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107. Aggregation

Author

Fouché, Quentin, Charabidzé, Damien, Lihoreau, Mathieu, and Mathieu, Lihoreau

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SCCO] Cognitive science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Published
2019

109. Relationships between enamel prism decussation and organization of the ameloblast layer in rodent incisors

Author

Alloing-Séguier, Léanie, Marivaux, Laurent, Barczi, Jean-François, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Alloing-Séguier, Léanie, Marivaux, Laurent, Barczi, Jean-François, Lihoreau, Mathieu, and Martinand-Mari, Camille

Abstract

Rodent enamel microstructure has been extensively investigated, primarily on the basis of 2D electronic microscopy data. The nature and dynamics of the ameloblasts (the enamel-secreting cells) have also been well studied. However, critical issues still remain surrounding exactly how the ameloblasts produce the astonishing microstructural complexity of enamel, and how this subtle architecture evolved through time. In this article, we used a new methodology based on confocal laser microscopy to reconstruct the enamel microstructure of rodent incisors in three dimensions (3D) with the ameloblasts in situ. We proposed interpretations regarding the possible relationships between the workings of the ameloblasts and the resulting enamel prisms, especially how the phenomenon of decussation is generated. Finally, we were able to represent the two main types of modern rodent incisor microstructures (uniserial and multiserial decussations), as a set of parameters that have been entered into the 3D enamel simulation software Simulenam to generate 3D models that can be digitally manipulated. Associating 2D data of incisor enamel microstructure of fossil rodents and Simulenam, it was then possible to better understand how the various decussation parameters evolved through time and gave rise to the two modern microstructure types from the same ancestral type (pauciserial). This study also confirmed that rodent and artiodactyl enamel do not share the same mechanism of decussation formation.

Published
2019

110. Bumblebees learn foraging routes through exploitation-exploration cycles

Author

Kembro, Jackelyn M., Lihoreau, Mathieu, Garriga, Joan, Raposo. E. P., Bartumeus, Frederic, Kembro, Jackelyn M., Lihoreau, Mathieu, Garriga, Joan, Raposo. E. P., and Bartumeus, Frederic

Abstract

How animals explore and acquire knowledge from the environment is a key question in movement ecology. For pollinators that feed on multiple small replenishing nectar resources, the challenge is to learn efficient foraging routes while dynamically acquiring spatial information about new resource locations. Here, we use the behavioural mapping t-Stochastic Neighbouring Embedding algorithm and Shannon entropy to statistically analyse previously published sampling patterns of bumblebees feeding on artificial flowers in the field. We showthat bumblebeesmodulate foraging excursions into distinctive behavioural strategies, characterizing the trade-off dynamics between (i) visiting and exploiting flowers close to the nest, (ii) searching for new routes and resources, and (iii) exploiting learned flower visitation sequences. Experienced bees combine these behavioural strategies even after they find an optimal route minimizing travel distances between flowers. This behavioural variability may help balancing energycosts–benefits and facilitate rapidadaptationto changing environments and the integration of more profitable resources in their routes.

Published
2019

117. Relationships between enamel prism decussation and organization of the ameloblast layer in rodent incisors

Author

Alloing-Séguier, Léanie, Marivaux, Laurent, Barczi, Jean-François, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Alloing-Séguier, Léanie, Marivaux, Laurent, Barczi, Jean-François, Lihoreau, Mathieu, and Martinand-Mari, Camille

Abstract

Rodent enamel microstructure has been extensively investigated, primarily on the basis of 2D electronic microscopy data. The nature and dynamics of the ameloblasts (the enamel-secreting cells) have also been well studied. However, critical issues still remain surrounding exactly how the ameloblasts produce the astonishing microstructural complexity of enamel, and how this subtle architecture evolved through time. In this article, we used a new methodology based on confocal laser microscopy to reconstruct the enamel microstructure of rodent incisors in three dimensions (3D) with the ameloblasts in situ. We proposed interpretations regarding the possible relationships between the workings of the ameloblasts and the resulting enamel prisms, especially how the phenomenon of decussation is generated. Finally, we were able to represent the two main types of modern rodent incisor microstructures (uniserial and multiserial decussations), as a set of parameters that have been entered into the 3D enamel simulation software Simulenam to generate 3D models that can be digitally manipulated. Associating 2D data of incisor enamel microstructure of fossil rodents and Simulenam, it was then possible to better understand how the various decussation parameters evolved through time and gave rise to the two modern microstructure types from the same ancestral type (pauciserial). This study also confirmed that rodent and artiodactyl enamel do not share the same mechanism of decussation formation.

Published
2018

118. Analysis of temporal patterns in animal movement networks.

Author

Pasquaretta, Cristian, Dubois, Thibault, Gomez‐Moracho, Tamara, Delepoulle, Virginie P., Le Loc'h, Guillaume, Heeb, Philipp, Lihoreau, Mathieu, and Soto, David

Subjects
HOME range (Animal geography), ANIMAL behavior, GLOBAL Positioning System, ANIMAL radio tracking, TIME series analysis, ROE deer
Abstract

Understanding how animal movements change across space and time is a fundamental question in ecology. While classical analyses of trajectories give insightful descriptors of spatial patterns, a satisfying method for assessing the temporal succession of such patterns is lacking.Network analyses are increasingly used to capture properties of complex animal trajectories in simple graphical metrics. Here, building on this approach, we introduce a method that incorporates time into movement network analyses based on temporal sequences of network motifs.We illustrate our method using four example trajectories (bumblebee, black kite, roe deer, wolf) collected with different technologies (harmonic radar, platform terminal transmitter, global positioning system). First, we transformed each trajectory into a spatial network by defining the animal's coordinates as nodes and movements in between as edges. Second, we extracted temporal sequences of network motifs from each movement network and compared the resulting behavioural profiles to topological features of the original trajectory. Finally, we compared each sequence of motifs with simulated Brownian and Lévy random motions to statistically determine differences between trajectories and classical movement models.Our analysis of the temporal sequences of network motifs in individual movement networks revealed successions of spatial patterns corresponding to changes in behavioural modes that can be attributed to specific spatio‐temporal events of each animal trajectory. Future applications of our method to multi‐layered movement and social network analysis yield considerable promises for extending the study of complex movement patterns at the population level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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119. Inter-individual variability in the foraging behaviour of traplining bumblebees

Author

Klein, Simon, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Barron, Andrew B., Devaud, Jean-Marc, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swansea University, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mathieu, Lihoreau

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biological Variation, Individual, Models, Statistical, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Feeding Behavior, Flowers, Bees, Article, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Flight, Animal, Medicine, Animals, Body Size, Pollination
Abstract

International audience; Workers of social insects, such as bees, ants and wasps, show some degree of inter-individual variability in decision-making, learning and memory. Whether these natural cognitive differences translate into distinct adaptive behavioural strategies is virtually unknown. Here we examined variability in the movement patterns of bumblebee foragers establishing routes between artificial flowers. We recorded all flower visitation sequences performed by 29 bees tested for 20 consecutive foraging bouts in three experimental arrays, each characterised by a unique spatial configuration of artificial flowers and three-dimensional landmarks. All bees started to develop efficient routes as they accumulated foraging experience in each array, and showed consistent inter-individual differences in their levels of route fidelity and foraging performance, as measured by travel speed and the frequency of revisits to flowers. While the tendency of bees to repeat the same route was influenced by their colony origin, foraging performance was correlated to body size. The largest foragers travelled faster and made less revisits to empty flowers. We discuss the possible adaptive value of such inter-individual variability within the forager caste for optimisation of colony-level foraging performances in social pollinators.

Published
2017
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120. Effects of parasites and pathogens on bee cognition

Author

Gómez-Moracho, Tamara, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Heeb, Philipp, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Basel, Inst Anat, Pestalozzistr, and University of Basel (Unibas)

Subjects
honey bees, cognition, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Varroa, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, fungi, Bumblebees, complex mixtures, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Nosema, Crithidia, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, learning and memory, parasites and pathogens
Abstract

International audience; 1. Bees are key pollinators and their widespread decline has raised considerable concerns regarding the sustainability of ecosystems and food production. Many environmental stressors do not directly kill bees, but they alter their physiology and behaviour, ultimately impacting colonies and populations. 2. This review considers the impact of parasites and pathogens on bee cognition. 3. First the main parasites and pathogens of bees are described, as well as how they modify the foraging behaviour, learning and memory of their hosts. 4. Next, the various defence mechanisms developed by bees to mitigate these effects at both the individual and collective levels are examined. 5. Finally, there is a discussion on how integrating research on host parasites, animal behaviour and cognition will provide a more detailed assessment of the contribution of parasites and pathogens to declines in the bee population and help to inform constructive ecological interventions.

Published
2017
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122. Analysing plant-pollinator interactions with spatial movement networks

Author

Pasquaretta, Cristian, Jeanson, Raphaël, Andalo, Christophe, Chittka, Lars, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Centre for Psychology, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), ANR-16-CE02-0002,POLLINET,Structure et efficacité des réseaux de pollinisation dans des environnements changeants(2016), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Mathieu, Lihoreau, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, foraging, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, spatial networks, pollination, honeybees, route optimisation, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, movement ecology, Bumblebees, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Pollinators, such as bees, face the complex challenge of efficiently exploiting patchily distributed floral resources across large landscapes. In the present study we consider the utility of spatial network statistics to analyse the foraging patterns of bees moving between feeding sites at various spatial and temporal scales. We explain how spatial movement networks can be derived theoretically and experimentally to describe bee foraging decisions. We illustrate this approach by analysing six datasets of bumblebees and honeybees foraging in arrays of artificial flowers, and showing how network metrics change as foragers gain experience with the spatial distribution of feeding sites. 5. We compare network analyses with more conventional statistics used to characterise bee foraging movements and discuss the implications of our novel statistical and modelling approach for pollination ecology.

Published
2017
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125. Do Insects Have Emotions? Some Insights from Bumble Bees

Author

Baracchi, David, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Giurfa, Martin, Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathieu, Lihoreau, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, internal states, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, bumblebee, invertebrates, insect cognition, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, motivation, arousal, emotion-like state, reward, Perspective, Neuroscience
Abstract

International audience; While our conceptual understanding of emotions is largely based on human subjective experiences, research in comparative cognition has shown growing interest in the existence and identification of "emotion-like" states in non-human animals. There is still ongoing debate about the nature of emotions in animals (especially invertebrates), and certainly their existence and the existence of certain expressive behaviors displaying internal emotional states raise a number of exciting and challenging questions. Interestingly, at least superficially, insects (bees and flies) seem to fulfill the basic requirements of emotional behavior. Yet, recent works go a step further by adopting terminologies and interpretational frameworks that could have been considered as crude anthropocentrism and that now seem acceptable in the scientific literature on invertebrate behavior and cognition. This change in paradigm requires, therefore, that the question of emotions in invertebrates is reconsidered from a cautious perspective and with parsimonious explanations. Here we review and discuss this controversial topic based on the recent finding that bumblebees experience positive emotions while experiencing unexpected sucrose rewards, but also incorporating a broader survey of recent literature in which similar claims have been done for other invertebrates. We maintain that caution is warranted before attributing emotion-like states to honey bees and bumble bees as some experimental caveats may undermine definitive conclusions. We suggest that interpreting many of these findings in terms of motivational drives may be less anthropocentrically biased and more cautious, at least until more careful experiments warrant the use of an emotion-related terminology.

Published
2017
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128. Collective selection of food patches in Drosophila

Author

Lihoreau, Mathieu, Clarke, Ireni M., Buhl, Jerome, Sumpter, David J. T., Simpson, Stephen J., Lihoreau, Mathieu, Clarke, Ireni M., Buhl, Jerome, Sumpter, David J. T., and Simpson, Stephen J.

Abstract

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a model organism for research on social interactions. Although recent studies have described how individuals interact on foods for nutrition and reproduction, the complex dynamics by which groups initially develop and disperse have received little attention. Here we investigated the dynamics of collective foraging decisions by D. melanogaster and their variation with group size and composition. Groups of adults and larvae facing a choice between two identical, nutritionally balanced food patches distributed themselves asymmetrically, thereby exploiting one patch more than the other. The speed of the collective decisions increased with group size, as a result of flies joining foods faster. However, smaller groups exhibited more pronounced distribution asymmetries than larger ones. Using computer simulations, we show how these non-linear phenomena can emerge from social attraction towards occupied food patches, whose effects add up or compete depending on group size. Our results open new opportunities for exploring complex dynamics of nutrient selection in simple and genetically tractable groups.

Published
2016
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129. Organisation et fonctionnement des groupes sociaux chez une blatte grégaire : un autre modèle de société d’insectes

Author

Lihoreau, Mathieu, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1, Colette Rivault, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
kin recognition, effet de groupe, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, reconnaissance de parentèle, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, insecte, group effect, évolution de la socialité, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Blattella germanica, sélection sexuelle, collective decision, décision collective, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, sexual selection, insect, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, social evolution, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

The study of social evolution is traditionally linked to the study of the most integrated societies. Key theories in insect sociobiology have been based mainly on the functioning rules of eusocial species, while the great majority of non-eusocial species were neglected, although their study is a necessary step to improve our understanding of social evolution. In this context, cockroaches constitute a good model because of their phylogenetic proximity with solitary as well as eusocial species. My thesis focused on the analysis of the organization and functioning of social groups in a gregarious cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). An interdisciplinary approach including ethology, behavioural ecology, chemical ecology and mathematical modeling, enabled me to highlight the main characteristics of social life of this species. I demonstrated interdependence of group members related to physiological and behavioural group effects, thus stressing the importance of social relations and gregariousness. I identified a kin recognition mechanism that shapes interactions among group members in relation to context (social or sexual). Then, I demonstrated the occurrence of cooperation between group members to exploit food resources, based on a self-organized collective decision mechanism underlying recruitment. My results evidence that B. germanica is more than just a gregarious insect, as their aggregates form real social groups involving communication and cooperation. All my data allow me to present another model of insect society that can be qualified as a ‘mixed-family herd’ when group-living is primarily based on ecological benefits. Our results offer promising perspectives for the study of social evolution in insects., L’étude de l’évolution de la socialité est traditionnellement liée à l’étude des sociétés les plus intégrées. Ainsi chez les insectes, les théories clés en sociobiologie ont principalement été élaborées à partir des règles de fonctionnement observées chez les espèces eusociales, au détriment de la grande majorité des espèces non-eusociales, dont l’étude est cependant une étape indispensable pour une compréhension globale de l’évolution de la socialité. Dans ce contexte, les blattes constituent un modèle de choix, par leur proximité phylogénétique avec des espèces solitaires et des espèces eusociales. Ce travail est consacré à l’analyse de l’organisation et du fonctionnement des groupes sociaux chez une blatte grégaire, Blattella germanica (L.). Grâce à une approche interdisciplinaire faisant appel à l’éthologie, l’écologie comportementale, l’écologie chimique et la modélisation, nous décrivons les principales caractéristiques de la vie sociale chez cette espèce. Nous démontrons une interdépendance des individus envers le groupe au travers d’effets de groupe physiologiques et comportementaux, soulignant ainsi l’importance des relations sociales et de la vie grégaire. Nous identifions également un mécanisme de reconnaissance de parentèle qui régit une grande partie des interactions entre les membres du groupe en fonction du contexte social ou sexuel. Enfin, nous démontrons l’existence de coopération entre les membres du groupe sous forme d’un recrutement alimentaire pour exploiter les ressources du milieu, sous-tendu par une décision collective auto-organisée. Ces résultats démontrent que B. germanica est davantage qu’une simple espèce grégaire, les agrégats constituant des groupes sociaux organisés, sièges de communication et de coopération. L’ensemble de ce travail nous permet de décrire un autre modèle de société d’insectes principalement basé sur les avantages écologiques de la vie en groupe que nous qualifions de « troupe de familles », et laisse envisager d’intéressantes perspectives pour l’étude de l’évolution de la socialité chez les insectes.

Published
2009

144. Behavioral microbiomics:a multi-dimensional approach to microbial influence on behavior

Author

Wong, Adam C.-N., Holmes, Andrew, Ponton, Fleur, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Wilson, Kenneth, Raubenheimer, David, Simpson, Stephen J., Wong, Adam C.-N., Holmes, Andrew, Ponton, Fleur, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Wilson, Kenneth, Raubenheimer, David, and Simpson, Stephen J.

Abstract

The role of microbes as a part of animal systems has historically been an under-appreciated aspect of animal life histories. Recently, evidence has emerged that microbes have wide-ranging influences on animal behavior. Elucidating the complex relationships between host–microbe interactions and behavior requires an expanded ecological perspective, involving the host, the microbiome and the environment; which, in combination, is termed the holobiont. We begin by seeking insights from the literature on host–parasite interactions, then expand to consider networks of interactions between members of the microbial community. A central aspect of the environment is host nutrition. We describe how interactions between the nutrient environment, the metabolic and behavioral responses of the host and the microbiome can be studied using an integrative framework called nutritional geometry, which integrates and maps multiple aspects of the host and microbial response in multidimensional nutrient intake spaces.

Published
2015

145. Collective behaviour under aggregation site disturbance: The case of Periplaneta americana

Author

Deneubourg, Jean-Louis, Sempo, Grégory, Mardulyn, Patrick, de Biseau D'Hauteville, Jean-Christophe, Gautrais, Jacques, Lihoreau, Mathieu, Laurent, Michel-Olivier, Deneubourg, Jean-Louis, Sempo, Grégory, Mardulyn, Patrick, de Biseau D'Hauteville, Jean-Christophe, Gautrais, Jacques, Lihoreau, Mathieu, and Laurent, Michel-Olivier

Abstract

La vie en groupe est très répandue dans le monde animal. Ces agrégats peuvent être divers. Certains ne se forment que pendant les phases de repos des individus, d’autres sont maintenus pendant tout leur cycle de vie. De très nombreuses études ont porté sur les avantages et désavantages de la vie en groupe vis-à-vis des attaques des prédateurs. Parmi les coûts identifiés il y a notamment le fait qu’un groupe peut attirer plus facilement des prédateurs, parmi les bénéfices, citons l’augmentation du nombre d’individus qui peuvent détecter une menace et dès la probabilité d’une fuite efficace ou l’effet de dilution. Dans ce cas, la probabilité de se faire capturer lors d’une attaque diminue avec la taille du groupe. Mais dans ces exemples, c’est l’agrégat lui-même qui attire les prédateurs et est dès lors à l’origine des perturbations auxquelles il va être soumis. Il y a cependant d’autres perturbations qui peuvent affecter les agrégats entiers sans que ceux-ci en soient à l’origine. Ces perturbations peuvent être d’origine humaine comme l’urbanisation. Elles sont caractérisées par leur capacité à rendre par exemple un site d’agrégation moins attirant ou même inutilisable. Un exemple classique est celui d’un arbre qui est habituellement utilisé chaque soir par une bande d’oiseux et qui devient moins attirant suite aux bruits et lumières d’origine anthropique. Dans notre étude nous nous intéressons à ce type de perturbations et comment celles-ci affectent le comportement collectif, à court et long terme, d’agrégation. Le modèle retenu est la blatte américaine, Periplaneta americana, dont le site de repos (l’abri) est perturbé avec de la lumière lors de la phase de repos.Sur des temps courts (<10 min), nous avons étudié comment la taille des agrégats influence la fuite collective. Nous avons mis en évidence des phénomènes d’amplification et d’inhibition de la fuite. La probabilité de fuir augmente avec le nombre d’individus fuyant et diminue avec le nombre d’individus agr, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Published
2015

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