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With the rise of genomics, taxonomic identification practices have progressed towards the use of culture-independent methodologies, such as metagenomics. Nevertheless, it has recently been shown that the use of culture-dependent procedures not only helps discriminate and describe the microorganisms present but they are in fact invaluable as they grant information unobtainable otherwise. Furthermore, the combined use of both methodologies provides synergistic gains compared to the results obtained separately. Considering that these insights are still mostly unexploited in regard of fungal diversity, we present an evaluation of a culturomics-based approach to the study of the mycological biodiversity present in the outer layer of a semi-hard goat cheese with visible mould contamination. We have staged a two- pronged setup by metagenomics-based assessment of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region contents, and a culture-based evaluation through Sanger sequencing of the same region of a subset of the total fungal strains isolated in four culture media. We have obtained eight unique representative OTUs out of 177 isolates in the culture approach, whilst with metagenomics, out of nine ASVs obtained from bioinformatic sample treatment using Q2- ITSxpress, we have obtained five representative OTUs. Combining both results, a total 13 OTUs were identified, two being exclusive to metagenomics, three common to both methods, and five exclusive to the culture approach. Our results demonstrate that a combination of both methodologies provides better results in terms of total OTUs classified in comparison to each approach individually. Moreover, the culture-based approach provided a greater number of OTUs comparatively, as well as the number of unique OTUs phylogenetically classified., This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, of LABBELS Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechnaical Systems (LA/P/0029/2020), and of MIRRI-PT (Pólo Norte) project (PINFRA04/84445/2020) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Microbial Culture Collections (CCs) are biobanks that preserve and provide microorganisms to the user communities. In the Portuguese landscape, CCs differ considerably regarding size, taxonomic target group, level of organization and implemented quality management systems. Since 2017, the CCs have been working together in the Portuguese microbiological Resource Centre Network (Pt-mBRCN), which was recognised as the Portuguese MIRRI node of the ESFRI Landmark MIRRI in June 2020, to promote a common voice, share experience and foster cooperation. As part of its operation, Pt-mBRCN/MIRRI- PT aims to guarantee the quality of its microbial holdings and associated data, and to implement common procedures and quality management systems to mitigate the current resource/data fragmentation microbial resources. To accomplish these objectives, a strong investment in dedicated human resources and cutting edges technologies is required, which can be partly achieved through competitive funding, such as MIRRI-PT-Polo Norte project. An example of activities within Pt-mBRCN is the collaboration between Micoteca da Universidade do Minho (MUM) and Azorean Regional Veterinary Laboratory Micoteca (LRV-Micoteca). This is providing conditions to accelerate LRV-Micoteca strains requalification process and catalogue improvement, allowing a faster development and establishment of this emerging CC, paving the future to implement ISO 17025 accreditation system., This work was supported by the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, under the Grant Agreement no 871129. This publication reflects only the authors view and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains., This study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, and by LABBELS Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechnaical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020, and of MIRRI-PT (Pólo Norte) project (PINFRA04/84445/2020) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

En el contexto de un Proyecto Local de INTA (PL328), un Proyecto disciplinario de INTA (I081) y un Convenio de Asistencia Técnica con la Fundación Maní Argentino, se trabajó articulando extensión e investigación para generar información útil, con la finalidad de fortalecer una economía regional clave para la provincia de Córdoba, como es la del maní, con el objetivo de mitigar el impacto de la enfermedad del carbón, causada por Thecaphora frezii. Instituto de Patología Vegetal Fil: Bernanrdi Lima, Nelson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina Fil: Bernanrdi Lima, Nelson. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Alcala, R. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación CIAP; Argentina Fil: Brandimarte, Maria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Monetti, Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia De Extensión Rural General Cabrera; Argentina Fil: Toledo, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural Río Cuarto; Argentina Fil: Canale, Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural Río Cuarto; Argentina Fil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina Fil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Pérez, I.A. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación CIAP; Argentina Fil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP); Argentina Fil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC). Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria (FAV); Argentina Fil: Margonari, Vanina Magdalena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia De Extensión Rural Jesús María; Argentina Fil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina

Available online 13 October 2022, Bacteria and filamentous fungi (ff) are commonly encountered in biofilms developed in drinking water (DW) distribution systems (DWDS). Despite their intimate ecological relationships, researchers tend to study bacteria and ff separately. This work assesses the impact of bacteria-ff association in biofilm formation and tolerance to chlorination. One strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from DW was used as a model bacterium. Penicillium brevicompactum and P. expansum isolated from DW were the ff selected. Single species and inter-kingdom adhesion and biofilm formation occurred under two shear stress () conditions (0.05 and 1.6 Pa). The sessile structures were further characterized in terms of biomass production, respiratory activity and structure. The results showed that 1.6 Pa of shear stress and A. calcoaceticus-ff association favoured biofilm production. Inter-kingdom biofilms produced more biomass than A. calcoaceticus single species and reduced A. calcoaceticus susceptibility to disinfection, particularly to high sodium hypochlorite (SHC) concentrations. In addition, P. brevicompactum formed single species biofilms highly resistant to removal and inactivation by SHC. The presence of P. brevicompactum or P. expansum in inter-kingdom biofilms significantly decreased SHC removal and inactivation effects in comparison to the bacterial biofilms alone, proposing that using bacteria to form biofilms representative of DWDS can provide inaccurate conclusions, particularly in terms of biofilm production and susceptibility to disinfection., This work was financially supported by LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE) - funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); Projects Germirrad - POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072237; PRESAGE - Aquatic/0007/2020, funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizaçao ˜ (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES; Project “HealthyWaters – Identification, Elimination, Social Awareness and Education of Water Chemical and Biological Micropollutants with Health and Environmental Implications”, with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000069, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This study was further supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and by LABBELS – Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechnaical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The demand for functional ingredients (such as prebiotics) has risen as an effect of increasing health consciousness. Amongst them, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) shows prebiotic effect at lower doses, in contrast with fructooligosaccharides (FOS), isooligosaccharides (IOS) or galactooligosaccharides (GOS). We have developed a process for obtaining XOS from wheat straw applying an alkali pre-treatment to the raw material followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with xylanases. Using thermophilic xylanases, the arabinoxylan extraction from the solid wheat straw was increased significantly compared to mesophilic counterparts. However, a neutralization (and washing) step of the pre-treated wheat straw was still needed before the enzymatic treatment. Therefore, finding thermophilic and alkaliphilic endo-xylanases would offer a substantial advantage for the overall optimization of XOS production. In order to increase the possibilities of finding endo-xylanases and beta-xylosidases in thermophilic and alkaliphilic environments able to act on wheat straw xylan, we carried out an enriched culture using wheat straw as inoculum and the sole C source and sterile Tinteiro thermal spring waters (Ourense) as solvent and source of mineral micronutrients. Tinteiro thermal waters are characterized by a high pH (8.6), moderate temperature (50 oC) and a high content in sulfur and carbonate compounds. Samples were taken periodically from the culture medium and were grown in xylan- agar plates. Positives strains were visualized with Congo-red stain and identified by 16S gene sequencing. Their full-length 16S genes were amplified and sequenced. We have obtained two promising candidates strains. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences exhibited similarity to genus Paenibacillus and Neobacillus. From the Paenibacillus strain, identified as P. barengoltzii, produces different lignocellulose degrading enzymes have been described. The Neobacillus strain was related to N. thermocopriae and N. sedimentimangrovi and presents highly promising enzymes. Endo-xylanase highlights for its ability to work at pH 7-10, with maximal activity at 10. Also, beta-xylosidase was detected which presumably shares alkaliphilic characteristics. Higher characterization of the enzymes should be performed prior to industrial XOS production. In conclusion, a microorganism characterized as Neobacillus sp. that produces endo-xylanases with extremophile characteristics was isolated from a non-extremophile environment incubating the inoculum at the desired conditions of the final application., Work supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-099249-B-I00) and Iacobus program 2020/2021, Xunta de Galicia, Spain (CITACA Strategic Partnership, Reference: ED431E 2018/07). Clara Fuciños is financed as Distinguished Researcher by the University of Vigo (Programa de Retención de Talento 2020). It was partially supported by FCT - UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Inonotus micantissimus (Rick) Rajchemb. Nordic Journal of Botany 7 (5): 565 (Rajchenberg 1987). Phellinus macrosporus Gibertoni & Ryvarden, Synopsis Fungorum 18: 51 (2004). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Argentina, Missiones, Iguazu National Park, III.1982, L. Ryvarden (O[O919343]) — Brazil. Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de Pedra Talhada, on dead wood, 09°15’29.0”S, 36°25’52.0”W, 614 m, 3.VII.2017, V. Xavier de Lima PPT6, (URM[URM90186]); 3.VI.2017, V. Xavier de Lima PPT132, (URM[URM91180]); Bahia State, Salvador, on Nectandra sp., III.1944, J. Rick, (PACA-Fungi[20691, holo-]); Pernambuco State, Recife, Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, XI.2001, Phellinus macrosporus (URM[URM77582, holo-]); Rio Grande do Sul State, Santa Maria, Cerrito, VI.1984, G. Coelho (O[O919342]); Parque Pinhal, VI.1992, G. Coelho (O[O919346]); Santa Maria, IX.1995, G. Coelho (O[O919344]); São Paulo State, Cananéia, llha do Cardoso, II.1987, D. Pegler, K. Hjortstam & L. Ryvarden (O[O910345; O919341]); Costa Rica, Puntaneras, La Amistad Pacifico, Estación Biológica Las Tablas, Finca Cafrosa, IX.2000, L. Ryvarden (O[O506129]); Dominican Republic, Cordillera Central, La Veja, Rreserva Científica Ebano Verde, II.1998, P. Perdomo (O[O906277]); United States of America, Virgin Islands, St. John Island, IX.2004, C. Vlaskova (O[O919340]); Florida, Miami, Mathesons Hammock, VIII.2010, J. Vlasák (O[O505347]). REMARKS The recently collected specimens(URM90186 and URM91180) are identical to the holotype of I. micantissimus (Fig. 3 A-D). The large tramal setae (Fig. 3B) and large subglobose basidiospores (Fig. 3D) make this a very distinctive species in Hymenochaetaceae. The type of P. macrosporus was also analyzed, and our observations agree with Gibertoni et al. (2004). The species is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata, 7-8 pores/mm, presence of tramal and hymenial setae, globose, hyaline basidiospores, 6.2-12.4 Μm in diam. Basidiospores are very similar in both types, being slightly larger in I. micantissimus. The current basidiospore measures from the type of I. micantissimus (10-13 × 8-10) were slightly different from those reported by previous works (Rajchenberg 1987; Ryvarden 2004: 10-13 × 8-12 Μm). Basidiospore size and color seem to be a weak taxonomic character to distinguish these two species from each other, since their size overlap and the differences in the L (1.83 Μm) and W (2.59 Μm) averages among the species are in the range of the basidiospore variation within each species. Additionally, basidiospore color varies even in the same specimen. Thus, the synonymization of P. macrosporus to I. micantissimus is proposed., Published as part of X, Vitor, Lima, avier de, T, Virton Rodrigo, Oliveira, argino de, C, Nelson, Lima-Júnior, orreia de, C., José Ribamar, Oliveira-Filho, Santos, Carla, Lima, Nelson & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2022, Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s. l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/7828806, {"references":["RAJCHENBERG M. 1987. - Type studies of Polyporaceae (Aphyllophorales) described by J. Rick. Nordic Journal of Botany 7: 553 - 568.","GIBERTONI T. B., RYVARDEN L. & CAVALCANTI M. A. Q. - 2004. Studies in neotropical polypores 18 New species from Brazil. Synopsis Fungorum 18: 44 - 56.","RYVARDEN L. 2004. - Neotropical polypores Part 1. Introduction, Ganodermataceae & Hymenochaetaceae. Synopsis Fungorum 19. Fungiflora, Oslo, 228 p."]}

KEY TO THE NEOTROPICAL SPECIES OF TROPICOPORUS 1. Basidioma resupinate................................................................................................................................... 2 — Basidioma pileate........................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Basidioma, thick, stratified; pores 5-7/mm; basidiospores 4-5 Μm long....................................................................................................................................................................... T. stratificans G.Coelho & Yurchenko — Basidioma thin, effused; pores 7-10/mm; basidiospores 3-4 Μm long....................................................................................................................................... T. tropicalis (M.J.Larsen & Lombard) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai 3. Hymenial setae absent.............................. T. nullisetus Xavier de Lima, V.R.T. Oliveira & Gibertoni, sp. nov. — Hymenial setae present, scanty to abundant................................................................................................ 4 4. Biding-like hyphae present in the context and tube trama........................................................................... 5 — Biding-like hyphae absent........................................................................................................................... 6 5. Basidiospores 4-5 Μm long; pores 5-7/mm.................... T. dependens (Murrill) L.W.Zhou, Y.C.Dai & Vlasák — Basidiospores 6-7 Μm long; pores 2-3/mm..................................................................................................................................................................... T. sideroxylicola (Vlasák & Y.C.Dai) L.W.Zhou, Y.C.Dai & Vlasák 6. Pores 7-9/mm; setae 10-25 Μm long............................................................................................................ 7 — Pores ≤ 7/mm; setae 16-43 Μm long, mostly> 20 Μm long.......................................................................... 8 7. Basidiomata up to 4 cm thick at base, forming a dark crust on the pileus................................................................................................................................................... T. guanacastensis L.W. Zhou, Y.C. Dai & Vlasák — Basidiomata thin, up to 0.9 cm thick at base, not forming a dark crust....................................................................................... T. flabellatus V.R.T. Oliveira, J.R.C. Oliveira-Filho, Xavier de Lima & Gibertoni, sp. nov. 8. In seasonally dry subtropical forest; on Cordia americana................ T. drechsleri Salvador-Montoya & Popoff — Tropical and subtropical; host various.......................................................................................................... 9 9. Pores 4-5/mm...................................... T. pseudolinteus (Vlasák & Y.C. Dai) L.W. Zhou, Y.C. Dai & Vlasák — Pores 5-7/mm........................................................................................................................................... 10 10. Black line absent in the context; setae 27-43 long........................................................................................................................................................... T. cubensis (Y.C.Dai, Decock & L.W.Zhou) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai — Black line present in the context; setae 22-30 long..... T. linteus (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai

KEY TO INONOTUS S.L. 1. Hyphal system monomitic throughout; setal hyphae present or absent................................... Inonotus P.Karst. — Hyphal system dimitic in the tube; setal hyphae absent................................................................................. 2 2. Context and tube trama dimitic; hymenial setae strongly ventricose and dark; dark line present, soon exposed as a dark crust............................................................................................ Sclerotus Xavier de Lima, gen. nov. — Context mono-dimitic; tube trama dimitic; dark line in the context present or absent, if present, bellow the mat/tomentum; hymeniael setae variable, rarely absent....................................... Sanghuangporus / Tropicoporus KEY TO INONOTUS IN BRAZIL 1. Any kind of setae absent.............................................................................................................................. 2 — Setae present in hymenium or/and in tube trama........................................................................................ 8 2. Resupinate species....................................................................................................................................... 3 — Pileate species.............................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Pores 3-4/mm........................................................................................................... I. venezuelicus Ryvarden — Pores 7-8/mm........................................................................................................... I. costaricensis Ryvarden 4. Pores 7-8/mm........................................................................................ I. luteoumbrinus (Romell) Ryvarden — Pores 1-6/mm............................................................................................................................................. 5 5. Pores irregular, 1-3/mm................................................................................. I. dentatus Decock & Ryvarden — Pores regular, round to angular.................................................................................................................... 6 6. Basidiospores 7-8 x 6-7 Μm........................................................................................ I. neotropicus Ryvarden — Basidiospores up to 6 Μm in longest dimension........................................................................................... 7 7. Pore surface yellow to rusty brown; basidiospores hyaline to pale yellow........ I. splitgerberi (Mont.) Ryvarden — Pore surface dull purplish brown; basidiospores rusty brown............................................. I. porrectus Murrill 8. Tramal setae present; hymenial absent or present......................................................................................... 9 — Tramal setae absent; hymenial present....................................................................................................... 19 9. Hymenial setae absent............................................................................................................................... 10 — Hymenial setae present.............................................................................................................................. 13 10. Pores 3-4/mm.................................................................................................. I. patouillardii (Rick) Imazeki — Pores 7-10/mm......................................................................................................................................... 11 11. Tramal setae 6-8 Μm wide......................... I. parvisetus V.R.T. Oliveira, Xavier de Lima & Gibertoni, sp. nov. — Tramal setae wider, up to 35 Μm................................................................................................................ 12 12. Basidioma applanate to slightly convex, brown...................................... I. amazonicus Gibertoni & Ryvarden — Basidioma trequitreous, yellowish................................................... I. brasiliensis Xavier de Lima & Ryvarden 13. Pileate species............................................................................................................................................ 14 — Resupinate species..................................................................................................................................... 17 14. Tramal setae branched........................................................................................ I. cuticularis (Bull.) P. Karst. — Tramal setae unbranched........................................................................................................................... 15 15. Pores 8-10/mm........................................................................ I. portoricensis (Overh.) Baltazar & Gibertoni — Pores 2-6/mm........................................................................................................................................... 16 16. Pores 2-3/mm; basidiospores 6-8.5 Μm long...................................................................... I. rickii (Pat.) Reid — Pores 4-6/mm; basidiospores 5-6 Μm long......................................................... I. pseudoglomeratus Ryvarden 17. Basidiospores 7-8 Μm long.............................................................................................. I. adnatus Ryvarden — Basidiospores 8.5-13 Μm long................................................................................................................... 18 18. Basidiospores 8.5-11.5 Μm long, hymenial setae 33-45 Μm long............. I. multisetifer Abrahão & Gugliotta — Basidiospores 10-13 Μm long, hymenial setae 20-32 Μm long................... I. micantissimus (Rick) Rajchemb. 19. Hymenial setae hooked............................................................................................................................. 20 — Hymenial setae straight............................................................................................................................. 21 20. Pileus surface strigose; setae 30-55 Μm long.................................................................. I. fulvomelleus Murrill — Pileus surface tomentose to glabrous; setae 14-35 Μm long............................... I. radiatus (Sowerby) P. Karst. 21. Pileus surface adpressed velutinate; pore surface rusty brown....................... I. pseudoradiatus (Pat.) Ryvarden — Pileus surface scrupose; pore surface yellow.............................................................. I. xanthoporus Ryvarden

Tropicoporus nullisetus Xavier de Lima, V.R.T. Oliveira & Gibertoni, sp. nov. This species is characterized by the pileate basidioma, 4-5 pores/ mm, lack setae, and basidiospores 5-5.5 Μm long. MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 834098. HOLOTYPE. — Brazil. Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de Pedra Talhada, on dead wood, 9°15’00.7”S, 36°25’38.3”W, 758m, 12.X.2018, V. Xavier de Lima, (URM [URM94073]). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Brazil, Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de Pedra Talhada, on dead wood, 09°15’29.0”S, W 36°25’52.0”W, 614 m, 18.VII.2018, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM [URM 94074]); 09°15’32.6”S, 36°25’12.6”W, 590 m, 02.II.2019, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM [URM 94075]). ETYMOLOGY. — From “ nullum ” (Latin) meaning “absent”. Referring to the lack of setae. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Tropical, ombrophilous broadleaf forest. DESCRIPTION Basidioma (Fig.8 A-B)perennial,pileate,sessile, broadly attached, solitary to imbricate,applanate to triquetrous in section (Fig.8C), 3.5-10.5 cm wide, 3.5-7.0 cm long, 2.0- 3.5 cm thick at the base, woody hard and light. Pileus surface firstly velutinate, yellowish-brown, but soon forming a hard, darker to black crust of agglutinated hyphae, concentrically sulcated, cracking radially in older parts. Margin obtuse to acute, entire, where tomentum may be persistent, yellowish-brown. Pore surface dark golden brown, glancing, with a sterile zone at the pileus margin, up to 3 mm wide, pores round, (3-)4-5/mm (Fig.8D). Context 0.7-1.2 cm thick at the base, azonate, duplex, with a black line near the pilear surface dividing the upper tomentum, from the lower golden-brown context.Tubes concolorous with the lower context, indistinctly stratified (up to five layers in the holotype), new tubes slightly brighter than older ones, old tubes filled with golden brown mycelia. All structures turning immediately black in KOH 3%, dark reddish when drying out. Hyphal system in the context monomitic, generative hyphae simple and mostly regularly septate, sparingly branched, yellow, golden yellow in water and rusty brown in KOH, mostly thick-walled with wide to narrow lumen, rarely hyaline and thin-walled, 2.5-5.5 Μm in diameter, wall up to 1.5 Μm thick; black line composed by darker, densely agglutinated hyphae. Below the line, hyphae grow downwards until it differentiates +into the tube trama, and above the line, hyphae concolorous or slightly darker, growing upwards composing the tomentum, or agglutinated, forming a dark crust in older parts; tomentum hyphae straight, thick-walled but with a wide lumen, yellow to dark yellow in water, rusty brown in 3% KOH, 2-5 Μm diameter, septate, ends obtuse or clavate, mostly broken. Tube trama dimitic, generative hyphae yellow, thin to slightly thick-walled, 2.5-3 Μm in diameter, skeletal hyphae (Fig. 8E) growing perpendicular to the pilear surface, golden yellow (in water) to brownish-yellow (in 3% KOH), thick-walled with a narrow lumen, wall up to 2 Μm thinning out towards the apex, unbranched, 3.5-4.5 Μm in diameter. Cystidioles frequent, lageniform with a narrow and long or shorter and round apex, or cylindrical with an obtuse or acuminating tip, 14-18 × 5-8 Μm (Fig. 8G). Basidia not observed. Basidiospores ellipsoid with a flattened side, 5-5.5 × 4-4.5 Μm (Q = 1.11-1.37), thick-walled, smooth, pale yellow (in water) and golden yellow to dark rusty brown (in 3% KOH), color variation can be observed in the same basidioma, CB-, IKI- (Fig. 8F, H). REMARKS Except for the absence of hymenial setae, this species is morphologically very similar to other neotropical Tropicoporus with pileate basidiomata. However, T. dependens and T. sideroxycola (Vlasák & Y.C. Dai) L.W. Zhou, Y.C. Dai & Vlasák have binding-like hyphae (Zhou et al. 2016); T. guanacastensis has smaller pores (7-8/mm) (Zhou et al. 2016); T. cubensis (Y.C.Dai, Decock & L.W. Zhou) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai have slightly smaller pores (5-6/mm) and basidiospores (4-5 × 3-4 Μm); and T. drechsleri Salvador-Montoya & Popoff seems restricted to Cordia americana (L.) Gottshling & J.E. Mill. (Salvador-Montoya et al. 2018). In the holotype, cystidioles are abundant, but hard to observe in the other analyzed specimens., Published as part of X, Vitor, Lima, avier de, T, Virton Rodrigo, Oliveira, argino de, C, Nelson, Lima-Júnior, orreia de, C., José Ribamar, Oliveira-Filho, Santos, Carla, Lima, Nelson & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2022, Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s. l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1) on pages 12-16, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/7828806, {"references":["SALVADOR- MONTOYA C. A., COSTA- REZENDE D. H., FERREIRA- LOPES V., BORBA- SILVA M. A. & POPOFF O. F. 2018. - Tropicoporus drechsleri (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota), a new species in the \" Inonotus linteus \" complex from northern Argentina. Phytotaxa 338 (1): 75 - 89. https: // doi: 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 338.1.6."]}

Tropicoporus tropicalis (M.J.Larsen & Lombard) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai Fungal Diversity 77: 345 (2015) SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Brazil, Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de PedraTalhada, on dead wood, 09°15’23.0”S, 36°24’47.0”W, 542 m, 14.V.2019, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM[URM93800]); 09°15’23.0”S, 36°24’47.0”W, 542 m, 14.V.2019, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM[URM94055]); S 09°15’29.0” and W 36°25’52.0”, 614 m, 14.VII.2019, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM[URM93777]); 09°15’21.0”S, 36°24’47.0”W, 534 m, 14.VII.2019, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM[URM93753]); 9°15’00.7”S, 36°25’38.3”W, 758m, 19.IX.2018, V. Xavier de Lima, (URM[URM94078]). Amapá State, Porto Grande, FLONA de Amapá, 01°23’07’N, 51°39’28”W, 158 m, II.2014, A. M. Soares, (URM[URM89677]). Bahia State, Itamarajú, PARNAH do Monte Pascoal, on dead wood, 16°53’33.8”S, 39°24’37.8”W, 408 m, 25.V.2019, R. L. M. Alvarenga, (URM[URM94070]); 16°53’33.8”S, 39°24’37.8”W, 408 m, 26.V.2019, R. L. M. Alvarenga, (URM[URM94071]); 16°53’33.8”S, 39°24’37.8”W, 408 m, 08.VIII.2018, V. Xavier de Lima, (URM[URM94069]); Pernambuco State, Olinda, 7º Grupo de Artilharia de Campanha (GAC), on dead wood, 08°00’05”S, 34°51’51”W, 16.VI.2018, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM[URM[94077]). REMARKS The most commonly found species of genus in the studied areas (Fig. 9 A-D). The abundance of setae is highly variable among specimens, and often it is necessary to observe more than one microscopical preparation to detect their presence. The small pores (7-10/mm) and basidiospores (3-3.5 × 2-2.5 Μm), and the presence of setae in the dissepiments or immersed in the trama distinguish this species from other resupinate poroid Hymenochaetaceae in the region., Published as part of X, Vitor, Lima, avier de, T, Virton Rodrigo, Oliveira, argino de, C, Nelson, Lima-Júnior, orreia de, C., José Ribamar, Oliveira-Filho, Santos, Carla, Lima, Nelson & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2022, Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s. l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/7828806

Tropicoporus flabellatus V.R.T. Oliveira, J.R.C. Oliveira-Filho, Xavier de Lima & Gibertoni, sp. nov. This species is characterized by the thin flabelliform basidioma, presence of hymenial setae, pores 7-9/mm and basidiospores 4.5-5 Μm long. MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 837432. HOLOTYPE. — Brazil, Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de Pedra Talhada, on dead wood, 9°15’00.7”S, 36°25’38.3”W, 758m, 25.VII.2019 V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM [URM94338]). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Brazil, Pernambuco State, Recife, Recife’s Botanical Garden, on dead wood, 17. VI.2016, J. R. C. Oliveira-Filho, as Inonotus cf. pseudoradiatus (URM [JB 7]) ETYMOLOGY. — “ Flabellum ” (Latin) meaning “small fan”. Referring to shape of the basidioma. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Tropical, ombrophilous broadleaf forest. DESCRIPTION Basidioma (Fig. 6A) perennial, pileate, sessile, dimidiate, solitary to imbricate, applanate to slightly convex in section (Fig. 6B), 2.9-3.5 cm wide, 2.1-2.8 cm long, 0.5-0.9 cm thick at the base, hard, twisting when dry. Pileus surface radially folded, often with projections; initially velutinate, but soon wearing in narrow black and brown concentric zones. Margin acute. Pore surface (Fig. 6C) dark brown to brownish-yellow near the margin, pores round, 7-9/mm; margin sterile, brownish-yellow. Context 0.3-0.5 cm thick at the base, golden-brown, duplex, with a thin black line near the pilear surface.Tubes golden-brown, slightly darker than the context, indistinctly stratified (up to three layers in the holotype), old tubes filled with concolorous mycelia. Context and tubes turning immediately purplish-black in contact with KOH 3%, drying out remaining as a dark spot. Hyphal system in the context monomitic, generative hyphae simple and mostly regularly septate, sparingly branched, hyaline, yellow, golden yellow in water and rusty brown in KOH, mostly thick-walled with wide to narrow lumen, rarely hyaline and thin-walled, 3-5.5 Μm in diameter, wall up to 1.5 Μm thick; black line is composed by dark reddish-brown, more densely agglutinated and intertwined hyphae (Fig. 6H); below the line, hyphae grow parallel to the pilear surface, near the tube they grow downwards to form the tube trama, and above the line, hyphae concolorous or slightly darker, growing upwards to compose the tomentum. Tomentum hyphae straight, thick-walled with a wide lumen, yellow to dark yellow in water, rusty brown in KOH 3%, 3-5.5 Μm diameter, richly septate, ends obtuse or clavate, mostly broken (Fig. 6I). Tube trama dimitic, hyphae growing straight, perpendicular to the pilear surface, generative hyphae hyaline to yellow, thin to slightly thick-walled, 2.5-4 Μm in diameter, skeletal hyphae (Fig. 6G) golden yellow in water, brownish-yellow in 3% KOH, thick-walled with a narrow lumen, wall up to 2 Μm thinning out towards the apex, unbranched, 3.5-4.5 Μm in diameter. Hymenial setae (Fig. 6D) rare in the holotype, 10-20 × 6-8.5 Μm brownish yellow in water, dark rusty-brown in KOH 3%, originating in the trama, near pore mouths, projecting inside the tube or immersed in the trama. Cystidiole not observed. Basidia tetrasterigmate, subglobose, 7-9 × 5-6 Μm. Basidiospores (Fig. 6E) ellipsoid with a flattened side, 4.5-5 × 3.5-4 Μm (Q = 1.12-1.42), thick-walled, smooth, pale yellow in water and golden yellow in 3% KOH, CB-, IKI-. REMARKS The thin and small basidiomata, and the small pores characterize this species. Although perennial, the formation of a dark crust was not observed in older parts of the pileus surface. The other known neotropical pileate Tropicoporus with small pores is T. guanacastensis (7-8/mm, Zhou et al. 2016). However, T. guanacastensis produce harder and thicker basidiomata, and a crust in the upper surface that cracks with age. Although pileate, T. flabellatus V.R.T. Oliveira, J.R.C. Oliveira-Filho, Xavier de Lima & Gibertoni, sp. nov. is placed within the T. tropicalis clade, which is composed by resupinate species, making it readily distinguishable from this species

Sclerotus extensus (Lév.) Xavier de Lima, comb. nov. Polyporus extensus Lév. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 5: 129 (1846). MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 833802. EXAMINED SPECIMENS. — Brazil, Amapá State, Porto Grande, National Forest of Amapá, X.2014, A.M. Soares, (URM[URM89663]), as Phellinus extensus (Lév.) Pat.; II.2014, A. M. Soares, (URM[URM89390]), as Fomitiporia punctata (Pilát) Murrill; II.2014, A. M. Soares, (URM[URM87072]), as Phellinus extensus (Lév.) Pat.; X.2014, A. M. Soares, (URM[URM89538]), as Inonotus calcitratus (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni. Pará State, Portel, National Forest of Caxiaunã, VIII.2013, A. M. Soares, (URM[URM87073]). Pernambuco State, Igarassu, Ecological Refuge Charles Darwin, IX.2000, T. B. Gibertoni, (URM[URM77595]), as Phellinus extensus. — France, Guadeloupe, Duchassaing, as Fomes extensus Lév., (URM[URM6750])., Published as part of X, Vitor, Lima, avier de, T, Virton Rodrigo, Oliveira, argino de, C, Nelson, Lima-Júnior, orreia de, C., José Ribamar, Oliveira-Filho, Santos, Carla, Lima, Nelson & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2022, Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s. l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/7828806

Tropicoporus stratificans G.Coelho & Yurchenko Phytotaxa 245 (2): 147 (2016). SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Brazil, Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de PedraTalhada, on dead wood, 09°14’57.7”S, 36°25’39.7”W, 724 m, 14.VII.2019, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM[URM94063]). REMARKS The specimens from Northeast (URM94063) (Fig. 9 E-H) and Southern Brazil (SMDB14731 and SMDB14732) clustered with good support in the ITS tree (PP = 1, bootstrap = 93%). Our collection differs from the original description and holotype illustrations mostly by the somewhat lanceolate setae (however dimensions are identical), and the presence of abundant rhomboid crystals immersed in the tube trama. The stratified basidioma, tendency to form elongated pores in vertical parts and the velutinate margin make T. stratificans a distinct species in the region., Published as part of X, Vitor, Lima, avier de, T, Virton Rodrigo, Oliveira, argino de, C, Nelson, Lima-Júnior, orreia de, C., José Ribamar, Oliveira-Filho, Santos, Carla, Lima, Nelson & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2022, Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s. l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/7828806

Inonotus parvisetus V.R.T. Oliveira, Xavier de Lima & Gibertoni, sp. nov. This species is characterized by the pileate basidioma, narrow tramal setae, absence of hymenial setae, pores 6-8/mm and basidiospores 4.5-5 Μm long. MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 837431. HOLOTYPE. — Brazil. Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de Pedra Talhada, on dead wood, 09°15’27.0”S, 36°24’44.0”W, 515 m, 19.VII.2018, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM [URM94334]). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Brazil. Alagoas State, Quebrangulo City, REBIO de Pedra Talhada, on dead wood, 09°15’27.0”S, 36°24’44.0”W, 515m, 14. V.2019, V. R. T. Oliveira, (URM [94335]). ETYMOLOGY. — From parvus (Latin) meaning “small”. Referring to the smaller tramal setae in comparison to similar species of the genus. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Tropical, ombrophilous broadleaf forest. DESCRIPTION Basidioma perennial, pileate (Fig. 4 A-B), sessile, broadly attached to dimidiate, solitary to imbricate, convex to triquetrous in section, 2.3-6.7 cm wide, 2.1-4 cm long, 1.1- 2.7 cm thick at the base, hard, light. Pileus surface firstly tomentose, yellowish-brown, but forming a hard, darker to black crust of agglutinated hyphae with age, concentrically sulcated, cracking radially in older parts. Margin obtuse. Pore surface (Fig. 4C) dark brown, pores round, 6-8/mm; margin sterile, yellow to brownish-yellow. Context golden-brown, duplex, with a thin black line near the pilear surface. Tubes concolorous with the context, tube layers (up to four layers in the holotype) separated by a thin layer of context, old tubes filled with concolorous to whitish mycelia. Context and tubes turning black in KOH 3%, drying out as dark spot. Hyphal system in the context monomitic, generative hyphae simple and mostly regularly septate, sparingly branched, hyaline, yellow, golden yellow in water and rusty brown in KOH, mostly thick-walled with wide to narrow lumen, rarely hyaline and thin-walled, 3-5.5 Μm in diameter; black line (Fig. 4D) composed by dark reddish-brown, more densely agglutinated and intertwined hyphae; below the line, hyphae grow parallel to the pilear surface, near the tube they grow downwards to form the tube trama, and above the line, hyphae concolorous or slightly darker, growing upwards to compose the tomentum. Tomentum dense, hyphae straight, thick-walled with a wide lumen, yellow to dark yellow in water, rusty brown in KOH 3%, 3.4-5.5 Μm diameter, ends obtuse, mostly broken and agglutinated in older parts of the pileus. Tube trama monomitic, hyphae grown straight perpendicular to the pilear surface, generative hyphae hyaline to yellow, thin to slightly thick-walled, 2.5-4 Μm in diameter. Tramal setae (Fig. 4E) abundant to rare in the holotype, brownish yellow in water, dark rusty-brown in KOH 3%, more frequent near pore mouths, often protruding out of dissepiment, 45-80 × 6-8.5 Μm. Basidia not observed. Basidiospores (Fig. 4F) subglobose, 4-5.5 × 4-5 Μm (Q = 1-1.1), thick-walled, smooth, pale yellow in water and golden yellow to rusty brown in 3% KOH, CB-, IKI-. REMARKS Macroscopically, this species is very similar to other pileate species of Inonotus s.l. found in the region. However, the presence of monomitic tube trama, tramal setae and subglobose basidiospores readily places this species in Inonotus s.s. Regarding species recorded in Brazil, it is similar to I. amazonicus Gibertoni & Ryvarden, I. brasiliensis Xavier de Lima & Ryvarden and I. patouillardii (Rick) Imazeki by the presence of tramal setae and absence of hymenial setae. Inonotus amazonicus has wider tramal setae (10-35 Μm); I. brasiliensis is annual, pileus surface yellowish and has larger tramal setae (up to 120 × 15); I. patouillardii has wider pores (3-4/mm) and is usually recorded as parasitic (Gottlieb et al. 2002).

X, Vitor, Lima, avier de, T, Virton Rodrigo, Oliveira, argino de, C, Nelson, Lima-Júnior, orreia de, C., José Ribamar, Oliveira-Filho, Santos, Carla, Lima, Nelson, Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista (2022): Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1): 1-21, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a1

Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid Kew Bulletin 12 (1): 141 (1957). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Brazil. Pernambuco State, Recife City, on living Clitoria fairchildiana (Fabaceae), 8°3’11.91”S, 34°53’2.53”W, 4.V.2019, V. R.T. Oliveira, (URM[URM94336]); on living Delinix regia (Fabaceae), 8°2’46.89”S, 34°56’37.40”W, 16.VIII.2019, V.R.T. Oliveira, (URM[URM943377]). REMARKS The specimens analyzed were recorded as parasitic of urban trees. Both specimens were found in the anamorphous stage (Ptychogaster cubensis Pat.) on Fabaceae (Clitoria fairchildiana, native species, and Delonix regia, exotic) (Fig. 3 E-F). In the ITS phylogeny, I. rickii is closely related to I. patouillardii (Fig. 2), the latter being differentiated by minor and questionable morphological features (Gottleib et al., 2002). They may represent the same species, however, sequencing either the type material or material from the type locality is desirable to confirm this hypothesis., Published as part of X, Vitor, Lima, avier de, T, Virton Rodrigo, Oliveira, argino de, C, Nelson, Lima-Júnior, orreia de, C., José Ribamar, Oliveira-Filho, Santos, Carla, Lima, Nelson & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2022, Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s. l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a1, http://zenodo.org/record/7828806