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Actualmente la enseñanza a través de herramientas digitales va en aumento en las instituciones educativas, a partir de los tiempos de pandemia y el confinamiento a nivel mundial. En tal sentido, surgen muchas herramientas digitales en línea como recursos libres; potenciándose de manera interesante para ser usadas por los docentes y propiciar construcción de aprendizaje. El estudio tuvo como objetivo interpretar las herramientas digitales más eficaces en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación secundaria. La investigación se llevó a cabo bajo una metodología hermenéutica, de enfoque cualitativo; usando como técnica, una entrevista semiestructurada a 9 profesionales expertos en el estado de la cuestión. Se concluyó que las herramientas digitales como las de Google, WhatsApp, Kahoot, Jamboard, Padlet se adecúan cada vez más al proceso pedagógico y se vienen usando con mayor frecuencia actualmente, por lo tanto, se sugiere usar estas herramientas en favor de la educación.

Cancer immunoediting1is a hallmark of cancer2that predicts that lymphocytes kill more immunogenic cancer cells to cause less immunogenic clones to dominate a population. Although proven in mice1,3, whether immunoediting occurs naturally in human cancers remains unclear. Here, to address this, we investigate how 70 human pancreatic cancers evolved over 10 years. We find that, despite having more time to accumulate mutations, rare long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer who have stronger T cell activity in primary tumours develop genetically less heterogeneous recurrent tumours with fewer immunogenic mutations (neoantigens). To quantify whether immunoediting underlies these observations, we infer that a neoantigen is immunogenic (high-quality) by two features—‘non-selfness’ based on neoantigen similarity to known antigens4,5, and ‘selfness’ based on the antigenic distance required for a neoantigen to differentially bind to the MHC or activate a T cell compared with its wild-type peptide. Using these features, we estimate cancer clone fitness as the aggregate cost of T cells recognizing high-quality neoantigens offset by gains from oncogenic mutations. With this model, we predict the clonal evolution of tumours to reveal that long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer develop recurrent tumours with fewer high-quality neoantigens. Thus, we submit evidence that that the human immune system naturally edits neoantigens. Furthermore, we present a model to predict how immune pressure induces cancer cell populations to evolve over time. More broadly, our results argue that the immune system fundamentally surveils host genetic changes to suppress cancer.

Post-psychotic depression (PPD) after a FEP (first-episode psychosis) differs from other depressive symptoms in chronic schizophrenia in its aetiology, symptomatology, and prognostic implications. The objective was to search if any pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions have proven to be effective on depressive symptoms after a FEP.for this systematic review we systematically searched and screened PubMed for articles published from August 1975 to October 15, 2020, with the terms: treatment AND first-episode psychosis OR post-psychotic OR post-schizophrenic AND depression.we identified 139 articles of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. These interventions were then categorized into four subgroups (antipsychotics, antidepressants, psychological and miscellaneous).this review has several limitations. The reviewed studies were heterogeneous as to assessments, interventions, and samples; furthermore, only one study had PPD in FEP as its primary outcome.to our knowledge, this is the first review of PPD in a FEP's treatment. PPD continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The available evidence for the use of treatment whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological is limited. However, certain approaches such as online therapy and treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) show promising results. It could be of interest for future studies to focus not only on the treatment of PPD but also on the diagnostic heterogeneity of the sample and the adaptation of the content of the intervention to the individual.

A novelty g-C3N4/HAp composite photocatalyst was synthetized by precipitation and thermal condensation methods. The composite photocatalyst was studied by XRD technique confirming the presence of both phases in the composite. By FTIR and XPS techniques, the chemical bonds present in the photocatalyst and its components were analyzed. Electron microscopy shows a fine mixture of phases, preserving the lamellar structure of hydroxyapatite. The change in the optical properties of the photocatalyst was investigated by means of UV–vis spectroscopy and its photocatalytic behavior was evaluated for the photoreduction of Cr (VI) in presence of UV and visible light irradiation. g-C3N4/HAp composite showed an increase in its ability to reduce Cr (VI), reaching a total reduction (40 ppm solution) after 25 and 210 min for UV and visible irradiation, respectively. The increase in the photocatalytic activity can be attributed to a synergistic effect produced by the interaction between g-C3N4 and hydroxyapatite.

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers on the study of the Distance Education variable during the Pandemic in Latin America. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document is to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in Scopus database during the period 2020-2021 in Latin American countries, achieving the identification of 220 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized by means of tables and figures, categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed topic was referenced by means of a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that Brazil, with 104 publications, was the Latin American country with the highest scientific production. Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of Distance Education during the Covid-19 pandemic was Social Sciences with 100 published documents, and the Type of Publication that was most used during the period indicated above was the Journal Article, representing 66% of the total scientific production.

This study reviews the evidence on ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) for managing and preventing suicidal thoughts and behaviors.This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Its protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. We conducted a systematic literature search of five databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane library. The most recent search date was 10 September 2021.After screening and full-text review, 27 studies were included, totaling 19 different interventions. Many of the available interventions have not yet been clinically tested. Those that have undergone effectiveness evaluation (10 interventions) showed good rates of effectiveness and feasibility, with some exceptions. The most widely used intervention model is the safety plan, which allows the user to implement coping and distracting strategies in case of suicidal ideation.Ecological momentary interventions provide certain advantages, such as their wide availability, versatility, and potential for customization. These interventions can be useful complements to traditional care, especially in situations in which face-to-face care is not possible. Evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions is still scarce. Furthermore, barriers limiting implementation in clinical practice remain. The constant advance of technology means that these interventions have great potential for improvement in the coming years.

Resumen La inyeccion de gel de acido hialuronico estabilizado (NASHA®-based gel) se utilizo en Europa para el aumento de volumen mamario entre 2006 y 2012. Fue un relleno biodegradable, que requeria de un proceso minimamente invasivo para su administracion, manteniendo el volumen mamario durante 12-24 meses. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnostico de sospecha de lesion mixoide mamaria. Tras la exeresis quirurgica del tumor y el analisis histopatologico se insiste a la paciente sobre sus antecedentes. Esta refiere que hace 13 anos se sometio a un aumento de volumen mamario mediante la inyeccion de gel de acido hialuronico. Los tumores mixoides de mama requieren de exeresis quirurgica para su tratamiento. Su presentacion mas frecuente es como parte del sindrome de Carney. Por ello, la inyeccion de gel de acido hialuronico debe ser tenida en cuenta en el diagnostico diferencial de estas lesiones ya que, a pesar de considerarse biodegradable puede persistir radiologicamente hasta 13 anos despues de su administracion.

Acoustics plays a significant role in various aspects of everyday life and finds applications in diverse fields such as medicine, where ultrasound is used to detect anomalies in the human body, noise pollution control, music, and the study of the universe, among others. This article explores the extent of scientific literature on supercomputing for acoustic simulation. The methodology consists of four steps: formulating research questions, conducting a literature search, selecting highly impactful articles, and data compilation. Out of a total of 211 articles obtained from reviewed databases, including Springer, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scientific Reports, ChEES, Journal of Physics, Hindawi, and Research Article, 20 articles were chosen for analysis. It was concluded that the dynamic study of sound is indeed complex, requiring intensive data processing. This necessitates the use of supercomputers with multiple cores to solve various mathematical models, with the fundamental focus of the study being the resolution of the wave equation.

ObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) is a highly prevalent, chronic and recurrent mental illness. The smoking rates in patients with BD are much higher than those of the general population, and BD is associated with an increased risk of suicide. An association between smoking and suicidal behavior has been found in the general population, this systematic review examines whether there is evidence of an association between smoking and suicide behavior in patients with BD.MethodA database search was carried out in Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, updated until December 31st, 2021, according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. We identified prospective and retrospective studies that included patients diagnosed with BD types I, II, and not otherwise specified, and in which smoking and suicidal behavior were correlated. Articles that focused exclusively on other mental disorders were excluded. The Ottawa-Newcastle scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles.ResultsFifteen articles (n = 7,395) met all the inclusion criteria. In nine of these articles, the authors found an association between smoking and suicidal behavior in BD, while in the remaining six articles, this association was not found. A great deal of variability was observed between articles, particularly in the measurement of suicidal behavior and tobacco consumption. The risk of bias, as assessed by the NOS, was high for most of the included articles, except for two papers, whose risk was low.ConclusionIt was not possible to establish a clear relationship between tobacco use and the risk of suicide in BD patients due to the heterogeneity of the articles included in this systematic review, which had different sample sizes and methodological issues. However, both conditions are highly prevalent and have a negative impact on the prognosis of BD. Therefore, a systematic approach is needed, based on accurate measurement of a patient’s smoking habits and their risk of suicidal behavior, in order to establish an appropriate therapeutic plan.Additional informationThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors and was registered on PROSPERO with the CRD42022301570 on January 21th 2022.

Clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P) population has become an attractive area of interest in preventing transitions to psychosis. The consequences of developing a psychotic disorder may be worse in cases of early onset. Thus, childhood and adolescence represent a critical developmental window, where opportunities to gain social and adaptive abilities depend on the individuals’ neurocognitive performance. There have been previous syntheses of the evidence regarding neurocognitive functioning in CHR-P individuals and its longitudinal changes. However, there has been less focus on children and adolescents at CHR-P. A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until July 15th, 2022. PRIMSA/MOOSE compliant systematic review and PROSPERO protocol were used to identify studies reporting on longitudinal changes in neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents (mean age of sample ≤ 18 years) at CHR-P and matched healthy control (HC) group. A systematic review of identified studies was then undertaken. Three articles were included, resulting in a total sample size of 151 CHR-P patients [mean (SD) age, 16.48 (2.41) years; 32.45% female] and 64 HC individuals [mean (SD) age, 16.79 (2.38) years; 42.18% female]. CHR-P individuals had worse outcomes in verbal learning, sustained attention and executive functioning domains compared to HC. Individuals taking antidepressants had better outcomes in verbal learning in contrast with those taking antipsychotics. In children and adolescents, neurocognition may be already impaired before the psychosis onset, and remains stable during the transition to psychosis. Further study should be performed to obtain more robust evidence.

The work is a feasibility study for the production of red tilapia in the Sucua canton of the province of Morona Santiago, the production and commercialization of 9,900.00 kg of tilapia meat during 3 years of the project's life is considered as the size of the project. ; Additionally, an overview of the state of this productive system is given, the history of how it was introduced in the country, later objectives are defined, the same ones that are strategically aligned to respond to the problem statement. Certain principles on management, its productive behavior, marketing processes, and on the different components that make up a feasibility study are enunciated, considering the criteria of different authors. Subsequently, the methodology and strategies used are addressed, the same one that starts from a qualitative and quantitative approach, the different phases and moments necessary for the construction of the information required in the structuring of the present study are described, finally the results and It begins with the determination of the initial investment ($11,657.40), the following process analyzed the operating costs ($32,678.60), financing

Supplementary figures 1-6 and supplementary methods. S1, EGFR and CD3 profiles of the cell lines used in the study; S2, cBiTE antibodies are expressed from ICO15K-cBiTE-infected cells and specifically bind to target cells; S3, Characterization of adenovirus infection in A431 cells; S4. Preactivated T cells produce proinflammatory cytokines and show higher killing capacities than naïve T cells when engaged by the cBiTE; S5, Luciferase- and GFP-expressing T cells retain their proliferative capacities in vitro; S6, Immunohistological detection of adenovirus and cBiTE in tumor samples.

Antiviral immune responses present a major hurdle to the efficacious use of oncolytic adenoviruses as cancer treatments. Despite the existence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor environment, adenovirus-infected cells can nonetheless be efficiently cleared by infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) without compromising tumor burden. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor-infiltrating T cells could be more effectively activated and redirected by oncolytic adenoviruses that were armed with bispecific T-cell–engager (BiTE) antibodies. The oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR-15K was engineered to express an EGFR-targeting BiTE (cBiTE) antibody under the control of the major late promoter, leading to generation of ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE, which retained its oncolytic properties in vitro. cBiTE expression and secretion was detected in supernatants from ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE–infected cells, and the secreted BiTEs bound specifically to both CD3+ and EGFR+ cells. In cell coculture assays, ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE–mediated oncolysis resulted in robust T-cell activation, proliferation, and bystander cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Notably, intratumoral injection of this cBiTE-expressing adenovirus increased the persistence and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating T cells in vivo, compared with the parental virus lacking such effects. Moreover, in two distinct tumor xenograft models, combined delivery of ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or T cells enhanced the antitumor efficacy achieved by the parental counterpart. Overall, our results show how arming oncolytic adenoviruses with BiTE can overcome key limitations in oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2052–63. ©2017 AACR.

Introducción: el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de diagnóstico molecular ha permitido la detección de numerosas alteraciones del genoma involucradas en el inicio y progresión del cáncer. Desempeña un rol importante la identificación de variantes de utilidad clínica o mutaciones accionables, entendidas como aquellas alteraciones puntuales que permiten guiar las decisiones terapéuticas con inhibidores dirigidos a estos blancos moleculares. El éxito de estos agentes ha llevado a un cambio de paradigma, a tal punto de reemplazar la quimioterapia convencional en un grupo selecto de pacientes que se benefician de terapia dirigida. La secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS, por sus siglas en inglés) es la base de las plataformas genómicas con las que se puede realizar un perfil genómico completo (CGP, por sus siglas en inglés), con el objetivo de identificar las mutaciones accionables sobre las cuales ejercerán su efecto los fármacos dirigidos, permitiendo así la medicina personalizada y oncología de precisión, sin embargo, la utilidad clínica de CGP en pacientes colombianos es desconocida. Objetivos: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la utilidad clínica del perfil genómico integral en tumores sólidos durante la práctica clínica habitual en Colombia como recomendación de tratamiento.

Anemonia alicemartinae es una especie criptogénica en la costa chilena, donde se comporta como invasora (i.e., aumenta su distribución a través del tiempo). Vive adherida a sustratos duros en sistemas intermareales y submareales someros desde el norte de Chile hasta la Bahía de Concepción. Al parecer, su reproducción es principalmente asexual, sin una fase larval, por lo que se ha propuesto que su dispersión ocurre mediante un mecanismo de desprendimiento y re-adhesión al sustrato, el cuál puede ser estimulado por condiciones bióticas y abióticas. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la arena sobre dicho mecanismo de dispersión, para lo cual se instalaron colectores de sedimento en 14 puntos de muestreo, en la localidad de Lirquén, en el extremo sudeste de la Bahía de Concepción (el límite sur de distribución de esta especie en el Pacífico SE). Los resultados indicaron que la densidad de anémonas disminuye exponencialmente con la cantidad de sedimento, el cuál correspondió principalmente a arenas finas y medianas (i.e., entre 0,125 y 0,5 mm de diámetro). Experimentos realizados en laboratorio indican que anémonas adheridas a sustratos con mayor cantidad de arena tardan menos tiempo en desprenderse, mientras que aquellas adheridas a sustratos sin arena demoran el triple de tiempo en hacerlo. Los resultados sugieren que las anémonas podrían percibir la presencia de arena como condiciones poco favorables, estimulando el desprendimiento de los individuos en busca de hábitats más propicios. También se discute el rol de la arena en la dispersión de la especie a larga distancia.

Vortioxetine is a multimodal-acting antidepressant that provides improvements on cognitive function aside from antidepressants and anxiolytic effects. Vortioxetine has been found to be one of the most effective and best tolerated options for major depressive disorder (MDD) in head-to-head trials.The present review intends to gather the most relevant and pragmatic data of vortioxetine in MDD, specially focusing on new studies that emerged between 2015 and 2020.Vortioxetine is the first antidepressant that has shown improvements both in depression and cognitive symptoms, due to the unique multimodal mechanism of action that combine the 5-HT reuptake inhibition with modulations of other key pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT receptors (agonism of 5-HT

En este trabajo presentamos la transcripción y traducción del censo de Calihtec, que abarca la mayoría del manuscrito Mexicain 393 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia. A mitad del siglo XVI Calihtec fue un calpolli (barrio) del altepetl Tepoztlan, incluido en el Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca perteneciente a don Hernando Cortés. Ca. 1538 unas cuestiones jurídicas relacionadas con la encomienda de Cortés llevaron a un censo general de población del Marquesado. De este censo en náhuatl, conocido en la literatura como los “padrones de Morelos” o el “libro de tributos”, hoy quedan fragmentos que describen varios pueblos de los altepetl Yauhtepec y Tepoztlan, esparcidos por las bibliotecas de México, Polonia y Francia. El registro de Calihtec es el segundo más completo de los registros sobrevivientes de los nueve calpolli principales de Tepoztlan: solo le faltan unos dos o tres folios. Aquí presentamos sus páginas en orden reconstruido, lo que permite apreciar la estructura interna de Calihtec. El estudio codicológico del registro junto con el análisis de su contenido muestran que la BNF compusó el Mexicain 393 de dos fragmentos separados (uno de ellos siendo el publicado aquí), procedentes de dueños distintos. El censo de Calihtec, como otras partes de los padrones de Marquesado, permite el estudio de varios temas relacionados con los Nahuas en el periodo colonial temprano, entre ellos tributos, familia, evangelización o calpolli.

Resumo O isolamento social provocado pela pandemia de covid-19 exigiu uma intensificação no estabelecimento de parâmetros para o trabalho do neuropsicólogo com suas especificidades. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é levantar reflexões sobre a prática neuropsicológica infantil via internet baseada na nossa experiência prática vivenciada no período, relacionando com as referências teóricas da abordagem histórico-cutural e outros trabalhos que discorrem sobre as particularidades dessa modalidade de atendimento. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes reconhecidas, como SciELO e Google Acadêmico, utilizando-se marcadores como “neuropsicologia on-line” e “teleneuropsicologia”, entre outros, em português, inglês e espanhol. Os trabalhos encontrados foram utilizados como fundamento para discutir as ideias aqui apresentadas, a partir da experiência dos autores durante esse período. Considera-se que os neuropsicólogos precisam enfrentar a possível necessidade do trabalho on-line, considerando que as situações vividas durante a pandemia tendem a aumentar a necessidade de avaliações e intervenções neuropsicológicas. Ao mesmo tempo, se prevê que essa via de trabalho deve se intensificar após o isolamento, dentro do que se tem denominado como “o novo normal”. Para isso, é essencial que haja esforço por parte da comunidade neuropsicológica para mostrar como essa área de trabalho pode ser útil para crianças, seus pais e professores. Conclui-se que é preciso ter a noção de que nenhuma via ou metodologia de trabalho é absolutamente completa, sendo essencial a instrumentalização das vantagens e desvantagens de todas elas.

This is the second volume of the Special Issue focused on piezoelectric transducers, covering a wide range of topics, including the design, fabrication, characterization, packaging, and system integration or final applications of mili/micro/nano-electro–mechanical systems-based transducers, featuring piezoelectric materials and devices [...]

El Pioderma Gangrenoso es una enfermedad poco frecuente, de difícil diagnóstico y manejo. Puede estar asociado a otras enfermedades, en donde la alteración de la respuesta inmune es común. Su presentación por lo general corresponde a lesiones ulceradas de la piel ubicadas con frecuencia en las extremidades, siendo su presentación en las mamas excepcional, y mucho más rara su relación post mamoplastía de reducción. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de pacientes sometidas a mamoplastía de reducción con pedículo inferior, asociadas al desarrollo de pioderma gangrenoso post-quirúrgico, durante un período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2011. Resultados: Se recolectaron 3 pacientes, describiendo sus casos clínicos con respecto a ésta ubicación, analizando su presentación, evolución y manejo de la enfermedad. Discusión: La presentación del pioderma gangrenoso post-quirúrgico en relación a la mamoplastía de reducción comparte ciertas similitudes, las cuales deben orientar al diagnóstico precoz y de esta forma evitar manejos erróneos que pueden ser deletéreos, secuelantes e incluso potencialmente mortales.

Industrial fishing is a hazardous activity of global nature, meeting challenges in safety and labour conditions all over the world. When it comes to the international maritime transport sector, coordinated port state control efforts have been a powerful tool against substandard shipping practices, and this paper intends to set the framework for introducing such control system in the industrial fishing sector. Such control, via inspection regime, will be feasible once the International Maritime Organisation Cape Town Agreement of 2012 enters into force, provided that transparent data is made available by all stakeholders, firstly at the level of countries which are members of Paris Memorandum of understanding and probably when most members are parties to the relevant conventions. Automatic identification system data helped to determine the inspection effort and leads to conclude that this will likely be concentrated in time and in a limited number of ports. We examined the current risk profile after a consultation with stakeholders and concluded that it is not adequate for industrial fishing vessels. We also concluded that port state control memorandums will probably require to set an inspection effort based on the number of calls in a parallel but separate regime to that of merchant ships, due to the differences with merchant ships. However, the current memorandums and agreements could well encompass industrial fishing vessels considering the current historic records in relation to flag state performance. Furthermore, it would be possible but complex to introduce social, economic and fisheries parameters in the risk profile for port state control, which could contribute to deter illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.

Primary sarcomas of the vulva are rare, with an incidence of 1.5% to 5% of all vulvar malignancies. There are only 41 cases described in the English literature of proximal epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva, which also constitutes a highly aggressive neoplasm with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. We are reporting the first case of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma reported in our country, Peru, and Latin America. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with no significant history who presented a large tumor mass of 25 cm in the left hemivulva of 2 years of evolution, associated with intense pain. She underwent radical surgical resection with left inguinopelvic lymphadenectomy and reconstruction of Rectus Abdominal Muscle Myocutaneous Flaps (TRAM). Keywords: Epithelioid sarcoma, vulva, sarcoma

espanolEn las movilizaciones que acontecieron en diversas partes del mundo los monumentos publicos han sido puestos en cuestion, y la ciudadania ha venido a redescubrir su significado politico, el que la mayoria de las veces ha quedado adormecido por el paso del tiempo. Sin embargo, y considerando que el olvido es parte del programa monumental que le permite permanecer incolume en el espacio publico, tambien puede obedecer a decisiones politicas que inciden en su invisibilidad. El presente articulo reflexiona sobre la situacion de un monumento ubicado en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, el Monumento al general Schneider (1974) obra de Carlos Ortuzar, donde su belleza y armonia simbolico-formal permanecen intactas, siendo reconocido por el mundo del arte, pero su significado profundo ha terminado por esconderse debido a los equilibrios politicos devenidos una vez llega la democracia. EnglishWithin the mobilizations that occured in various parts of the world, public monuments have been put into question, and the general public has come to rediscover their political meaning, which most of the time has become numbed by the passage of time. However, and considering that oblivion is a part of the program that allows monuments to remain unscathed within public space, it can also happen due to political decisions that affect their invisibility. This article reflects on the situation of a monument located in the city of Santiago de Chile, the Monument to general Schneider (1974) by Carlos Ortuzar, where its beauty and symbolic-formal harmony remain intact, being recognized by the art world, but its deep meaning has become hidden due to political arrangements once democracy returns.

The number of studies on the surface composition of microparticles obtained by spray drying has increased due to the interest in understanding the relationship between the characteristics of these microparticles and the oxidation stability of encapsulated bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of emulsification techniques on the distribution of components on the surface, microstructure, and physicochemical properties of encapsulated β-carotene microparticles obtained by spray drying. Emulsions created by microfluidization and observed by XPS showed a greater presence (11.35–16.82%) of hydrophilic amino acids (histidine, glycine, serine, threonine) on the surface. Emulsions obtained by rotor/stator system exhibited low encapsulation efficiency (9.1–46.0%), and the microparticles presented a high number of surface irregularities (shrinkage and dents) compared to the microfluidization samples. In contrast, emulsions obtained by microfluidization showed shorter wetting (12.37–14.47 min) and solubility times (25.66–30.22 min), attributed to the percentage of protein on the surface of microparticles. The characteristics of the microparticles provided by the microfluidizer could help in the design of fast-hydration and dispersion powder products by spray drying.

Although pain is a very important health problem, little is known in Peru about how many people it affects and what its characteristics are. This study aimed to determine the frequency of pain and other related characteristics such as type and location. A sample of inhabitants of metropolitan Lima were surveyed in their homes and were asked about their pain experience in the last 3 months. We found that about seven out of ten had experienced pain in the last 3 months. More than one-third of the participants had pain that lasted more than 3 months (chronic pain). Nearly one-half of the participants with chronic pain had not used any medication to manage their pain. In conclusion, pain is prevalent in the Peruvian population and the results suggest that a large proportion of these people did not receive adequate medical treatment.

This work reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a centimetre-scale autonomous robot with locomotion based on in-plane piezoelectric resonators and 3D-printed inclined legs. The robot consists of a pair of cooperative piezoelectric motors, an electronic power circuit and a battery-powered microcontroller. The piezoelectric motors feature a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) plate of dimensions 20 mm × 3 mm × 0.2 mm vibrating on its first extensional resonant mode at around 70 kHz. A particular position of 3D-printed inclined legs allowed the conversion of the in-plane movement into an effective forward thrust. To enable arbitrary trajectories of the robot on a surface, two parallel piezoelectric plate motors were arranged in a differential drive scheme. The signals to excite these plates were generated by the microcontroller and adapted by a supplementary electronic circuit to increase the effective voltage supplied by the onboard battery. The fully assembled robot had a size of 27 mm × 15 mm and a weight of 7 g and reached a linear speed of approximately 15 mm/s and a rotational speed of up to 50 deg./s. Finally, the autonomous robot demonstrated the ability to follow pre-programmed paths.