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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of training career path skills based on Super’s Development Theory on students’ academic self-concept. The study is a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of University of Isfahan year 2018. Using available sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly, 15 of them were placed in the test group and 15 in the control group. The data collection tool was Academic Self-Concept Scale (ASCS) (Reynolds et al, 1980). The career path skills were trained to the test group for ten 90-minute sessions in groups, and no training was provided to the test group. The data were analyzed using SPSS software at the level of descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and at the level of inferential statistics by covariance analysis method. The results showed that training career path skills based on Super’s Development Theory has a significant positive effect on students’ academic self-concept.

Having adolescents affect many aspects of the parent's lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the parenting challenges within the cultural background of Iranian mothers. The participants consisted of 24 mothers who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Semistructured interviews were recorded and transcribed for further analysis. To analyse the data, a thematic analysis was carried out. The analysis of the data shows that for Iranian mothers, parenting challenges are categorised into seven themes: (a) Sense of diminished power and control, (b) Sense of inadequacy, (c) Lack of father's participation, (d) New situation, coping and resolve, (e) Altered relationships issues, (f) Unfulfilled expectations, and (g) Environmental threats. Based on the findings of our study, parenting challenges are culture-bound and controversial, and dealing with them requires parental training.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life quality training on happiness among Esfahan blind girls. Methods: Type study was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up with a control group. The community of this study consists of all the blind girl in the 1393 year that have formed in State Welfare Organization. The study sample was a convenience sample. The study sample consisted of 40 girls is blind that were selected and divided into two groups, experimental and control group randomly. Experimental group for 8 sessions have received training in the quality of life after treatment and at the end of both groups were assessed with posttest. Measurement instrument consist of Oxford Happiness Inventory questionnaire (Argaile and etc., 1989). Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and statistical analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that the effect of time and interaction time with the happiness variable is significant. In other words, the pretest session to pursue happiness level has increased. The follow of happiness posttest experimental group than the control group (P < 0/01). Conclusion: According to result, can improve the happiness in blind girls through life quality training.

N,N′-dipyridoxyl(1, 4-butanediamine) (PYBA) (2 wt % ), nitrobenzene (66 wt %), sodium tetra phenyl borate (2 wt ), and poly vinyl chloride (30 wt %) were applied to create a PVC membrane in Ho3+ selective electrode (Ho-SE). Over the concentration range of 1.0 × 10‒5 to 1.0 × 10‒2 M in holmium(III) solution a linear response with lower detection of limit equal 4.0 × 10‒6 M was exhibited by new holmium(III) sensor. Ho-SE possessed a Nernstian slope of 20.1 ± 0.8 mV decade‒1 in very short time spans (~9 s). The potential response of electrode remains without any changes over a pH range of 2.77–8.71. The selectivity coefficient data which was considered by matched potential method for variety of common cations indicated no significant interference. An acceptable recovery for Ho3+ in the blend of several cations has been achieved. The utility of Ho-SE in potentiometric titration as an end point indicator electrode gave successfully results.

Construction and feature of a nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for aluminum(III) ion determination based on N,N′-dipyridoxyl (1,2-cyclohexanediamine) (PYCA) as a novel selector material will be covered by this paper. The optimum composition, Nernstian slope/linear range/detection limit in the forms of calibration graph, response time, utilizable pH range, repeatability and precision of measurements of the aluminum(III) ion using the new fabricated Al3+-CPE was evaluated. The optimal composition which performed over Al+3 ion concentration range 1.0 × 10−8 mol L−1–1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1 with near-Nernstian slope equal 20.9 ± 0.2 mV decade−1 and low detection limit about 5.0 × 10−9 mol L−1, was formed of ionophore (PYCA 3 %), binder (paraffin oil 30 %), modifier [multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 1 %] & [Nanosilica (NS) 0.5 %], and inert matrix (graphite powder 65.5). The request time to give rise Nernstian response of electrode for concentrations from 1.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 to 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1 of Al3+ ion solution was estimated about ~6 s. The new Al3+-CPE was applied in pH range 2.0–5.0 with no consequential change in potential response. To verify the selectivity of electrode toward aluminum(III) ion in the presence of different metallic cations, matched potential method was used. The obtain results in analytical applications reflect the excellent ability of this electrode to play the role as endpoint indicator electrode in both titration and direct potentiometric measurements.

Test Anxiety is prevalent event among students and one of the current problems in educational system that makes bad effects on function and physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Group Intervention of Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management on Test Anxiety of male students who are candidates for university entrance examination in Tehran. This research was a Quasi-experimental study including pre-test, post-test, follow-up and control group. Statistical population was students who study in fourth grade high school in the third area of Tehran. The method of sampling was random cluster sampling. Two high school of this area were randomly selected and assigned randomly as experimental and control groups. Thirteen individual was selected from each of high school and assigned in experimental and control groups. Group Intervention of Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management was carried out on the experimental group in 8 sessions. Data were gathered by Test Anxiety questionnaire. The results of covariance analysis showed that the mean score of Test Anxiety in experimental group was significantly lower than control group in posttest (p=0.001) and follow up (p=0.011). The results of present study show that the group intervention of cognitive behavioral stress management is effective in decreasing Test Anxiety in students who are candidates for university entrance examination (p

Background Among cardiac patients, positive psychologic factors are consistently linked with superior clinical outcomes and improvement in key markers of inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Further, positive psychology interventions (PPI) have effectively increased psychologic well-being in a wide variety of populations. However, there has been minimal study of PPIs in cardiac patients, and no prior study has evaluated their effect on key prognostic biomarkers of cardiac outcome. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of 3 distinct PPIs on risk biomarkers in cardiac patients. Methods In an exploratory trial, 69 patients with recent coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous intervention were randomized to (1) one of three 6-week in-person PPIs (based on the work of Seligman, Lyubomirsky, or Fordyce) or (2) a wait-list control group. Risk biomarkers were assessed at baseline, postintervention (7 weeks), and at 15-week follow-up. Between-group differences in change from baseline biomarker levels were examined via random effects models. Results Compared with the control group, participants randomized to the Seligman ( B = −2.06; p = 0.02) and Fordyce PPI ( B = −1.54; p = 0.04) had significantly lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels at 7 weeks. Further, the Lyubomirsky PPI ( B = −245.86; p = 0.04) was associated with a significantly lower cortisol awakening response at 7 weeks when compared with control participants. There were no other significant between-group differences. Conclusion Despite being an exploratory pilot study with multiple between-group comparisons, this initial trial offers the first suggestion that PPIs might be effective in reducing risk biomarkers in high-risk cardiac patients.

Background Positive psychologic characteristics have been linked to superior cardiac outcomes. Objective Accordingly, in this exploratory study, we assessed positive psychology interventions in patients who had recently undergone a procedure to treat cardiovascular disease. Method Participants were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 different 6-week face-to-face interventions or a wait-list control condition. We assessed intervention feasibility and compared changes in psychologic outcome measures postintervention (7wk) and at follow-up (15wk) between intervention and control participants. Across the interventions, 74% of assigned sessions were completed. Results When comparing outcomes between interventions and control participants ( N = 55 total), there were no between-group differences post-intervention, but at follow-up intervention participants had greater improvements in happiness ( β = 14.43, 95% CI: 8.66–20.2, p β = −3.87, 95% CI: −7.72 to 0.02, p = 0.049), and hope ( β = 7.12, 95% CI: 1.25–13.00, p =0.017), with moderate-large effect sizes. Efficacy of the 3 interventions was similar. Conclusions Future studies are needed to identify an optimal positive psychology intervention for cardiac patients.

Early onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood is bad news. That is why designing and testing various interventions that target this disorder at an early age is very important. In this regard, the present study aims to study the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This quasi-experimental study consisted of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Out of the population of children 6 to 12 years old with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to psychological counseling centers in Isfahan, 30 individuals were selected. Then they were randomly divided into two groups of experimental group who received cognitive behavioral therapy and control group. The experimental group received 12 sessions of group therapy intervention based on cognitive-behavioral model on a weekly basis. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was filled by the subjects in pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral group therapy in all areas of obsession and compulsion of time, interference, discomfort, resistance, and control had a significant impact (α˂ 0.01 ). The results obtained in this study show the effectiveness of group therapy and group interventions in addition to other privileges of them. Key words : obsessive-compulsive disorder, group therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, child, mother

Objectives The purpose of this study was to construction and validity and reliability of a survey about marital pathology a couple of women had symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality. Methods The method that was used for this survey was combination of exploratory research that was conducted in two steps. The first step was a qualitative factors discovery analysis one which included 15 semi-structured interviews with women with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and husbands, 14 semi-structured interviews with family experts and clinical psychologists and psychiatrists and review of scientific resources. Related articles were gathered based on qualitative content analysis. In the second phase, the validity and reliability of the data collection instrument were investigated. The statistical population consisted of all married women with obsessive-compulsive symptoms referring to counseling centers in Isfahan and their husbands. Results The research sample consisted of 70 married women with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their husbands (140 participants) who were selected via the purposive sampling technique. Factor analysis was conducted through the SPSS software program. The research findings indicated that the questionnaire has six factors including extreme perfectionism, extreme concern, algebraic and focused (non-participatory) control, extreme sensitivity to affairs, coldness and sexual dysfunction, inflexibility. The results of factor analysis revealed a significant percentage of variance of the study variable by factors. As a result, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the total test was obtained as 0.96. Conclusions The scale enjoyed high levels of validity and reliability which contribute to obtaining factors and has the ability of identifying marital pathology of women with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality in clinical and couple researches.

Department of Applied Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran E-mail : haszamani@yahoo.com Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran Department of Applied Chemistry, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran Manuscript received online 28 January 2017, accepted 09 February 2017 A sufficient amounts of N,N'-bis(8-quinolyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (QPC) was applied as a new ionophore for fabrication of new nanocomposite carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with nanosilica/MWCNT. The electrochemical behavior of the new prepared CPE was investigated in the presence of various metal ions. The best composition of ingredients was achieved in optimization stage for QPC : 2%, binder (paraffin oil) : 25%, modifier (MWCNT : 1%, NS : 0.1%), and graphite powder : 71.9%. This new CPE displayed a Nernstian response by the slope of 19.7±0.9 mV decade–1 in the linear range of 1.0×10–8–1.0×10–3 mole L–1 with a lower detection limit of 9.0×10–9 mole L–1 toward Sm3+ ion. The pH range of this new samarium(III) electrode was gained 3.7 to 7.3 with a response time about 13 s. The matched potential method was applied to study the selectivity of Sm3+CPE in comparison with many common cations which showed the negligible disturbance of all other cations on the proposed samarium(III) electrode. It was successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Sm3+ ions with EDTA and determination of Sm3+ content in several blends of ions.

Background: In order to fill the gap of tool for measurement of student burnout in Iran, this study was performed on the 238 female students of Isfahan university that were selected by simple random sampling. Materials and Methods: The inventory is including 15 items and three subscales. Data were presented by analytical and descriptive statistic and draw table. In order to determine reliability of MBI-SS were used internal consistency method and test-retest. Results: Coefficient Cronbach's alpha for the exhaustion, cynicism and academic efficacy respectively was 88, 90, 84 (p

Aim of the workIllness perception is considered to be an important contributor in the relationship between physical and psychological factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study examined the mediational role of illness perceptions in the relationship between depression and pain in RA.Patients and methodsIllness perception, depression and pain were assessed in 100 adults with RA (72 females and 28 males). Patients were asked to complete 4 questionnaires including socio-demographic data form, depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief-IPQ) and Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain Scale (RAPS). Using the Baron and Kenny approach and Sobel tests, the mediation of illness perceptions in the relationship between depression and pain symptoms was examined.ResultsSixty-six RA patients (66%) endorsed a clinically significant level of depression (HADS 12.94±5.39). The mean RAPS was 41.97±23.45 (range=4–91.93). Depression symptoms were significantly associated with perceived pain (r=−0.57, p

This study investigated the relationships between Big-Five personality traits and mate preferences in Isfahan, Iran. The sample consisted of 225 single girls and boys that they were volunteer to complete the research measures. They completed of Neo- FFI-3 to evaluate personality traits and Iranian cultural preference questionnaire. To response to research question, data was examined in two steps. The first step was to examine the intercorrelate relations matrix among dependent and independent variables. The results showed extraversion is related to attractive appearance, educational level, no having sexy relations with opposite sex in single period, and no having addiction. Also attractive appearance and no having too close relations with each other family is correlated with neuroticism and conscientiousness. Also extraversion can predict attractive appearance and no having addiction preferences. Neuroticism can predict no having too close relations with mate families preference. Other variables, although contributing to the overall variance, were not significant predictors in our focused and cultural preferences.

Article history: Received January 14, 2013 Received in revised format 18 April 2013 Accepted 20 April 2013 Available online April 22 2013 This paper presents an empirical investigation on procrastinating behavior among some high school students in city of Esfahan, Iran. The proposed study uses APSS test developed by Solomon and Rothblum (1984) [Solomon, L.J., & Rothblum, E.D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling, 31, 503509.]. The study selects a sample of 60 students who were enrolled as secondary high school in city of Esfahan, Iran. The study performs some intervention sessions including seven 75-minute sessions and finally post-test has been performed. The results of ANOVA test between these two groups of pre-test and post-test have revealed that the sessions could help students reduce their procrastination and increase their motivation on their education. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Article history: Received December 2, 2012 Received in revised format 18 March 2013 Accepted 20 March 2013 Available online March 25 2013 This paper investigates normalization and psychometric properties of career skills confidence inventory. For this purpose, we use Betz’s questionnaire [Betz, N. E., Harmon, L., & Borgen, F. (1996). The relationships of selfefficacy for the Holland themes to gender, occupational group membership, and vocational interests. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 90-98.], which consists of 60 questions in three groups of self-awareness, exploration and planning. The study distributes the questionnaire among 600 randomly selected students and analyzes the feedback using Pearson correlation ratios. The results indicate that there are some positive and meaningful correlations between three component and career counseling. There are also positive and meaningful relationships among three components of self-awareness, exploration and planning.

This study examines the relationship between career interests, aptitude, mental health, happiness and academic performance among first-year high school students. The proposed study performs a descriptive research on 370 first-year students using multistage random cluster survey to collect the necessary data. The proposed study also uses strong career interest questionnaires, Oxford Happiness test, Health and Aptitude test scores and the semester GPA scores. Research data are analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression procedures. The results indicate that there is a significant and direct relationship between realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, convention and academic performance; but there is an unusual and significant inverse relation between realistic and academic performance. In addition, there is a direct relationship between mental health and academic performance, and between aptitude, happiness and academic performance. Generally, there is a relationship between career interest, aptitude, mental health, happiness and academic performance; and the greatest impact on academic performance is related to career interest, particularly investigative interest.

A method termed pseudo-stir bar hollow fiber solid/liquid phase microextraction (HF-SLPME) was utilized to extract three β-blockers—atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol—in environmental waters. The extracted β-blockers were then separated, identified, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. In HF-SLPME a porous polypropylene hollow fiber filled with MWCNTs reinforced organic solvent that acts as an analyte trap to pre-concentrate β-blockers from water samples. Both ends of the hollow fiber segment are sealed with magnetic stoppers. This device is placed inside the aqueous feed solution and plays the rule of a pseudo-stir bar. The effective parameters are optimized. The extracted β-blockers were analyzed at room temperature by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. The results showed that practical pre-concentration factors varied from 25.2–822. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity and low limits o...

Department of Applied Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran E-mail : haszamani@yahoo.com Department of Applied Chemistry, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran Manuscript received online 12 March 2016, accepted 10 August 2016 The fabrication and electrochemical behavior of nanocomposite CP-electrode modified with MWCNT/nanosilica was investigated for bis(salicylaldehyde)thiocarbohydrazone (STCH) as a new ionophore in the presence of various alkaline, lanthanide and transition metal ions. Pursuant obtained results the best electrode behavior was belonged to Pr3+-carbon paste electrode (PrCPE) with composition of STCH : 3%, binder (paraffin oil) : 30%, modifier (MWCNT : 2%, NS : 0.3%), and graphite powder : 64.7%. This PrCPE displayed a Nernstian response by the slope of 19.6 ± 0.2 mV decade–1in linear range 1.0 × 10–8 to 1.0 × 10–2 mol L–1 with a lower detection limit 8.5 × 10–9 mol L–1. The pH range of this new praseodymium sensor was gained 2.1 to 8.9 with a response time about 6 s. To assessment the response of new prepared electrode toward different cations the matched potential method (KMPM) was applied. Obtained results show good selectivity for this PrCPE with respect to a number of lanthanide and transition metal ions. It was successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Pr3+ ions with EDTA and determination of Pr3+ content in several blends of ions.

Background Using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) is a stressful experience marked by lengthy and invasive medical procedures, high financial cost and relatively low success rate. Adoption is considered as one of the infertility treatment methods that can have great impact on healing emotional problems of infertile couples and can improve their relationship. Objectives The current study aimed to investigate infertility-related stress and adoption in Iranian Infertile females with a history of ART failure, during year 2015. Methods This was a cross sectional study in which 30 Iranian infertile females, 30 to 45 years old, with primary infertility of five years or more, and history of ART failure, were investigated. Data collection instruments included the questionnaire of infertility and demographic factors, fertility problem inventory (FPI) and adoption questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS V22, using descriptive statistics and Pearson test to assess possible correlations. Results The mean of the total score of infertility stress of the participants was 186.1 ± 29.46 (moderate to high). All participants showed some level of infertility stress. The mean score of adoption was 38.4 ± 3.73 (moderate acceptance), 53.33% of which showed moderate acceptance. There was no relationship between infertility stress and adoption (correlation = - 0.13, P = 0.48). Conclusions Infertile females with a history of unsuccessful ART had a high level of infertility stress and moderate acceptance of adoption. We must pay more attention to psychological aspects of infertility and failure of treatment. There is an obvious need to increase society awareness about adoption and promote “adoption” as a sensible choice to form a family.

In order to administer this study 30 epileptic girls. were selected, via random cluster sampling method. The design was comparative experimental and control group in pre-test, post test and after 3 month follow-up. Training based on Boston Program University. The instrument was SCL_90_R scale. Data was analyzed by Covariance analysis. mean scores of Aggression, in the post test and follow-up was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study reading behavior in the digital environment based on demographic factors including faculty, degree and gender among higher education students of Isfahan University.Design/methodology/approachThis study was survey descriptive using a researcher‐made questionnaire and data collection was accomplished using stratified random sampling method. The population of the study was the postgraduate students from seven faculties of Isfahan University. Different aspects of reading behavior were studied including the amount of reading of electronic resources, the style of reading electronic resources, the amount of annotating the electronic and print resources, the amount of printing out electronic documents for reading, and preference of reading medium.FindingsThe study showed that the amount of reading of electronic resources is highest in the students of technical and engineering subjects, while the amount of printing out of electronic documents is highest in the faculty of sciences. PhD students usually make use of scanning for reading electronic resources, whereas postgraduate students generally print out more electronic documents.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will help university authorities and digital libraries managers to provide better services to users and students.Originality/valueWith the advent of internet and computers, reading is not the same as in the past. Reading in the digital age has changed and this paper tries to give some insight about the reading behavior of students and their preferences and the differences based on faculty, degree and gender.

In this work a new Lu 3+ PVC-membrane sensor based on 2,2′-dithiobis(4-methylthiazole) (TMT) has been fabricated. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian slope of 19.6 ± 0.4 mV decade −1 in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10 −6 –1.0 × 10 −2 mol L −1 and a detection limit of 6.8 × 10 −7 mol L −1 . It could work well in the pH range of 2.7–9.6. The selectivity of the sensor against a lot of common alkaline, alkaline earth, transition, heavy metals and specially lanthanide ions was very good.

Background According to the fact that women account for the highest rate of victims of mental health loss during disasters, prioritization of their requirements is of remarkable significance. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the aim to prioritize factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. Methods This study was conducted using the Delphi method in 2017. Participants consisted of experts including psychologists, counselors and psychiatrists, social medicine specialists, and psychiatric-mental health nurses with experience in service and disaster awareness, especially earthquake. They were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The Delphi method was used in 2 rounds with 21 components and the final attendance of 19 participants and the collective agreement of 75%. Results Of the 21 factors related to women's mental health during the earthquake, the following components were, respectively, preferred by the participants: psychological well-being training, group relationships and support of women in emergency situations, fair treatment in the provision of rights and services to women, crisis awareness and management of behavior and difficult conditions, and social security during disasters with the total mean standard deviation (SD) of 13.4 (2.4), 13.0 (2.4), 12.7 (2.5), 12.5 (2.4), and 12.3 (2.2), respectively. Conclusion Training in the field of psychology and disasters, and social and cultural factors were prioritized among factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. Therefore, the results of this study can be applied by the planners and executives of mental health, women and disasters, and the women's community itself.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on symptoms intensity reduction and anxiety in a special case with obsessive compulsive personality disorder. In this study a single case method with A-B design was used on a woman with obsessive compulsive personality disorder that was diagnosed by semi-structure interview for axis I and II of DSM-IV-TR (SCID). Martukovich -s obsessive compulsive personality disorder questionnaire and Beck -s anxiety inventory were used to collect data. Schema therapy intervention was effective in symptom reduction of obsessive compulsive personality disorder.

International audience; Previous research has provided evidence on the effectiveness of CBT in the symptomatic improvement of children with obsessive–compulsive disorders. There is also increasing recognition of the importance of involving parents and families in treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of such an intervention that promoted family strengths [(quality of life therapy (QoLT)] for mothers of children with obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD). The sample consisted of 40 children with OCD and their mothers, who had been referred to clinics in Esfahan city in Iran. Mothers were randomly allocated to an experimental (QoLT) and waiting list control group. Mothers participated in eight QoLT group sessions over 4 weeks. QoLT incorporated CBT techniques in managing OCD symptoms. Measures were completed pre- and post-intervention by both groups. Children completed the Yale–Brown obsession compulsion scale for Children, the Revised children's manifest anxiety scale, and the brief multidimensional student's life satisfaction scale; mothers completed the quality of life inventory (QoLI). QoLT was associated with decrease in OCD and anxiety symptoms and increase in children's satisfaction in the global, family and environment domains, as well as with increased QoLI scores in their mothers. Parenting interventions like QoLT can complement individual modalities such as CBT in the presence of family-related difficulties. This can be particularly applicable in countries and settings with limited resources and high stigma of child mental health problems.

A highly selective and sensitive poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode, using 4-4′-Methylenediantipyrine as an ionophore, has been prepared and examined as a Ba2+-selective electrode. The influence of the anion excluder (sodium tetraphenyl borate, NaTPB) and the effect of the plasticizers dibutyl phthalate (DBP), nitrobenzene (NB), and benzyl acetate (BA) were studied. The best performance was obtained with the sensor having a membrane composition (w/w) of (MAP, 2.0%), (PVC, 30%), (NB, 66%), (NaTPB, 2.0%) with a wide working concentration range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2 M between the pH values of 3.4 and 10.6. Furthermore, a Nernstian slope of 29.7±0.3 mV/decade of activity was demonstrated with a response time of 15 s. The sensor could be used over a period of 2 months with no potential divergence, revealing a good selectivity for a broad variety of cations including alkali, alkaline earth, heavy and transition metals. Regarding the practical applicability of this sensing device, it was succ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the internal reliability, content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity of the Persian translation/Farsi version of the Oxford Happiness Inventory. The Oxford Happiness Inventory and Fordyce Happiness Inventory were completed by a sample of 727 Iranian university students. Findings confirmed the internal reliability, construct, and concurrent validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory. Thus, it can be recommended for use as a trait-measure of happiness among Iranian samples.

2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl was used as an excellent sensing material in the preparation of a PVC membrane for a Ce(III)-selective sensor. The electrode shows a good selectivity for the Ce(III) ion with respect to most common cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions. The developed sensor exhibits a wide linear response with a slope of 19.6 ± 0.3 mV per decade over the concentration range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−1 M, while the illustrated detection limit is 5.7 × 10−7 M of Ce(III) ions. Moreover, it is concluded that the sensor response is pH-independent in the range of 3.1–9.8. The applications of the recommended electrode include the determination of concentration of Ce(III) ions in soil and sediment samples, validation with CRM's, and the Ce(III) ion potentiometric titration with EDTA as an indicator electrode.

Although the current literature supports the effectiveness of metacognition as a learning strategy, little is known about the effects of metacognition on academic achievement and happiness. This study analyzed the effectiveness of training metacognition on the academic achievement and happiness of Esfahan University conditional students. Conditional students are the students whose averages are lower than 12 (12 out of 20). After three times of becoming conditional they are expelled from university. The sample consisted of 60 once-conditional female students. They were randomly selected and allocated to an experimental group and a control group. The independent variable was the metacognitive training sessions performed in the experimental group. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire scores and the students’ second semester average scores in 2003–2004 were dependent variables. The study predicted that training in metacognition should have positive effects on the academic achievement and that it would increase ...

AIM AND BACKGROUND: Mental health and empowerment are two of the women's essential needs. These two related concepts play an important role in women's lives. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate empowerment of women and its relation with mental health problem prevention during difficult situations. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 33 experts in the fields of psychology, social sciences, women studies, medicine and crisis management specialists using snowball sampling in cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Tabriz, and Mashhad during the year 1395 (March 2016–March 2017). Samples were selected heterogeneously. The interview transcripts and codes were presented to the participants, and structural analysis was used for data evaluation. RESULTS: The factors related to empowerment of women with consideration to their mental health were determined based on Longew theory and interviews and include: welfare (primary needs (biological and security) and developmental needs (social needs and dignity), access (facilities and values), knowledge (about inequalities and rights), participation (in politics, decision-making and society), and control (implementation and institutionalization of the above-mentioned needs). CONCLUSIONS: The indicators determined in this study show that empowerment has an important role in determining women's real position in society. Since women make up half of the population and affect society as a whole, the advantages of empowerment of women will be felt in the entire society.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence group training on human and social capital in the students of Isfahan University of Technology. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population consists of all the students of Isfahan University of Technology who have been studying in 2012-2013. For sampling, voluntary sampling method was used that 36 subjects were selected as the sample and were randomly divided into two groups of experiment and control. The subjects of experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 90-minute classes while the control group received no intervention. The study's tool was Mousavi Employability Questionnaire (2013). Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. According to the results, emotional intelligence training have had impact upon human capital (P

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of interactional pathology among couples with the morbidly jealous male partners by examining the lived experiences of 5 female partners. The study attempted to answer the main research question which was, "How do women experience their communication with their morbidly jealous husbands?" along with some sub questions in different dimensions of marital life. The major data collection tool consisted of semi-structured interviews (Seidman, 2013). Forty to sixty-minute interviews were conducted with each participant. Data analysis included a three-phase process: description, reduction, and interpretation. The latter was completed using the qualitative content analysis by Colaizzi (Colaizzi, 1973). Four categories of lived experiences indicating interactional difficulty among the couples were obtained from the data analysis. These interactional damageswere evident in the experiences of all the women interviewed and consisted of themes related to boundaries, control, intimacy and ‘meta-damages’. The results of the study revealed that the damages begin with those related to boundaries, develop to control and intimacy rooted in meta-damages and finally terminate marital relationships.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain a deeper understanding of interactional pathology among couples with the borderline personality female partners by examining the experiences of 10 men/male partners. This main inquiry question is/can be stated as follows; “How do men experienced their communication with their partner who has been diagnosed as displaying traits/characteristics?”. The latter was supplemented by various sub questions exploring the different dimensions of marital life. The major data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. Forty to 60-minute interviews were conducted with each participant. Data analysis included a three-phase process: description, reduction, and interpretation. The latter was completed using the qualitative content analysis by Colaizzi (1978).six categories of experiences indicating interactional difficulty among the couples were obtained from the data analysis. Marital communication pathology, interpersonal pathology, destructive cognition, destructive relations with children, relationship problems due to economical impulse control and social impulse control sense and descriptions may need attention. The results of inquiry determined that the root of interactional pathology can be ascribed to’ instability’. As regard the results it can be said the men with border line personality disorder wives endure interactional pathologies that finally they cause collapsing their family sentence needs attention.

In recent years, the employment rate of women, particularly in the service sector has been increasing and at the same time, researchers interested on the psycho-social consequences of women’s employment especially on health. This study compared housewives and working women in terms of stress, depression and perception quantitative, mental and emotional home demands. For this purpose, a sample consists of 94 working women and 94 housewives among Isfahan women selected via convenience sampling and completed warttig et al. perceived stress questionnaire, Beck Depression II and peters et al. home demands questionnaire. Results revealed that working women perceived more depression and quantitative and mental home demands, but no differences between working women and housewives in terms of stress and emotional home demands. According to effort-recovery model, it seems that the pressures of work and family role, especially time pressure means that despite the positive role of work in working women, they were psychologically vulnerable because of the multiplicity of tasks. The results highlight the importance of culture in terms of the role of men in the house, especially in the case of families who identify working women.

Depression and fatigue are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and are the primary determinants of impaired quality of life in this demyelinating neurological disease. Untreated depression is associated with suicidal ideation, impaired cognitive function and poor adherence to immunomodulatory treatment. For these reasons, systematic screening and management of depressive symptoms and fatigue is recommended for all patients with MS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback in treating depression and fatigue in persons with MS. We conducted a randomized trial with 24 MS patients with primary fatigue and depression. Participants were randomized into two groups: neurofeedback training group (16 sessions of NFB) or treatment as usual. Participants were evaluated at 3 time points (baseline, end of the treatment, and 2-month follow-up) using the Fatigue Severity Scale and Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as outcome measures. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences between the groups. NFB significantly reduced symptoms of depression and fatigue in patients with MS patients, compared to treatment as usual (p < .05), and these effects were maintained the 2-month follow-up (p < .05).

Department of Applied Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran E-mail : haszamani@yahoo.com Department of Applied Chemistry, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran Manuscript received online 06 November 2012, revised 15 July 2013, accepted 16 July 2013 Here a Lu3+-selective polymeric membrane sensor based on 2-((2-(pyridine-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol (PHMP) is described. At a pH range of 2.5–8.7, this sensor exhibits a Nernstian slope of 19.7±0.5 mV per decade in a linear range from 1.0 × 10–7 to 1.0 × 10–2 M, with a detection limit of 7.6 × 10–8 M. The response time of the electrodes is less than 10 s, depending on the concentration of lutetium(III) ions. The sensor revealed very good selectivity for LuIII in the presence of common alkaline, alkaline earth, transition, heavy metals and specially lanthanide ions. The optimum responses were found with membrane composition of 30% PVC, 66% benzyl acetate (BA) as solvent mediator, 2% PHMP and 2% sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB). In order to investigate the sensors analytical applicability, the electrode were applied to the determination of fluoride ions in mouth wash preparations and also, as an indicator electrode, in potentiometric titration of lutetium(III) ions.

Background: Health-related professionals are at high risk of job burnout which will in turn lead to effects on health services provision. The present study was conducted to define job burnout and its association with personal characteristics among the midwives working in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was performed on 193 midwives working in health centers and hospitals in Isfahan. The participants were selected through cluster random sampling. The data was collected by a researcher-made personal characteristics questionnaire as well as Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS. Findings: In the present study, the highest frequencies of job burnout dimensions were for the low levels of emotional exhaustion (58%) and depersonalization (65.8%), and high levels of personal performance (58%). There was a significant inverse association between age and depersonalization (p = 0.02). However, no significant relations were found between job burnout dimensions and variables of marital status, number of children, level of education, and residential status. Conclusions: Although the results of this research showed a low prevalence of job burnout among midwives, the stressful nature of midwifery as a profession necessitates educational intervent.

The purpose of the present study was to offer predictive model of happiness on the basis of positive psychology constructs. It is among correlational studies through applying causal modeling. The statistical population of the study included BA students at the University of Isfahan and Industrial University. A sample of 420 individuals was selected via multi-stage clustered random sampling method. The measurement instruments included Oxford’s happiness questionnaire (Argyle, 1989), psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989), quality of life (Cummins, 1997), Polotzin and Elison’s spiritual Well-Being (1982) and Bar-On’s Emotional Intelligence (2000). The data were analyzed through Amos22 software. Results showed that the model with supposed indexes owned an appropriate goodness of fit. The results implied that the greatest amount of variance of happiness is explained by the direct effect of quality of life and indirect effect of emotional intelligence with mediating of quality of life. The direct effect of emotional intelligence with mediating psychological wellbeing and indirect effect of emotional intelligence on happiness with mediating spiritual wellbeing explains the variable of happiness at medium level. Finally the role of positive psychology constructs especially quality of life and emotional intelligence is confirmed in happiness and the results state the importance of positive psychology constructs in happiness.

Cognitive models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) suggested that dysfunctional beliefs have important role in the etiology and maintenance of this disorder. However, empirical evidence in support of this notion is limited and inconsistent. The aim of current study was to compare scores obtained from the obsessive beliefs questionnaire (OBQ-44) and its subscales in 59 patients with OCD and 54 healthy subjects. OBQ-44 developed by the Obsessive-Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG, 2001). All OCD patients were diagnosed using interview based on DSM-IV-TR and completed the Yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale (YBOCS). Healthy sample was selected from family members of OCD patients. All subjects completed OBQ-44 and Beck depression inventory (BDI). Findings demonstrated that, consistent with predictions, that both OCD and healthy groups had significant differences in scores obtained from OBQ-44 (P

This study examined relationships among career adaptability and career concerns, social support and goal orientation. We surveyed 304 university students using measures of career concerns, adaptability (career planning, career exploration, self-exploration, decision-making, self-regulation), goal-orientation (learning, performance-prove, performance-avoid) and social support (family, friends, significant others). Multiple regression analysis revealed career concerns, learning and performance-prove goal orientations emerged relatively as the most important contributors. Other variables did not contribute significantly.

A new poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode that is highly selective to Fe 3+ ions was prepared by using 4,4’-Dimethoxybenzil bisthiosemicarbazone (DBTS) as a suitable neutral carrier. Membrane incorporating 4,4’-Dimethoxybenzil bisthiosemicarbazone (DBTS), as ionophore with composition DBTS:NaTPB:NB:PVC in the ratio 2:2:64:32 (w/w) exhibits the best result for potentiometric sensing of Fe 3+ ions. The electrode exhibited a near-Nernstian response to Fe in the concentration range of 1 . 0 × 10 −6 to 1 . 0×10 −2 M with a slope of 19 . 4 ± 0 . 5 mV per decade. The proposed sensor can be used over a period of 2 months. The lower limit of detection was 3.6×10 −7 M. This electrode showed high selectivity with respect to alkaline, alkaline earth, and heavy metal ions and could be used over a pH range of 1.8–5.0. It has been successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Fe 3+ against EDTA as well as for the determination of Fe in water sample solutions (tap and mineral water samples).

The effect of repair welding number on microstructure of the hastelloy X fabricated via TIG process was investigated. The SEM, EDS and OM were used to determine mechanical properties and the microstructure of HAZ zone, respectively. Results showed that the grain size of base metal determined by OM and SEM was 64.11 μm with M6C and M23C6 carbides (6.16, 18.71 μm respectively). Also, using welding for three times caused increase of grain size (15%, 22%, 26% respectively) and the heat input made some carbides dissolve. The grain growth through HAZ zone venially affected the strength of alloy. The results of tensile test demonstrated that UTS increased by repair welding, 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. As the UTS of base metal was 727 MPa, the fracture phenomenon occurred. Furthermore, repair welding of mentioned alloy did not exceed more than three times.

Introduction: Positive psychology is among the important topics in health psychology and can be used to effectively improve the people's behaviors and practices when faced with a crisis or difficult situation. This study aims investigate the place of positive psychology in studies related to accidents and disasters and its role in proper dealing with these situations. Materials and Methods: This study is a narrative review carried out by searching for related articles on credible scientific websites, scientific books, research articles, research projects and dissertations. Information on databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct between years 1979 and 2014 was reviewed for related information. In total 70 English articles and 17 Farsi articles were found using the aforementioned methods. The information gathered from these articles were categorized and investigated. Results: Summarizing the information on the role of positive psychology in disasters showed that little attention was paid to the roles of positive psychology, especially among Farsi article, and that most studies concentrated on the psychological disorders present after the disaster. Furthermore, most of the articles about positive psychology were reviews with weak methodology and limited scopes. However, their results showed that people with positive thinking have several different characteristics that help them deal with difficult situations and disasters easier than other people. Conclusion: Despite the importance and role of positive psychology on different aspects of our daily lives, the effect of this topic during disasters and crisis has been neglected. People with positive thinking have several characteristics that make it easier for them to deal with difficult and disastrous situation compared to other people that should be considered when dealing with disasters.