Delphine Perrodin, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Ismaël Cognard, Kang Liu, Babak, S, Petiteau, A, Sesana, A, Brem, P, Rosado, P, Taylor, S, Lassus, A, Hessels, J, Bassa, C, Burgay, M, Caballero, R, Champion, D, Cognard, I, Desvignes, G, Gair, J, Guillemot, L, Janssen, G, Karuppusamy, R, Kramer, M, Lazarus, P, Lee, K, Lentati, L, Liu, K, Mingarelli, C, Oslowski, S, Perrodin, D, Possenti, A, Purver, M, Sanidas, S, Smits, R, Stappers, B, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, van Haasteren, R, Vecchio, A, Verbiest, J, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Beijing] (KIAA-PKU), Peking University [Beijing], Cavendish Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy ( ASTRON ), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], European Project: 337062,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,DRAGNET(2014), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Leiden, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Institute of Astronomy, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), astro-ph.GA, gr-qc, Population, black hole physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Pulsar timing array, Black hole physic, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, education.field_of_study, Supermassive black hole, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, European Pulsar Timing Array, Pulsars: general, Amplitude, gravitational waves, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We have searched for continuous gravitational wave (CGW) signals produced by individually resolvable, circular supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) in the latest EPTA dataset, which consists of ultra-precise timing data on 41 millisecond pulsars. We develop frequentist and Bayesian detection algorithms to search both for monochromatic and frequency-evolving systems. None of the adopted algorithms show evidence for the presence of such a CGW signal, indicating that the data are best described by pulsar and radiometer noise only. Depending on the adopted detection algorithm, the 95\% upper limit on the sky-averaged strain amplitude lies in the range $6\times 10^{-15}10^9$M$_\odot$ out to a distance of about 25Mpc, and with $\cal{M}_c>10^{10}$M$_\odot$ out to a distance of about 1Gpc ($z\approx0.2$). We show that state-of-the-art SMBHB population models predict $, Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2015
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107. A glitch in the millisecond pulsar J0613-0200

Author

Caterina Tiburzi, L. Lentati, G. Shaifullah, James Mckee, Andrew Lyne, Christine Jordan, R. N. Caballero, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Ismaël Cognard, Gemma H. Janssen, E. Graikou, D. J. Champion, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Benjamin Stappers, Stefan Oslowski, Michael Kramer, Delphine Perrodin, Gregory Desvignes, Axel Jessner, P. Lazarus, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAL), Columbia University [New York], Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Bielefeld, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Region Centre in France, European Project: 279702,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,BEACON(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, NLD, Mckee, J, Janssen, G, Stappers, B, Lyne, A, Caballero, R, Lentati, L, Desvignes, G, Jessner, A, Jordan, C, Karuppusamy, R, Kramer, M, Cognard, I, Champion, D, Graikou, E, Lazarus, P, Osłowski, S, Perrodin, D, Shaifullah, G, Tiburzi, C, and Verbiest, J

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Pulsar planet, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, law.invention, Telescope, stars: neutron, stars:rotation, Pulsar timing array, pulsars: individual: PSR J0613-0200, Pulsar, stars: rotation, law, Millisecond pulsar, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, stars:neutron, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, pulsars:general, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Glitch (astronomy), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, pulsars:individual (PSR J0613 − 0200)
Abstract

We present evidence for a small glitch in the spin evolution of the millisecond pulsar J0613$-$0200, using the EPTA Data Release 1.0, combined with Jodrell Bank analogue filterbank TOAs recorded with the Lovell telescope and Effelsberg Pulsar Observing System TOAs. A spin frequency step of 0.82(3) nHz and frequency derivative step of ${-1.6(39) \times 10^{-19}\,\text{Hz} \ \text{s}^{-1}}$ are measured at the epoch of MJD 50888(30). After PSR B1821$-$24A, this is only the second glitch ever observed in a millisecond pulsar, with a fractional size in frequency of ${\Delta \nu/\nu=2.5(1) \times 10^{-12}}$, which is several times smaller than the previous smallest glitch. PSR J0613$-$0200 is used in gravitational wave searches with pulsar timing arrays, and is to date only the second such pulsar to have experienced a glitch in a combined 886 pulsar-years of observations. We find that accurately modelling the glitch does not impact the timing precision for pulsar timing array applications. We estimate that for the current set of millisecond pulsars included in the International Pulsar Timing Array, there is a probability of $\sim 50$% that another glitch will be observed in a timing array pulsar within 10 years., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2016
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108. The noise properties of 42 millisecond pulsars from the European Pulsar Timing Array and their impact on gravitational-wave searches

Author

Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Benjamin Stappers, Alberto Vecchio, S. Babak, Caterina Tiburzi, R. N. Caballero, Kang Liu, A. Lassus, Stefan Oslowski, C. G. Bassa, Delphine Perrodin, Lucas Guillemot, R. van Haasteren, Kejia Lee, P. Brem, E. Graikou, Jason W. T. Hessels, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Pablo Rosado, M. B. Purver, D. J. Champion, Gemma H. Janssen, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Ismaël Cognard, Jonathan R. Gair, G. Shaifullah, J. W. McKee, Stephen Taylor, Michael Kramer, Antoine Petiteau, R. Smits, Alberto Sesana, P. Lazarus, S. Sanidas, L. Lentati, M. Burgay, A. Possenti, Gregory Desvignes, Gilles Theureau, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Caballero, R, Lee, K, Lentati, L, Desvignes, G, Champion, D, Verbiest, J, Janssen, G, Stappers, B, Kramer, M, Lazarus, P, Possenti, A, Tiburzi, C, Perrodin, D, Osłowski, S, Babak, S, Bassa, C, Brem, P, Burgay, M, Cognard, I, Gair, J, Graikou, E, Guillemot, L, Hessels, J, Karuppusamy, R, Lassus, A, Liu, K, Mckee, J, Mingarelli, C, Petiteau, A, Purver, M, Rosado, P, Sanidas, S, Sesana, A, Shaifullah, G, Smits, R, Taylor, S, Theureau, G, van Haasteren, R, Vecchio, A, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Beijing] (KIAA-PKU), Peking University [Beijing], Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAL), Columbia University [New York], Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universität Bielefeld, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), School of Mathematics - University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy ( ASTRON ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, gravitational waves – methods: data analysis – pulsars: general, Physics, Supermassive black hole, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, European Pulsar Timing Array, Amplitude, gravitational waves, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Methods: data analysi
Abstract

The sensitivity of Pulsar Timing Arrays to gravitational waves depends on the noise present in the individual pulsar timing data. Noise may be either intrinsic or extrinsic to the pulsar. Intrinsic sources of noise will include rotational instabilities, for example. Extrinsic sources of noise include contributions from physical processes which are not sufficiently well modelled, for example, dispersion and scattering effects, analysis errors and instrumental instabilities. We present the results from a noise analysis for 42 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) observed with the European Pulsar Timing Array. For characterising the low-frequency, stochastic and achromatic noise component, or "timing noise", we employ two methods, based on Bayesian and frequentist statistics. For 25 MSPs, we achieve statistically significant measurements of their timing noise parameters and find that the two methods give consistent results. For the remaining 17 MSPs, we place upper limits on the timing noise amplitude at the 95% confidence level. We additionally place an upper limit on the contribution to the pulsar noise budget from errors in the reference terrestrial time standards (below 1%), and we find evidence for a noise component which is present only in the data of one of the four used telescopes. Finally, we estimate that the timing noise of individual pulsars reduces the sensitivity of this data set to an isotropic, stochastic GW background by a factor of >9.1 and by a factor of >2.3 for continuous GWs from resolvable, inspiralling supermassive black-hole binaries with circular orbits., Accepted for publication by the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2016
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109. A millisecond pulsar in an extremely wide binary system

Author

Benjamin Stappers, R. Smits, Kejia Lee, Lucas Guillemot, E. Graikou, R. N. Caballero, C. G. Bassa, Gemma H. Janssen, P. Lazarus, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Weiwei Zhu, Thomas Wevers, Peter G. Jonker, Ramesh Karuppusamy, S. Sanidas, G. Shaifullah, Ismaël Cognard, Andrew Lyne, A. Jessner, J. W. McKee, Michael Kramer, Caterina Tiburzi, K. Lazaridis, Stefan Oslowski, Paulo C. C. Freire, D. J. Champion, Thomas M. Tauris, Kang Liu, Christine Jordan, Delphine Perrodin, L. Lentati, Gregory Desvignes, Gilles Theureau, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AlfA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Beijing] (KIAA-PKU), Peking University [Beijing], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Programme National de Cosmologie and Galaxies' (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU, France., European Project: 337062,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,DRAGNET(2014), European Project: 610058,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,BLACKHOLECAM(2014), ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, TWN, NLD, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bassa, C, Janssen, G, Stappers, B, Tauris, T, Wevers, T, Jonker, P, Lentati, L, Verbiest, J, Desvignes, G, Graikou, E, Guillemot, L, Freire, P, Lazarus, P, Caballero, R, Champion, D, Cognard, I, Jessner, A, Jordan, C, Karuppusamy, R, Kramer, M, Lazaridis, K, Lee, K, Liu, K, Lyne, A, Mckee, J, Osłowski, S, Perrodin, D, Sanidas, S, Shaifullah, G, Smits, R, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, Zhu, W, Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
stars: individual: PSR J1024-0719, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Pulsar planet, Supernovae: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, stars: neutron, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], supernovae: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, European Pulsar Timing Array, Neutron star, binaries: general, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Sub-Earth, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray pulsar
Abstract

We report on 22 yrs of radio timing observations of the millisecond pulsar J1024$-$0719 by the telescopes participating in the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA). These observations reveal a significant second derivative of the pulsar spin frequency and confirm the discrepancy between the parallax and Shklovskii distances that has been reported earlier. We also present optical astrometry, photometry and spectroscopy of 2MASS J10243869$-$0719190. We find that it is a low-metallicity main-sequence star (K7V spectral type, $\mathrm{[M/H]}=-1.0$, $T_\mathrm{eff}=4050\pm50$ K) and that its position, proper motion and distance are consistent with those of PSR J1024$-$0719. We conclude that PSR J1024$-$0719 and 2MASS J10243869$-$0719190 form a common proper motion pair and are gravitationally bound. The gravitational interaction between the main-sequence star and the pulsar accounts for the spin frequency derivatives, which in turn resolves the distance discrepancy. Our observations suggest that the pulsar and main-sequence star are in an extremely wide ($P_\mathrm{b}>200$ yr) orbit. Combining the radial velocity of the companion and proper motion of the pulsar, we find that the binary system has a high spatial velocity of $384\pm45$ km s$^{-1}$ with respect to the local standard of rest and has a Galactic orbit consistent with halo objects. Since the observed main-sequence companion star cannot have recycled the pulsar to millisecond spin periods, an exotic formation scenario is required. We demonstrate that this extremely wide-orbit binary could have evolved from a triple system that underwent an asymmetric supernova explosion, though find that significant fine-tuning during the explosion is required. Finally, we discuss the implications of the long period orbit on the timing stability of PSR J1024$-$0719 in light of its inclusion in pulsar timing arrays., 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, submitted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2016
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110. All correlations must die: Assessing the significance of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in pulsar-timing arrays

Author

S. Babak, Stephen Taylor, Alberto Vecchio, Jonathan R. Gair, L. Lentati, Alberto Sesana, P. Brem, Taylor, S, Lentati, L, Babak, S, Brem, P, Gair, J, Sesana, A, and Vecchio, A

Subjects
gr-qc, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Basis function, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Ephemeris, Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Gravitational wave background, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phase coherence, Simulated data, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic, Algorithm, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We present two methods for determining the significance of a stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background affecting a pulsar-timing array, where detection is based on evidence for quadrupolar spatial correlations between pulsars. Rather than constructing noise simulations, we eliminate the GWB spatial correlations in the true datasets to assess detection significance with all real data features intact. In our first method, we perform random phase shifts in the signal-model basis functions. This phase shifting eliminates signal phase coherence between pulsars, while keeping the statistical properties of the pulsar timing residuals intact. We then explore a method to null correlations between pulsars by using a "scrambled" overlap-reduction function in the signal model for the array. This scrambled function is orthogonal to what we expect of a real GW background signal. We demonstrate the efficacy of these methods using Bayesian model selection on a set of simulated datasets that contain a stochastic GW signal, timing noise, undiagnosed glitches, and uncertainties in the Solar system ephemeris. Finally, we introduce an overarching formalism under which these two techniques are naturally linked. These methods are immediately applicable to all current pulsar-timing array datasets, and should become standard tools for future analyses., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Updated to match published version

Published
2016
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111. Limits on anisotropy in the nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave background

Author

Kang Liu, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, P. Lazarus, R. van Haasteren, R. N. Caballero, Joris P. W. Verbiest, Stefan Oslowski, C. G. Bassa, S. Babak, A. Lassus, Gregory Desvignes, Gilles Theureau, J. R. Gair, Alberto Vecchio, Delphine Perrodin, S. Sanidas, R. Smits, M. Burgay, Caterina Tiburzi, Gemma H. Janssen, L. Lentati, Alberto Sesana, Pablo Rosado, Ramesh Karuppusamy, A. Possenti, Ismaël Cognard, Jason W. T. Hessels, Antoine Petiteau, Stephen Taylor, D. J. Champion, Lucas Guillemot, P. Brem, Ben Stappers, Michael Kramer, M. B. Purver, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Cavendish Laboratory, Birmingham City University (BCU), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAL), Columbia University [New York], Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing (Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing), Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) (AEI), Programme National de Cosmologie and Galaxies' (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU, France, European Project: 610058,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,BLACKHOLECAM(2014), European Project: 337062,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,DRAGNET(2014), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), API (FNWI), Taylor, S, Mingarelli, C, Gair, J, Sesana, A, Theureau, G, Babak, S, Bassa, C, Brem, P, Burgay, M, Caballero, R, Champion, D, Cognard, I, Desvignes, G, Guillemot, L, Hessels, J, Janssen, G, Karuppusamy, R, Kramer, M, Lassus, A, Lazarus, P, Lentati, L, Liu, K, Oslowski, S, Perrodin, D, Petiteau, A, Possenti, A, Purver, M, Rosado, P, Sanidas, S, Smits, R, Stappers, B, Tiburzi, C, Van Haasteren, R, Vecchio, A, and Verbiest, J

Subjects
Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gr-qc, Population, gravitational waves, pulsar timing, cosmology, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational wave background, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pulsars, astro-ph.HE, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Supermassive black hole, Gravitational waves: theory, Galaxy mergers collisions and tidal interactions, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, European Pulsar Timing Array, Amplitude, astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Multipole expansion, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The paucity of observed supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) may imply that the gravitational wave background (GWB) from this population is anisotropic, rendering existing analyses sub-optimal. We present the first constraints on the angular distribution of a nanohertz stochastic GWB from circular, inspiral-driven SMBHBs using the $2015$ European Pulsar Timing Array data [Desvignes et al. (in prep.)]. Our analysis of the GWB in the $\sim 2 - 90$ nHz band shows consistency with isotropy, with the strain amplitude in $l>0$ spherical harmonic multipoles $\lesssim 40\%$ of the monopole value. We expect that these more general techniques will become standard tools to probe the angular distribution of source populations., 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2015
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112. Field and Globular Cluster Low Mass X-ray Binaries in NGC4278

Author

V. Kalogera, Andrew J. King, A. J. Richings, Roger L. Davies, L. Lentati, J. C. Gallagher, Lorella Angelini, Nicola Brassington, Dong-Woo Kim, Silvia Pellegrini, G. Fabbiano, A. Kundu, S. E. Zepf, Ginevra Trinchieri, Andreas Zezas, Fabbiano G., Brassington N.J., Lentati L., Angelini L., Davies R.L., Gallagher J., Kalogera V., Kim D.W., King A.R., Kundu A., Pellegrini S., Trinchieri G., Zezas A., and Zepf S.E.

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Metallicity, Milky Way, Population, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Luminosity, Black hole, Space and Planetary Science, Globular cluster, Elliptical galaxy, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We report a detailed spectral analysis of the population of low-massX-ray binaries (LMXBs) detected in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4278 with Chandra. Seven luminous sources were studied individually, four in globular clusters (GCs) and three in the stellar field. The range of (0.3-8 keV) LX for these sources is ∼(3-8) × 1038 erg s-1, suggesting that they may be black hole binaries (BHBs). Fitting the data with either single thermal accretion disk or power-law (PO) models results in best-fit temperatures of ∼0.7-1.7 keV and Λ ∼ 1.2-2.0, consistent with those measured in Galactic BHBs. Comparison of our results with simulations allows us to discriminate between disk and power-lawdominated emission, pointing to spectral/luminosity variability, reminiscent of Galactic BHBs. The BH masses derived from a comparison of our spectral results with the LX ≥ T in4 relation of Galactic BHBs are in the 5-15M⊙ range, as observed in the Milky Way. The analysis of joint spectra of sources selected in three luminosity ranges (LX ≥ 1.5 × 1038 erg s-1, 6 × 1037 erg s-1 ≤ LX < 1.5 × 1038 erg s-1, and LX < 6 × 1037 erg s-1) suggests that while the high-luminosity sources have prominent thermal disk emission components, power-law components are likely to be important in the mid- and low-luminosity spectra. Comparing low-luminosity average spectra, we find a relatively larger NH in the GC spectrum; we speculate that this may point to either a metallicity effect or to intrinsic physical differences between field and GC accreting binaries. Analysis of average sample properties uncovers a previously unreported L X-RG correlation (where RG is the galactocentric radius) in the GC-LMXB sample, implying richer LMXB populations in more central GCs. No such trend is seen in the field LMXB sample. We can exclude that the GC LX-RG correlation is the by-product of a luminosity effect and suggest that it may be related to the presence of more compact GCs at smaller galactocentric radii, fostering more efficient binary formation. © 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Published
2010

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