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Nonlinear fractional evolution equations play a crucial role in characterizing assorted complex nonlinear phenomena observed in different scientific fields, including plasma physics, quantum mechanics, elastic media, nonlinear optics, surface water waves, nonlinear dynamics, molecular biology, and some other domains. In this study, we investigate diverse solitary wave solutions to the space–time fractional modified Equal Width equation, focusing on their significance for wave propagation behaviors in plasma and optical fiber systems. Two effective approaches, namely the improved Bernoulli sub-equation function and the new generalized (G′/G)-expansion methods are exploited. A fractional wave transformation technique is employed to convert the fractional-order equation into an ordinary differential equation. The solitary wave solutions obtained in terms of exponential, hyperbolic, rational, and trigonometric functions, have wide applications in various nonlinear phenomena. The 3D, spherical, contour, and vector plots are presented to elucidate the physical implications of the obtained solutions for specific parameter values. The soliton structures reveal various wave types, including bell-shaped, multi-soliton, kink, single soliton, anti-bell-shaped, periodic soliton, compacton, and other types for definite values of the free parameters. We compare the attained solutions with the solutions available in the literature to demonstrate the feasibility of the solutions. It is observed that both approaches are efficient, straightforward, and significant for investigating diverse nonlinear models that modulate complex phenomena.

Propagation of the pressure waves in a liquid with gas bubbles is an important topic in the field of fluid dynamics and mathematical physics. The Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation is one of the models that describe the propagation of nonlinear waves in a bubbly liquid taking into consideration the viscosity of the liquid and the heat transfer. To explain such behaviors, we mainly focus in this study to explain the dynamics of localized waves and their variety of interaction solutions to a dimensionally reduced (2 + 1)-dimensional Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation with the aid of the Hirota bilinear method from N-soliton solutions. Four different forms of localized waves, including solitons, lumps, breathers, and rogues, are derived from the aforesaid equation based on the long wave limit approach. In particular, the localized waves can be used to find interaction solutions, which are the single breather or single lump formed by two solitons; interaction between one line soliton and one breather, as well as one line soliton and one lump soliton among the three solitons; interaction of the two-line soliton and one periodic breather, two periodic breathers, periodic breather and one lump soliton from the four solitons. The direction of propagation, phase shifts, shape, energy, and the variety of interaction solutions of localized waves are affected by these parameters. Moreover, analytical and graphical illustrations of these interaction solutions and their propagation properties are shown by the three-dimensional and density plots with the help of Maple 17. These newly discovered solutions in this study can be used to illustrate the interaction phenomenon of localized waves on ocean surfaces.

In this article, we investigated the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and superconducting state properties of the trichalcogenides, MTe3(M = Hf, Zr) compounds using the density functional theory. Electronic energy dispersion curves demonstrate that the title compounds are metallic in nature, with a significant contribution from the Te atom. The technologically important mechanical properties (stiffness constant, elastic moduli, brittle/ductile behavior, Poisson’s ratio, elastic anisotropy, machinability index, and hardness) are thoroughly examined and addressed. The value of Pugh’s ratio indicates the ductility (brittleness) of ZrTe3 (HfTe3). The Vickers hardness value is 0.86 and 0.54 GPa for MTe3 (M = Hf, Zr), respectively, which confirms their softness. The value of lattice thermal conductivity (in W m−1 K−1) for HfTe3 (3.64) and ZrTe3 (2.36) is low due to significant phonon scattering as confirmed by the Grüneisen parameter study. The optical constants were computed, which confirmed the strong optical anisotropy of MTe3 (M = Hf, Zr). For ZrTe3, with the electric field polarization along the [100] direction, the highest reflectivity (51.36%) is obtained compared to HfTe3 (45.21%). This shows promise for application as a radiative heat reflector of these two compounds. The superconducting state properties, such as London penetration depth, coherence length, Ginzburg–Landau parameter, and electron–phonon coupling parameters are estimated and discussed. The value of electron–phonon coupling parameters suggests that both compounds are moderately coupled superconductors.

OBJECTIVE:Impaired expansion of peripheral fat contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We aimed to identify novel disease-gene interactions during adipocyte differentiation. METHODS:Genes in disease-associated loci for T2D, adiposity and insulin resistance were ranked according to expression in human adipocytes. The top 125 genes were ablated in human pre-adipocytes via CRISPR/CAS9 and the resulting cellular phenotypes quantified during adipocyte differentiation with high-content microscopy and automated image analysis. Morphometric measurements were extracted from all images and used to construct morphologic profiles for each gene. RESULTS:Over 107 morphometric measurements were obtained. Clustering of the morphologic profiles accross all genes revealed a group of 14 genes characterized by decreased lipid accumulation, and enriched for known lipodystrophy genes. For two lipodystrophy genes, BSCL2 and AGPAT2, sub-clusters with PLIN1 and CEBPA identifed by morphological similarity were validated by independent experiments as novel protein-protein and gene regulatory interactions. CONCLUSIONS:A morphometric approach in adipocytes can resolve multiple cellular mechanisms for metabolic disease loci; this approach enables mechanistic interrogation of the hundreds of metabolic disease loci whose function still remains unknown.

Background: The safe use of radiotherapy (RT) requires compliance with dose/volume constraints (DVCs) for organs at risk (OaRs). However, the available recommendations are sometimes conflicting and scattered across a number of different documents. Therefore, the aim of this work is to provide, in a single document, practical indications on DVCs for OaRs in external beam RT available in the literature. Material and Methods: A multidisciplinary team collected bibliographic information on the anatomical definition of OaRs, on the imaging methods needed for their definition, and on DVCs in general and in specific settings (curative RT of Hodgkin’s lymphomas, postoperative RT of breast tumors, curative RT of pediatric cancers, stereotactic ablative RT of ventricular arrythmia). The information provided in terms of DVCs was graded based on levels of evidence. Results: Over 650 papers/documents/websites were examined. The search results, together with the levels of evidence, are presented in tabular form. Conclusions: A working tool, based on collected guidelines on DVCs in different settings, is provided to help in daily clinical practice of RT departments. This could be a first step for further optimizations.

The fundamental purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of incorporating fly ash (FA) and dyeing sludge (DS) in the production of brick. An attempt was taken to replace 10% to 100% clay by DS and FA in brick-making by volume. A brick firing kiln was used to burn the uniform-shaped bricks after replacing clay with DS and FA. Size and shape, hardness, soundness, water absorption, efflorescence, dry density, loss of ignition, firing shrinkage, specific gravity, compressive strength, and leaching tests were carried out to study the properties of these bricks. The compressive strength of the brink ranged from 6.25 MPa to 0.33 MPa and indicates a decreasing pattern in strength with the increase in the volume of DS and FA. Only 18.8% water absorption capacity was found in control bricks without DS and FA, while a maximum absorption of 40.19% was found for a particular combination of DS and FA. Similarly, dry density decreased with the increase in the volume of DS and FA. Besides, efflorescence in bricks was found within the allowable limits for certain combinations of DS and FA, which exceeded the allowable limits for other combinations. The presence of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb) in the extraction solution was insignificant. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that up to 10% clay can be substituted with DS and FA without substantially affecting the quality of bricks.

The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an important target for COVID-19 therapy. Here, a pair of genetically encoded BRET-based sensors for detecting Mpro activity are generated by sandwiching N-terminal autocleavage sites in between the mNeonGreen and NanoLuc proteins.

Abstract In February each year, World Health Organization (WHO) recommends candidate vaccine viruses for the forthcoming northern hemisphere (NH) season; however, the influenza season in the temperate zone of NH begins in October. During egg- or cell culture-propagation, the vaccine viruses become too old to confer the highest match with the latest strains, impacting vaccine effectiveness. Therefore, an alternative strategy like mRNA-based vaccine using the most recent strains should be considered. We analyzed influenza A subtype H3N2 strains circulating in NH during the last 10 years (2009–2020). Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple clades of influenza strains circulating every season, which had substantial mismatches with WHO-recommended vaccine strains. The clustering pattern suggests that influenza A subtype H3N2 strains are not fixed to the specific geographical region but circulate globally in the same season. By analyzing 39 seasons from eight NH countries with the highest vaccine coverage, we also provide evidence that the influenza A, subtype H3N2 strains from South and Southeast Asia, including Bangladesh, had the highest genetic proximity to the NH strains. Furthermore, insilico analysis showed minimal effect on the Bangladeshi HA protein structure, indicating the stability of Bangladeshi strains. Therefore, we propose that Bangladeshi influenza strains represent genetic makeup that may better fit and serve as the most suitable candidate vaccine viruses for the forthcoming NH season.

The (2+1)-dimensional interaction of a Riemann wave propagating along the y-axis with a long wave along the x-axis is described by the space-time fractional Calogero-Degasperis (CD) and fractional potential Kadomstev-Petviashvili (PKP) equation. It can be modeled according to the Hamiltonian structure, the lax pair with the non-isospectral problem, and the pain level property. The proposed equations are widely used in beachfront ocean and coastal engineering to describe the propagation of shallow-water waves, demonstrate the propagation of waves in dissipative and nonlinear media, and reveal the propagation of waves in dissipative and nonlinear media. In this paper, we have established further exact solutions to the nonlinear fractional partial differential equation (NLFPDEs), namely the space-time fractional CD and fractional PKP equations using the modified Rieman-Liouville fractional derivative of Jumarie through the two variable (G′/G,1/G)-expansion method. As far as trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational function solutions containing parameters are concerned, solutions are acquired when unique characteristics are assigned to the parameters. Subsequently, the solitary wave solutions are generated from the solutions of the traveling wave. It is important to observe that this method is a realistic, convenient, well-organized, and ground-breaking strategy for solving various types of NLFPDEs.

With the increase in the number of natural disasters in recent years, post-disaster reconstruction (PDR) efforts have become increasingly important to aid community recovery. Accordingly, a large body of recent research has focused on identifying the best practices for accelerating recovery and restoring impacted communities. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to the health and safety challenges experienced by reconstruction workers that aid post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts. The current investigation focused on addressing this knowledge gap by seeking to uncover the health and safety challenges that reconstruction workers experienced in the context of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal – that was responsible for nearly 9,000 deaths and 22,000 injuries. The data collection effort involved in-depth interviews with several stakeholders, including construction workers, supervisors, site engineers, general contractors, homeowners, and governmental officials. This study enhances our understanding of the health and safety challenges experienced by PDR workers. The study also offers insight on how the obtained knowledge can be leveraged by government and stakeholders with supervisory roles to ensure proper health, safety, and wellbeing of the reconstruction workers.

The collisionless magnetized complex plasma (MCP) is considered to describe the nonlinear oblique propagation of dust-ion acoustic (DIA) shock wave and oscillatory wave having periodicity due to the impact of plasma parameters. Such plasma is composed of the dynamic ions having viscous influence, (α, q)-velocity distributed electrons, and static positive or negative dust charged particles. By implementing only the expansion of perturb quantities, the Burgers equation (BE) having quadratic nonlinearity (QN), cubic nonlinearity (CN), and composition of QN and CN are derived. Based on the useful exact solutions of these equations, the effect of physical parameters on the propagation of DIA shock wave, DIA oscillatory wave having periodicity and DIA double layer are discussed. It is found that the plasma system supports the shock and periodic wave excitations with both positive and negative polarity described by BE having QN. In addition, BE having CN supports shock and periodic wave excitations with only positive polarity. BE having a composition of QN and CN supports both shock wave excitations and double layer as well as both left to right and right to left propagating oscillatory waves having periodicity. The presented results would be applicable to space MCP regimes and further experimental verification.

The space–time fractional Gardner and Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (ZKBBM) equations are used to explain the transmission of shallow water waves inside a water channel of uniform speed and constant depth. It moreover simulates water waves in harbors and shallow water, which is useful for oceanography. These equations are significant nonlinear model equations to illustrate numerous physical structures namely in marine and coastal science, water wave mechanics, control theory, plasma engineering, fluid flow, optical fibers, phenomena of fission and fusion, and so on. In this study, we employed the extended tanh-function approach to generate some fresh and further general closed-form traveling waves solutions of those equations in the lite of conformal derivatives. The achieve results are more applicable to resolve the above mentioned phenomena properly. The fractional differential transform simplifies generate ordinary differential equations from fractional order differential equations. We discovered many types of solutions using the maple, including solitons, kink types, bell types, and other types of solutions that are illustrated using 3D and contour plots. It is important to note that all derived solutions are checked for accuracy by being directly replaced with the original equation. We proposed that the technique be revised to be more realistic, effective, and trustworthy and that we explore more generalized exact results of traveling waves, like solitary wave solutions.

Several approaches for reducing model order on the definite time segments have become the topic of investigation in a series of papers that bring challenges during application in a large-scale setting. The subject of discussion of this paper is the computationally efficient time-restricted H2-optimal model order reduction method of higher dimensional sparse systems that requires the solutions of time-restricted Lyapunov and Sylvester equations. Our discussion is on developing the algorithms to solve these matrix equations that face difficulty when calculating the matrix exponential of the large-scale matrices. As a result, an efficient remedy is also proposed to compute the matrix exponential. Our ideas are also evaluated for index-1 descriptor systems apart from the generalized structure. Numerical analyses are conducted on several benchmark examples to illustrate how accurate and efficient our suggested approaches are by comparing them with the existing methods.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella provides an exemplar for the One Health approach as it encompasses public and animal health, food safety, and environmental considerations. The contribution of environmental aspects is currently less well-defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the carriage occurrence of non-typhoidal Salmonella in migratory birds in Bangladesh and assess the potential significance to public and animal health. Cloacal swabs (N = 453) were collected in the years 2018–2020 from Tanguar and Hakaluki Haors, important wetland ecosystems in Northeastern Bangladesh. The prevalence of Salmonella was 13.5% (61 positive swabs). Classical serotyping identified six serovars: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Perth, Kentucky, Albany, Infantis, Weltevreden, and Brancaster. Resistance towards 14 antimicrobials was assessed by broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration determination and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotype established by whole-genome sequencing. S. Perth and S. Weltevreden isolates were susceptible and harbored no acquired AMR genes. Isolates from the remaining serovars were multidrug resistant, commonly possessing resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin. Salmonella resistant to ciprofloxacin meets WHO criteria for priority pathogens. There was excellent concordance between resistance phenotype and the presence of corresponding AMR genes, many of which reside on Salmonella Genomic Islands. High-level ciprofloxacin resistance correlated with the presence of mutations in the chromosomal gyrB and/or parC genes. The S. Kentucky isolates were ST198, a widely distributed multidrug-resistant lineage reported in humans and animals, and constituting an ongoing risk to public health worldwide. We have demonstrated that multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella of public health significance can be recovered from migratory birds. A potential for risk can manifest through direct interaction, transmission to food-producing livestock on farms, and dissemination via the long range migratory movements of birds. Risks can be mitigated by measures including continued surveillance and implementation of good farm biosecurity practices.

Biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest and offers an attractive alternate to physical and chemical approaches. In recent year several safe, easy, cost-effective, reproducible, and environmentally friendly synthesis approaches for silver nanoparticles have been developed. In this research work, a simple, cheap, and unexplored method was applied on green synthesis of AgNPs using secondary metabolites extracted from Bixa orellana seeds. The seeds are rich of flavonoids and phenolic compounds which presumably responsible for the fast reduction and stabilization of silver ion into silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesis process is very likely to be able to reduce silver ions under simple physiological conditions. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that was appeared at 420 nm in UV–vis spectrum, had confirmed the formation of AgNPs. Moreover, the functional groups in secondary metabolite that act as reducing, capping and stabilizing agents for silver nanoparticles, are identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. An X-ray diffraction analysis generated four peaks for Bixa orellana seed extract mediated AgNPs positioned at 2θ angles of 38.1°, 44.2°, 64.6°, and 77.5° corresponding to crystal planes (111), (200), (220), and (311). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the formation of nanosized silver particles. The z-average of the synthesized particles measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was found to be 92.9 nm. AgNPs synthesized exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity, antibacterial and antiproliferative activity against human breast (MCF-7) cell line. On the basis of our results, we conclude that biologically synthesized AgNPs exhibited favorable characteristics and have the potential to be used in biomedical fields.

This work aims to construct exact solutions for the space-time fractional (2 + 1)- dimensional dispersive longwave (DLW) equation and approximate long water wave equation (ALW) utilizing the two-variable (G′/G,1/G)-expansion method and the modified Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. The recommended equations play a significant role to describe the travel of the shallow water wave. The fractional complex transform is used to convert fractional differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Several wave solutions have been successfully achieved using the proposed approach and the symbolic computer Maple package. The Maple package program was used to set up and validate all of the computations in this investigation. By choosing particular values of the embedded parameters, we produce multiple periodic solutions, periodic wave solutions, single soliton solutions, kink wave solutions, and more forms of soliton solutions. The achieved solutions might be useful to comprehend nonlinear phenomena. It is worth noting that the implemented method for solving nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (NLFPDEs) is efficient, and simple to find further and new-fangled solutions in the arena of mathematical physics and coastal engineering.

Purpose – During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, owing to several reasons, consumers behaved impulsively while shopping. Impulse buying has led to a distortion in the availability of various items in the stores. This study aims to explore the factors affecting the impulse buying behavior of consumers during a pandemic like COVID-19 in India. Design/methodology/approach – Using an online questionnaire, 304 Indian consumers were surveyed using a convenience sampling technique. Proposed hypotheses and model were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings – The study confirmed that fear and resource availability are the most significant factors affecting consumer’s impulse buying behavior during a pandemic. The findings suggest that retailers can minimize the consumer’s fear and manage impulse buying to their advantage by providing better resources to their patrons while they shop. Originality/value – During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of businesses, it is being observed that the purchase preferences of consumers have become chaotic and significant swings are visible in their shopping behavior. Thus, the study is an attempt to shed light on the factors that affect consumer impulse buying behavior in such disruptive settings.

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2018 to study the effect of weed management practices on the performance of rice cv. Nizershail. The experiment included five weeding treatments i.e., (i) no weeding (T0), (ii) hand weeding at 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) (T1), (iii) application of pre-emergence herbicide (T2), (iv) application of early post-emergence herbicide (T3), and (v) application of post-emergence herbicide (T4). The experiment was laid out in a random- ized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. All plant and yield contributing characters (except 1000-grain weight), and yields were significantly affected by weed control approaches. The application of early post-emergence herbicide Super power 10WP (T3) showed the promising results in controlling weeds in Nizershail rice. The highest values for plant height, panicle length and grain yield (1.41 t ha−1) were obtained from apply- ing post-emergence herbicide Super power 10WP. However, application of pre-emergence herbicide (Glycel 48SL) and two hand weeding at 15 and 35 DATs gave statistically similar grain yield. The results of the study showed that fifteen weed species belonging to six families infested the experimental plots. Weed density and dry matter were significantly affected by weed con- trol methods. Weed density and dry weight were also significantly affected by weed control methods. Both early post-emergence and post-emergence herbicides could effectively control the weed density and biomass. [Fundam Appl Agric 2022; 7(2.000): 131-138]

Abstract Inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskites have recently attracted enormous attention as a viable alternative material for optoelectronic applications due to their higher efficiency, thermal stability, suitable bandgap, and proper optical absorption. However, the CsPbIBr2 perovskite films fabricated using a one-step deposition technique is usually comprised of small grain size with a large number of grain boundaries and compositional defects. In this work, silver iodide (AgI) will be incorporated as an additive into the CsPbIBr2 perovskite precursor solution to prepare the unique perovskite CsI(PbBr2)1-x (AgI) x. The AgI additive in the precursor solution works as a nucleation promoter which will help the perovskite to grow and merge into a continuous film with reduced defects. With detailed characterizations, we found that incorporating AgI additive resulted in a uniform perovskite film with fewer grain boundaries, increased grain size, crystallinity, optical absorption while decreasing carrier recombination and trap density. Using the AgI in an optimum amount, we fabricated CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a simple structure and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.2% with a reduced hysteresis index. This work offers an alternative approach towards preparing high-quality CsPbIBr2 perovskite films for solar cells with higher stability and other optoelectronic applications.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) framework to a radiological emergency in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident should be developed systematically and efficiently by applying an appropriate methodology. A systematic approach is applied in this study to select the appropriate method from different methodologies for developing EPR framework of a NPP accident by applying trade-off analysis. Ten evaluation criteria, namely causal analysis, decision making analysis, feedback analysis, interactive graphical analysis, nonlinear behavior analysis, organizational factor analysis, quantitative analysis, sensitivity analysis, statistical analysis, and threat analysis were identified for methodology selection by conducting requirement analysis of EPR framework. The System Dynamics (SD) approach was found as the most capable and the best methodologies according to the trade-off analysis by considering the assigned criteria for EPR framework of a NPP accident. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) can also be applied in the EPR framework development process of NPP accident.

Phase pure β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films are grown on (001) oriented β-Ga2O3 substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. By systematically tuning the precursor molar flow rates, the epitaxial growth of coherently strained β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films is demonstrated with up to 25% Al compositions as evaluated by high resolution x-ray diffraction. The asymmetrical reciprocal space mapping confirms the growth of coherent β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films (x < 25%) on (001) β-Ga2O3 substrates. However, the alloy inhomogeneity with local segregation of Al along the (2̄01) plane is observed from atomic resolution STEM imaging, resulting in wavy and inhomogeneous interfaces in the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-Ga2O3 superlattice structure. Room temperature Raman spectra of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films show similar characteristics peaks as the (001) β-Ga2O3 substrate without obvious Raman shifts for films with different Al compositions. Atom probe tomography was used to investigate the atomic level structural chemistry with increasing Al content in the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films. A monotonous increase in chemical heterogeneity is observed from the in-plane Al/Ga distributions, which was further confirmed via statistical frequency distribution analysis. Although the films exhibit alloy fluctuations, n-type doping demonstrates good electrical properties for films with various Al compositions. The determined valence and conduction band offsets at β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-Ga2O3 heterojunctions using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the formation of type-II (staggered) band alignment.

A new triangular shape solar distillation system is fabricated using locally available materials by integrating with solar PV panel connected to DC water heater. It is designed for the first time to distill saline water or seawater using solar heat energy directly (to heat sample water) and indirectly (through water heater to heat sample water). The trough is made of Plexiglass and painted in black color which is placed inside the triangular frame made of UPVC pipe. The performance of the still is experimented in field. The diurnal variations of solar heat energy, distillate output, various temperatures and relative humidity are observed. A few linear proportional relationships are obtained between the sunlight heat energy and the productivity, between the ambient temperature and the productivity, and between the productivity and water-cover temperature difference. The production rate of the still is higher than the conventional one. An improved simulation model is proposed to estimate the productivity of the still as some previous simulation models cannot estimate the productivity of the solar still precisely. A few new factors are incorporated in the new model as these factors affect the distillate output of the solar still.

The third decade of the 21st century has witnessed more tensions, instabilities, and new alliances in the Indo-Pacific/Asia-Pacific region due to intensifying rivalry and strategic competition between the US Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) and China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), two grand strategies of the US and China respectively. This article aims to assess the Rules-Based International Order (RBIO) and comprehend Biden’s IPS, particularly exploring how the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) may impact China’s BRI. This paper argues that RBIO is debatable and not universal. It is also argued that while the IPEF unveiled by President Biden represents a strategically important step forward, a long-term US genuine commitment to its implementation to counter China’s BRI is essential. The methodology of this research is primarily based on secondary literature and official documents. This study concludes that although China is reluctant to pay too much attention to the US IPEF in its official statements, China is concerned about this economic initiative. The paper also concludes that because of the intense US-China rivalry, new alliances will emerge in the region leading to a new cold war or new world order.

Introduction: Copy number variations (CNVs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) among children. In this study, we aim to identify clinically relevant CNVs, genes and their phenotypic characteristics in an ethnically underrepresented homogenous population of Bangladesh.Methods: We have conducted chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for 212 NDD patients with male to female ratio of 2.2:1.0 to identify rare CNVs. To identify candidate genes within the rare CNVs, gene constraint metrics [i.e., “Critical-Exon Genes (CEGs)”] were applied to the population data. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) was followed in a subset of 95 NDD patients to assess the severity of autism and all statistical tests were performed using the R package.Results: Of all the samples assayed, 12.26% (26/212) and 57.08% (121/212) patients carried pathogenic and variant of uncertain significance (VOUS) CNVs, respectively. While 2.83% (6/212) patients’ pathogenic CNVs were found to be located in the subtelomeric regions. Further burden test identified females are significant carriers of pathogenic CNVs compared to males (OR = 4.2; p = 0.0007). We have observed an increased number of Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) within cases with 23.85% (26/109) consanguineous parents. Our analyses on imprinting genes show, 36 LOH variants disrupting 69 unique imprinted genes and classified these variants as VOUS. ADOS-2 subset shows severe social communication deficit (p = 0.014) and overall ASD symptoms severity (p = 0.026) among the patients carrying duplication CNV compared to the CNV negative group. Candidate gene analysis identified 153 unique CEGs in pathogenic CNVs and 31 in VOUS. Of the unique genes, 18 genes were found to be in smaller (

Abstract Background and Aims Pre‐eclampsia is a particular type of pregnancy condition. Although the primary etiology of pre‐eclampsia is unclear, it hypothesizes that the alteration of trace elements and macro‐minerals may play a crucial function in the pathogenesis of Pre‐eclampsia. Therefore, our research sought to ascertain the serum level of trace elements (zinc, iron) and macro‐minerals (sodium, calcium, potassium) and their possible association with pre‐eclampsia. Methods The present study was conducted with 74 pre‐eclampsia pregnant women (case) and 118 pregnant women having normal blood pressure (controls). Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy determined the serum level of trace components and electrolytes. Results The researchers discovered notable differences in maternal age, gestational period, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, and creatinine level. Results of serum analysis revealed that calcium (52.06 ± 3.71 mg/L vs. 65.93 ± 2.57 mg/L, p