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ObjectiveThe results of follow-up evaluation of GB 2757—2012 National Food Safety Standard- Distilled Wines and Mixed Wines were analyzed to reveal the main problems in the implementation of the standard and provide the basis for revision.MethodsThe comments of “Normal Tracking Evaluation” section on the national food safety standard follow-up evaluation platform were collected. The data was input to the Excel 2019 software for analysis. The key issues were discussed to provide suggestions for the revision of the standard.Results827 valid comments were received. When "no comment" was rejected， 47.95% of the comments were focused on "physicochemical indexes" including methanol and cyanide indicators. It was suggested that some other issues were worthy of attention and research， such as the microbiological risk of mixed wines， new categorization， characteristic index and physicochemical indexes.ConclusionThe comments reflects the key issues in the implementation of GB 2757—2012. The revision of standards should be timely started on the basis of scientific evaluation in the future. At the same time， it is suggested that the publicity， training and consultation should be strenghtened to improve understanding and applying of the standard.

Background and aimsCannabis is one of the most commonly used substances among adolescents and young adults. Earlier age at cannabis initiation is linked to adverse life outcomes, including multi-substance use and dependence. This study estimated the heritability of age at first cannabis use and identified associations with genetic variants.MethodsA twin-based heritability analysis using 8055 twins from three cohorts was performed. We then carried out a genome-wide association meta-analysis of age at first cannabis use in a discovery sample of 24 953 individuals from nine European, North American and Australian cohorts, and a replication sample of 3735 individuals.ResultsThe twin-based heritability for age at first cannabis use was 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 19-60%]. Shared and unique environmental factors explained 39% (95% CI = 20-56%) and 22% (95% CI = 16-29%). The genome-wide association meta-analysis identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 16 within the calcium-transporting ATPase gene (ATP2C2) at P  0.8), with the strongest association at the intronic variant rs1574587 (P = 4.09E-09). Gene-based tests of association identified the ATP2C2 gene on 16q24.1 (P = 1.33e-06). Although the five SNPs and ATP2C2 did not replicate, ATP2C2 has been associated with cocaine dependence in a previous study. ATP2B2, which is a member of the same calcium signalling pathway, has been associated previously with opioid dependence. SNP-based heritability for age at first cannabis use was non-significant.ConclusionAge at cannabis initiation appears to be moderately heritable in western countries, and individual differences in onset can be explained by separate but correlated genetic liabilities. The significant association between age of initiation and ATP2C2 is consistent with the role of calcium signalling mechanisms in substance use disorders.

PurposeVitamin D deficiency is frequent in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), however, its prognostic relevance in MM was rather inconclusive. We first investigated the association of vitamin D deficiency with abnormal bone and lipid metabolism in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), and next assessed the impact of serum ratio of vitamin D to carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall free survival (OS) in patients with NDMM.MethodsThe data of 431 consecutive patients with NDMM at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2013 to December 2022 were collected and retrospectively reviewed through our electronic medical record system. The measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood is an indicator of an individual’s overall vitamin D status.ResultsThe serum levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with β-CTX in NDMM patients. Of note, positive correlation between vitamin D and cholesterol levels in the serum was found in this study. The cohort (n = 431) was divided into two groups based on the serum ratio of vitamin D to β-CTX. Compared to the group with a higher vitamin D to β-CTX ratio, the group with a lower vitamin D to β-CTX ratio (n = 257, 60%) exhibited hypocholesterolemia, inferior PFS and OS, along with increased cases of ISS stage-III and R-ISS stage-III, a higher number of plasma cells in the bone marrow, and elevated serum calcium levels. Consistent with this, multivariate analysis confirmed that the vitamin D to β-CTX ratio was an independent unfavorable indicator for survival in NDMM patients.ConclusionOur data demonstrated the ratio of vitamin D to β-CTX in the serum is a unique biomarker for NDMM patients to identify the high-risk cases with poor prognosis, which is superior to vitamin D itself for predicting PFS and OS in NDMM. Also, it is worth mentioning that our data on the connection between vitamin D deficiency and hypocholesterolemia might help clarify novel mechanistic aspects of myeloma development.

ObjectivePrecise risk stratification is increasingly essential in the management of multiple myeloma (MM) as some standard-risk (SR) patients still exhibit similar poor outcomes as genetically high-risk (GHR) patients in the era of novel agents. It has recently been demonstrated that functional high-risk (FHR) patients, those with suboptimal response to first-line induction therapy or early relapse within 12 months, have identifiable molecular characteristics from the SR group in the CoMMpass dataset. However, these findings lack practical validation in the real world.MethodsMM cells purified by CD138 microbeads from newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients received fluorescence in situ hybridization and sequencing with a 92-gene Panel. Cytogenetic abnormalities defined GHR patients with t(4;14) or t(14;16) or complete loss of functional P53 or 1q21 gain and International Staging System (ISS) stage 3. SR group was patients who did not fulfill any criteria for GHR or FHR.ResultsThere were 145 patients with NDMM, 78 in the SR group, 56 in the GHR group, and 11 in the FHR group. In the FHR group, eight patients were suboptimal responses to induction therapy, and three relapsed within 12 months. We found that male patients, patients with extra-medullary plasmacytoma (EMD), circulating clonal plasma cells (CPC) ≥0.05%, and P53 mono-allelic inactivation were significantly higher in the FHR group compared to the SR group. After a median follow-up of 21.0 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.0 months, 19.1 months and 36.6 months in the FHR, GHR, and SR groups, respectively. Compared to the SR group, FHR patients had a higher frequency of mutations in MKI67, ERN1, and EML4. GO analysis showed that mutations in FHR were enriched for oxidative stress, chromosomal segregation, and hypoxia tolerance.ConclusionThe FHR found in the SR NDMM patient group has unique clinical features, including being male, with EMD and CPC, and genetic characteristics of mutations affecting oxidative stress, chromosome segregation, and hypoxia tolerance. In contrast to previous reports, our data suggested that patients with P53 mono-allelic inactivation should be classified in the GHR group rather than the FHR group.

In the practice of forensic pathology, fat embolism is one of the common causes of death, which can be divided into two categories: traumatic and non-traumatic. Non-traumatic fat embolism refers to the blockage of small blood vessels by fat droplets in the circulatory blood flow caused by non-traumatic factors such as underlying diseases, stress, poisoning and lipid metabolism disorders. At present, it is believed that the production of non-traumatic fat embolism is related to the disturbance of lipid metabolism, C-reactive protein-related cascade reaction, the agglutination of chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein. The forensic identification of the cause of death of non-traumatic fat embolism is mainly based on the case, systematic autopsy, HE staining and fat staining, but it is often missed or misdiagnosed by forensic examiners because of its unknown risk factors, hidden onset, the difficulty of HE staining observation and irregular implementation of fat staining. In view of the lack of attention to non-traumatic fat embolism in forensic identification, this paper reviews the concepts, pathophysiological mechanism, research progress, existing problems and countermeasures of non-traumatic fat embolism, providing reference for forensic scholars.

To give play to the modeling advantages of the logical Petri net for batch processing and uncertainty of value transfer, this paper integralings the relevant game elements of multi-agent game process, excutes models for the multi-agent decision problem, solves the problem of multi-agent dynamic game decision optimization and puts forward logic game decision Petri net.Above all, this paper defines the properties of each token as rational persons and its utility function values, and provide the definition of utility functions and state probability transfer function.Next, this paper introduces decision transition, determines the optimal decision transition as per the comparison of token utility function value as well as provides related algorithm.Finally, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic game decision process of emergency are carried out based on logical game decision Petri net, and the dynamic game process is analyzed based on the reachability graph constructed by reachability identification.The algorithm is described for the generation of reachability graph, and how to solve the dynamic game decision problem is discussed, thus the optimal emergency pre-arranged plan is generated and the resource conflict in the process of emergency is analyzed by the logic game decision model of emergency.On this basis, this paper verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the model in the analysis of the emergency decision process.

Tea plants are a perennial crop with significant economic value. Chlorophyll, a key factor in tea leaf color and photosynthetic efficiency, is affected by the photoperiod and usually exhibits diurnal and seasonal variations. In this study, high-throughput transcriptomic analysis was used to study the chlorophyll metabolism, under different photoperiods, of tea plants. We conducted a time-series sampling under a skeleton photoperiod (6L6D) and continuous light conditions (24 L), measuring the chlorophyll and carotenoid content at a photoperiod interval of 3 h (24 h). Transcriptome sequencing was performed at six time points across two light cycles, followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify and annotate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chlorophyll metabolism. The results revealed distinct expression patterns of key genes in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. The expression levels of CHLE (magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase gene), CHLP (geranylgeranyl reductase gene), CLH (chlorophyllase gene), and POR (cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase gene), encoding enzymes in chlorophyll synthesis, were increased under continuous light conditions (24 L). At 6L6D, the expression levels of CHLP1.1, POR1.1, and POR1.2 showed an oscillating trend. The expression levels of CHLP1.2 and CLH1.1 showed the same trend, they both decreased under light treatment and increased under dark treatment. Our findings provide potential insights into the molecular basis of how photoperiods regulate chlorophyll metabolism in tea plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid progression of multispectral detectors poses a serious threat to weapon systems and personnel. The efficiency of stealth camouflage materials, however, has strong wavelength dependence, which limits their functionality to a specific spectral range. Here, a multispectral hierarchical metamaterial (MHM) with broadband microwave absorption, gradient infrared (IR) emissivity, and high visible transparency is proposed. The MHM design entails the integration of two distinct functional layers: the infrared camouflage layer (IRCL) and the radar absorbing layer (RAL). Specifically, leveraging the low‐pass and high‐impedance properties of capacitive frequency selective surfaces and adjustable filling ratio of low IR radiation materials, the IRCL achieves simultaneous high microwave transmission and gradient IR emissivity designs (emissivity gradients > 0.15 at 3–5 and 8–14 µm). The RAL achieves broadband microwave absorption across radar C, X, Ku, and Ka bands through a circuit‐analog absorber designed with lossy materials. Furthermore, prioritizing materials with high transparency enhances the average optical transmittance (>61.8%) of MHM in 380–760 nm. These distinctive features underscore the potential of the proposed MHM for advanced applications in camouflage and stealth technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionHuman oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer and has a poor survival rate. Cell-cell communication between OSCC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays important roles in OSCC progression. We previously demonstrated that CAFs promote OSCC cell migration and invasion. However, how OSCC cells influence CAFs proliferation is unknown.Knockdown of PVT1 was confirmed using lentivirus infection technique. CAFs in tissues were identified by staining the cells with α-SMA using immunohistochemical technique. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The mRNA level of a gene was measured by qRT-PCR. Secreted TGF-β were detected using ELISA assay.We found that knockdown of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) was associated with a low density of CAFs in xenograft tumors in mice; further analysis revealed that PVT1 in OSCC cells induced CAF proliferation through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β.Our results demonstrate that lncRNA PVT1 in tumor cells participates in CAF development in OSCC by regulating TGF-β. This study revealed a new mechanism by which PVT1 regulates OSCC progression and PVT1 is a potential therapeutic target in OSCC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the three‐dimensional (3D) incompressible anisotropic Boussinesq system while the velocity of fluid only involves horizontal dissipation and the temperature has a damping term. By utilizing the structure of the system, the energy methods and the means of bootstrapping argument, we prove the global stability property in the Sobolev space Hk(ℝ3)(k≥3)$$ {H}^k\left({\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}}^3\right)\left(k\ge 3\right) $$ of perturbations near the hydrostatic equilibrium. Moreover, we take an effective approach to obtain the optimal decay rates for the global solution itself as well as its derivatives. In this paper, we aim to reveal the mechanism of how the temperature helps stabilize the fluid. Additionally, exploring the stability of perturbations near hydrostatic equilibrium may provide valuable insights into specific severe weather phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, pathological characteristics, and prognosis in myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN) with renal arteritis. The study involved 97 children from five pediatric clinical centers with MPO-AAGN who exhibited distinct clinical features. The patients were divided into AAGN-A+ and AAGN-A−, based on the presence or absence of arteritis, and the disparities in clinical, histopathological characteristics, and prognosis between the two groups was evaluated. In contrast to the AAGN-A− group, the children in the AAGN-A+ group exhibited more pronounced clinical symptoms and renal pathological injury. Arteritis positively moderately correlated with the serum creatinine, interleukin-6, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, negatively moderately correlated with serum complement C3. The renal survival rate in the AAGN-A+ group was significantly poorer than AAGN-A− group (χ2 = 4.278, p = 0.039). Arteritis showed a good predictive value for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and C3 deposition, ANCA renal risk score and arteritis were independent risk factors for the development of ESKD in children with MPO-AAGN. Arteritis is a significant pathological change observed in children with MPO-AAGN, and the formation of arteritis may be related to the inflammatory response and activation of the complement system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the determination method, spreading mechanism and influencing factors of the plastic hinge length for asymmetrical flanged walls using the finite element method. The plastic hinge length of flanged walls under flange-in-compression loading is generally greater than that under flange-in-tension loading. Based on the results, simple equations for predicting the plastic hinge length of flanged walls and which consider the contributions of the moment gradient, diagonal shear cracks, and strain penetration are proposed. Through comparison with the existing equations and design codes, the predicted plastic hinge lengths obtained from the proposed equations accord better with the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface quality of milled blade-root grooves in industrial turbine blades significantly influences their mechanical properties. The surface texture reveals the interaction between the tool and the workpiece during the machining process, which plays a key role in determining the surface quality. In addition, there is a significant correlation between acoustic vibration signals and surface texture features. However, current research on surface quality is still relatively limited, and most considers only a single signal. In this paper, 160 sets of industrial field data were collected by multiple sensors to study the surface quality of a blade-root groove. A surface texture feature prediction method based on acoustic vibration signal fusion is proposed to evaluate the surface quality. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to process the signal, and the clean and smooth features are extracted by combining wavelet denoising and multivariate smoothing denoising. At the same time, based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, the surface texture image features of different angles of the blade-root groove are extracted to describe the texture features. The fused acoustic vibration signal features are input, and the texture features are output to establish a texture feature prediction model. After predicting the texture features, the surface quality is evaluated by setting a threshold value. The threshold is selected based on all sample data, and the final judgment accuracy is 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Polysaccharides are important active ingredients in Ophiocordyceps gracilis with many physiological functions. It can be obtained from the submerged fermentation by the anamorph (Paraisaria dubia) of Ophiocordyceps gracilis. However, it was found that the mycelial pellets of Paraisaria dubia were dense and increased in volume in the process of fermentation, and the center of the pellets was autolysis due to the lack of nutrient delivery, which extremely reduced the yield of polysaccharides. Therefore, it is necessary to excavate a fermentation strategy based on morphological regulation for Paraisaria dubia to promote polysaccharides accumulation. Results In this study, we developed a method for enhancing polysaccharides production by Paraisaria dubia using microparticle enhanced technology, talc microparticle as morphological inducer, and investigated the enhancement mechanisms by transcriptomics. The optimal size and dose of talc were found to be 2000 mesh and 15 g/L, which resulted in a high polysaccharides yield. It was found that the efficient synthesis of polysaccharides requires an appropriate mycelial morphology through morphological analysis of mycelial pellets. And, the polysaccharides synthesis was found to mainly rely on the ABC transporter-dependent pathway revealed by transcriptomics. This method was also showed excellent robustness in 5-L bioreactor, the maximum yields of intracellular polysaccharide and exopolysaccharides were 83.23 ± 1.4 and 518.50 ± 4.1 mg/L, respectively. And, the fermented polysaccharides were stable and showed excellent biological activity. Conclusions This study provides a feasible strategy for the efficient preparation of cordyceps polysaccharides via submerged fermentation with talc microparticles, which may also be applicable to similar macrofungi. Graphical Abstract