Search

SUMO (Small ubiquitin-related modifier) modification, one of the essential posttranslational modifications in eukaryotes, plays an important role in various cellular processes. This review summarized the recent progresses on SUMO substrates in Arabidopsis. We firstly described the pathway of SUMO conjugation, and then focused on screening for SUMO substrates, including the methods of identification and SUMO substrates identified. Finally, we classified these substrates on the basis of their subcellular localization, functions, and biological processes. It is expected to provide the basis for better understanding the roles of sumoylation of proteins in plants.

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped strains, BQ4-1T and NHI3-2, isolated respectively from the healthy and diseased part of Populus ×euramericana canker bark, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic characterization supported the inclusion of the two strains in the genus Acinetobacter , with genomic DNA G+C contents (42.5–43 mol%) within the range observed for this genus (38–47 mol%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1ω9c, 39.87 %), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0, 11.26 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, 18.90 %) as major fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and gyrB gene sequences revealed that strains BQ4-1T and NHI3 did not cluster with any species with validly published names, and formed a distinct cluster with 99–100 % bootstrap support on three phylogenetic trees within the genus Acinetobacter . Acid was not produced from d-glucose, and haemolysis was not observed on agar media supplemented with sheep erythrocytes. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter , for which the name Acinetobacter puyangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BQ4-1T ( = CFCC 10780T = JCM 18011T).

In view of their own limitations of GA[1] and ACA[2][3] in the fault location of distribution network, this paper presents a new group intelligent optimization method which is simple and easy to implement, fast convergence rate, more global optimization ability, etc, and this is the PSO. Then the basic principles of the PSO algorithm and the Standard algorithm of PSO are discussed in details, on the base of that, this paper continues to introduce the principle of PSO algorithm which is used in the fault location of distribution network. This section mainly introduces the structure of distribution network, then makes a brief introduction of the fault location algorithm, finally writes out the detailed steps of PSO algorithm. When already understood the principles and algorithms, a detailed analysis of the distribution network. This paper makes use of this method in the process of the location of transformer combined with the high accuracy of fault location which avoid the possibility of local convergence. Finally this paper gives the analysis of case, the result shows that the proposed method of distribution network fault location is feasible.

This paper develops a control device for distribution transformer neutral current and loss caused by unbalanced loads. Due to multi-objective optimization, its control strategy is designed, considering the reliable operation of distribution transformers and its performance. This device can gather power quality parameters, calculate the optimal regulation and control capacitor switching, which consists of power quality acquisition unit, central processing unit (CPU), capacitor control cabinet and power supply. After simulation and experiment, the result shows device can achieve target by dynamic adjustment.

Four witches'-broom diseases associated with Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Crotalaria pallida, Tephrosia purpurea, and Cleome viscosa were observed in Hainan Province, China during field surveys in 2004, 2005, and 2007. In previously reported studies, we identified these four phytoplasmas as members of subgroup 16SrII-A, and discovered that their 16S rRNA gene sequences were 99.9-100% identical to one another. In this study, we performed extensive phylogenetic analyses to elucidate relationships among them. We analyzed sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and rplV-rpsC, rpoB, gyrB, dnaK, dnaJ, recA, and secY combined sequence data from two strains each of the four phytoplasmas from Hainan province, as well as strains of peanut witches'-broom from Taiwan (PnWB-TW), "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense", "Ca. Phytoplasma mali AT", aster yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma AYWB, and onion yellows phytoplasma OY-M. In the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree, the eight Hainan strains form a clade with PnWB-TW. Analysis of the seven concatenated gene regions indicated that the four phytoplasmas collected from Hainan province cluster most closely with one another, but are closely related to PnWB-TW. The results of field survey and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Cr. pallida, T. purpurea, and Cl. viscosa may be natural plant hosts of peanut witches'-broom phytoplasma.

In order to effectively predict wind farm power with non-linear and non-stationary characteristics, a prediction model based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and radial basis function neural networks(RBFNN) was designed. The forecast model uses EMD to decompose the wind power into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and one residue. The RBFNN was used to construct a prediction model for each IMF component and the residue, the input variables of the prediction model are triple: wind speed, wind direction, and history wind power. All the prediction results of components were aggregated to obtain the ultimate prediction result. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional prediction method based on artificial neural networks, this method has high prediction precision and strong adaptability.

Angelica dahurica is an important Chinese herbal medicine plant, and its rhizome is of high medicinal value. In recent years, a severe decline in yield has been observed in Bozhou City (China's largest A. dahurica producing area), Anhui province, China. It showed symptoms of decline, stunting, yellowing and many galls in the roots, which was the characterization of infestation by root-knot nematodes. A survey of root-knot nematodes on its roots was conducted in this area from June to September, 2011. Based on our results, the nematode species on A. dahurica was identified as Meloidogyne arenaria by the morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria on A. dahurica in China.

Modeling and simulation technology is the key technical one of researching and developing pure electric car. Firstly analyzes system structure of the simulation software ADVISOR (Advanced Vehicle Simulator), use ADVISOR to model and simulate the dynamic performance of the pure electric vehicle. And then take a pure electric vehicle for example, mainly simulate the dynamic performance in the way of the typical working conditions CYC_UDDS, and compare dynamic performance simulation results under two different transmission, optimalize dynamic performance of pure electric vehicle.

Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile bacterial strains were isolated from the bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. Growth occurred between 10 and 37 °C and at pH 6-10, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. Growth occurred at 0-3 % (w/v) salinity. The strains were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The phospholipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids and five glycolipids. The peptidoglycan type was A4α, which is based on l-Lys-d-Ser-d-Asp. The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Jonesiaceae. The name proposed is Populibacterium corticicola gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Populibacterium corticicola is 2D-4T (=CFCC 11886T=KCTC 33576T).

Previous studies found that maternal Cd exposure on gestational day (GD)9 caused forelimb ectrodactyly and tail deformity, the characteristic malformations. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether maternal Cd exposure on GD8 induces fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). Pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with CdCl2 (2.5 or 5.0mg/kg) on GD8. Neither forelimb ectrodactyly nor tail deformity was observed in mice injected with CdCl2 on GD8. Instead, maternal Cd exposure on GD8 resulted in the incidence of NTDs. Moreover, maternal Cd exposure on GD8 resulted in fetal growth restriction. In addition, maternal Cd exposure on GD8 reduced placental weight and diameter. The internal space of maternal and fetal blood vessels in the labyrinth layer was decreased in the placentas of mice treated with CdCl2. Additional experiment showed that placental PCFT protein and mRNA, a critical folate transporter, was persistently decreased when dams were injected with CdCl2 on GD8. Correspondingly, embryonic folate content was markedly decreased in mice injected with CdCl2 on GD8, whereas Cd had little effect on folate content in maternal serum. Taken together, these results suggest that maternal Cd exposure during organogenesis disturbs transport of folate from maternal circulation to the fetuses through down-regulating placental folate transporters.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can stimulate the production of antibodies to structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. However, vaccination with an inactivated or attenuated HAV vaccine produces antibodies mainly against structural proteins, whereas no or very limited antibodies are produced against the non-structural proteins. Current diagnostic assays to determine exposure to HAV, such as the Abbott HAV AB test, detect antibodies only to the structural proteins and so are not able to distinguish a natural infection from vaccination with an inactivated or attenuated virus. Here, we constructed a recombinant tandem multi-epitope diagnostic antigen (designated 'H1') based on the immune-dominant epitopes of the non-structural proteins of HAV to distinguish the two situations. H1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity and anion exchange chromatography was applied in a double-antigen sandwich ELISA for the detection of anti-non-structural HAV proteins, which was confirmed to distinguish a natural infection from vaccination with an inactivated or attenuated HAV vaccine.

To explore the different exercise intensities breaststroke exercise on cardiovascular function, from exercise intensity angle to choose reasonable breaststroke intervention means in the improvement of cardiovascular function and provide a theoretical basis. Methods: randomly selected 60 samples, the control group routine life and learning, without any form of physical exercise, the experimental group for18 weeks of different intensity exercise the breaststroke, each group weekly exercise two lessons, each lesson is 90 minutes, including the preparation, basic and relaxation part. Results: 1) HR, MSP and reduced significantly, SI, CI, MDP value rose somewhat, MAP values decreased slightly; 2) in the strength group SV elevated and very significant, HR, MSP, MDP, MAP decreased significantly, SI increased significantly; 3) large strength of group SV, SI increased and HR decreased, and were very significant, MSP, MDP, MAP decreased significantly. Conclusion: The different intensities of breaststroke exercise can have a positive impact on cardiovascular function and blood indices. In the strength group breaststroke exercise on cardiovascular function had the best effect. Index Terms - Breaststroke; blood indexes; student

The aim to raise customer loyalty in telecom market requires an emphasis on one-to-one marketing and personalized services. To this end, it is essential to understand individual customer preferences for services. In this paper an improved fast hierarchical clustering algorithm (IFHCA) is proposed firstly. Then a method for identifying dial-up user preferences based on IFHCA is presented, in order to discover the pattern of users' preferences and recommend the most appropriate services. Finally, this paper analyses the relationship between users' preferences with on-line duration and traffic. Experiment result shows that IFHCA is of advantages such as analyzing on preference patterns of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) users accurately, lower time complexity than the classical hierarchical clustering algorithm (CHCA) to mining large dataset efficiently. Besides, the result is provided for selective management and commercial package customization.

Developing a transformer loss monitoring and warning online equipment, introduces the theory, composition and application of the system. The whole system consists of monitoring terminal and the monitoring center. Monitoring terminal obtains transformer loss by acquiring transformer secondary current signal. When transformer loss is high, the staff takes order to reduce the loss and improves energy efficiency according to the data.

In the spectral emissivity measurement of material, one domain uncertainty source is the measurement of the actual sample surface temperature. This paper presents a novel method on heating the sample—the four channel hot air heating method, with the purpose of making sure that the heat flux is nearly equal to zero inside the sample, which is essential for the low thermal conductive materials. So the temperature difference between the sample surface and inside can be neglected. The FEA (Finite Element Analysis) method, through using FLUENT, was adopted to numerically simulate the temperature profile of the new heating system. The simulation results showed that temperature profile at the direction of X in ±15 mm ranges at the central area of exits of the air-guide duct is almost at ±5°C and at the direction of Y in ±15 mm ranges is nearly ±10°C. The temperature profile was experimentally studied by using thermocouples, the numerical simulation and experimental results were in good coherence.

In order to eliminate the temperature difference between center measurement points and surface temperature of the material samples with low thermal conductivity, this paper introduces a new hot airflow double-sided heating method for sample, and describes its principle, application, and the impact of the existing and novel methods on the measurement results of spectral emissivity. Also, we analyze and compare the results of two different samples obtained with these two heating methods. The new method for material samples with low thermal conductivity has outstanding advantages and potential applications.

The CO-OFDM single-mode optical fiber system is constructed by the Matlab coupled with the Optisystem. And the influence of different channel algorithm on the receiver of system is researched. The simulation results show that the system performance is improved by using LS or LMMSE channel algorithm. And the LMMSE channel algorithm can provide better performance than the LS channel algorithm. Compared with LS algorithm, the required receiver OSNR is reduced by about 1 dB using improved LMMSE algorithm at bit-error-rate (BER) =10-4 in the CO-OFDM single-mode optical fiber system.

High phase noise and low phase noise have been consideration in CO-OFDM systems, respectively. The hybrid mitigation algorithm is optimized to approach to high phase noise and low phase noise environment, and a hybrid half-blind phase noise compensation algorithm is proposed, which could be suitable to shifty DFB laser linewidth. 4QAM and 16QAM are used to modulate binary signal. The new proposed phase noise compensation algorithm is considered a mitigation method which has the ability of half-blind self-adaptation. It deduces the coefficient matrix in high and low phase noise compensation matrix and could improve performance under high or low modulation index situation.

Based on existing study on image and symbol, two new concepts are proposed, user image and product symbol for design field. The process of establishing images of users and the influence factors on them were described. How to use the product symbolic form, content, sort to design were also illustrated. On the basis of the above theories, the research laid emphasis on how to make designers construct effectively the corresponding relationship of product symbol and user image and to apply the correspondence to design. It is demonstrated with an example, how to use the process of the new user images which is based on oriented product symbols to design.

Image can invoke people’s association with the past scene and experience, so products blending with images can resonate with the users and convey correctly the product information and ideas. The analysis of the signan and designatum function of the product symbols indicates the corresponding relationship of the image and the product symbol and shows the direction for injecting images into the products. This paper, in terms of acquiring image information accurately and getting the explicature features and studying them, puts forward the design methods. The design methods include the image description model and product form design process, which have instilled new ideas into the product symbol design regarding the image.

The spectral responsivity of the filter radiometer（FR）is an essential parameter which needs to be measured accurately in the radiometric determination of the thermodynamic temperature. In this paper the facility of the spectral responsivity measurement and a 900 nm centered FR are studied. The influence issues of the facility and the FR, including the central region, wings and the wavelength step, are discussed. The measurement repeatability of the integration of spectral responsivity is estimated 0.03%, which is suitable for the requirement.

LongYan kaolin has a large Fe content which affects the coloring. Bioleaching treatments to remove Fe impurities were conducted here using indigenous dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. The factors that affect bioleaching efficiency include bioleaching time, carbon source, pH, temperature, pulp density, and inoculum density and these were examined. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to examine any textural or mineralogical changes at the surface of the kaolin that may have occurred during the bioleaching. Iron impurities in the kaolin were reduced from 0.88% to 0.48% with an increase in the natural whiteness index from 60.8% to 81.5% after 7 days of bioleaching treatment. A granulometric analysis of dispersed kaolin demonstrated that the bioleaching resulted in a decrease in particle size. The results demonstrated that the bioleaching was very effective at improving the quality of the kaolin, where insoluble Fe(III), either adsorbed to the kaolin surfaces or admixed as amorphous forms, was leached out by micro organisms as water-soluble Fe(II).

The mono-modified β-cyclodextrin derivative, 6-O-(4-aminobenzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin (1), was synthesized and characterized. We compared its self-assembling behavior with structurally related β-cyclodextrin derivative, 6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin (2), in aqueous solution and in the solid state using NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The two complexes displayed different self-assembling behaviors. Complex 1 formed a head-to-tail helical columnar superstructure in which the substituent group penetrated deeply into the hydrophobic cavity of the adjacent β-cyclodextrin from the second side and aligned along the screw axis, whereas 2 exhibited a channel superstructure with a tail-to-tail dimer as the repeating motif. Further NMR studies in aqueous solution supported the result of the solid state. The influence of substituent groups on the self-assembly behavior was examined in mono-modified β-cyclodextrins by means of substituting an amino group for a hydroxyl group, which indicates that the weak intermolecular interaction is a critical factor in determining the self-assembling behavior.

The supramolecular self-assembly formed by newly synthesized mono-6-(4-cyano-phenyl)-β-cyclodextrin through the molecular interpenetration has been investigated and compared in both solution and the solid state, which was characterized by X-ray crystallography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The crystal structure clearly revealed that the benzonitrile group is consecutively inserted into the adjacent cyclodextrin cavity from the second side, thus giving rise to an unusual interlocked helical supramolecular self-assembly in which the benzonitrile group acts as bridge between the cyclodextrin units. As compared with crystal, the conformation in aqueous solution indicates that the benzonitrile group prefer to be self-assembled included into another cavity from the second side of cyclodextrin to form the self-assembly.

This paper studied the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the removal of iron impurities from kaolin using dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (DIRB). Iron impurities in the kaolin were removed using glucose, sucrose, food-sugar, maltose and soluble starch as different carbon sources with removal efficiencies in the order: monosaccharide > disaccharide > polysaccharide. More than 50% of the iron impurities were removed from kaolin with an increase of whiteness index from 61% to 82% at 5% (mass/mass) of food-sugar, indicating that food-sugar could alternatively be used as a bulk carbon source to reduce the operational cost of bioleaching. Addition of (NH4)2SO4 to the bioleaching medium accelerated the bioleaching rate. The samples before and after bioleaching were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Iron was selectively leached from the kaolin without formation of a secondary mineral phase, structural changes were not observed but the crystallinity was improved.

The inclusion complex (1) of with β-cyclodextrin-p-nitrophenoxyacetic acid was synthesized and characterized. Its inclusion behavior was investigated by means of X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state. The crystallographic study shows that one β-cyclodextrin co-crystallize with one p-nitrophenoxyacetic acid, and 17 water molecules in the Monoclinic system with unit cell constants: a = 18.6864(16), b = 24.961(2), c = 16.6644(14) A, β = 105.129(5)°. Two β-cyclodextrins are held together by hydrogen bonds to form head-to-head dimers. The disordered guest molecule molulates itself to attain the most stable accommodation into the cavity in which the nitro group is located at the dimer interface while the carboxyl group buried in the primary hydroxyl groups of β-CD. The further 2D NMR spectroscopy investigation in solution supports the inclusion mode of the solid state. The inclusion behavior of β-CD with p-NPOAA shows that β-CD forms a 1:1 complex with p-NPOAA, in which the nitro group of guest is located at the second hydroxyl groups and the carboxyl group is buried in the primary hydroxyl groups of β-CD.

We introduce a new method for separation/enrichment of the low-content cellular protein in high molecular weight on the basis of molecular imprinting. The template protein, bacterial cloned immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP), was selectively assembled with assistant recognition polymer chains (ARPCs) from their library, which consists of numerous limited length polymer chains with randomly distributed recognition and immobilizing sites. The assemblies of proteins and ARPCs were adsorbed by porous polymeric beads and immobilized by cross-linking polymerization. After the template was removed, the synthesized imprinted polymer was used to adsorb authentic BiP from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) extract, and its proportional content was enriched 45 times. It is the first time that the low-content cellular natural protein, whose molecular weight reaches 78 kDa, is enriched by molecular imprinting.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. At present, there are substantial evidences to support the hypothesis that genetics plays a crucial role. The people who have genetic predisposing genes easily develop immune-mediated disorder, probably in conjunction with environmental factors. The aim of this review is to describe recent observations regarding the immunologic pathogenesis of MS.

Our hospital (Shanghai Skin Diseases & STD Hospital) started to study 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in 1996. So far, we have treated 76 cases of skin cancer and pre-cancer using topical ALA-PDT. They included squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Bowen's disease (BD), mammary and extramammary Paget disease, actinic keratosis (AK) and erythroplasia of Queyrat. In this overview article, we would like to present several representative cases and discuss our experience.

The weak inclusion complex of cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin, betaCD) with p-nitrobenzoic acid was investigated in the solid state. Crystallography shows that two betaCD molecules co-crystallize with two p-nitrobenzoic acids and 28.5 water molecules [2(C(42)H(70)O(35))x2(C(7)H(5)NO(4))x28.5H(2)O] in the triclinic system.

Peripheral nerve injury has been shown to result in ectopic spontaneous discharges on soma and injured sites of sensory neurons, thereby inducing neuropathic pain. With the increase of membrane proteins on soma and injured site neurons, the negatively charged sialic acids bind to the external domains of membrane proteins, resulting in an increase of this charge. We therefore speculate that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons may be faster than non-injured neurons. The present study established rat models of neuropathic pain via chronic constriction injury. Results of the cell electrophoresis test revealed that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells was faster than that of non-injured (control) cells. We then treated cells with divalent cations of Ca(2+) and organic compounds with positive charges, polylysine to counteract the negatively charged sialic acids, or neuraminidase to specifically remove sialic acids from the membrane surface of injured neurons. All three treatments significantly reduced the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells. These findings suggest that enhanced sialic acids on injured neurons may accelerate the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons.

To observe the effect of Tangke Decoction (TD) on the expression of TGF-beta1/Smad4 of rats with early diabetes and to explore the effect and mechanism of TD against the renal injury induced by diabetes.SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (n = 12), the model group (n = 10), the Chinese herbs prevented group (n =10), the Chinese herbs treated group (n = 10), and the Western medicine control group (n = 10). TD (18 mg/kg) was given by gastrogavage to rats in the Chinese herbs prevented group immediately after successful modeling for 12 weeks, once daily. At the 4th week of successful modeling, rats in the rest 4 groups were administered by gastrogavage. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the model group and the normal control group. Benazepril suspension (1 mg/kg) was administered by gastrogavage to rats in the Western medicine control group for 8 weeks, once daily. TD (18 mg/kg) was given by gastrogavage to rats in the Chinese herbs treated group for 8 weeks, once daily. The body weight, kidney weight, index of kidney weight, fasting blood sugar, 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate were examined after experiment. The pathological changes of the renal tissue were observed by HE staining, Masson staining, and electron microscope. The expression of renal transforming growth factor-beta1, (TGF-beta1) and Smad4 were detected using immunohistochemical assay.Compared with the normal control group, the body weight of rats decreased significantly; the kidney weight, index of kidney weight, blood sugar, 24 h urinary protein excretion, the urinary albumin excretion rate,TGF-beta1 and Smad4 expression increased significantly in the model group (all P0.01). Compared with the model group, the aforesaid indices were improved in each treatment group with statistical difference (P0.05, P0.01). Compared with the Western medicine control group, the kidney weight, index of kidney weight, blood sugar, 24 h urinary protein excretion, and the urinary albumin excretion rate were obviously improved in the Chinese herbs prevented group (P0.01). The renal pathological changes were most obvious in the model group significantly, but they were improved in all treatment groups.TD could obviously improve the symptoms of diabetes and down-regulate the expression of renal TGF-beta1 and Smad4 of early diabetic nephropathy rats, which suggested that TD had certain preventive effect on early diabetic nephropathy.

A Gram-stain negative, Neisser-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, slimy, glossy bacterial strain with single or clustered coccoid cells and white colony colour, designated as 2-binT, was isolated from cankered bark tissue of Populus × euramericana. The strain was found to grow at 15–40 °C and pH 5–10, with an optimum of 30 °C and pH 8.0. The strain was found to be negative with respect to catalase and positive for oxidase activity, nitrate reduction and Voges–Proskauer reaction. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Lampropedia, having sequence similarity of 96.24 % with Lampropedia hyalina ATCC11041T. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain 2-binT with L. hyalina JCM 21380T was 26.7 ± 4.6 %. The DNA G+C content of strain 2-binT was determined to be 57 % and the major cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c and C18:1 ω7c. The polar lipid profile of strain 2-binT was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and three unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3). Based on molecular data and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain 2-binT is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Lampropedia, for which the name Lampropedia puyangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2-binT (= CFCC 10925T = KCTC 32235T).

A robust entry guidance law is designed for drag tracking in Mars entry atmospheric flight for low-lifting lander with maximum lift-to-drag ratio of only 0.18. In the flight process the bank angle is the only control variable to be modulated to eliminate the tracking error when considering the initial derivation and parameter uncertainties. Firstly the tough problem of the guidance law design is analyzed which the input coefficient of the drag dynamics equations is uncertain due to kinds of parameter uncertainties. In this study, we divided input coefficient on both sides of the drag dynamics. Then the robust control applied to robot manipulators can be adopted for drag tracking in the entire Mars entry atmospheric flight. And we can guarantee uniform ultimate bounded stability of uncertain systems. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulation result demonstrates robust method leads to the landing precision within 15km of a specified parachute deployment piont while subject to significant parameters uncertainties.

To construct full-length hepatitis B core particles presenting preS1 aa 21-47 epitope and truncated core particles presenting preS1 aa 37-45 epitope on their surface and compare their antigenicity.PreS1 aa21-47 epitope and aa 37-45 epitope were inserted respectively into full-length hepatitis B core (aa 1-183) and truncated HBcAg (aa 1-144), between the 78th (Asp) and 79th (Pro). The genes synthesized after the codon optimization were ligated to the pET43. 1a vector with the same cohesive terminal (NdeI and XhoI) and expressed in the E. coli expression system. The morphology of the proteins of interest were observed by electron microscope and characterized by ELISA and Western Blotting.The morphology of the virus-like particles were confirmed by electron microscope. H2 were solid particles with a diameter of (31.61 +/- 1.27) nm, while H3 were hollow particles with a diameter of (28.46 +/- 1.16) nm. Statistical analysis showed that H2 is larger than H3 in the diameter (P0.01). The antigenicity of the inserted epitopes and carrier protein were identified by ELISA and Western Blotting.Chimeric hepatitis B core particles presenting the preS1 neutralizing epitopes on their surface have been expressed, purified and identified, which lays the foundation for its application in vaccine research.

To overexpress hepatitis B virus S gene in CHO cells cultured in serum-free media.Plasmid was constructed by cloning of HBV S gene and then it was transfected into CHO cells. After cell screen, the positive clones were identified and isolated into a serum-free media followed by the serological and morphological characterization of the expression product.CHO cell strains which can express HBsAg efficiently and stably were obtained. Spherical and filamentous HBsAg could be detected under electronic microscope. The titer of the expression product was up to 1:5000.Serum-free media cultured CHO cell strain for overexpression of HBsAg was successfully constructed and the expression product was high antigenic.

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, 2BJ1T and 2C-3-1, were isolated from canker bark of Populus × euramericana collected from different locations in Puyang City, Henan Province, China. The two strains were characterized using nutritional and physiological testing and DNA sequence analysis. They were found to produce acid from d-glucose. Haemolysis was not observed on agar medium supplemented with sheep erythrocytes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and gyrB gene sequences revealed that the strains formed a distinct cluster with 100 % bootstrap support within the genus Acinetobacter in all phylogenetic trees. The phenotypic characteristics most useful for the differentiation of the two strains from other species of the genus Acinetobacter were their ability to grow at 41 °C and to assimilate malonate, phenylacetate and trigonelline. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter , for which the name Acinetobacter qingfengensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2BJ1T ( = CFCC 10890T = KCTC 32225T).

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has led to recent outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in China, resulting in high mortality. In this study, several monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing mice with two synthetic peptides, SP55 and SP70, containing amino acids 163-177 and 208-222 of VP1. The specificities of the anti-EV71 peptide monoclonal antibodies were confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry against EV71 virus. Most importantly, we have identified a monoclonal antibody, clone 22A12, which shows strong neutralizing activity against EV71 in an in vitro neutralization assay. Because there is no vaccine available and treatment is very limited, mouse anti-EV71 monoclonal antibody, clone 22A12, could be a promising candidate to be humanized and used for treatment of EV71 infection.

An inclusion complex formed by beta-cyclodextrin and quinine has been investigated in solution and in the solid state, in which the quinoline ring and the aliphatic ring locate in different hydrophobic cavities, respectively. The study on the inclusion geometry and weak interactions shows that the difference in conformation for this complex is a result of three main packing arrangement considerations, which can provide an ideal model mimicking enzyme-substrate interactions.

To establish a novel improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique to detect hepatitis A virus (HAV).A novel improved LAMP assay based on the addition of an acceleration primer was developed for hepatitis A virus nucleotide acid detection.Precision and reproducibility analysis proved its high stability and reliability. Comparison between the improved and conventional LAMP assays revealed that the former was more sensitive with a detection limit of 5 TCID50/ml. The novel detection method displayed 100% consistency with the TaqMan real-time PCR assay when applied to clinical specimens collected from patients with confirmed acute HAV infection.This novel technique is widely applicable as a simple diagnostic tool in the clinical field as well as for the surveillance and investigation of the infectious disease in developing countries where HAV is endemic.

To study the influence of HPMC as hydrophilic matrix materials and controlled-layer components on the drug release of sustained-release matrix tablets and bilayer tablets.Diltiazem hydrochloride was chosen as the water-soluble model drug to prepare different kinds of matrix tablets and double layer tablets with different formulations, and evaluate how the levels and grades of HPMC affect the drug release in sustained-release tablets and bilayer tablets.HPMC with high viscosity and the amount of 20%-40% could delay the drug release to certain degree, but it was difficult to further slow down the drug release up to 24 h, especially for a water soluble drug. Combining HPMC with 5%-20% of CMC-Na was proven to be an effective way to achieve the 24 h release profile with the water soluble drug. HPMC was also investigated as a component in the double layer tablet as base layer. Drug release was complicated compared with EC as the base layer in the double layer tablet due to the great swelling ability of HPMC. HPMC's larger swilling let it form a big cap to retard the drug release, which could significantly affect the drug release with a large ratio of the base layer to the drug layer; furthermore increasing the quality of 10%-40% of the base layer and the proportion of HPMC could reduce the initial burst release.The grade/level of HPMC and combinations with other matrix materials had a big impact on the drug release. HPMC could be used in the base layer of the double tablet to alternate the drug release profile, and reduce the initial burst release of the double-layer matrix tablet, and potentially change the drug mechanism.

To study the effect of gene optimization on the expression and purification of HDV small antigen produced by genetic engineering.Based on the colon preference of E. coli, the HDV small antigen original gene from GenBank was optimized. Both the original gene and the optimized gene expressed in prokaryotic cells, SDS-PAGE was made to analyze the protein expression yield and to decide which protein expression style was more proportion than the other. Furthermore, two antigens were purified by chromatography in order to compare the purity by SDS-PAGE and Image Lab software.SDS-PAGE indicated that the molecular weight of target proteins from two groups were the same as we expected. Gene optimization resulted in the higher yield and it could make the product more soluble. After chromatography, the purity of target protein from optimized gene was up to 96.3%, obviously purer than that from original gene.Gene optimization could increase the protein expression yield and solubility of genetic engineering HDV small antigen. In addition, the product from the optimized gene group was easier to be purified for diagnosis usage.

Four witches'-broom diseases associated with Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Crotalaria pallida, Tephrosia purpurea, and Cleome viscosa were observed in Hainan Province, China during field surveys in 2004, 2005, and 2007. In previously reported studies, we identified these four phytoplasmas as members of subgroup 16SrII-A, and discovered that their 16S rRNA gene sequences were 99.9-100% identical to one another. In this study, we performed extensive phylogenetic analyses to elucidate relationships among them. We analyzed sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and rplV-rpsC, rpoB, gyrB, dnaK, dnaJ, recA, and secY combined sequence data from two strains each of the four phytoplasmas from Hainan province, as well as strains of peanut witches'-broom from Taiwan (PnWB-TW), "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense", "Ca. Phytoplasma mali AT", aster yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma AYWB, and onion yellows phytoplasma OY-M. In the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree, the eight Hainan strains form a clade with PnWB-TW. Analysis of the seven concatenated gene regions indicated that the four phytoplasmas collected from Hainan province cluster most closely with one another, but are closely related to PnWB-TW. The results of field survey and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Cr. pallida, T. purpurea, and Cl. viscosa may be natural plant hosts of peanut witches'-broom phytoplasma.

As 1.398 neutral proteinase (from B. subtilis As 1.398) was immobilized on the loose chitosan-precipitate by simultaneous adsorption and covalent bonding. The optimum activity of the chitosan-immobilized proteinase to soybean protein is at pH 8.O. The profiles of proteolytic activity with regard to temperature, as with soybean protein as substrate, show two peaks at 40 and 60 °C, respectively. The proteolytic activity toward soybean protein at 60 °C is significantly higher than that at 40 °C. The maximum extent of hydrolysis of soybean protein by the immobilized proteinase is about 23% which is substantially lower than that of casein. Heating increases the susceptibility of soybean protein to the immobilized proteinase, but not the maximum extent of hydrolysis. In addition, the composition of free amino acids in hydrolyzed soybean protein was analyzed.

The performance and morphology stability of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor and indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) or methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the acceptor are compared. Effect of the different donor and acceptor weight ratios on photovoltaic performance of the P3HT:ICBA device is studied. The optimal device achieved power conversion efficiency of 5.51% with J sc of 10.86mA/cm2, V oc of 0.83 V, and fill factor (FF) of 61.1 % under AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm2) simulated solar illumination. However, the stability measurement shows that cells based on P3HT:ICBA are less stable than those of the device based on P3HT:PCBM. Atomic force microscope results reveal that the morphology of the P3HT:ICBA film changed considerably during the storage periods due to unstable interpenetrating D-A network. This observation can be explained by the fact that there is lack of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the P3HT:ICBA system. However, in the P3HT:PCBM system the molecules in the blend film are firmly held together in the solid state by means of intermolecular hydrogen bonds originating from C-HOs bonds (where Os comes from the singly-bonded O atom of PCBM), forming a stable three-dimensional network. The measured PL decay lifetimes for P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:ICBA systems are 33.66 ns and 35.34 ns, respectively, indicating that the P3HT:ICBA system has a less efficient exciton separation efficiency than that of P3HT:PCBM, which may result in the interfacial photogenerated charges accumulated on the D: A interface. Such progressive phase segregation between P3HT and ICBA eventually leads to the degradation in performance and deteriorates the stability of the device. We also present an approach to enhance the stability of P3HT:ICBA systems by adding PCBM as the second acceptor. Our results show that by carefully tuning the contents of PCBM as the second acceptor, more stable polymer solar cells can be obtained.

To study the release profiles of Ambroxol hydrochloride in matrix tablets with different fillers and controlled release materials, and investigate the potential impact on different fillers on the matrix tablet's scale-up.Ambroxol hydrochloride was chosen as the model drug to make single-layer matrix tablets with different types of hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose as matrix material, and lactose or microcrystalline cellulose as the filler. In vitro dissolution test was used to evaluate the drug release performance of the matrix tablets made. Also ethyl cellulose was used to prepare double-layer matrix tablets to investigate how different kinds of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and fillers would affect the drug release in double-layer matrix tablets.The drug release rate of single-layer tablets with lactose and HPMC decreased significantly with the increase of the level and viscosity of HPMC. However the release profile only slightly slowed down with the increase of the content and viscosity of HPMC for single-layer matrix tablets of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Compared with the single-layer tablets, the level and viscosity of HPMC had less impact on the drug release of the double-layer matrix tablets.The matrix tablet with lactose and HPMC has greater flexibility to design formulations with different drug release rate, however the introduction of other process parameters during the scale-up could lead the shifting of the drug release profile from small scale batches. The drug release profiles of matrix tablets with insoluble filler-MCC only change within a small range with the increase of the level and viscosity of HPMC. From the formulation design point of view, it could be necessary to select different type of controlled release polymers to meet the design requirement.

To prepare HDAg with biological activities as a candidate of diagnostic reagent.To synthesize HDV gene fragment after codon optimization. To construct a thio-fused recombinant plasmid based on M48 expression vector. To express in E. coli induced by IPTG. To purify the protein by affinity chromatography followed by characterization in ELISA:Plasmid construction was verified by enzyme digestion. SDS-PAGE indicated the molecular weight of the protein was the same as we expectation. ELISA proved its affinity with HDV antibodies.HDAg was obtained successfully and it will pave the road to the research of HDV diagnostic reagent.

To explore the effect of Fasudil on LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia in inflammatory reaction and phenotype conversion.The routinely cultured BV-2 microglia in vitro were divided into PBS control group, PBS plus Fasudil treatment group, LPS stimulation group and LPS plus Fasudil group. We determined the production of NO by Griess reaction, the level of TNF-α by ELISA, and analyzed the M1 and M2 phenotypes of microglia by flow cytometry.The treatment of LPS lead to the characteristics of M1 phenotype in BV-2 microglia. Fasudil inhibited the production of NO and the release of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Interestingly, Fasudil transformed inflammatory M1 cells to anti-inflammatory M2 cells.Fasudil shows an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be associated with the conversion of inflammatory M1 microglia to anti-inflammatory M2 cells.