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3,020 results on '"Macdonald, David W."'

107. Predicting biodiversity richness in rapidly changing landscapes: climate, low human pressure or protection as salvation?

Author

Macdonald, David W., Chiaverini, Luca, Bothwell, Helen M., Kaszta, Żaneta, Ash, Eric, Bolongon, Gilmoore, Can, Özgün Emre, Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, Channa, Phan, Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben, Hearn, Andrew J., Hedges, Laurie, Htun, Saw, Kamler, Jan F., Macdonald, Ewan A., Moore, Jonathan, Naing, Hla, Onuma, Manabu, Rasphone, Akchousanh, Rayan, D. Mark, Ross, Joanna, Singh, Priya, Tan, Cedric Kai Wei, Wadey, Jamie, Yadav, Bhupendra P., and Cushman, Samuel A.

Published
2020
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108. Multi-scale habitat modelling identifies spatial conservation priorities for mainland clouded leopards ( Neofelis nebulosa )

Author

Macdonald, David W., Bothwell, Helen M., Kaszta, Żaneta, Ash, Eric, Bolongon, Gilmoore, Burnham, Dawn, Can, Özgün Emre, Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, Channa, Phan, Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben, Hearn, Andrew J., Hedges, Laurie, Htun, Saw, Kamler, Jan F., Kawanishi, Kae, Macdonald, Ewan A., Mohamad, Shariff Wan, Moore, Jonathan, Naing, Hla, Onuma, Manabu, Penjor, Ugyen, Rasphone, Akchousanh, Rayan, Darmaraj Mark, Ross, Joanna, Singh, Priya, Tan, Cedric Kai Wei, Wadey, Jamie, Yadav, Bhupendra P., and Cushman, Samuel A.

Published
2019

112. More than $1 billion needed annually to secure Africa’s protected areas with lions

Author

Lindsey, Peter A., Miller, Jennifer R. B., Petracca, Lisanne S., Coad, Lauren, Dickman, Amy J., Fitzgerald, Kathleen H., Flyman, Michael V., Funston, Paul J., Henschel, Philipp, Kasiki, Samuel, Knights, Kathryn, Loveridge, Andrew J., Macdonald, David W., Mandisodza-Chikerema, Roseline L., Nazerali, Sean, Plumptre, Andrew J., Stevens, Riko, Van Zyl, Hugo W., and Hunter, Luke T. B.

Published
2018

120. Collapse of the world’s largest herbivores

Author

Ripple, William J, Newsome, Thomas M, Wolf, Christopher, Dirzo, Rodolfo, Everatt, Kristoffer T, Galetti, Mauro, Hayward, Matt W, Kerley, Graham IH, Levi, Taal, Lindsey, Peter A, Macdonald, David W, Malhi, Yadvinder, Painter, Luke E, Sandom, Christopher J, Terborgh, John, and Van Valkenburgh, Blaire

Subjects
Life on Land, defaunation, endangerment, extinction, habitat loss, hunting, large herbivores, megafauna, trophic cascades
Abstract

Large wild herbivores are crucial to ecosystems and human societies. We highlight the 74 largest terrestrial herbivore species on Earth (body mass ≥100 kg), the threats they face, their important and often overlooked ecosystem effects, and the conservation efforts needed to save them and their predators from extinction. Large herbivores are generally facing dramatic population declines and range contractions, such that ~60% are threatened with extinction. Nearly all threatened species are in developing countries, where major threats include hunting, land-use change, and resource depression by livestock. Loss of large herbivores can have cascading effects on other species including large carnivores, scavengers, mesoherbivores, small mammals, and ecological processes involving vegetation, hydrology, nutrient cycling, and fire regimes. The rate of large herbivore decline suggests that ever-larger swaths of the world will soon lack many of the vital ecological services these animals provide, resulting in enormous ecological and social costs.

Published
2015

123. Coming down from the trees: is terrestrial activity in Bornean orangutans natural or disturbance driven?

Author

Ancrenaz, Marc, Sollmann, Rahel, Meijaard, Erik, Hearn, Andrew J, Ross, Joanna, Samejima, Hiromitsu, Loken, Brent, Cheyne, Susan M, Stark, Danica J, Gardner, Penny C, Goossens, Benoit, Mohamed, Azlan, Bohm, Torsten, Matsuda, Ikki, Nakabayasi, Miyabi, Lee, Shan Khee, Bernard, Henry, Brodie, Jedediah, Wich, Serge, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Hanya, Goro, Harrison, Mark E, Kanamori, Tomoko, Kretzschmar, Petra, Macdonald, David W, Riger, Peter, Spehar, Stephanie, Ambu, Laurentius N, and Wilting, Andreas

Subjects
Animals, Pongo pygmaeus, Models, Statistical, Behavior, Animal, Ecosystem, Video Recording, Female, Male, Models, Statistical, Behavior, Animal
Abstract

The orangutan is the world's largest arboreal mammal, and images of the red ape moving through the tropical forest canopy symbolise its typical arboreal behaviour. Records of terrestrial behaviour are scarce and often associated with habitat disturbance. We conducted a large-scale species-level analysis of ground-based camera-trapping data to evaluate the extent to which Bornean orangutans Pongo pygmaeus come down from the trees to travel terrestrially, and whether they are indeed forced to the ground primarily by anthropogenic forest disturbances. Although the degree of forest disturbance and canopy gap size influenced terrestriality, orangutans were recorded on the ground as frequently in heavily degraded habitats as in primary forests. Furthermore, all age-sex classes were recorded on the ground (flanged males more often). This suggests that terrestrial locomotion is part of the Bornean orangutan's natural behavioural repertoire to a much greater extent than previously thought, and is only modified by habitat disturbance. The capacity of orangutans to come down from the trees may increase their ability to cope with at least smaller-scale forest fragmentation, and to cross moderately open spaces in mosaic landscapes, although the extent of this versatility remains to be investigated.

Published
2014

124. Identifying umbrella and indicator species to support multispecies population connectivity in a Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.

Author

Penjor, Ugyen, Kaszta, Zaneta M., Macdonald, David W., and Cushman, Samuel A.

Subjects
KEYSTONE species, POPULATION viability analysis, ASIATIC black bear, ANIMAL dispersal, TIGERS, CORRIDORS (Ecology), HABITAT conservation
Abstract

Successful conservation hinges on the reliable prediction and prioritisation of population core habitats and dispersal corridors. However, reliance on singlespecies connectivity has produced mixed results and, in most cases, failed to protect other species under the appealing but often unfulfilled guise of umbrella protection. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to identify core habitats and dispersal corridors for population connectivity of 15 terrestrial mammal species across Bhutan, (2) to identify indicator species of wildlife connectivity, (3) to prioritise core areas and dispersal corridors for the focal umbrella and indicator species, (4) to develop composite multispecies connectivity maps and evaluate the effectiveness of the existing protected area network. We used kernel density (KD) to identify core habitat areas and factorial least-cost path (LCP) to map dispersal corridors. We used correlation and cluster analyses to identify umbrella and indicator species, and quantitative ranking to prioritise core areas and corridors for these focal species. Finally, we produced maps of multispecies core areas and corridors, and identified gaps in the existing protected area network (PAN). We found that ungulates were generally more effective than carnivores in serving as umbrella species for core habitat protection, with Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) emerging as the most effective umbrella for core habitats and muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac) for dispersal corridors. We identified six focal connectivity indicator species in Bhutan: tiger (Panthera tigris), dhole (Cuon alpinus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Asian elephant, and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor). Most indicator species' core areas and dispersal corridors outside the PAN were in southern Bhutan, indicating opportunities for increased multispecies connectivity through expanding protected area network in this region. A total of 40% of multispecies core areas and 24% of dispersal corridors were under PAN, with large parts of Bhutan offering suitable core areas and corridors for multispecies conservation. Core areas and corridors of the 15 considered species only partially overlapped, stressing the importance of multi-species consideration in designating wildlife corridors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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143. The Identification of 100 Ecological Questions of High Policy Relevance in the UK

Author

Sutherland, William J., Armstrong-Brown, Susan, Armsworth, Paul R., Brereton, Tom, Brickland, Jonathan, Campbell, Colin D., Chamberlain, Daniel E., Cooke, Andrew I., Dulvy, Nicholas K., Dusic, Nicholas R., Fitton, Martin, Freckleton, Robert P., Grout, Nick, Harvey, H. John, Hedley, Colin, Hopkins, John J., Kift, Neil B., Kirby, Jeff, Kunin, William E., MacDonald, David W., Marker, Brian, Naura, Marc, Neale, Andrew R., Oliver, Tom, Osborn, Dan, Pullin, Andrew S., Showler, David A., Smith, Paul L., Smithers, Richard J., Solandt, Jean-Luc, Spencer, Jonathan, Spray, Chris J., Thomas, Chris D., Thompson, Jim, Webb, Sarah E., Yalden, Derek W., and Watkinson, Andrew R.

Published
2006

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