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Using experiments by Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E) Incoherent Scatter Radar (SYISR) during 22 days, we first obtained the line‐of‐sight ion velocity in multiple directions, further calculated three‐dimensional vector velocity through least squares fitting, and subsequently derived northward neutral wind and electric fields from 150 to 500 km based on the momentum equation. In order to verify the reliability of the derived northward neutral wind and electric field, we used NCAR‐TIEGCM and HWM for comparative analysis. They had a good consistency in terms of diurnal variation and direction. The SYISR vertical ExB velocity during the daytime is larger than that of TIEGCM, and the direction reverses occur after 20:00 for both TIEGCM and SYISR. We further compared our wind data with that of ICON satellite. They showed a positive correlation of ∼0.62. We also used the ∆H method to verify our eastward electric field. They showed a roughly linear dependency, although the correlation coefficient is not very high. Plain Language Summary: In the low latitude ionosphere, neutral wind drives ions moving across the geomagnetic field line and generates electric field. Therefore, neutral wind and electric field are two key drivers in low latitude ionospheric dynamics. Monitoring both parameters is important for low latitude ionosphere investigation. However, measuring neutral wind and electric field, especially height profile in the F region, is very challenging and rare. In this paper, using the newly built Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar, we have developed sophisticated algorithm to derive neutral wind and electric field from multiple beams SYISR measurements. Further evaluations show the data is reliable and therefore useful. Key Points: Northward neutral wind and electric field from 150 to 500 km are obtained using 22 days continuously SYISR observationsThe derived northward neutral wind and electric field are in good agreement with well‐known modelsThe results are further independently evaluated by ICON satellite and geomagnetism data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy has brought a new dawn for human being to defeat cancer. Although existing immunotherapy regimens (CAR‐T, etc.) have made breakthroughs in the treatments of hematological cancer and few solid tumors such as melanoma, the therapeutic efficacy on most solid tumors is still far from being satisfactory. In recent years, the researches on tumor immunotherapy based on nanocatalytic materials are under rapid development, and significant progresses have been made. Nanocatalytic medicine has been demonstrated to be capable of overcoming the limitations of current clinicnal treatments by using toxic chemodrugs, and exhibits highly attractive advantages over traditional therapies, such as the enhanced and sustained therapeutic efficacy based on the durable catalytic activity, remarkably reduced harmful side‐effects without using traditional toxic chemodrugs, and so on. Most recently, nanocatalytic medicine has been introduced in the immune‐regulation for disease treatments, especially, in the immunoactivation for tumor therapies. This article presents the most recent progresses in immune‐response activations by nanocatalytic medicine‐initiated chemical reactions for tumor immunotherapy, and elucidates the mechanism of nanocatalytic medicines in regulating anti‐tumor immunity. By reviewing the current research progress in the emerging field, this review will further highlight the great potential and broad prospects of nanocatalysis‐based anti‐tumor immune‐therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is a serine hydrolase with classical function to degrade acetylcholine and terminate neurotransmission. While "nonclassical" functions of AchE were involved in cell growth, death, invasion, etc. The expression and activity of AchE is changed in tumors, suggesting AChE inhibitors (AchEIs) may serve as potential antitumor drugs. In this study, the antitumor activity of a series of 2‐phenylthiazole derivatives originally designed and synthesized as AchEIs were investigated. One compound named A6, was screened out with superior antitumor efficacy, especially against breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. A6 significantly disrupted the amino acid metabolism and inhibited migration of MCF‐7. In addition, A6 induced apoptosis of MCF‐7 cells. To clarify how A6 affected on MCF‐7 cells, RNA‐seq analysis was conducted to evaluate the whole genome effect of A6 on gene expression. A total of 153 genes were increased, and the expression of 81 genes was decreased. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed A6 treatment mainly disrupted sterol/cholesterol pathway, Ras signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, etc. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis and cell viability test showed A6 plays anticancer role by regulating Best1 and HIST1H2BJ. These results indicate that AchEI A6 could be a potential antitumor agent for breast cancer patients and could help the development of novel therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]