350 results on '"Mäkisalo, Heikki"'
Search Results
102. Hepatic and splanchnic oxygenation during liver transplantation
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Tallgren, Minna, primary, Mäkisalo, Heikki, additional, Höckerstedt, Krister, additional, and Lindgren, Leena, additional
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- 1999
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103. Hepatosplanchnic and Peripheral Tissue Oxygenation During Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock: The Effects of Pentoxifylline Administration
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Nordin, Arno, primary, Mildh, Leena, additional, Mäkisalo, Heikki, additional, Härkönen, Matti, additional, and Höckerstedt, Krister, additional
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- 1998
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104. Circulating xanthine oxidase and neutrophil activation during human liver transplantation
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Pesonen*, Eero J., primary, Linder*, Nina, additional, Raivio*, Kari O., additional, Sarnesto*, Annikki, additional, Lapatto*, Risto, additional, Höckerstedt‡, Krister, additional, Mäkisalo‡, Heikki, additional, and Andersson*,§,∥, Sture, additional
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- 1998
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105. HEPATOTOXICITY AND ABSORPTION OF EXTRAHEPATIC ACETALDEHYDE IN RATS
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MATYSIAK-BUDNIK, TAMARA, primary, JOKELAINEN, KALLE, additional, KÄRKKÄINEN, PÄIVI, additional, MÄKISALO, HEIKKI, additional, OHISALO, JORMA, additional, and SALASPURO, MIKKO, additional
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- 1996
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106. Dopamine infusion during resuscitation of experimental hemorrhagic shock
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Nordin, Arno, primary, Mäkisalo, Heikki, additional, and Höckerstedt, Krister, additional
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- 1994
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107. Peripheral and liver tissue oxygen tensions in hemorrhagic shock
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SOINI, HANNU O., primary, TAKALA, JUKKA, additional, NORDIN, ARNO J., additional, MÄKISALO, HEIKKI J., additional, and HÖCKERSTEDT, KRISTER A. V., additional
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- 1992
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108. Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic biliary complications after liver transplantation using removable, covered, self-expandable metallic stents.
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Haapamäki, Carola, Udd, Marianne, Halttunen, Jorma, Lindström, Outi, Mäkisalo, Heikki, and Kylänpää, Leena
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LIVER transplantation ,PANCREATITIS ,BILIARY tract ,THERAPEUTICS ,INFLAMMATION - Abstract
Objective. Anastomotic bile duct complications after liver transplantation (LT) have been treated endoscopically by dilation and plastic tube stenting, with the stent therapy having moved toward using covered, self-expandable metallic stents (cSEMS) in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyze therapy outcome of post-LT anastomotic complications using cSEMS. Material and methods. Seventeen post-LT patients had 29 cSEMS (Allium stent, n == 23; Wallstent®, n == 4; Micro-Tech, n == 2) placed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The fully covered stents (Allium, Micro-Tech) were placed entirely inside the common bile duct. Data were collected and analyzed in a retrospective manner. Results. These 17 patients had 19 stent treatment periods. Resolution was eventually established in all patients. There were four (14%) stent migrations. Pancreatitis was seen after one ERCP procedure, whereas five cases of cholangitis were seen. Conclusion. Treatment of post-LT anastomotic complications with cSEMS seems to be both safe and efficient. Further assessment regarding indications, stent types and stenting time is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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109. ACUTE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON ANDROGENS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN.
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Sarkola, Taisto, Fukunaga, Tatsushige, Mäkisalo, Heikki, and Peter Eriksson, C. J.
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ALCOHOL research ,ALCOHOL drinking ,ANDROGENS ,TESTOSTERONE ,ANDROSTENEDIONE ,HYPERANDROGENISM ,PERIMENOPAUSE - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of alcohol on androgen levels among premenopausal women. Eighty-seven women in the mid-cycle phase of the menstrual cycle, 47 of whom used oral contraceptives (OC+), were included in the study. The range for reported alcohol consumption was 0–4 drinks/day. The total testosterone levels were significantly higher after alcohol intake (0.5 g/kg) than after placebo at 45 min and 90 min from the start of drinking among both OC– and OC+ subjects. This effect was also seen in the free testosterone fraction. The effect on testosterone was more prominent among OC+ subjects. Androstenedione levels were significantly lowered and the testosterone:androstenedione ratio significantly elevated by alcohol among both OC– and OC+ subjects. No effect of alcohol on dehydroepiandrosterone or dihydrotestosterone levels was observed. A positive correlation was observed between the change in testosterone levels and the change in androstenedione levels during placebo conditions. The correlation was significantly reduced during alcohol conditions among OC+ subjects, indicating an increased androstenedione to testosterone conversion. No significant dose (0.34, 0.68 and 1.02 g/kg) or time (45, 90 and 150 min) effects on total testosterone were observed in a substudy involving 10 OC+ subjects. The present results suggest that the testosterone effect is related to the zero-order mechanism of ethanol oxidation. The observed testosterone and androstenedione effects are suggested to be the result of an increased androstenedione to testosterone conversion in the liver caused by the alcohol-mediated elevation in the [NADH]:[NAD+] ratio. The present findings may be relevant in the development of hyperandrogenism and loss of female sexual characteristics associated with heavy alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2000
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110. Acute Effect of Alcohol on Estradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Prolactin, Cortisol, and Luteinizing Hormone in Premenopausal Women.
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Sarkola, Taisto, Mäkisalo, Heikki, Fukunaga, Tatsushige, and Eriksson, C. J. Peter
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Background: Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with menstrual irregularities, including anovulation, luteal-phase dysfunction, recurrent amenorrhea, and early menopause. In addition, moderate to heavy alcohol intake has been found to increase the risk of spontaneous abortions and breast cancer. These adverse effects could at least in part originate from alcohol-mediated changes in hormone levels. Method: The acute effect of alcohol on the hormone balance in women using oral contraceptives (OC+) and also in nonusers (OC-), was evaluated in 30 OC- and 31 OC+ subjects, representing the whole period of the menstrual cycle. It was also evaluated in 40 OC- and 47 OC+ subjects during the midcycle phase and in 10 OC+ subjects with unknown cycle phase. Result: We found that among subjects who used oral contraceptives, estradiol levels increased and progesterone levels decreased after intake of alcohol (0.5 g/kg). No dose effect (0.34-1.02 g/kg) on progesterone was observed in a substudy on 10 OC+ subjects. With regard to estrone levels, no effect was observed, although a significant increase was found in the estradiol-to-estrone ratio. Among subjects not using oral contraceptives, progesterone levels decreased after intake of alcohol (0.5 g/kg). No effect was found in estradiol, estrone, or the estradiol-to-estrone ratio during midcycle in this study group. A transient elevating effect of alcohol (0.5 g/kg) on prolactin levels was observed in both study groups. We found that alcohol (0.5 g/kg) had no significant effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) levels among subjects not using oral contraceptives, and observed a decline among subjects using oral contraceptives at midcycle. Conclusions: We suggest that the estradiol and progesterone effects are related to decreased steroid catabolism, resulting from the alcohol-mediated increase in the hepatic NADH-to-NAD ratio. The transient effect on prolactin levels may reflect acute changes in opioid and dopamine levels in the hypothalamus. The present findings regarding female sex steroids may be of relevance in the association between moderate to heavy alcohol consumption and the development of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1999
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111. FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY IN THE MONITORING OF LIVER ALLOGRAFTS.
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Lautenschlager, Irmeli, Höckerstedt, Krister, Taskinen, Eero, Korsbäck, Charles, Mäkisalo, Heikki, and Häyry, Pekka
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- 1988
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112. ASSOCIATION OF GRAFT NEUTROPHIL SEQUESTRATION WITH DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION IN CLINICAL RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
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Turunen, Arto J., Lindgren, Leena, Salmela, Kaija T., Kyllönen, Lauri E., Mäkisalo, Heikki, Siitonen, Sanna M., and Pesonen, Eero J.
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The authors studied the impact of neutrophil activation, detected in experimental models, on reperfusion injury in clinical renal transplantation.
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- 2004
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113. FINENEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY IN THE MONITORING OF LIVER ALLOGRAFTS
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Lautenschlager, Irmeli, Höckerstedt, Krister, Taskinen, Eero, Korsbäck, Charles, Mäkisalo, Heikki, and Häyry, Pekka
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We have used allogeneic pig liver transplants to investigate the structure of inflammation in acute liver allograft rejection. An inflammatory episode of acute cellular rejection was observed in 9/10 allografts in non-immunosuppressed recipients, when monitored with simultaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) and core needle biopsies (NB). The intensity of inflammation in FNAB was quantitated using the corrected increment method and correlated with NB findings. In FNAB, all inflammatory episodes were detected on the 4th day after transplantation with lymphoid blast and lymphocyte infiltration, later accompanied by monocytes and macrophages. Maximal intensity of inflammation was recorded in FNAB on day 14. In NB, histology demonstrated distinct inflammation in the portal area on day 4. The predominantly lymphocytic infiltration, also containing varying numbers of plasma cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages, reached its maximum 7–14 days after transplantation. With the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, lymphoid cell subpopulation analysis of FNAB demonstrated an increase of both T4 and T8 cells during rejection. The T4/ T8 ratio was first low, and increased at the beginning of the episode, on day 4, but decreased again on days 7 and 14. The number of B cells in the graft was also elevated during rejection. The cellular changes in the corresponding blood specimens followed approximately the same lines, although the changes were less prominent. NB immunohistology, using immunoperoxidase and frozen sections, correlated well with FNAB results, and demonstrated a T4 predominance in the portal area on day 4 but a T8 predominance on days 7 and 14. In addition to lymphoid cells, macrophages/granulocytes were also frequent in the portal area and scattered in the parenchyma on days 7 and 14. An additional inflammatory cell component in liver allograft rejection, detectable only in the NB, was eosinophils in the portal area, recorded in maximum on day 14. Taken together, the inflammatory changes in the FNAB and NB were similar, and time-related changes of cellular infiltrate in FNAB and NB correlated closely.
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- 1988
114. Manipulation of Alcohol Drinking by Liver Transplantation.
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Eriksson, C. J. Peter, Koivisto, Tiina, Sriwatanawongsa, Voravit, Martelius, Tirni, Mäkisalo, Heikki, and Höckerstedt, Krister
- Abstract
The procedure of liver transplantation in alcoholic liver disease raises the question whether it would be possible to regulate the recipient's future drinking by the choice of donor liver. To address this question, we conducted transplantations with rat lines selected for high (AA) and low (ANA) alcohol preference. AA recipients having alcohol experience before the operation remained heavy drinkers regardless of whether the graft came from an AA or ANA donor. However, in those AA recipients who started drinking only after the operation, differences emerged, with AA grafts creating heavy drinking and ANA donor livers resulting in very low drinking. An overall increase in the acetaldehyde levels was introduced by the ANA livers, thus reflecting the original line differences. Similarly, in subsequent experiments, it was observed that when the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor calcium carbimide was introduced in different amounts to the diet, alcohol drinking was reduced more in animals not used to drinking. The magnitude of this effect, especially in situations with established heavy drinking, is of relevance in future contemplations about liver transplantations between humans with dfferent aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1997
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115. Predictors of insufficient recanalization and portal hypertensive complications after treatment of non-cirrhotic, non-malignant portal vein thrombosis – a population-based study
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Lemma, Aurora, Åberg, Fredrik, Mäkisalo, Heikki, Pirkka Vikatmaa, Mentula, Panu, Leppäniemi, Ari, and Sallinen, Ville
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3. Good health - Abstract
In acute portal vein thrombosis (PVT), a six-month anticoagulation treatment achieves complete recanalization in only 35%–45% of patients, but the predictors of poor treatment responses are unclear. We examined treatment outcomes in PVT and aimed to identify predictors of incomplete recanalization and portal hypertensive complications. This retrospective study comprised patients diagnosed with PVT between 2006 and 2015. Key exclusion criteria were liver cirrhosis, malignancy, and age
116. Predictors of insufficient recanalization and portal hypertensive complications after treatment of non-cirrhotic, non-malignant portal vein thrombosis – a population-based study
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Lemma, Aurora, Åberg, Fredrik, Mäkisalo, Heikki, Pirkka Vikatmaa, Mentula, Panu, Leppäniemi, Ari, and Sallinen, Ville
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3. Good health - Abstract
In acute portal vein thrombosis (PVT), a six-month anticoagulation treatment achieves complete recanalization in only 35%–45% of patients, but the predictors of poor treatment responses are unclear. We examined treatment outcomes in PVT and aimed to identify predictors of incomplete recanalization and portal hypertensive complications. This retrospective study comprised patients diagnosed with PVT between 2006 and 2015. Key exclusion criteria were liver cirrhosis, malignancy, and age
117. Subcutaneous and liver tissue oxygen tension in hemorrhagic shock
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MÄKISALO, HEIKKI JORMA, primary, SOINI, HANNU OLAVI, additional, TAPANI LALLA, MARTTI LEO, additional, and VICTOR HÖCKERSTEDT, KRISTER ANDERS, additional
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- 1988
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118. CHRONIC ENDOTOXIN/ALCOHOL EXPOSURE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ANIMAL MODEL.
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Lindros, Kai O., Järveläinen, Harri, Karjalainen, Ari, Mäkisalo, Heikki, and Karhunen, Pekka J.
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- 1998
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119. Timing of Organ Procurement From Brain-Dead Donors Associates With Short- and Long-Term Outcomes After Liver Transplantation.
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Eerola, Verner, Helanterä, Ilkka, Åberg, Fredrik, Lempinen, Marko, Mäkisalo, Heikki, Nordin, Arno, Isoniemi, Helena, and Sallinen, Ville
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LIVER transplantation , *BRAIN death , *LUNG transplantation , *GRAFT survival , *CYTOKINE release syndrome - Abstract
Brain death-induced cytokine storm is thought to harm transplantable organs. However, longer procurement times have been associated with non-inferior or better outcomes in kidney, heart, and lung transplants, while optimal procurement time for liver allografts is unknown. Our aim was to analyze the association of time interval from brain death to organ procurement with liver allograft outcomes in two nationwide cohorts. The association of procurement interval with graft survival and short-term complications was analysed in multivariable models. Altogether 643 and 58,017 orthotopic liver transplantations from brain-dead donors were included from Finland between June 2004 and December 2017 and the US between January 2008 and August 2018, respectively. Median time from brain death to organ procurement was 10.5 h in Finland and 34.6 h in the US. Longer interval associated with better graft survival (non-linearly, p = 0.016) and less acute rejections (OR 0.935 95% CI 0.894–0.978) in the US cohort, and better early allograft function (p = 0.005; Beta −0.048 95% CI −0.085 −(−0.011)) in the Finnish cohort, in multivariable models adjusted with Donor Risk Index, recipient age, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and indication for transplantation. Progressive liver injury after brain death is unlikely. Rushing to recover seems unnecessary; rest and repair might prove beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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120. Pre- vs. postoperative initiation of thromboprophylaxis in liver surgery.
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Ainoa, Eppu, Uutela, Aki, Nordin, Arno, Mäkisalo, Heikki, and Sallinen, Ville
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PULMONARY embolism , *LIVER surgery , *UNIVERSITY hospitals , *HEMORRHAGE - Abstract
Thromboprophylaxis protocols in liver surgery vary greatly worldwide. Due to limited research, there is no consensus whether the administration of thromboprophylaxis should be initiated pre- or postoperatively. Patients undergoing liver resection in Helsinki University Hospital between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Initiation of thromboprophylaxis was changed in the institution in the beginning of 2016 from postoperative to preoperative. Patients were classified into two groups for analyses: thromboprophylaxis initiated preoperatively (Preop-group) or postoperatively (Postop-group). The incidences of VTE and haemorrhage within 30 days of surgery were compared between these groups. Patients with permanent anticoagulation were excluded. A total of 512 patients were included to the study (Preop, n = 253, Postop, n = 259). The incidence of VTE was significantly lower in the Preop-group compared to the Postop-group (3 (1.2%) vs. 25 (9.7%), P = <.0001), mainly due to a lower incidence of pulmonary embolisms in the Preop-group (3 (1.2%) vs. 24 (9.3%), P <.0001). The rates of posthepatectomy haemorrhage within 30 days of surgery were similar (Preop 38 (15.0%) vs. Postop 36 (13.9%), p =.719). Initiating thromboprophylaxis preoperatively may reduce the incidence of postoperative VTE without affecting the incidence of posthepatectomy haemorrhage in patients undergoing liver resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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121. Donor-specific antibodies after pediatric liver transplantation: a cross-sectional study of 50 patients.
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Kivelä, Jesper M., Kosola, Silja, Peräsaari, Juha, Mäkisalo, Heikki, Jalanko, Hannu, Holmberg, Christer, Pakarinen, Mikko P., and Lauronen, Jouni
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HLA histocompatibility antigens , *LIVER transplantation , *LIVER histology , *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. in children , *DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
The role of donor-specific HLA antibodies ( DSAs) after pediatric liver transplantation ( LT) is inadequately established. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of DSAs and their association with liver histology and biochemical variables after pediatric LT. Serum samples were drawn for HLA antibody analyses from 50 patients (76% of 66 eligible patients) operated on at age <18 years between 1987 and 2007 with a median of 10.0 (interquartile range 4.0-16.4) years after deceased donor LT. Mixed and single-antigen beads with Luminex were used for HLA antibody screening and detection. A mean fluorescence intensity ( MFI) value of 1000 was used for positive cutoff. Twenty-six patients (52%; 95% confidence interval ( CI) 39% to 65%) had DSAs. In 22 (85%) patients, DSAs were against class II HLA antigens with a mean (standard deviation) MFI of 13 481 (4727). The unadjusted prevalence ratio for portal inflammation in DSA-positive compared to DSA-negative patients ( n = 47; 9/24 vs. 1/23) was 8.6 (95% CI 1.6 to 50.9). Laboratory values at the time of study were comparable between DSA-positive and DSA-negative patients. In conclusion, approximately half of patients studied had DSAs after pediatric LT. Portal inflammation was associated with DSA positivity although the wide confidence interval around the ratio estimate warrants cautious interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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122. Infections in lung and heart transplant recipients : studies on the impact of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of respiratory infections and detection of viral infections in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
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Lehto, Juho, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Transplantation laboratory, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsingin yliopisto, lääketieteellinen tiedekunta, kliininen laitos, Helsingfors universitet, medicinska fakulteten, institutionen för klinisk medicin, Mäkisalo, Heikki, Halme, Maija, and Koskinen, Petri
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lääketiede - Abstract
Infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity after thoracic organ transplantation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the infectious complications after lung and heart transplantation, with a special emphasis on the usefulness of bronchoscopy and the demonstration of cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus (HHV)-6, and HHV-7. We reviewed all the consecutive bronchoscopies performed on heart transplant recipients (HTRs) from May 1988 to December 2001 (n = 44) and lung transplant recipients (LTRs) from February 1994 to November 2002 (n = 472). To compare different assays in the detection of CMV, a total of 21 thoracic organ transplant recipients were prospectively monitored by CMV pp65-antigenemia, DNAemia (PCR), and mRNAemia (NASBA) tests. The antigenemia test was the reference assay for therapeutic intervention. In addition to CMV antigenemia, 22 LTRs were monitored for HHV-6 and HHV-7 antigenemia. The diagnostic yield of the clinically indicated bronchoscopies was 41 % in the HTRs and 61 % in the LTRs. The utility of the bronchoscopy was highest from one to six months after transplantation. In contrast, the findings from the surveillance bronchoscopies performed on LTRs led to a change in the previous treatment in only 6 % of the cases. Pneumocystis carinii and CMV were the most commonly detected pathogens. Furthermore, 15 (65 %) of the P. carinii infections in the LTRs were detected during chemoprophylaxis. None of the complications of the bronchoscopies were fatal. Antigenemia, DNAemia, and mRNAemia were present in 98 %, 72 %, and 43 % of the CMV infections, respectively. The optimal DNAemia cut-off levels (sensitivity/specificity) were 400 (75.9/92.7 %), 850 (91.3/91.3 %), and 1250 (100/91.5 %) copies/ml for the antigenemia of 2, 5, and 10 pp65-positive leukocytes/50 000 leukocytes, respectively. The sensitivities of the NASBA were 25.9, 43.5, and 56.3 % in detecting the same cut-off levels. CMV DNAemia was detected in 93 % and mRNAemia in 61 % of the CMV antigenemias requiring antiviral therapy. HHV-6, HHV-7, and CMV antigenemia was detected in 20 (91 %), 11 (50 %), and 12 (55 %) of the 22 LTRs (median 16, 31, and 165 days), respectively. HHV-6 appeared in 15 (79 %), HHV-7 in seven (37 %), and CMV in one (7 %) of these patients during ganciclovir or valganciclovir prophylaxis. One case of pneumonitis and another of encephalitis were associated with HHV-6. In conclusion, bronchoscopy is a safe and useful diagnostic tool in LTRs and HTRs with a suspected respiratory infection, but the role of surveillance bronchoscopy in LTRs remains controversial. The PCR assay acts comparably with the antigenemia test in guiding the pre-emptive therapy against CMV when threshold levels of over 5 pp65-antigen positive leukocytes are used. In contrast, the low sensitivity of NASBA limits its usefulness. HHV-6 and HHV-7 activation is common after lung transplantation despite ganciclovir or valganciclovir prophylaxis, but clinical manifestations are infrequently linked to them. Keuhkon- ja sydämensiirtopotilailla infektiot ovat yleisiä ja ne aiheuttavat merkittävää kuolleisuutta. Infektioiden aiheuttajakirjo on laaja, joten hyvät menetelmät infektioiden diagnostiikassa ovat välttämättömiä. Tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa selvitettiin bronkoskopian käyttökelpoisuutta keuhkon- ja sydämensiirtopotilaiden infektiodiagnostiikassa, verrattiin sytomegalovirus(CMV)-infektioiden osoittamiseen käytettäviä menetelmiä näissä potilasryhmissä sekä tutkittiin ihmisen herpesvirusten 6 ja 7 (HHV-6 ja HHV-7) esiintymistä ja merkitystä keuhkonsiirtopotilailla. Tutkimme sydämensiirtopotilaille tehtyjen 44:n ja keuhkonsiirtopotilaille tehtyjen 472:n bronkoskopian tulokset. Seurasimme 21:tä keuhkon- tai sydämensiirron saanutta potilasta veren CMV-antigenemia-, DNAemia- (PCR) ja mRNAemia(NASBA)testein. CMV-infektioiden hoito perustui antigenemiatestiin, johon kahden muun testin tuloksia verrattiin. CMV antigenemiatestin lisäksi 22:ta keuhkonsiirtopotilasta seurattiin HHV-6:n ja HHV-7:n suhteen valkosolujen antigeenitestien avulla. Infektioepäilyn yhteydessä tehtyjen bronkoskopioiden näytteistä saatiin diagnoosi sydämensiirtopotilailla 41 %:ssa ja keuhkonsiirtopotilailla 61 %:ssa tapauksista. Bronkoskopia osoittautui hyödyllisimmäksi ajanjaksona yhdestä kuuteen kuukautta elinsiirrosta. Sen sijaan oireettomille keuhkonsiirtopotilaille tehtyjen ns. seuranta-bronkoskopioiden löydökset vaikuttivat potilaan hoitoon vain 6 %:ssa tapauksista. Yleisimmät bronkoskopianäytteissä todetut mikrobit olivat CMV ja Pneumocystis carinii, joka aiheutti infektioita keuhkonsiirtopotilailla yllättäen myös estolääkityksen aikana. Bronkoskopiaan liittyi vain harvoin merkittäviä komplikaatioita. Lääkehoitoa vaatineista CMV antigenemioista DNAemia-testi oli positiivinen 93 %:ssa ja mRNAemia-testi 61 %:ssa tapauksista. Antigenemia- ja DNAemia-testien tulokset korreloivat aineistossamme hyvin. Antigenemiatasoja 2, 5 ja 10 pp65-positiivista leukosyyttiä/50 000 leukosyyttiä vastaavat parhaan herkkyyden ja tarkkuuden summan tuottavat DNAemia (herkkyys/tarkkuus)-tasot olivat 400 (75.9 % / 92.7 %), 850 (91.3 % / 91.3 %) ja 1250 (100 % / 91.5 %) kopiota/ml. Näitä antigenemiatasoja vastaavat mRNAemia-testin herkkyydet olivat 25.9 %, 43.5 % ja 56.3 %. Keuhkonsiirtopotilaista 91 %:lla todettiin HHV-6 antigenemia ja 50 %:lla HHV-7 antigenemia. Molemmat virukset aktivoituivat yleensä n. kuukauden kuluessa keuhkonsiirron jälkeen. Yhdellä potilaalla HHV-6 viruksen aktivaatio assosioitui radiologisiin keuhkomuutoksiin ja toisella neurologisiin löydöksiin, mutta muutoin HHV-6 ja HHV-7 antigenemiaan ei voitu liittää selkeitä oireita. Gansikloviiri tai valgansikloviiri estolääkityksen aikana 15 potilaalla (79 %) todettiin HHV-6, seitsemällä (37 %) HHV-7 ja yhdellä (7 %) CMV antigenemia. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella bronkoskopia on turvallinen ja käyttökelpoinen menetelmä keuhkon- ja sydämensiirtopotilaiden infektioiden diagnostiikassa. Sen sijaan oireettomille keuhkonsiirtopotilaille tehtävien seuranta-bronkoskopioiden hyödyllisyys on kyseenalainen. CMV DNAemia-testi (PCR) vaikuttaa toimivan yhtä hyvin verrattuna CMV antigenemiatestiin, kun hoidon aloittamisen kynnysarvoina on käytetty yli 5 pp65-antigeenipositiiivista leukosyyttiä. Sitä vastoin NASBA-testin matala sensitiivisyys rajoittaa sen käyttöä. HHV-6 ja HHV-7 antigenemia on yleistä keuhkonsiirron jälkeen huolimatta CMV infektioita vastaan suunnatusta estolääkityksestä. Näiden virusten aktivaatioon liittyy kuitenkin harvoin selkeitä oireita tai löydöksiä.
- Published
- 2007
123. Polyarteritis nodosa with abdominal bleeding: imaging with PET/CT and angiography on the same day.
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Taimen K, Koskivirta I, Pirilä L, Mäkisalo H, Seppänen M, and Allonen T
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- 2024
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124. High immune cell infiltration predicts improved survival in cholangiocarcinoma.
- Author
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Wirta EV, Szeto S, Koppatz H, Nordin A, Mäkisalo H, Arola J, Sirén J, Ahtiainen M, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Sallinen V, and Seppälä TT
- Abstract
Background: Antitumoral immune response has a crucial role in constraining cancer. However, previous studies on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a rare and aggressive cancer, have reported contradictory findings on the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes. We aimed to clarify the effect of tumor-infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and PD-1/PD-L1 expression on CCA prognosis., Methods: CD3+, CD8+, and PD-1+ lymphocyte densities, as well as PD-L1 expression rate were analyzed from stained tissue microarray samples from the tumor center and invasive margin of 47 cholangiocarcinomas. The association of CD3+ and CD8+ based Immune cell score (ICS) and its components with overall survival was evaluated, adjusting for age, sex, TNM stage, radicality of surgery, tumor location, and PD-L1 expression on immune cells., Results: Low ICS was a strong independent prognostic factor for worse overall survival (Hazard ratio 9.27, 95% confidence interval 2.72-31.64, P<0.001). Among the ICS components, high CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration at the tumor center had the most evident impact on patient outcome. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on immune cells did not have a significant impact on overall survival alone; however, PD-L1 positivity seemed to impair survival for ICS
low subgroup., Conclusion: Identifying patient subgroups that could benefit from immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade may help improve treatment strategies for this aggressive cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of evaluating the immune contexture in cholangiocarcinoma, as ICS serves as a strong independent prognostic and selective factor for patients who might benefit from immunotherapy., Competing Interests: TS reports a consultation fee from Amgen Finland, and being a co-owner and CEO of Healthfund Finland Ltd, and the Clinical Advisory Board of LS Cancer Diag Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wirta, Szeto, Koppatz, Nordin, Mäkisalo, Arola, Sirén, Ahtiainen, Böhm, Mecklin, Sallinen and Seppälä.)- Published
- 2024
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125. NGS of brush cytology samples improves the detection of high-grade dysplasia and cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A retrospective and prospective study.
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Boyd S, Mustamäki T, Sjöblom N, Nordin A, Tenca A, Jokelainen K, Rantapero T, Liuksiala T, Lahtinen L, Kuopio T, Kytölä S, Mäkisalo H, Färkkilä M, and Arola J
- Subjects
- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) genetics, Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde adverse effects, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Cholangitis, Sclerosing complications, Cholangitis, Sclerosing diagnosis, Cholangitis, Sclerosing genetics, Bile Duct Neoplasms diagnosis, Bile Duct Neoplasms genetics, Cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis, Cholangiocarcinoma genetics
- Abstract
Background: Biliary dysplasia, a precursor of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), is a common complication of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Patients with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or early CCA who have received oncological treatment are candidates for liver transplantation. The preoperative diagnosis of CCA or HGD is challenging, and the sensitivity of biliary brush cytology (BC) is limited., Methods: By using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we retrospectively analyzed archived tissue samples (n=62) obtained from explanted liver tissue and CCA samples to identify oncogenic mutations that occur during primary sclerosing cholangitis carcinogenesis. BC samples were prospectively collected from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=97) referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography to measure the diagnostic utility of NGS combined with BC compared with traditional cytology alone., Results: Mutations in KRAS, GNAS, FLT3, RNF43, TP53, ATRX, and SMAD4 were detected in archived CCA or HGD samples. KRAS, GNAS, TP53, CDKN2A, FBXW7, BRAF, and ATM mutations were detected in prospectively collected brush samples from patients with histologically verified CCA or HGD. One patient with low-grade dysplasia in the explanted liver had KRAS and GNAS mutations in brush sample. No mutations were observed in brush samples or archived tissues in liver transplantation cases without biliary neoplasia. While KRAS mutations are common in biliary neoplasms, they were also observed in patients without biliary neoplasia during surveillance., Conclusions: In summary, NGS of BC samples increased the sensitivity of detecting biliary neoplasia compared with traditional cytology. Performing NGS on BC samples may help diagnose HGD or early CCA, benefiting the timing of liver transplantation., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)
- Published
- 2024
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126. The first 10 years of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in Finland.
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Ahopelto K, Sallinen V, Helanterä I, Bonsdorff A, Grasberger J, Beilmann-Lehtonen I, Mäkisalo H, Nordin A, Ortiz F, Savikko J, Tukiainen E, Uutela A, Ekstrand A, and Lempinen M
- Subjects
- Humans, Finland, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Graft Survival, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Pancreas Transplantation adverse effects
- Abstract
Introduction: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) is an option for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and kidney failure but can be associated with a high complication rate. Here we describe our 10-year experience since the launch of the SPK program., Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with T1D receiving SPK from March 14, 2010 to March 14, 2020 at Helsinki University Hospital. Portocaval anastomosis (i.e., systemic venous drainage) and enteric exocrine drainage were used. A specific team was trained for both pancreas retrieval and transplantation, postoperative care was standardized to include somatostatin analogues, antimicrobial treatment, and preoperatively initiated chemothrombopropylaxis. During program maturation donor criteria were expanded and logistical processes improved to minimize cold ischemia time. Clinical data were collected from a nationwide transplantation registry and patient records., Results: A total of 166 SPKs were performed (median 2 per year in the first 3 years, 17.5 per year for the following 4 years, and 23 per year for the past 3 years). Seven patients (4.1%) died with a functioning graft with a median 43 months follow-up. One-year pancreas graft survival was 97.0%, 3-year pancreas graft survival was 96.1% and 5-year was 96.1%. Mean HbA1c was 36 mmol/mol (SD 5.57) and creatinine was 107 μmol/L (SD 34.69) at 1-year after transplantation. All kidney grafts were functioning at the end of follow-up. Complications required re-laparotomy in 39 (23%) patients, mostly due to a pancreas graft related problem (N = 28). No pancreas or kidney graft failure from thrombosis occurred., Conclusion: A planned, step-wise development of an SPK program offers a safe and effective treatment for patients with T1D and kidney failure., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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127. Characteristics, management and outcomes of choledochal malformations in Finnish adult patients.
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Hyvärinen I, Hukkinen M, Kivisaari R, Kylänpää L, Nordin A, Mäkisalo H, and Pakarinen MP
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Finland epidemiology, Common Bile Duct, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Choledochal Cyst surgery, Choledochal Cyst complications
- Abstract
Conclusions: Nearly half of operated patients developed long-term postoperative complications. A novel association between CMs and IBD was observed. Although no hepatobiliary malignancies regardless of treatment modality were encountered, the number of patients and length of follow-up remained limited.
- Published
- 2023
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128. Potential for intestinal transplantation after acute mesenteric ischemia in patients aged less than 70 years: A population-based study.
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Lemma A, Pikkarainen S, Pohju A, Tolonen M, Mentula P, Vikatmaa P, Leppäniemi A, Mäkisalo H, and Sallinen V
- Subjects
- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Intestine, Small surgery, Necrosis etiology, Mesenteric Ischemia surgery, Mesenteric Ischemia complications, Short Bowel Syndrome surgery, Short Bowel Syndrome complications
- Abstract
Background and Objective: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) has a high mortality rate due to the development of bowel necrosis. Patients are often ruled outside active care if a large proportion of small bowel is necrotic. With the development of treatment for short bowel syndrome (SBS) and intestinal transplantation methods, long-term survival is possible even after extensive small bowel resections. This study aims to assess the incidence of SBS and potentially suitable candidates for intestinal transplantation among patients treated for AMI., Methods: This population-based retrospective study comprised patients aged less than 70 years and diagnosed with AMI between January 2006 and October 2020 in Helsinki and Uusimaa health care district, Finland., Results: Altogether, AMI was diagnosed in 711 patients, of whom 133 (19%) were aged below 70. An intervention was performed in 110 (83%) patients. Of these 133 patients, 16 (12%) were ruled outside active treatment due to extensive small bowel necrosis at exploratory laparotomy, of whom 6 (5%) were potentially suitable for intestinal transplantation. Two patients were considered as potential candidates for intestinal transplantation at bowel resection but died of AMI. Nine (7%) patients needed parenteral nutrition after resection, and two of them (2%) developed SBS. Only one patient needed long-term parenteral nutrition after hospital discharge. This patient remained dependent on parenteral nutrition but died before evaluation of intestinal transplantation could be carried out while the other patient was able to return to enteral nutrition., Conclusions: A small number of patients with AMI below 70 years of age are potentially eligible for intestinal transplantation.
- Published
- 2023
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129. Gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts macrovesicular liver graft steatosis - an analysis of discarded liver allografts in Finland.
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Savikko J, Åberg F, Tukiainen E, Nordin A, Mäkisalo H, Arola J, and Isoniemi H
- Subjects
- Humans, Allografts, Finland epidemiology, gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Living Donors, Liver Transplantation, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Abstract
Objective: Liver-transplantation activity is limited by the shortage of grafts. Donor-liver macrovesicular steatosis predisposes to ischemia-reperfusion injury and is associated with reduced graft survival. The increasing prevalence of fatty-liver disease underlines the importance of identifying macrovesicular steatosis in potential donor livers. We analyzed liver grafts discarded for transplantation, and particularly the role of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in predicting graft steatosis., Methods: One-hundred sixty rejected cadaveric-donor liver grafts were studied. Donor selection was based on clinical data, and macroscopic graft inspection. Discarded grafts were biopsied at procurement of non-liver organs., Results: The most common reasons for discarding the graft were abnormal liver tests, ultrasound-verified steatosis and history of harmful alcohol use. GGT correlated moderately with macrovesicular steatosis ( r = 0.52, p < 0.001), but poorly with microvesicular steatosis ( r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Increased correlation between GGT and macrovesicular steatosis was observed among alcohol abusers ( r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Area under the curve (AUC) of GGT for predicting >30% macrovesicular steatosis was 0.79 (95% CI 0.71-0.88), and for >60% steatosis, 0.79 (95% CI 0.68-0.90). The optimal GGT-cut off for detecting >30% and >60% macrovesicular steatosis were, respectively, 66 U/L (sensitivity 76% and specificity 68%) and 142 U/L (sensitivity 66% and specificity 83%). Among alcohol users, a GGT value >90 U/L showed 100% sensitivity for >60% macrovesicular steatosis. AUC for GGT in predicting fibrosis Stages 2-4 was 0.82 (95% CI 0.71-0.92, p < 0.001, optimal cut off 68, sensitivity 92%, specificity 61%)., Conclusions: Abnormal liver values, steatosis and harmful alcohol use were the main reasons for discarding liver-graft offers in Finland. GGT proved useful in predicting moderate and severe liver graft macrovesicular steatosis.
- Published
- 2023
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130. Outcomes and quality of life after major bile duct injury in long-term follow-up.
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Koppatz H, Sallinen V, Mäkisalo H, and Nordin A
- Subjects
- Bile Ducts surgery, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Bile Duct Diseases, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Introduction: Recently new standards for reporting outcomes of bile duct injury (BDI) have been proposed. It is unclear how these treatment outcomes are reflected in quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to report outcomes and QOL after repair of major BDI and compare repairs by hepatobiliary surgeon to repairs by non-hepatobiliary surgeons., Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients treated for major (Strasberg E-type) BDI after cholecystectomy at a tertiary hepatobiliary center. Outcomes were assessed using Cho-Strasberg proposed standards. QOL was assessed using Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the gastrointestinal QOL-index (GIQLI). Patients undergoing uneventful cholecystectomy matched by age, urgency, and duration of follow-up were used as controls., Results: Fifty-two patients with major BDI treated between 2000 and 2016 were included (42% male, median age 53 years). Thirty-seven (71%) patients attained primary patency (29 (83%) if primarily operated by a hepatobiliary surgeon). Actuarial primary patency rate (grade A result) at 1, 3, and 5 years was 58%, 56%, and 53% in the whole cohort, and 83%, 80%, and 80% in patients primary treated by a hepatobiliary surgeon, respectively. At 3-year follow-up 6 (11.5%) patients obtained grade B, 10 (19.2%) grade C, and 7 (13.5%) grade D result. QOL was similar in patients with BDI and controls (median SF-36 physical component 51.7 and 53.6, p = 1.0, mental component 53.3 and 53.4, p = 1.0, GIQLI 109.0 and 123.0, p = 0.174, respectively) at median 90 (IQR 70-116) months from cholecystectomy. QOL was similar regardless of outcome grade., Conclusion: First attempt to repair a severe BDI should be undertaken by a hepatobiliary surgeon. However, long-term QOL is not affected even by severe BDI, and QOL is not associated with the grade of the outcome.
- Published
- 2021
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131. Long-term Morbidity of Choledochal Malformations in Children.
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Hyvärinen I, Hukkinen M, Kivisaari R, Parviainen H, Mäkisalo H, Koivusalo A, and Pakarinen M
- Subjects
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Morbidity, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Retrospective Studies, Choledochal Cyst diagnostic imaging, Choledochal Cyst epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess long-term morbidity in children operated for choledochal malformation (CM) by relating clinical complications to liver histopathology, follow-up imaging, liver stiffness, and biochemistry., Methods: A single-center retrospective follow-up study including all CM patients (n = 55, 71% girls) treated during 1976 to 2018 was performed. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman rank correlation were used for statistical analyses., Results: During median follow-up of 5.8 (interquartile range, 2.5-12) years, 1 patient was lost to follow-up whereas all survived. Intraoperative liver biopsies showed fibrosis in 32%, and patients with Metavir stage ≥2 were younger at surgery (0.36 [0.11-1.9] vs 3.8 [0.72-10.5] years, P = 0.024) than those without fibrosis. Overall, 21% had long-term complications including cholangitis in 9 (>2 episodes in 5) patients, anastomotic stricture in 2 referred patients and adhesive volvulus or hepatocellular carcinoma in 1 each. Anastomotic strictures were successfully managed nonoperatively and hepatocellular carcinoma with thermoablation. In postoperative magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP) performed 6.4 (3.6-16) years after hepaticojejunostomy, diameters of both main intrahepatic ducts had decreased significantly to 3.0 (2.5-3.5) mm (P = 0.0001) but a distal cyst stump was remaining in 30% with a length of 6.0 (4.0-20) mm that associated with operation age (r = 0.71, P = 0.015) and fusiform CM type. Follow-up ultrasound revealed mild dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts in 6.3% and mildly to moderately elevated liver biochemistry in 23%, and liver stiffness (>7 kPa) in 22%., Conclusions: Whilst cholangitis was the most common postoperative problem, individual patients experienced other more significant complications and one quarter of patients showed evidence of underlying liver dysfunction., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)
- Published
- 2021
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132. mTOR Inhibition Is Most Beneficial After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Active Tumors.
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Schnitzbauer AA, Filmann N, Adam R, Bachellier P, Bechstein WO, Becker T, Bhoori S, Bilbao I, Brockmann J, Burra P, Chazoullières O, Cillo U, Colledan M, Duvoux C, Ganten TM, Gugenheim J, Heise M, van Hoek B, Jamieson N, de Jong KP, Klein CG, Klempnauer J, Kneteman N, Lerut J, Mäkisalo H, Mazzaferro V, Mirza DF, Nadalin S, Neuhaus P, Pageaux GP, Pinna AD, Pirenne J, Pratschke J, Powel J, Rentsch M, Rizell M, Rossi G, Rostaing L, Roy A, Scholz T, Settmacher U, Soliman T, Strasser S, Söderdahl G, Troisi RI, Turrión VS, Schlitt HJ, and Geissler EK
- Subjects
- Aged, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular mortality, Female, Humans, Intention to Treat Analysis, Liver Neoplasms mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Survival Rate, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular surgery, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Liver Neoplasms surgery, Liver Transplantation mortality, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local prevention & control, Sirolimus therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival benefit of sirolimus in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (exploratory analysis of the SiLVER-trial)., Summary and Background Data: Patients receiving LT) for HCC are at a high risk for tumor recurrence. Calcineurin inhibitors have shown evidence to promote cancer growth, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors like sirolimus have anticancer effects. In the SiLVER-trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00355862), the effect of sirolimus on the recurrence of HCC after LT was investigated in a prospective randomized trial. Although the primary endpoint of improved disease-free survival (DFS) with sirolimus was not met, outcomes were improved for patients in the sirolimus-treatment arm in the first 3 to 5 years. To learn more about the key variables, a multivariate analysis was performed on the SiLVER-trial data., Patients and Methods: Data from 508 patients of the intention-to-treat analysis were included in exploratory univariate and multivariate models for overall survival (OS), DFS and a competing risk analysis for HCC recurrence., Results: Sirolimus use for ≥3 months after LT for HCC independently reduced the hazard for death in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR): 0.7 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.52-0.96, P = 0.02). Most strikingly, patients with an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥10 ng/mL and having used sirolimus for ≥3 months, benefited most with regard to OS, DFS, and HCC-recurrence (HR: 0.49-0.59, P = 0.0079-0.0245)., Conclusions: mTOR-inhibitor treatment with sirolimus for ≥3 months improves outcomes in LT for HCC, especially in patients with AFP-evidence of higher tumor activity, advocating particularly for mTOR inhibitor use in this subgroup of patients., Clinical Trial Registration: EudraCT: 2005-005362-36 CLINICALTRIALS.GOV:: NCT00355862.
- Published
- 2020
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133. The Helsinki approach to face transplantation.
- Author
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Lindford AJ, Mäkisalo H, Jalanko H, Lauronen J, Anttila VJ, Juteau S, Ämmälä AJ, Eskola A, Saarni S, Isoniemi H, Mäkitie A, and Lassus P
- Subjects
- Adult, Algorithms, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Care Team economics, Patient Care Team ethics, Patient Care Team legislation & jurisprudence, Treatment Outcome, Facial Transplantation, Patient Care Team organization & administration
- Abstract
Aim: We herein describe the establishment of the Helsinki Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) program and its execution in the first two face transplant cases., Methods & Patients: The Helsinki VCA program initially required the fulfillment of legal, hospital, financial, and ethical requirements. Thereafter, the assembling of a multidisciplinary team commenced. A team of Plastic, maxillofacial and ENT surgeons comprise the facial VCA team. The protocol involves collaboration with the Solid Organ Transplant (SOT) team, transplant immunology, immunosuppression, microbiology, psychiatric evaluation, well-defined VCA indications and informed consent. Between 2011 and 2017 two patients were selected for transplantation. Both patients had a severe composite facial deformity involving the maxilla and mandible following earlier ballistic injury., Results: Patient 1 was a 35 year-old male who underwent successful near total face transplantation in February 2016 and at 30 months he has a good aesthetic outcome with symmetrical restoration of the central face and good sensory and symmetrical motor functional outcomes. Patient 2 was a 58 year-old male who underwent full face transplantation in March 2018 and at 5 months he has recovered without major problems., Conclusion: A successful facial VCA program requires a well-prepared research protocol, experts from multiple specialties and careful patient selection. The establishment of the Helsinki VCA program required long and thorough planning and resulted in the first two Nordic face transplantation cases. This protocol now forms the platform (as a proof of concept) for other types of vascularized composite allotransplantations., (Copyright © 2018 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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134. Liver trauma in a young woman.
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Saarinen T and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Transfusion, Female, Fluid Therapy, Horses, Humans, Resuscitation methods, Young Adult, Accidental Falls, Conservative Treatment, Liver injuries
- Abstract
A young woman fell off a horse, leaving her right flank contused by a hoof. This resulted in a severe liver trauma that seemed to require surgical treatment. After fluid resuscitation and five units of red blood cells the patient's status, however, stabilized upon entering the operating room. The operation was avoided, but intensive care follow-up was continued for six days. The patient made a complete recovery. Conservative treatment of liver trauma is successful in 90% of mild and almost 70% in severe traumas.
- Published
- 2017
135. Post-transplant Merkel Cell Carcinoma.
- Author
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Koljonen V, Sahi H, Böhling T, and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell epidemiology, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell therapy, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Polyomavirus immunology, Polyomavirus pathogenicity, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Skin Neoplasms virology, Treatment Outcome, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell immunology, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell virology, Immunocompromised Host, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Organ Transplantation adverse effects, Skin Neoplasms immunology
- Abstract
Malignant tumours are the foremost complications of immunosuppressive treatment. They are a major challenge for organ transplant recipients and their treating physicians. This paper reviews the aetiology and current treatment of an unusual neuroendocrine skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), caused by a Merkel cell polyomavirus infection. MCC occurs more frequently than expected in immunosuppressed subjects, especially in organ transplant recipients. The current literature comprises reports of 79 organ transplant recipients with MCC. The risk of MCC in organ transplant recipients is increased up to 66-182-fold compared with the general population. In addition to the increased risk of developing MCC, immunosuppressed individuals have poorer MCC-specific survival. The aim of this review article is to familiarize organ transplant doctors with this unique and clinically challenging skin cancer, and to provide recent data on the diagnosis and current treatment recommendations for an immunosuppressed population.
- Published
- 2016
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136. [Prophylactic platelet transfusions].
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Ilmakunnas M, Remes K, Hiippala S, Mäkisalo H, and Åberg F
- Subjects
- Finland, Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors adverse effects, Thrombocytopenia complications, Thrombocytopenia therapy, Hemorrhage prevention & control, Platelet Transfusion statistics & numerical data, Surgical Procedures, Operative
- Abstract
The consumption of platelet products in Finland is exceptionally high. For the most part, platelets are transfused pre-operatively to thrombocytopenic patients in order to prevent hemorrhage. Most of the minor procedures could, however, be conducted even if the patients'platelet levels would be lower than usual. In cardiac surgery, platelets are used because of the hemorrhagic diathesis associated with platelet inhibitors. Platelet inhibitors will, however, also bind to transfused platelets, whereby instead of prophylactic platelet transfusions it would be more sensible to leave the thorax open and not carry out ineffective platelet transfusions until the effect of the inhibitors has run out. We outline the prophylactic use of platelets based on recent international clinical practice guidelines.
- Published
- 2016
137. What to do when I find a focal lesion in the liver?
- Author
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Mäkisalo H and Lantto E
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neoplasm Metastasis, Liver Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
A focal lesion in a healthy liver of a person not having cancer is almost always benign. Diagnosis is often achieved on the basis of anamnesis and imaging findings. A histologic specimen is required in the case of suspected malignant tumor or hepatocellular adenoma. Magnetic resonance imaging is the primary investigation for an unresolved focal lesion of a cancer patient, and the histologic specimen will, when necessary, be taken only after this. Early detection of metastases of colorectal cancer in particular is important, since metastases that have spread to the liver or lungs may be operable. A focal lesion in a cirrhotic liver is either a regenerative nodule or hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Published
- 2016
138. [Dangerous animals].
- Author
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Koljonen V, Söderlund T, Mäkisalo H, and Gissler M
- Subjects
- Accidents, Traffic, Animals, Finland epidemiology, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Wounds and Injuries epidemiology, Horses, Wounds and Injuries etiology
- Abstract
Contacts between humans and animals inevitably involve encounters possibly resulting in the human being injured. During the period of 2000 to 2014 almost 90 people died in this kind of conflict in Finland. Of these deaths, one third were associated with horses. In addition, over the same period 85 people died in traffic accidents in which an animal was hit by a car. Accidents requiring hospitalization occurred for approx. 8 000 people.
- Published
- 2016
139. Sirolimus Use in Liver Transplant Recipients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label Phase 3 Trial.
- Author
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Geissler EK, Schnitzbauer AA, Zülke C, Lamby PE, Proneth A, Duvoux C, Burra P, Jauch KW, Rentsch M, Ganten TM, Schmidt J, Settmacher U, Heise M, Rossi G, Cillo U, Kneteman N, Adam R, van Hoek B, Bachellier P, Wolf P, Rostaing L, Bechstein WO, Rizell M, Powell J, Hidalgo E, Gugenheim J, Wolters H, Brockmann J, Roy A, Mutzbauer I, Schlitt A, Beckebaum S, Graeb C, Nadalin S, Valente U, Turrión VS, Jamieson N, Scholz T, Colledan M, Fändrich F, Becker T, Söderdahl G, Chazouillères O, Mäkisalo H, Pageaux GP, Steininger R, Soliman T, de Jong KP, Pirenne J, Margreiter R, Pratschke J, Pinna AD, Hauss J, Schreiber S, Strasser S, Klempnauer J, Troisi RI, Bhoori S, Lerut J, Bilbao I, Klein CG, Königsrainer A, Mirza DF, Otto G, Mazzaferro V, Neuhaus P, and Schlitt HJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Australia, Canada, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular mortality, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Disease Progression, Disease-Free Survival, Drug Therapy, Combination, Europe, Female, Humans, Intention to Treat Analysis, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Liver Neoplasms mortality, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular surgery, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Liver Neoplasms surgery, Liver Transplantation adverse effects, Liver Transplantation mortality, Sirolimus therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: We investigated whether sirolimus-based immunosuppression improves outcomes in liver transplantation (LTx) candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: In a prospective-randomized open-label international trial, 525 LTx recipients with HCC initially receiving mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor-free immunosuppression were randomized 4 to 6 weeks after transplantation into a group on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor-free immunosuppression (group A: 264 patients) or a group incorporating sirolimus (group B: 261). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS); intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted after 8 years. Overall survival (OS) was a secondary endpoint., Results: Recurrence-free survival was 64.5% in group A and 70.2% in group B at study end, this difference was not significant (P = 0.28; hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.62; 1.15). In a planned analysis of RFS rates at yearly intervals, group B showed better outcomes 3 years after transplantation (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.48-1.00). Similarly, OS (P = 0.21; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.58-1.13) was not statistically better in group B at study end, but yearly analyses showed improvement out to 5 years (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.49-1.00). Interestingly, subgroup (Milan Criteria-based) analyses revealed that low-risk, rather than high-risk, patients benefited most from sirolimus; furthermore, younger recipients (age ≤60) also benefited, as well sirolimus monotherapy patients. Serious adverse event numbers were alike in groups A (860) and B (874)., Conclusions: Sirolimus in LTx recipients with HCC does not improve long-term RFS beyond 5 years. However, a RFS and OS benefit is evident in the first 3 to 5 years, especially in low-risk patients. This trial provides the first high-level evidence base for selecting immunosuppression in LTx recipients with HCC.
- Published
- 2016
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140. [Chronic liver disease and thrombosis risk].
- Author
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Aberg F, Lassila R, Ilmakunnas M, Jokelainen K, Numminen K, and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Blood Coagulation Disorders complications, Blood Coagulation Disorders drug therapy, Chronic Disease, Humans, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Portal Vein, Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic, Venous Thrombosis etiology, Venous Thrombosis therapy
- Abstract
The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease involves elevated risks for thrombosis in the portal vein and extra-splanchic sites. Hypercoagulability may moreover accelerate liver fibrosis progression. Cirrhosis-related portal vein thrombosis is associated with decompensation events and inferior prognosis; anticoagulation therapy achieves complete recanalization in -40% of recent thromboses and prevents thrombosis progression in chronic cases. Standard thrombosis prophylaxis seems appropriate for hospitalized cirrhotic patients. This review provides practical guidance to tailoring anticoagulation therapy in cirrhosis according to individual bleeding risk. We also propose an algorithm for using anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in the treatment of cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis.
- Published
- 2015
141. [Parenteral nutrition--temporary and permanent treatment].
- Author
-
Bäcklund M and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Aged, Energy Intake, Humans, Nutrition Disorders diet therapy, Parenteral Nutrition methods
- Abstract
Enteral nutrition of an elderly patient having ended up in hospital or intensive care and suffering from malnutrition should be started as soon as it is technically possible. If less than 60% of the estimated energy need is fulfilled during the first week of treatment, parenteral nutrition should also be initiated. Multi-chamber bags are the most effective means to provide energy and nutrients via the central vein. To reduce the risk of liver damage, parenteral nutrition is upon prolongation recommended to be administered periodically. Weight monitoring is important in order to observe the effect of the treatment and the possible accumulation of fluid load.
- Published
- 2014
142. [Cytology is in pivotal role at screening and surveillance of PSC].
- Author
-
Boyd S, Arola J, Mäkisalo H, and Färkkilä M
- Subjects
- Bile Duct Neoplasms pathology, Bile Duct Neoplasms prevention & control, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, Cholangiocarcinoma pathology, Cholangiocarcinoma prevention & control, Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde, Cholangitis, Sclerosing epidemiology, Cholangitis, Sclerosing pathology, Cholangitis, Sclerosing therapy, Finland epidemiology, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Liver Transplantation, Population Surveillance, Cholangitis, Sclerosing diagnosis, Cytological Techniques methods
- Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune disease leading to biliary strictures and inflammation. The lifetime risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) among PSC patients is 7-13%, and biliary dysplasia is thought to be a precursor lesion for CCA. The diagnosis of PSC is based on endoscopic retrogradic cholangiography (ERC). During ERC brush cytology samples are routinely taken in our unit to detect possible biliary dysplasia. With repeated cytological dysplasia, liver transplantation is considered. Aneuploidy in DNA flow cytometry may support the suspicion of dysplasia. PSC is the most common indication for liver transplantation in Finland, and half of transplantations are prophylactic.
- Published
- 2014
143. [Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient with an adenocarcinoma of the colon].
- Author
-
Nikkilä K, Mäkisalo H, and Virolainen S
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma drug therapy, Adenocarcinoma surgery, Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Colonic Neoplasms surgery, Contrast Media, Hematuria complications, Humans, Liver Neoplasms secondary, Liver Neoplasms surgery, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous drug therapy, Whole Body Imaging, Adenocarcinoma complications, Colonic Neoplasms complications, Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous complications
- Abstract
Association of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis with colon carcinoma has occasionally been reported. We report a case of acute cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis that developed over two weeks after liver resection due to metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma. The primary tumor had earlier been resected and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No actual infection was found and the medication was not changed recently except for the prophylaxis cephalosporin for five days at the time of liver resection. The patient received corticosteroid therapy and had remission of vasculitis at one month control but still ongoing haematuria. Eight months after liver resection colonoscopy, contrast enhanced whole-body computed tomography, tumour markers and urine red cell count showed no significant findings.
- Published
- 2013
144. [Fire in the operating room].
- Author
-
Koljonen V and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Gases, Hazardous Substances, Hot Temperature, Humans, Risk Factors, Fires, Operating Rooms
- Abstract
This article reviews the recent literature on operating room fires. Most of the reported cases have occurred from a spark from an ignition source in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Fire requires the presence of three components which all are ample in the operating room: heat, flammable materials or flammable gases.
- Published
- 2013
145. [Kidney transplantation from a living donor: criteria for donor and recipient].
- Author
-
Mäkelä S, Honkanen E, Isoniemi H, Jalanko H, Koskinen P, Kyllönen L, Lempinen M, Mäkisalo H, Tertti R, Salmela K, and Saha H
- Subjects
- Brain Death, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Finland, Humans, Kidney Transplantation economics, Prognosis, Quality of Life, Renal Dialysis economics, Tissue and Organ Procurement organization & administration, Waiting Lists, Kidney Transplantation statistics & numerical data, Living Donors
- Abstract
The annual number of kidney transplantations in Finland is 150 to 200. Successful kidney transplantation improves the patient's quality of life and prognosis and is cost-effective as compared with dialytic therapy. Only a few per cent of transplantations are made from a living donor. Waiting times for kidney transplantations have become longer in the last few years. Whereas attempts should be made to better identify potential brain-dead organ donors in order to increase kidney transplantations, transplantations from living donors could also reduce the disproportion between the availability and the need of organs.
- Published
- 2013
146. [Extracorporeal blood purification for poisonings].
- Author
-
Haapio M, Koivusalo A, and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Finland epidemiology, Hemodiafiltration, Humans, Poisoning epidemiology, Hemoperfusion, Poisoning therapy, Renal Dialysis
- Abstract
Most poisonings that have resulted in hospitalization in Finland are alcohol, drug or mixed poisonings of adults. If the quantity of the drug or the poison is high or organ injury is anticipated, the patients may require extracorporeal blood purification in order to eliminate the substance or its metabolic products from the circulation. Hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration are used as the treatment, if the substance having caused the poisoning is water-soluble, binds to proteins only to a small extent, and has a low molecular weight and small distribution of volume. Fat-soluble substances are eliminated by using hemoperfusion, those having bound to proteins by using albumin dialysis.
- Published
- 2012
147. [Liver disease and hemostasis--evaluation of bleeding risk].
- Author
-
Aberg F, Lassila R, Koivusalo AM, Numminen K, Nuutinen H, and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Blood Coagulation Tests, Humans, Liver Diseases complications, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Hemorrhage diagnosis, Hemorrhage etiology, Hemorrhage prevention & control, Hemostasis, Liver Diseases physiopathology
- Abstract
In severe liver disease, simultaneous abnormalities in procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways seem to maintain the hemostatic balance, provided that the platelet level is sufficient. Common coagulation screening tests such as INR fail to measure the concomitant anticoagulant deficiencies and fibrinolytic abnormalities, and do not predict bleeding in patients with compensated liver disease undergoing invasive procedures. Thus, specific INR cut-off levels and prophylactic use of fresh-frozen plasma are discouraged. Volume expansion, hemodynamic disruption, endothelial dysfunction, and infections increase the bleeding risk. Individualized bleeding risk assessment mandates evaluation of the patient's clinical condition and a comprehensive assessment of the hemostatic system.
- Published
- 2012
148. [Wilson's disease].
- Author
-
Moilanen V and Mäkisalo H
- Subjects
- Copper metabolism, Hepatolenticular Degeneration therapy, Humans, Liver metabolism, Hepatolenticular Degeneration diagnosis
- Abstract
Wilson's disease is a disorder of the liver's copper metabolism. Accumulation of copper causes liver and central nervous system damage. Wilson's disease should always be suspected, when a liver disease is detected in a child or an adolescent. The disease may also manifest itself as severe neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders. The diagnosis is often delayed despite the fact that the accumulation of copper in the body can be shown by various means. Early started medication will stop the accumulation of copper into the body. If the treatment is delayed or ineffective, liver transplantation is required.
- Published
- 2010
149. Best cases from the AFIP: biliary papillomatosis.
- Author
-
Antila KM, Mäkisalo H, Arola J, and Numminen K
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Bile Duct Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Papilloma diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. [Not Available].
- Author
-
Mäkisalo H
- Published
- 2006
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