Search

Objective: Peri‐implantitis is one of the most common complications of implants. However, its pathogenesis has not been clarified. In recent years, mouse models are gradually being used in the study of peri‐implantitis. This review aims to summarize the methods used to induce peri‐implantitis in mice and their current applications. Method: Articles of peri‐implantitis mouse models were collected. We analyzed the various methods of inducing peri‐implantitis and their application in different areas. Results: Most researchers have induced peri‐implantitis by silk ligatures. Some others have induced peri‐implantitis by Pg gavage and LPS injection. Current applications of peri‐implantitis mouse models are in the following areas: investigation of pathogenesis and exploration of new interventions, comparison of peri‐implantitis with periodontitis, the interaction between systemic diseases and peri‐implantitis, etc. Conclusion: Silk ligature for 2–4 weeks, Pg gavage for 6 weeks, and LPS injection for 6 weeks all successfully induced peri‐implantitis in mice. Mice have the advantages of mature gene editing technology, low cost, and short time to induce peri‐implantitis. It has applications in the study of pathogenesis, non‐surgical treatments, and interactions with other diseases. However, compared with large animals, mice also have a number of disadvantages that limit their application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Points: Question: What are the benefits and harms of different screening mammography strategies? Findings: Six validated CISNET models found that, compared with no screening, biennial mammography screening with digital breast tomosynthesis from age 40 to 74 yielded a median of 8.2 breast cancer deaths averted per 1000 women screened, equal to a 30% reduction in breast cancer mortality, and 165 life-years gained, 1376 false-positive recalls, 201 benign biopsies, and 14 overdiagnosed cases per 1000 women screened. For each strategy, benefits were larger for Black women than for all women. Meaning: Biennial mammography from ages 40 to 74 years has favorable benefit-to-harm tradeoffs. Importance: The effects of breast cancer incidence changes and advances in screening and treatment on outcomes of different screening strategies are not well known. Objective: To estimate outcomes of various mammography screening strategies. Design, Setting, and Population: Comparison of outcomes using 6 Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models and national data on breast cancer incidence, mammography performance, treatment effects, and other-cause mortality in US women without previous cancer diagnoses. Exposures: Thirty-six screening strategies with varying start ages (40, 45, 50 years) and stop ages (74, 79 years) with digital mammography or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) annually, biennially, or a combination of intervals. Strategies were evaluated for all women and for Black women, assuming 100% screening adherence and "real-world" treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures: Estimated lifetime benefits (breast cancer deaths averted, percent reduction in breast cancer mortality, life-years gained), harms (false-positive recalls, benign biopsies, overdiagnosis), and number of mammograms per 1000 women. Results: Biennial screening with DBT starting at age 40, 45, or 50 years until age 74 years averted a median of 8.2, 7.5, or 6.7 breast cancer deaths per 1000 women screened, respectively, vs no screening. Biennial DBT screening at age 40 to 74 years (vs no screening) was associated with a 30.0% breast cancer mortality reduction, 1376 false-positive recalls, and 14 overdiagnosed cases per 1000 women screened. Digital mammography screening benefits were similar to those for DBT but had more false-positive recalls. Annual screening increased benefits but resulted in more false-positive recalls and overdiagnosed cases. Benefit-to-harm ratios of continuing screening until age 79 years were similar or superior to stopping at age 74. In all strategies, women with higher-than-average breast cancer risk, higher breast density, and lower comorbidity level experienced greater screening benefits than other groups. Annual screening of Black women from age 40 to 49 years with biennial screening thereafter reduced breast cancer mortality disparities while maintaining similar benefit-to-harm trade-offs as for all women. Conclusions: This modeling analysis suggests that biennial mammography screening starting at age 40 years reduces breast cancer mortality and increases life-years gained per mammogram. More intensive screening for women with greater risk of breast cancer diagnosis or death can maintain similar benefit-to-harm trade-offs and reduce mortality disparities. This modeling study uses Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network models and national data on breast cancer incidence, mammography performance, treatment effects, and other-cause mortality in US women without previous cancer diagnoses to estimate outcomes of various mammography screening strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case-control study aimed to analysis of the relationship between individual behaviours and sports risk factors and injuries among skiers and snowboarders. During the 2021–2022 winter season, 1132 injured and 1069 non-injured skiers and snowboarders were surveyed regarding demographic, self-reported individual behavioural and sporting characteristics. Multivariate regression analysis revealed previous snow-sports injury (OR: 26.39, 95% CI: 13.32–52.31, P < 0.001), nervousness (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.91–4.90, P < 0.001), calm (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.46–2.48, P < 0.001) and fearful (OR: 20.60, 95% CI: 11.45–37.04, P < 0.001) emotional states, and higher risk-taking behaviours (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 2.87–4.83, P < 0.001) were important risk factors associated with injuries to all skiers and snowboarders. Compared to snowboarders, the risk of injury to skiers was more likely to increase as the length of their skiing experience increases. Emotional and cognitive levels appear to be important conditions that influence injuries to skiers and snowboarders, a proper understanding of the potential interactions between cognition and behaviour appears to be important for public ski safety management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level during pregnancy is positively associated with various gestational-specific diseases. However, there is no uniform standard for the reference interval (RI) of Hcy in pregnancy. Methods From January 2017 to January 2019, 14,530 singleton pregnant women registered at our institute were included for the establishment of trimester-specific RIs of Hcy with both the nonparametric approach and the indirect Hoffmann method, followed by pregnancy outcome association analysis conducted with logistic regression. Results The serum Hcy level in the nonpregnant group was significantly higher than that of pregnant women. A relatively decreased Hcy concentration was observed in the second trimester when compared with that of the first or third trimester. The direct RIs of Hcy in the first or third, and second trimesters were 4.6 to 8.0 mmol/L (merged) and 4.0 to 6.4 mmol/L, respectively, which showed no significant difference compared with the RI derived from the indirect Hoffmann method. In the subsequent risk analysis, the first trimester Hcy was found to be negatively associated with GDM development; whereas the third trimester Hcy conferred increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage after delivery. Conclusion Having established trimester-specific RIs, our study sheds light on the complicated roles of Hcy in pregnancy-related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]