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Ruthenium complexes with bioactive ligands are becoming promising substitutes for platinum complexes due to their precise action against various cancers. In the present study, the synthesis of three new arene Ru(II) complexes containing new carbazole-based hydrazone ligands of general formula [(η6-benzene)Ru(L)Cl] (1–3; L = carbazolone benzhydrazone ligands), and their anticancer properties are described. The structural characterization of the ligands and their ruthenium complexes has been realized with the aid of elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, NMR and HR-MS techniques. The molecular structures of all three complexes have been elucidated by single crystal X-ray crystallography and reveal the existence of pseudo-octahedral geometry around the ruthenium. The in vitro cancer cell growth inhibition property of the complexes against A549 (lung carcinoma), A2780 (ovarian adenocarcinoma) and non-cancerous 16HBE (human lung bronchial epithelium) cells were examined by MTT assay. All the complexes display good cytotoxicity towards both of these types of cancer cell compared to the standard drug cisplatin, with low IC50 values. Remarkably, complex 3, which contains an electron-donating substituent, induces a significant reduction of viability in A2780 cells. The inhibition capacity of the complexes towards A2780 cells proliferation was further confirmed using 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay via minimal DNA synthesis. The result of the acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) fluorescent staining assay establishes that the cytotoxicity of the complexes was mediated by apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) double staining determines the quantitative discrimination of early apoptosis by the externalization of phosphatidylserine. In addition, cell cycle distribution indicates that the complexes block the cell cycle progression in the S-phase. The outcome of our investigation shows the promising scope and potency of tailored arene ruthenium complexes for precise cancer chemotherapy beyond platinum drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uncertainty in human brain leads to the formation of epilepsy disease in human. The automatic detection and severity analysis of epilepsy disease is proposed in this article using a hybrid classification algorithm. The proposed method consists of decomposition stage, feature extraction, and classification stages. The electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are decomposed using dual‐tree complex wavelet transform and then features are extracted from these coefficients. These features are then classified using the neural network classification approach in order to classify the EEG signals into either focal or nonfocal EEG signals. Furthermore, severity of the focal EEG signal is analyzed using an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system classification approach. The proposed hybrid classification method for the classification of focal signals and nonfocal signals achieved 98.6% of sensitivity, 99.1% of specificity, and 99.4% of accuracy. The average detection rate for both focal and nonfocal dataset is about 98.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed Tomography (CT) is the main source for analyzing the lung diseases and the preplanning of pulmonary surgeries. The accurate interpretation of chest CT scan makes a challenge to radiologists due to its complex visual nature. This paper proposes a novel method to segment the left and right lungs from the background of CT images to assist the pathologists for the easy and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. The segmentation of lung is a challenging task due to the anatomical difference of different people. This paper develops a novel algorithm namely successive peak based quantization transform (SPQT) to segment the lungs from the background. This method extracts 8 bit patterns from the input lung image and at last a BYTE data which is formed from 8 bit patterns is produced. Prior to SPQT lung segmentation, the lung image which may contain impulse noise is reduced into noise free one by using 'Fuzzy Impulse Detection and Reduction Method' (FIDRM). The novel lung image hikes the accuracy to a significant level than the existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gag reflex is a physiological reaction, which safeguards the airway from foreign bodies. In some people, this response is exaggerated to the extent that the acceptance/provision of dental treatment becomes impossible. Management of patients with gagging involves many different approaches. The aim of this report is to illustrate the role of acupressure in controlling gagging, because it is a safe, affordable, quick, and relatively noninvasive technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To estimate the effect of simvastatin gel in the osseointegration of dental implants using bone scintigraphy., Materials and Methods: A total of 20 participants with missing mandibular first molars and D2 type bone were assigned equally to two groups. Group A received 1.2% simvastatin and group B received placebo gels during the placement of implants. The participants were subjected to bone scintigraphy to determine the osteoblastic activity at baseline, 30 days, and 90 days after implant placement., Results: Group A had a significant increase in osteoblastic activity between baseline, day 30, and day 90 (P < .05), with a higher mean of 100.06% ± 21.644% on day 30. Group B had a significant increase in osteoblastic activity only between baseline and day 30 and between baseline and day 90 (P < .05). There was no difference between days 30 and 90 (P > .05), with a higher mean of 79.20% ± 18.255% on day 30. A bivariate analysis performed at different time periods revealed a significant difference between groups A and B on day 30., Conclusions: Implants placed with 1.2% simvastatin gel showed enhanced osteoblastic activity in the 4th week after implant placement, indicating that there was a faster rate of osseointegration at an early stage.

In this study, we newly designed and synthesized a small library of ten structurally related C,N-cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes containing various pyridine-functionalized NHC ligand and chelating bipyridyl ligands (e.g., 2,2'-bipyridine, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)). The complexes were well characterized by NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. Among the new ruthenium(II) derivatives, we identified that the complex Ru8 bearing bulky moieties (i.e., phen and pentamethyl benzene) had the most potent cytotoxicity against all tested cancer cell lines, generating dose- and cell line-dependent IC 50 values at the range of 3.3-15.0 μm. More significantly, Ru8 not only efficiently inhibited the metastasis process against invasion and migration of tumor cells but also exhibited potent antivascular effects by suppressing HUVEC cells migration and tube formation in vitro and blocking vessel generation in vivo (chicken chorioallantoic membrane model). In a metastatic A2780 tumor xenograft-bearing mouse model, administration of Ru8 outperformed antimetastatic agent NAMI-A and clinically approved cisplatin in terms of antitumor efficacy and inhibition of metastases to other organs. Overall, these data provided compelling evidence that the new cyclometalated ruthenium complex Ru8 is an attractive agent because of synergistically suppressing bulky tumors and metastasized tumor nudes. Therefore, the complex Ru8 deserves further investigations., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)