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Bu araştırma, Râşit halifeler Hz. Ebubekir (öl. 13/634), Hz. Ömer (öl. 23/644), Hz. Osman (öl. 35/656) ve Hz. Ali’nin (öl. 40/661) tevki‘ örneklerindeki delalet ve metinsel bağlamları, bununla birlikte söz konusu tevkî’lerin genel bağlamlarını incelemekte ve bu tevki‘ örneklerini otorite, fesahat (belagat) ve adalet vasıflarına sahip olan göndericileriyle ilişkilendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu tevki‘ metinlerinin alıcı tarafından metne herhangi bir ekleme veya metinden herhangi bir azaltma yapılmaksızın tam bir zarafet içerisinde; farkındalık, önsezi ve sorumlulukla ele alınması gerekmektedir. Araştırma, tevki‘in üretim sahasını ele almakta ve bununla birlikte bu metinlerin içerdiği tefsir ve istişhatlar yönünden ifade şekillerini incelemektedir. Bu özelliklerinin yanı sıra araştırma, ifadelerini dile dökmek ve içerdiği belagat vecihleri ile metinsel farklılıklarını ortaya koymak amacıyla belirli bir risaleyi ifade eden tevki‘ metinlerine başvurmuştur. Araştırma neticesinde Râşit halifelerin tevki‘ metinlerini, söz konusu metinlerin bağlamları ve üretim sahalarıyla uyumlu olacak şekilde; bilgelik, ikna, îcâz, telkin, yoğunlaşma, açık fikirlilik ve kapalılıktan kaçınma gibi vasıflarla ve bir hedefe uygun olarak kaleme aldıkları görülmüştür. Araştırma neticesinde tevkî’lerin manaya odaklanma ve yoğunlaşma şeklinde bir kalıp etrafında dönen, süzülmüş güzel lafızlara ve lafzın açıklığı ve mananın edebî yönünü cem eden üretken ve canlı bir dil meydana getirme noktasında ilham kaynağı niteliğindeki kelimelere dayanan ve böylece mesel konumuna giren faydalı cümleler olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Halifeler tevkî‘ metinlerini, söz konusu metinlerin bağlamları ve üretim sahalarıyla uyumlu olacak şekilde; bilgelik, ikna, îcâz, telkin, yoğunlaşma, açık fikirlilik ve kapalılıktan kaçınmayla birlikte bir hedefe uygun olarak oluşturdukları görülmüştür. Bu şekilde de onlar, birçok siyasi ve toplumsal meseleyi çözme noktasında bu tevkîleri belli bir hedef doğrultusunda kullanmışlardır.

Coffee is a national strategic commodity that contributes to Indonesia’s foreign exchange, but its productivity remains low due to cultivation on low potential land. This study aimed to determine the land suitability of endemic liberica coffee using two different methods and formulate recommendations for land management in Pinogu Plateau. Thirteen land units were surveyed, and soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to identify the land characteristics. Land suitability classes (LSCs) were compared by limiting factor and parametric methods. Analysis using the limiting factor method showed that the actual LSCs for liberica coffee consisted of moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3) classes. Efforts for improvement could increase the potential of LSC to became very suitable (S1) and S2 classes. Meanwhile, the assessment with the parametric method indicated that the LSC consisted of S1, S2, and S3 classes. These results revealed that the parametric method provides more realistic land characteristics than the limiting factor method. Land management II or the land that had a little limiting factor turned out to be more dominant with the recommendation of adding P and organic fertilizer.

Owing to the relative abundance of its constituent elements and large magnetocaloric properties observed near room temperature, the AlFe2B2 system has attracted much attention recently. Here, we have studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Al0.85+xSi0.15Fe2B2 (x = 0.2, 0.4) prepared by drop-casting followed by annealing and acid treatment. The second order ferromagnetic phase transitions were observed near room temperature (∼298–305 K) and peak magnetic entropy changes (−ΔSM) of more than −6 J kg−1 K−1 were observed for a field change of 5 T. The results are discussed in terms of the impurity phases formed in the compounds due to excess aluminum.

We have synthesized a series of Co-doped Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni1−xCoxSi0.94Al0.06 (0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) alloys by arc melting followed by a rapidly quenched vacuum suction casting technique and studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the system. All measurements were performed on the as-cast and annealed samples. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the samples exhibited a hexagonal phase at room temperature. Magnetization data showed that the annealed samples exhibited significantly larger transition temperatures than the as-cast samples. All samples showed the first-order phase transition with a thermomagnetic hysteresis of more than 20 K. The phase transitions were accompanied by isothermal entropy changes of as large as −16.4 J kg−1 K−1 and −42.4 J kg−1 K−1 for field changes of 20 and 50 kOe, respectively. Large refrigeration capacities and temperature averaged entropy changes of up to 201 J/kg and 34.05 J kg−1 K−1, respectively, were observed for a field change of 50 kOe.

Beton memadat sendiri mempunyai sifat dapat mengalir sendiri, kental dan kompak sehingga meminimalkan pemadatan secara mekanis. Beton ini sangat cocok untuk mengatasi penempatan beton pada daerah yang sempit dan banyak tulangannya. Analisis nonlinier elemen hingga tiga dimensi balok beton memadat sendiri mutu tinggi dan normal beton mutu tinggi dengan pemadatan mekanis dilakukan dengan software MSC Marc/Mentat. Baja dimodelkan dengan tertanam di beton. Kriteria kegagalan Linier Mohr-Coulomb digunakan untuk beton dan Von Mises untuk baja tulangan. Beton dan tumpuan baja dimodelkan dengan elemen solid berbentuk kubus sisinya 25 mm. Baja tulangan diidealisasikan sebagai elemen truss. Kontak analisis dilakukan antara balok dengan pelat beban dan juga pelat tumpuan. Hasil kurva beban lendutan untuk kedua beton hampir sama dengan hasil kurva eksperimen. Hasil analisis kontak juga memperlihatkan terjadi kontak dan perlepasan pada bidang kontak baja tumpuan beban dan tumpuan balok dengan beton. Hasil parameter studi berupa faktor retensi geser memperlihatkan bahwa nilai faktor ini mendekati 1 maka balok akan lebih besar menahan beban, hal ini dikarenakan terjadi penguncian tegangan pada bal ok. Hasil studi mengenai rasio tulangan juga menunjukkan pengurangan 70% dan penambahan 70% apabila menggunakan tulangan minium dan maksimum, berturut-turut. Selimut beton yang semakin besar juga mengurangi beban yang dapat ditahan oleh balok.

Abstrak Indonesia merupakan negara yang rentan terhadap bencana gempa bumi. Banyak rumah atau gedung di Indonesia dibangun dengan menggunakan material beton bertulang. Kerusakan geser pada elemen beton bertulang tersebut sangat berbahaya, hal ini dikarenakan kerusakan ini terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan biasanya terjadi secara eksplosif. Analisis nonlinier elemen hingga tiga dimensi balok beton memadat mandiri dan beton mutu tinggi dengan pemadatan mekanis dilakukan dengan software MSC Marc/Mentat. Baja dimodelkan dengan tertanam di beton. Kriteria kegagalan Linier Mohr-Coulomb digunakan untuk beton dan Von Mises untuk baja tulangan. Hasil kurva hubungan beban-lendutan untuk kedua balok beton memadat mandiri dan beton mutu tinggi pemadatan mekanis hampir sama dengan hasil kurva eksperimen di daerah elastic, namun setelah melewati fase elastik, kurva analisis berbeda sedikit dengan kurva eksperimen. Hasil analisis teoritis kekuatan beton hampir sama dengan hasil analisis elemen hingga balok beton tanpa tulangan. Hasil analisis kontak juga memperlihatkan terjadi kontak dan perlepasan pada bidang kontak baja tumpuan beban dan tumpuan balok dengan beton. Kata kunci: beton memadat mandiri, mutu tinggi, elemen hingga, MSC Marc/Mentat Abstract Indonesia is a country that is prone to earthquakes. Many houses or buildings in Indonesia are built using reinforced concrete material. Shear damage to reinforced concrete elements is very dangerous, because this damage occurs suddenly and usually occurs explosively. The nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis of self-compacting concrete beam and high strength concrete beam by mechanical compaction were carried out using the MSC Marc/Mentat software. Steel is modeled by being embedded in concrete. The Mohr-Coulomb Linear failure criterion is used for concrete and Von Mises for reinforcing steel. The results of the load- deflection curves for both self-compacting and mechanical compaction high-strength concrete beams are almost the same as those of the experimental curves in the elastic area, after elasticity, the analysis curve differs slightly from the experimental curve. The results of the theoretical analysis of the strength of the concrete are almost the same as the results of the analysis of the finite element concrete beams without reinforcement. The results of the contact analysis also showed that there was contact and detachment in the contact area of the load bearing steel and the beam support with the concrete. Keywords: self-compacting concrete, high strength, finite element, MSC Marc/Mentat

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) is one of the engineered wood products consisting of wood veneers that are glued and pressed together. In this study, the behavior of LVL Sengon slender beam is numerically investigated by means of nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA), where only half of the experimental beam was modeled due to symmetry of the load configuration. The LVL Sengon wood material used Hill failure criterion with isotropic hardening rules, and its mechanical properties in both tension and compression are modelled according to its mechanical properties in tension obtained from the clear specimen test. The contact analysis is defined for each contacting and contacted elements. The FEA results well agreed with the experimental results in term of the load-deflection curve and failure mode of the beam. It is found that the lateral support has no effect on the stiffness of the beam. The beam stiffness and ultimate load increase by the increase of beam height-to-width ratio (𝑑/𝑏).

The controlled release of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from promoter-proximal pausing (PPP) sites is critical for transcription elongation in metazoans. We show that the human tumor suppressor BRCA2 interacts with RNAPII to regulate PPP release, thereby preventing unscheduled RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) implicated in genomic instability and carcinogenesis. BRCA2 inactivation by depletion or cancer-causing mutations instigates RNAPII accumulation and R-loop accrual at PPP sites in actively transcribed genes, accompanied by γH2AX formation marking DNA breakage, which is reduced by ERCC4 endonuclease depletion. BRCA2 inactivation decreases RNAPII-associated factor 1 (PAF1) recruitment (which normally promotes RNAPII release) and diminishes H2B Lys120 ubiquitination, impeding nascent RNA synthesis. PAF1 depletion phenocopies, while its overexpression ameliorates, R-loop accumulation after BRCA2 inactivation. Thus, an unrecognized role for BRCA2 in the transition from promoter-proximal pausing to productive elongation via augmented PAF1 recruitment to RNAPII is subverted by disease-causing mutations, provoking R-loop-mediated DNA breakage in BRCA2-deficient cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to monitor the concept of ‘leaving no one behind’ in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to track the implications of the mobilization of health care resources by the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) of Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to monitor ‘leaving no one behind’ in NHIF by analyzing the secondary data of the information system for the year 2016. The study categorized the catchment areas of health care centers (HCCS) according to district administrative divisions, which are neighborhood, subdistrict, district, and zero. The District Division Administrative Disaggregation Data (DDADD) framework was developed and investigated with the use of descriptive statistics, maps of Sudan, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and health equity catchment indicators. SPSS ver. 18 and EndNote X8 were also used. Results The findings show that the NHIF has mobilized HCCs according to coverage of the insured population. This mobilization protected the insured poor in high-coverage insured population districts and left those living in very low-coverage districts behind. The Mann-Whitney test presented a significant median difference in the utilization rate between catchment areas (P value

We present an experimental study on the crystalline, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni deficient (Mn-rich) (Mn0.525Fe0.5)Ni0.975Si0.95Al0.05. The study has been performed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dc magnetization measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the sample primarily exhibited the orthorhombic structure at room temperature. The coupled structural and ferromagnetic transition occurred at ∼338 K, which is significantly larger than ∼320 K observed in (Mn0.50Fe0.5)NiSi0.95Al0.05. Maximum magnetic entropy changes of ΔSM = −9.5 and 25 J kg−1K−1 for ΔH = 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively, have been observed in the material. Large refrigeration capacities of 60 J/kg and 160 J/kg for field changes of ΔH = 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively, have also been observed.

We have studied the magneto-transport properties of a series of ZrNi2-xCuxGa compounds. For all Cu concentration (x ≤ 0.5) the samples exhibited the L21 cubic structure at room temperature and demonstrated superconductivity below 2 K. A superconducting phase transition temperature of as low as ∼1 K and a critical magnetic field of 1.78 T was observed in the system. A linear extrapolation of TC to T = 0 highly indicated that a stoichiometry-dependent superconducting quantum phase transition may occur in ZrNi2-xCuxGa at xc = 0.90.

Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in Indonesia due to its workability, easiness, and reasonable price. Meanwhile, it is very important to understand the response of these elements during the loading process to ensure the development of an effective structure and one of the most effective numerical methods for reinforced concrete elements is the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beam using a nonlinear finite element analysis through the application of the MSC MARC/MENTAT software program. This involved the use of a solid element to represent concrete while the truss bar was applied for reinforcing steel after which multi-linear and bilinear models were considered for the two elements respectively while embedded reinforcement model was applied to model the rebar. Moreover, the beam model was also studied and compared with experimental data from previous literature. The result showed the load-deflection to have significantly increased due to an increment in the steel reinforcement yield strength. The same was also observed for the concrete compressive strength while a decrease was recorded in deflection due to the reduction in the compressive strength because the strain was reaching the crushing value. Furthermore, the concrete tension model was found to be the same with the experimental results with the tensile strength observed to have lost its strength after reaching the tensile stress while the contact behavior of the modeled reinforced concrete beam showed the existence of a slip at the support and loading points.

Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FEA) is developed to predict the experimental behaviour of concrete filled square steel tubular member. The FEA is conducted to determine moment carrying capacity at ultimate load for simple beam. The concrete-steel interface model is the important parameter affecting the result of FEA simulation. Based on the experimentalresult, there is a local buckling near the loading contact point. To investigate the local buckling phenomenon, concrete-steel interface model is studied by using contact analysis between concrete and steel elements, by using rigid bar element (rbe2 element) and by using interface elements. The geometrical non-linearity, material non-linearity, loading, boundary conditions is the same for all analysis models. To account for all of these properties, FEA model by means MSC Marc Mentat software is developed. The proposed model can predict the ultimate strength with difference only 5-30%. The collapse modes by FEA model are also compared. Based on the numerical analysis, it can be seen that the local buckling is clearly shown in the FEA model with the concrete and steel interface by using interface elements.

Wear debris in lubrication oil provides important information for marine engine condition monitoring and faults diagnosis. Inductive sensors have been widely used to detect wear debris in lubrication oil. To improve the sensitivity, the inductive coil is always connected with a capacitor in parallel to form parallel LC resonance-sensing circuit. A previous study optimized the parallel resonance circuit by adjusting the excitation frequency. However, multiple parameters (namely, excitation signal, signal detection circuits, and signal-processing program, etc.) need to be adjusted accordingly for a series of the testing frequencies. To simplify the optimization, we propose a method based on adjusting the parallel capacitance in this work. The impedance (inductance and internal resistance) of the sensing coil and its variation induced by particles are first measured, which are the necessary parameters for establishing the function relationship between the parallel capacitance and the relative impedance variation. With the function relationship, the relative impedance variation is calculated directly, and the optimal capacitance is located at the highest absolute value of it. The experimental results for the ferrous and nonferrous particles match the calculation results well. Interestingly, the optimal capacitance for the nonferrous particle was larger than that of the ferrous particle. We speculate that the difference is generated due to the increased resistance induced by the eddy current effect.

Limestone aeolianites constitute karstic aquifers covering much of the western and southern Australian coastal fringe. They are a key groundwater resource for a range of industries such as winery and tourism, and provide important ecosystem services such as habitat for stygofauna. Moreover, recharge estimation is important for understanding the water cycle, for contaminant transport, for water management, and for stalagmite-based paleoclimate reconstructions. Caves offer a natural inception point to observe both the long-term groundwater recharge and the preferential movement of water through the unsaturated zone of such limestone. With the availability of automated drip rate logging systems and remote sensing techniques, it is now possible to deploy the combination of these methods for larger-scale studies of infiltration processes within a cave. In this study, we utilize a spatial survey of automated cave drip monitoring in two large chambers of Golgotha Cave, south-western Western Australia (SWWA), with the aim of better understanding infiltration water movement and the relationship between infiltration, stalactite morphology, and unsaturated zone recharge. By applying morphological analysis of ceiling features from Terrestrial LiDAR (T-LiDAR) data, coupled with drip time series and climate data from 2012 to 2014, we demonstrate the nature of the relationships between infiltration through fractures in the limestone and unsaturated zone recharge. Similarities between drip rate time series are interpreted in terms of flow patterns, cave chamber morphology, and lithology. Moreover, we develop a new technique to estimate recharge in large-scale caves, engaging flow classification to determine the cave ceiling area covered by each flow category and drip data for the entire observation period, to calculate the total volume of cave discharge. This new technique can be applied to other cave sites to identify highly focussed areas of recharge and can help to better estimate the total recharge volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]