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104. Integrated Sensing and Acoustofluidic Functions for Flexible Thin Film Acoustic Wave Devices Based on Metallic and Polymer Multilayers

Author

Zahertar, Shahrzad, Tao, Ran, Wang, Hongzhe, Torun, Hamdi, Canyelles-Pericas, Pep, Liu, Yang, Vernon, Jethro, Ng, Wai Pang, Binns, Richard, Wu, Qiang, Luo, Jingting, and Fu, Yong-Qing

Abstract

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are generally fabricated on rigid substrates that support the propagation of waves efficiently. Although very challenging, the realisation of SAW devices on bendable and flexible substrates can lead to new generation SAW devices for wearable technologies. In this paper, we report flexible acoustic wave devices based on ZnO thin films coated on various substrates consisting of thin layers of metal (e.g., Ni/Cu/Ni) and/or polymer (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, PET). We comparatively characterise the fabricated SAW devices and demonstrate their sensing applications for temperature and ultraviolet (UV) light. We also investigate their acoustofluidic capabilities on different substrates. Our results show that the SAW devices fabricated on a polymer layer (e.g. ZnO/PET, ZnO/Ni/Cu/Ni/PET) show enhanced temperature responsivity, and the devices with larger wavelengths are more sensitive to UV exposure. For actuation purposes, the devices fabricated on ZnO/Ni/Cu/Ni layer have the best performance for acoustofluidics, whereas insignificant acoustofluidic effects are observed with the devices fabricated on ZnO/PET layers. We propose that the addition of a metallic layer of Ni/Cu/Ni between ZnO and polymer layers facilitates the actuation capability for the acoustofluidic applications while keeping temperature and UV sensing capabilities, thus enhancing the integration of sensing and acoustofluidic functions.

Published
2023
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113. Integrated sensing and acoustofluidic functions for flexible thin film acoustic wave devices based on metallic and polymer multilayers

Author

Zahertar, Shahrzad, primary, Tao, Ran, additional, Wang, Hongzhe, additional, Torun, Hamdi, additional, Canyelles-Pericas, Pep, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Vernon, Jethro, additional, Ng, Wai Pang, additional, Binns, Richard, additional, Wu, Qiang, additional, Luo, Jingting, additional, and Fu, Yong-Qing, additional

Published
2022
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116. High-Performance Ppb Level NO 2 Gas Sensor Based on Colloidal SnO 2 Quantum Wires/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Composite.

Author

Zhang, Baohui, Li, Chong, Li, Min, Fu, Chen, Tao, Ran, Li, Honglang, and Luo, Jingting

Subjects
NANOWIRES, GAS detectors, HETEROJUNCTIONS, METALLIC oxides, NITROGEN dioxide, FOSSIL fuels, AIR pollution
Abstract

Nitrogen dioxide is one origin of air pollution from fossil fuels with the potential to cause great harm to human health in low concentrations. Therefore, low-cost, low-power-consumption sensors for low-concentration NO2 detection are essential. Herein, heterojunction by SnO2 quantum wires, a traditional metal oxide NO2 sensing material, and Ti3C2Tx MXene, a novel type of 2D layered material, was synthesized using a simple solvothermal method for enhancing gas-sensing performance and reducing operating temperature. The operating temperature was reduced to 80 °C, with a best performance of 27.8 and a fast response and recovery time (11 s and 23 s, respectively). The SnO2 and Ti3C2Tx MXene composite exhibits high speed and low detection limit due to the construction of the heterojunction with high conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene. The selectivity and stability of gas sensors are carried out. This could enable the realization of fast response, high-sensitivity, and selective NO2 sensing under low operating temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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117. Over 10% Efficient Cu2CdSnS4 Solar Cells Fabricated from Optimized Sulfurization.

Author

Fan, Ping, Lin, Jinhong, Hu, Juguang, Yu, Zixuan, Zhao, Yunhai, Chen, Shuo, Zheng, Zhuanghao, Luo, Jingting, Liang, Guangxing, and Su, Zhenghua

Subjects
SOLAR cells, OPEN-circuit voltage, CHARGE carrier lifetime, ELECTRIC potential, REDSHIFT, POINT defects, PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
Abstract

At present, Kesterite‐based thin‐film solar cells, such as Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells, involve serious band‐tailed states, which leads to low open‐circuit voltage, thereby hindering the further improvement of device performance. In stannite‐based materials, such as Cu2CdSnS4, the substitution of Zn with Cd can effectively suppress CuCd‐related point defects and defect clusters; thus, the band‐tailing state is few, which has attracted considerable research attention. In this work, on the basis of using optimized sulfurization and optimizing ratios (Cu/Cd+Sn) and temperatures, Cu2CdSnS4 thin films can be obtained with good quality and single‐phase composition, in which the device prepared at a ratio of 0.83 and 590 °C has the highest efficiency. Defect analysis shows that the substitution of Zn with Cd can effectively reduce CuCd‐related defects and defect clusters (such as 2CuCd+SnCd) and also decrease Urbach energy, fluctuations of bandgap, and electrostatic potential compared with kesterite‐based devices. In particular, Cu2CdSnS4 thin‐film solar cell prepared under optimized conditions (the ratio of 0.83 and 590 °C) has the minimum reverse saturation current, red shift, and the maximum minority carrier diffusion length. Therefore, an efficiency over 10% Cu2CdSnS4 thin‐film solar cell is reported, which shows the highest efficiency among stannite‐based solar cells to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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122. Ultrafast and Sensitive Hydrophobic QCM Humidity Sensor by Sulfur Modified Ti3C2Tx MXene

Author

Li, Zhiqiong, Zhang, Baohui, Fu, Chen, Tao, Ran, Li, Honglang, and Luo, Jingting

Abstract

MXenes, 2-D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have developed to be attractive nanomaterials for humidity-sensitive materials due to their abundant active sites, tunable surface chemistry, and outstanding stability. Nevertheless, metallic conductivity also makes it hard to extract the signal change from semiconductor resistive gas sensors. Here, we introduce quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as a humidity sensor platform to collect the signal of MXene mass change directly replacing electronic signal detection. Surface modification was taken place for changing the surface functional groups during hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching for enhancing more humidity sensing performance of Ti3C2Tx MXene. Sulfurized Ti3C2Tx MXene QCM sensors show the highest humidity sensing performance than as-synthesized Ti3C2Tx MXene from 6 Hz/% up to 105 Hz/% with an ultrafast response and recovery time (13/6 s). Also, it was calculated up to 20 times more water absorption ratio compared to mass change of the as-synthesized Ti3C2Tx MXene, showing potential for high-performance and fast humidity sensors.

Published
2023
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124. Gas sensing materials roadmap

Author

Wang, Huaping, primary, Ma, Jianmin, additional, Zhang, Jun, additional, Feng, Yuezhan, additional, Vijjapu, Mani Teja, additional, Yuvaraja, Saravanan, additional, Surya, Sandeep G, additional, Salama, Khaled N, additional, Dong, Chengjun, additional, Wang, Yude, additional, Kuang, Qin, additional, Tshabalala, Zamaswazi P, additional, Motaung, David E, additional, Liu, Xianghong, additional, Yang, Junliang, additional, Fu, Haitao, additional, Yang, Xiaohong, additional, An, Xizhong, additional, Zhou, Shiqiang, additional, Zi, Baoye, additional, Liu, Qingju, additional, Urso, Mario, additional, Zhang, Bo, additional, Akande, A A, additional, Prasad, Arun K, additional, Hung, Chu Manh, additional, Van Duy, Nguyen, additional, Hoa, Nguyen Duc, additional, Wu, Kaidi, additional, Zhang, Chao, additional, Kumar, Rahul, additional, Kumar, Mahesh, additional, Kim, Youngjun, additional, Wu, Jin, additional, Wu, Zixuan, additional, Yang, Xing, additional, Vanalakar, S A, additional, Luo, Jingting, additional, Kan, Hao, additional, Li, Min, additional, Jang, Ho Won, additional, Orlandi, Marcelo Ornaghi, additional, Mirzaei, Ali, additional, Kim, Hyoun Woo, additional, Kim, Sang Sub, additional, Uddin, A S M Iftekhar, additional, Wang, Jing, additional, Xia, Yi, additional, Wongchoosuk, Chatchawal, additional, Nag, Anindya, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, additional, Saxena, Nupur, additional, Kumar, Pragati, additional, Do, Jing-Shan, additional, Lee, Jong-Ho, additional, Hong, Seongbin, additional, Jeong, Yujeong, additional, Jung, Gyuweon, additional, Shin, Wonjun, additional, Park, Jinwoo, additional, Bruzzi, Mara, additional, Zhu, Chen, additional, Gerald, Rex E, additional, and Huang, Jie, additional

Published
2021
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127. Sensitive and Stable NO2 Gas Sensors Employing Halogen-Passivated Colloidal Quantum Dots

Author

Li, Min, Zhang, Baohui, Yang, Lei, Lan, Chunfeng, Luo, Jing, Fu, Chen, Tao, Ran, and Luo, Jingting

Abstract

Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have the potential to be a new generation of high-performance gas-sensing materials for its high chemical activity, facile solution processability, and size tunability. However, the high chemical activity of CQDs also leads the CQDs to be easily oxidized, which would reduce the long-term stability of CQDs-based gas sensors. Here, we try to introduce halogen ligands in the synthesis of PbS CQDs by using lead halide as precursor. These halogen ligands play a passivate role and are beneficial in improving the long-term stability of PbS CQDs-based gas sensors. Results show that although the PbS CQDs synthesized using lead halide as precursor exhibit relatively low sensor response than that synthesized using traditional lead oxide as precursor, it exhibits faster response and recovery times. More importantly, the sensors employing halogen-passivated PbS CQDs exhibit superior long-term stability, in which more than 80% of their original NO2-sensing performance are still presented after 30 days. It could be attributed to the surface halogen derived from the lead precursor, which prevent CQDs from reacting with the atmosphere and, thus, maintain the oxidative stability of CQDs. This research will pave the way for improving the long-term stability of lead chalcogenide CQDs-based gas sensors.

Published
2023
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128. Highly Sensitive Love Mode Acoustic Wave Platform with SiO 2 Wave-Guiding Layer and Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigens.

Author

Li, Chong, Zhang, Jikai, Xie, Haiyu, Luo, Jingting, Fu, Chen, Tao, Ran, Li, Honglang, and Fu, Yongqing

Subjects
SOUND waves, ACOUSTIC surface waves, CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen, GOLD nanoparticles, SANDWICH construction (Materials), TUMOR markers, DELAY lines
Abstract

A highly sensitive and precise Love wave mode surface acoustic wave (SAW) immunosensor based on an ST-cut 90°X quartz substrate and an SiO2 wave-guiding layer was developed to detect cancer-related biomarkers of carcinoembryonic antigens (CEAs). A delay line structure of the SAW device with a resonant frequency of 196 MHz was designed/fabricated, and its surface was functionalized through CEA antibody immobilization. The CEA antibodies were bound with gold nanoparticles and CEA antibodies to form a sandwich structure, which significantly amplified the mass loading effect and enhanced the maximum responses by 30 times. The center frequency of the Love wave immunosensor showed a linear response as a function of the CEA concentration in the range of 0.2–5 ng/mL. It showed a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL, and its coefficient of determination was 0.983. The sensor also showed minimal interference from nonspecific adsorptions, thus demonstrating its promise for point-of-care applications for cancer biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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132. Engineering inclined orientations of piezoelectric films for integrated acoustofluidics and lab-on-a-chip operated in liquid environments

Author

Fu, Yong-Qing, primary, Pang, Hua-Feng, additional, Torun, Hamdi, additional, Tao, Ran, additional, McHale, Glen, additional, Reboud, Julien, additional, Tao, Kai, additional, Zhou, Jian, additional, Luo, Jingting, additional, Gibson, Desmond, additional, Luo, Jikui, additional, and Hu, PingAn, additional

Published
2021
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137. Device Postannealing Enabling over 12% Efficient Solution‐Processed Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Solar Cells with Cd 2+ Substitution

Author

Su, Zhenghua, primary, Liang, Guangxing, additional, Fan, Ping, additional, Luo, Jingting, additional, Zheng, Zhuanghao, additional, Xie, Zhigao, additional, Wang, Wei, additional, Chen, Shuo, additional, Hu, Juguang, additional, Wei, Yadong, additional, Yan, Chang, additional, Huang, Jialiang, additional, Hao, Xiaojing, additional, and Liu, Fangyang, additional

Published
2020
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138. Wide range of droplet jetting angles by thin-film based surface acoustic waves

Author

Li, Jie, primary, Biroun, Mehdi H, additional, Tao, Ran, additional, Wang, Yong, additional, Torun, Hamdi, additional, Xu, Na, additional, Rahmati, Mohammad, additional, Li, Yifan, additional, Gibson, Desmond, additional, Fu, Chen, additional, Luo, Jingting, additional, Dong, Linxi, additional, Xie, Jin, additional, and Fu, Yongqing, additional

Published
2020
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141. Facile Fabrication of MoS 2 Nanoflowers/SnO 2 Colloidal Quantum Dots Nanocomposite for Enhanced NO 2 Sensing at Room Temperature.

Author

Luo, Jingting, Li, Chong, Yang, Qutong, Yan, Lanxin, Zhang, Baohui, Tao, Ran, Rauf, Sana, Li, Honglang, and Fu, Chen

Abstract

With the continuous industrialization, as one of the most common air pollutants found in fossil fuels and automobile exhausts, nitride oxide (NO2) monitor is very essential for ensuring good air quality and our body health. 2D materials attract more attention for its special surface and electron structures. MoS2 shows small gas sensing response for its less surface dangling bonds. Here, we introduce a facile method to modify MoS2 with SnO2 as a NO2 receptor via mechanical composite. The MoS2 nanoflowers prepared with a hydrothermal method depicted a high surface/volume ratio and the SnO2 fabricated using a solvothermal method. Mixing ratio and annealing temperature was systematic researched for screening optimal parameters for gas sensor fabrication. The response was enhanced 1.5 time after modification with fast response and recovery time. The p-n heterostructure also provide good selectivity towards NO2 for gas sensing. This work provides a facile alternative for fast and stable response NO2 gas sensor at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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142. Device Postannealing Enabling over 12% Efficient Solution‐Processed Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells with Cd2+ Substitution

Author

Su, Zhenghua, Liang, Guangxing, Fan, Ping, Luo, Jingting, Zheng, Zhuanghao, Xie, Zhigao, Wei, Wang, Chen, Shuo, Hu, Juguang, Wei, Yadong, Yan, Chang, Huang, Jialiang, Hao, Xiaojing, Liu, Fangyang, Su, Zhenghua, Liang, Guangxing, Fan, Ping, Luo, Jingting, Zheng, Zhuanghao, Xie, Zhigao, Wei, Wang, Chen, Shuo, Hu, Juguang, Wei, Yadong, Yan, Chang, Huang, Jialiang, Hao, Xiaojing, and Liu, Fangyang

Abstract

Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 is a promising photovoltaic material containing low-cost, earth-abundant, and stable semiconductor elements. However, the highest power conversion efficiency of thin-film solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 is only about 11% due to low open-circuit voltage and fill factor mainly caused by antisite defects and unfavorable heterojunction interface. In this work, a postannealing procedure is proposed to complete a Cd-alloyed Cu2ZnSnS4 device. The postannealing to complete the device significantly enhances the performance of the indium tin oxide and promotes the moderate interdiffusion of elements between the layers in the device. As a result of the diffusion of Cu, Zn, In, and Sn, the interfacial electron and hole densities are improved, leading to the achievement of a suitable band alignment for carrier transport. The post annealing also reduces the interface traps and deep-level defects, contributing to decreased nonradiative recombination. Therefore, the open-circuit voltage and fill factor are both improved, and an efficiency over 12% for pure sulfide-based kesterite thin-film solar cells is obtained.

Published
2020

143. Enhancing Ag-alloyed Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell performance by interfacial modification via In and Al.

Author

Fan, Ping, He, Yang, Liang, Guangxing, Xie, Zhigao, Yu, Zixuan, Lin, Jinhong, Chen, Shuo, Zheng, Zhuanghao, Luo, Jingting, and Su, Zhenghua

Abstract

Ag-alloyed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 kesterite semiconductors have been attracting considerable attention recently because doping with Ag can suppress the CuZn related anti-site defects, which is the main factor that limits the efficiency of kesterite solar cells. Although the performance of the thin film and the device is enhanced (for example, better crystallinity, fewer deep level defects and longer lifetime of the minority carrier) by doping a small amount of Ag in the CZTS thin film, the density of the defects remains high, and the band alignment of CdS/CZTS is not fully optimized, and the interface carrier concentration is greatly decreased. These phenomena will limit any further improvement in efficiency. In this work, to further increase the performance of the device, the interface of CdS/CZTS for an Ag-alloyed CZTS thin film solar cell was doped with In or Al. Then the properties of the thin film, interface band structure and device performance were investigated. After doping the interface with In or Al, the concentrations of the n-type and p-type carriers at the CdS/CAZTS heterojunction were boosted, and the interface band alignment was optimized, resulting in over 11% efficiency for an Ag-alloyed CZTS (with Al interface doping) thin film solar cell. Moreover, low-cost Al-doped ZnO (AZO) was used to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as the front electrode after optimization, and more than 10% efficiency of CAZTS device without In was obtained. This study demonstrates the feasibility of controlling the doping of the interface to improve the interface performance of a heterojunction by using a simple spin coating process, and also provided a suitable experimental basis for future low-cost thin film solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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144. Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage of Sb2Se3 Thin‐Film Solar Cells Via Interfacial Sulfur Diffusion‐Induced Gradient Bandgap Engineering.

Author

Chen, Shuo, Ishaq, Muhammad, Xiong, Wei, Ali Shah, Usman, Farooq, Umar, Luo, Jingting, Zheng, Zhuanghao, Su, Zhenghua, Fan, Ping, Zhang, Xianghua, and Liang, Guangxing

Subjects
SOLAR cells, OPEN-circuit voltage, PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems, INDIUM tin oxide, SULFUR, VAPOR-plating
Abstract

The performance of thermally deposited Sb2Se3 solar cells are severely limited by various bulk and interfacial recombination, instigating a large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit. Ternary Sb2(S,Se)3 is considered as a remedy, however, it is also subjected to a dilemma that improvement in VOC will be escorted by JSC loss due to the shrinkage of light harvest. Thus, a gradient of S/Se across the film is a prerequisite to avoid this detrimental compromise. Herein, the incorporation of S in the Sb2Se3 absorber layer evaporated from a CdS buffer layer during vapor transport deposition (VTD) process, and its further self‐activated diffusion at the interface upon ambient storage is explored. For the gradient indium tin oxide (ITO)/CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3/Sb2Se3/Au solar cell, the large bandgap Sb2(S,Se)3 at the heterojunction side contributes to high VOC, while the narrow bandgap Sb2Se3 at the top side confirms high JSC. Sulfur diffusion at the CdS/Sb2Se3 interface also improves the junction quality with an enlarged Vbi, reduced interfacial defects and recombination loss, thus improving VOC from 393 to 430 mV. Such VOC represents the highest value for that of thermally deposited Sb2Se3 solar cells. The champion device also delivers an interesting efficiency of 7.49%. This research provides substantial guidance in exploring efficient approaches to improve the performance of Sb2Se3 solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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145. High-Performance Surface Acoustic Wave Devices Using LiNbO3/SiO2/SiC Multilayered Substrates.

Author

Shen, Junyao, Fu, Sulei, Su, Rongxuan, Xu, Huiping, Lu, Zengtian, Xu, Zhibin, Luo, Jingting, Zeng, Fei, Song, Cheng, Wang, Weibiao, and Pan, Feng

Subjects
ACOUSTIC surface wave devices, ACOUSTIC surface waves, RADIO frequency, INSERTION loss (Telecommunication), ELECTROMECHANICAL effects, SUBSTRATE integrated waveguides
Abstract

The rapid development of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless system is driving strong demand for high-performance radio frequency filters. This work studies shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices using 15°-rotated Y-cut X-propagating (15°Y-X) LiNbO3/SiO2/SiC multilayered substrates. Single-crystalline 15°Y-X LiNbO3 films are bonded to SiO2/SiC handling substrates by the smart cut technology. On the basis of accurate finite-element-method simulations, LiNbO3/SiO2/SiC wafer configurations are optimized to suppress spurious resonance due to Rayleigh-mode and transverse-mode responses, and one-port resonators with a clean spectrum, a high electromechanical coupling coefficient of 22.00%, and an admittance ratio (impedance ratio) over 65 dB are successfully implemented. Based on the characteristics of the resonators, high-performance filters with a center frequency of 1.28 GHz, a large 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 16.65%, and a low minimum insertion loss of 1.02 dB are successfully designed and fabricated. Furthermore, no ripples in the passband of the filters are observed. Additionally, the filters exhibit a temperature coefficient of center frequency of −63.8 ppm/°C and a large power durability of 33.2 dBm. This work confirms the high performances of the SAW devices using the 15°Y-X LiNbO3/SiO2/SiC multilayered substrate, and this type of SAW device exhibits a prospect of commercial applications in the 5G wireless system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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147. Three-Dimensional Tetrapodal ZnO Microstructured Network Based Flexible Surface Acoustic Wave Device for Ultraviolet and Respiration Monitoring Applications

Author

Tao, Xiang, primary, Jin, Hao, additional, Mintken, Mona, additional, Wolff, Niklas, additional, Wang, Yong, additional, Tao, Ran, additional, Li, Yifan, additional, Torun, Hamdi, additional, Xie, Jin, additional, Luo, Jingting, additional, Zhou, Jian, additional, Wu, Qiang, additional, Dong, Shurong, additional, Luo, Jikui, additional, Kienle, Lorenz, additional, Adelung, Rainer, additional, Mishra, Yogendra Kumar, additional, and Fu, Yong Qing, additional

Published
2020
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