Search

The aim of the current research is to measure the effectiveness of a unit formulated according to the strategy of climbing the plateau to develop the historical comprehension skills of first-year secondary students. Two groups, one experimental, numbering (18), and the other controlling (18), and the problem of the current research was determined in the weakness of historical understanding skills. ) between the average scores of the students of the two research groups in the post-application of the historical comprehension test in favor of the experimental group, the adjusted “Blake” gain ratio was acceptable, and the program’s impact is generally high, meaning that the program is effective in developing historical understanding skills, and based on the research results recommended The researcher needs to reformulate and organize the units of the history curriculum in the secondary stage according to the strategy of climbing the plateau, and to include the content of the history curricula at the secondary stage with the skills of historical understanding, and to hold training programs for Teach history while serving in secondary school; In order to provide them with the skills and competencies necessary to successfully use the plateau climbing strategy in teaching.

Two novel separation methods have been presented for the concurrent assessment of flumethasone pivalate (FP) and clioquinol (CL) in their combinations in ear drop formulations or in the presence of phenoxyethanol preservative (PEP) in their cream formulations. The first method is an innovative thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method. The optimal separation was accomplished via silica gel aluminum plates F254, with a mixture of benzene, ethyl acetate and formic acid (5:5:0.2, in volumes) as the mobile system. In Method II, a new ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic method (UHPLC) with a photodiode array detector (PDA) was presented. A reversed-phase inertsil ODS 5 µm C 18 packed column (100 Å, 4.6 mm internal diameter (I.D.) × 50 mm) at 30 °C was employed. Elution was completed in 3 min. Unfortunately, greener solvents were tested as a mobile phase, but an asymmetric peak for CL was noted. In addition, the new UHPLC method has a priority over the old HPLC one by Sayed et al., 2014, in terms of quickness and avoiding interference from the PEP preservative. Concerning the TLC method, the novel TLC method has the advantage of preventing the interference of PEP. This paper represents the first analytical approach for the concurrent assay of FP and CL in the presence of the preservative phenoxyethanol in the cream formulation.

Numerous farmers regularly irrigate their farms with inadequately treated sewage water pumped from the sewage system in the Arab El-Madabegh district of Assiut City, Egypt. According to previous studies, long-term irrigation with partially treated sewage water resulted in significant changes in the physicochemical properties of soil. The principal goals of this study are (1) to infer empirical equations between geoelectrical resistivity measurements and certain biophysicochemical parameters of some soil samples, and (2) to use these empirical equations to calculate the biophysicochemical parameters of the unknown samples for the same location. For this purpose, 27 soil samples at different depth levels (0 to 25, 25 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm) were collected from eleven locations at the sewage station. Physical properties including water content and particle size distribution, chemical properties including soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and the heavy metals concentrations, biological properties including total coliform counts, and geoelectrical resistivity measurements were estimated and analyzed for these samples. Electrical resistivity measurements and biophysicochemical properties were cross-correlated using the exponential trend line to fit the cross-correlated data, and the empirical relationships were obtained. These empirical relationships in conjunction with the measured electrical resistivity measurements were used to calculate the biophysicochemical values of the other three random soil samples. The biophysicochemical values of the former three samples were measured by the same normal procedures as 27 samples. Then, the calculated values were correlated with the measured ones. Good correlations between the estimated and the measured values for biophysicochemical features were obtained. Therefore, this method can be employed to calculate the biophysicochemical parameters for any unknown samples that have the same geological conditions for estimating and monitoring soil contamination.

Purpose Despite the vulnerability of rapidly developing and emerging market economies, researchers have paid less attention to the determination of the size of money laundering (ML) in these economies, including the United Arab Emirates (the UAE). Therefore, this paper aims to estimate the magnitude of ML in the UAE between 1975 and 2020 based on the currency demand approach (CDA). Design/methodology/approach The study uses the Gregory–Hansen cointegration technique alongside the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing procedure to estimate the CDA model. Findings The results illustrate that an amount equivalent to about 19.034% of the GDP is laundered in the UAE between 1975 and 2020, on average, with the value lying between 15.129% and 23.121%. In addition, the results demonstrate the importance of the real estate market, gold trade, remittance channels and the size of the underground economy in facilitating the laundering of illicit funds in the country. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the pioneering attempt at estimating the amount of illicit funds laundered in the UAE. Besides, the adoption of a novel, yet robust, approach based on the modification of the CDA technique also sets the study apart as it ensures a correct, clear, unambiguous and indisputable estimate of the magnitude of ML is obtained. In addition, it is expected that the outcome of the study will expand the frontiers of knowledge among policy makers and relevant agencies and ensure the adoption of the most efficient and effective measures to curb the ML menace in the country.

Background: The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for managing organized empyema is still limited. This study compared VATS versus open decortication in patients with chronic pleural empyema. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 58 patients with stage III empyema. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A (n= 30) included patients who had decortication through an open thoracotomy, and Group B (n= 28) included VATS decortication patients. Two patients in the VATS group were converted to the open approach and were excluded from the analysis. Results: The mean age in Group A was 48.23 ± 8.44 years and 49.79 ± 7.85 years Group B (p= 0.47). There were 16 males (53.3%) in Group A and 15 (63.6%) in Group B (p= 0.99). The operative time was 336.0 ± 67.60 min in Group A and 291.07 ± 56.66 min in Group B (p= 0.01). There was no difference in intraoperative complications between groups. Postoperative hospital stay (p= 0.23) and ICU admission (p= 0.24) did not differ between groups. In Group A, the pain scale was 8 (6- 8), and it was 4 (2- 4) in Group B (p˂ 0.001). No difference was recorded in the postoperative complications between groups. Conclusion: The outcomes of VATS in managing stage III empyema are comparable to the open approach. VATS has the advantage of lower postoperative pain. VATS could be an alternative to open decortication in patients with stage III pleural empyema.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most common viral pathogens affecting the cattle industry worldwide. The present study aimed to molecularly characterize BVDV isolates that are currently circulating in breeding bulls farmed with cattle suffering from reproductive disorders, and also to assess the consequences of BVDV infection on bulls’ semen quality and conception, and its pathological effects on the structure of testicular tissue and spermatozoa. For this purpose, semen, serum, and testicular samples were collected from four breeding bulls in four private dairy farms in the governorates of Kafr-El Sheik, Beni-Suef, Giza, and Assuit, in Egypt from April 2019 to May 2020. An evaluation of sperm abnormalities was carried out by assessing the integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes where severe damage and abnormalities were found. Ultrastructure analysis of the spermatozoa by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of a swollen plasma membrane with segmented outer acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa and vacuolar degenerated mitochondria. Histopathological examination of testicular and epididymal tissues indicated moderate to severe degenerative effects of virus infection on seminiferous tubules with hypospermatogenesis. By detection of virus antigen in the serum samples using ELISA, bulls were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. Virus isolation revealed four noncytopathic (NCP-BVDV) strains that were confirmed by fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and amplification of the 5′ untranslated genomic region (5’UTR) and molecularly typed by amplification of the Erns glycoprotein region. Isolates’ Phylogenetic analysis revealed two subgenotypes: BVDV-1b (Genbank accession numbers; LC634512, LC634513, LC634515) and BVDV-1d (LC634516). According to the knowledge of the authors of the present study, the circulation of the BVDV-1d subgenotype is not reported in Egypt. Therefore, it would be of great importance to track circulating strains in specific countries for successful vaccination programs or accurate diagnostic tests, and this necessitates regular updates.

This study employs the bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach alongside the dynamic ARDL simulations technique to investigate the non-linear effect of public debt on public expenditure in Nigeria during the 1981–2020 period. The result of the bootstrap bounds test illustrates the presence of a long-term relationship between public expenditure and public debt (along with oil rents, output growth and urbanisation). Further, the estimation results indicate that the effect of public debt on public expenditure is non-linear. In particular, public expenditure increases at early stages of rising public debt but declines at latter phases when public debt grows beyond specific threshold. This empirical outcome is further validated by the dynamic ARDL simulations approach which shows a significant decline in predicted public expenditure after short-term expansion due to counterfactual shock in public debt. Thus, policies which diversify public revenue from oil production and a reversal of the rising trend in public debt are recommended to avert the adverse welfare implications of declining public expenditure.

Objective: This trial was conducted to compare between autogenous fresh tooth graft with/without platelet rich fibrin around immediate dental implant. Patients and methods: This controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out on 12 patients over the age of 18 who required dental extractions of single- or multi-rooted teeth, who were also delayed candidates for osseointegrated implants. They were equally divided into two groups; group (1): Autogenous fresh tooth graft around immediate dental implant placement with platelet rich fibrin and group (2): Autogenous fresh tooth graft around immediate dental implant placement without platelet rich fibrin. Results: The mean value of horizontal bone loss in group (1) and group (2) at 6 months 0.077 (0.065 -0.130) and 0.595 (0.450 - 0.690) respectively with statistical significant differences between two groups. While vertical bone loss in group(1) and group(2) at 6 months (0.510(0.480 -0.530) and (1.490(1.400 - 1.640) respectively with statistical significant differences between two groups. The mean value of implant stability quotient for group (2) at 3 months was 70.50 ± 3.56 ISQ, and increased to 77.67 ± 5.61 ISQ at 6 months, which was statistically significant.

Good water quality for livestock is critical for preserving animal health, ensuring the quality of animal products, supplying safe food, and increasing food production economics. Higher water levels of toxic compounds than permitted can impair meat, fat, eggs, and milk production, lower fertility, and represent public health hazards. Water picks up pollutants from its surroundings and those caused by animal and human activities. Many physicochemical parameters were used to ensure water quality, including pH, salt, taste, color, alkalinity, odor, and hardness. Water quality, directly and indirectly, impacts livestock performance and, thus, the poultry industry. Employing drinking water as a carrier of drugs still faces substantial barriers. The effectiveness of vaccinations and drugs is affected by inadequate water quality. Furthermore, contaminated water and poor nutrition negatively affect broiler chicken immunity, survival, and production. Antibiotics are widely utilized in poultry production to preserve animal health and growth. They can eliminate harmful bacteria in the gut, reduce the load on the immune system, optimize the digestive system, and boost growth performance. However, the abuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture has resulted in antibiotic-resistant infections threatening people and animals. As a result of its positive impact on the metabolome and gut microbiome, the natural antimicrobial combination could be used as an alternative; improving broiler chicken growth performance without negatively affecting the environment is currently paramount.

One of the main aims of green analytical chemistry (GAC) is the reduction of solvents and chemicals consumed. Recycling the mobile phase in chromatographic techniques provides an efficient way to implement GAC principles. However, this is not an easy job, particularly in the case of the gradient mode. Analysis of multi-pharmaceuticals for the same manufacturer using one mobile phase system dramatically reduces consumed solvents, time, and cost for pharmaceuticals analysis in quality control laboratories. This work is an attempt to reduce time, cost and effort needed for quality control analysis of several dosage forms produced by the same manufacturer. Our novel and green RP-HPLC method is able to separate and quantify a tertiary mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole produced by the same manufacturers. The analyst can easily quantify the three drugs in the three dosage forms in one run using the gradient elution mode of methanol and water (from 50% methanol to 85% methanol in ten minutes) with a flow rate 1.5 mL min

Objectives: Herbs are in use as medicine worldwide from the time immemorial. Many drugs derived from plant, animal or minerals are in use as medicine till date. This is a study on leaf extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Euphorbiaceae) involving pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, activity against microbes and oxidation to substantiate its use. The leaf extracts were collected by successive soxhlation using solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone & ethanol. Chemicals present in the crude leaf extracts and isolated constituents were analyzed for both quality and quantity followed by TLC, UV–Visible Spectrophotometric analysis, HPTLC, Phytochemical tests and TLC examination confirmed to contain flavonoids in acetone, chloroform, aqueous and ethanol extract. The activity of Petroleum-ether, chloroform, acetone, alcoholic and aqueous extracts against the microbes was assessed by cup plate method. Okada & Okada method was followed to evaluate the DPPH free radical for aging property. The reducing, total antioxidant and peroxide radical for aging action of the extracts were assessed. The study confirmed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant property of the Putranjiva roxburghii Wall leaves may be for the presence of constituents like flavonoids, saponins, Phytosterols, favoring its traditional usage as medicine.

Remdesivir and apixaban have been included in the treatment guidelines of several countries for severe COVID-19 infections. To date, no analytical method has been developed for the determination of remdesivir and apixaban in plasma matrix. The main objective of this work was to develop a highly sensitive, green-adapted spectrofluorometric method for the determination of remdesivir and apixaban at the Nanoscale. Remdesivir and apixaban showed overlapping fluorescence emission spectra at 403 nm and 456 nm when excited at 246 nm and 285 nm, respectively. This overlap was resolved in two steps. The first step was synchronous fluorescence scanning of remdesivir and apixaban, and the second step was manipulation of the second-order derivative for the obtained spectra. These steps allowed complete resolution of the overlapping fluorescence spectra and selective determination of remdesivir and apixaban at 410 and 469 nm, respectively. The variables affecting the synchronous scanning of the aforementioned drugs were optimized in terms of sensitivity parameters and principles of green analytical chemistry. The described method allowed sensitive determination of remdesivir and apixaban over the concentration range of 5-200 ng/mL and 50-3000 ng/mL, respectively. The described method was validated and successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the mentioned drugs in pure form and in spiked human plasma.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is an amino acid which is widely used and approved as a flavor enhancer for a broad range of food. Glutamate receptor can be stimulated excessively to cause diabetes and cancer. MSG is associated with metabolic syndrome in humans. The main purpose of this study is to find a possible correlation between monosodium glutamate and signs of overweight among young children in Saudi Arabia. An electronic cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants consisted of 572 Saudi parents of children aged between 6-18 years. Data analysis was done using t-test and chi-square test. Overweight children population was found to be relatively small in Saudi Arabia compared to other gulf countries such as United Arab Emirates (UAE) (40%). There is a statistically significant relationship between average weight and a preference for fast food at home. It is strongly recommended to reduce the amount of MSG taken in fast foods and snacks and some types of sweets for the prevention from associated chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, and others. Moreover, increasing public awareness about obesity and its main causes by putting posters in public places. Announcing detailed information on the causes of obesity in local magazines. Doing the study in other age/gender categories like women and elderly.

This study was designed to assess the efficacy of biodegradable gelatin / Beta-tricalcium phosphate sponge socked in concentrated growth factors (CGF) in treating periodontal intra-bony defects, as compared with biodegradable gelatin /beta-tricalcium phosphate sponges alone. Materials and Methods: Twenty intra-bony defects ≥4 mm and pocket depth (PD) ≥5 mm in 20 patients were selected from the outpatient clinic of Oral Periodontology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University to join in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups 10 patients each. Group I was treated by surgery plus biodegradable gelatin /beta-tricalcium phosphate sponges, (control group). Group II was treated by gelatin/beta-tricalcium phosphate sponges socked in CGF. Bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 3, and 6months periods. Cone beam radiographs were taken at baseline, and 6 months after surgery evaluating the area of the defect (AD) and bone density (BD). Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in clinical parameters (P≤0.05). There were statistically significant differences in all investigated parameters between the two groups at 3 and 6 months in favor of group II, except for CAL there was no significant difference between them at 6 months. A significant decrease of DA and increase in BD at 6 months was noted for both groups with significant differences between them in favor of group II (P

In the course of the most recent thirty years reduction of ship resistance and saving fuel consumption to accomplish higher speed with reduction of pollutants has been the significant subject for researchers. Micro bubble drag reduction technique is the one of the most interesting thoughts in this field owing to its great advantages, such as considerable potential drag reduction, easy operations, environmental friendliness and low costs. In this study a 3-D numerical investigation into frictional drag reduction by air micro bubbles is applied on KRISO container ship model. The objective is to understand the mechanism of resistance reduction through micro bubbles injection under model ship at different Froude numbers, injection rate and of course volume fractions. The numerical simulations are performed using a commercial CFD code solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. For more than 36 simulations has performed to investigate the effect of injection of micro bubble under ship model hull and to estimate the local Coefficient of friction values along ship hull model. The results show that at all of the examined Froude number, frictional resistance reduction attained but at different rates and a maximum drag reduction of 27.6 % obtained at 0.282 Froude number with 4.8 % air volume fraction.

This chapter comes near the end of this monograph to show how the need for Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda becomes evident when Shiite-Wahhabi relations are considered. The chapter begins by dispelling the common claim that Ibn Ḥanbal and Ibn Taymiyya have contributed to the worsening of Sunni-Shiite relations and will show that it is rather the Wahhabi non-maqāṣidī approach that tended to feed such narratives of hate. The chapter then proceeds to show how a maqāṣidī-oriented approach to Islamic theology, embodied in al-Ghazālī’s canon of interpretation, ʿAbduh’s Theology of Unity, and Shaltūt’s initiatives, may be used to help alleviate the heated relations between these theological trends.

This chapter is formed of two sections. The first section “interrogates” the classical theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa and critiques it on account of its ḥudūd-centeredness and its reducing of the function of Maqāṣid to mere “preservation” as compared to functions of “acquisition” and “promotion.” The second section moves from “interrogation” to “generation,” whereby it attempts to “generate” the overriding general objective of Islamic theology, namely, the objective that is invoked and observed across the entire body of Islamic theology, which, I argue, is the pursuit, perseveration, and promotion of Truth (al-Ḥaqq). In doing so, I draw, not “theological,” but “methodical” inspirations from the Kantian distinction between the “phenomenon” (the way we see things) and the “noumenon” (the-thing-in-itself), with a view to using theology as a “handmaiden” to the Ultimate Truth, as opposed to being employed as a “superintendent” to it.

On the Higher Objectives of Islamic Theology introduces a whole new genre to the Islamic tradition, entitled Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda. It challenges the common conception that while Christianity is more concerned with questions of orthodoxy, Islam is more concerned with matters of orthopraxy. The book contends that the Islamic tradition started initially with both: orthodoxy and orthopraxy (embodied in theology, Sufism, and law). However, by Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī’s (d. 1111) time, greater interest in Islamic law developed such that the Islamic tradition has become predominantly law-based. This development was also accompanied by a sense of discouragement against theology in the minds of Muslims, assuming that theology often leads to acrimonious disputes and strife among its practitioners. Resultantly, the theological project in the Islamic tradition has largely become limited to definitions and deliberations about the nature and qualities of the transcendent God but barely developed a systematic discipline with defined boundaries and a clear theory of objectives. Hence, the scope of modern Islamic theology (al-Kalām al-Jadīd) is hardly delineated. Addressing this gap, the book aims to develop a genre of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda, grappling primarily with the following questions: How do we chart a guide to the process of founding such a genre? In what ways can the emerging Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda benefit from the grown-up Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa (Higher Objectives of Islamic Law)? What are the ramifications of having an underdeveloped theology? In what ways can Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda help limit the practice of takfīr (excommunication) and enhance the intra- and interfaith relations?

Previous scholarship on the Islamic tradition has paid significant attention to Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa (Higher Objectives of Islamic Law) but paid little to no attention to Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda (Higher Objectives of Islamic Theology). Therefore, this conclusion shows that the primary motive behind this monograph is to address this epistemic gap, while interrogating and integrating the tools and methods of the classical theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa, most notably the threefold taxonomy of al-ḍarūriyyāt (primaries), al-ḥājiyyāt (complementaries), and al-taḥsīniyyāt (supplementaries). In doing so, the monograph has argued that the pursuit, preservation, and promotion of Truth (al-Ḥaqq) is the higher objective of Islamic theology.

Given al-Ghazālī’s centrality to this monograph, this chapter divides into pre-Ghazālian preliminary discussions of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda, followed by an illustrative interpretation of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda in al-Ghazālī’s genre, then a discussion of the state of the field in the post-Ghazālian period up until Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s time. The chapter then argues that, despite the existence of such roots of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda in the Islamic tradition, those roots were not nurtured efficiently to produce a systematic subject of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda. Hence, the second section of this chapter attempts to explain the reasons that may have led to the underdevelopment of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda as a discipline on its own terms.

This chapter initiates the process of constructing a systematic theory of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda by focusing on two goals. First, it identifies not only the sources to be consulted in the process of deriving Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda but also how this derivation may take place and the exegetical and theological challenges that may face us. Second, drawing primarily on al-Ghazālī, some of the problems of dealing with scriptural texts will be raised, mainly addressing the methods of interpretations lying between esotericism and exotericism, asking: How do we know if we are not falling into either of these two extremes in our pursuit of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda?

Despite the critiques of the classical “theory” of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa offered in the previous chapter, this chapter avers that scholars of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa have managed to produce some innovative exegetical tools that may well be of significant use to the emerging Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda. One of those tools is the threefold taxonomy of al-ḍarūriyyāt (the primaries), al-ḥājiyyāt (the complementaries), and al-taḥsīniyyāt (supplementaries). That said, this chapter has two aims. First, under the title of “definition and transmission,” it defines this taxonomy in its original use in Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa and then illustrates how it can be transmitted to the genre of Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda. Second, testing the useability of this taxonomy in Maqāṣid al-ʿAqīda, it attempts to examine the theological weight of three theological concepts: al-firqa al-nājiya (the saved group), deeds vis-à-vis faith, and the role of Prophet Muḥammad in Islamic theology.

The greening of analytical methods has gained interest in the quantitative analysis field to reduce environmental impact and improve safety health conditions for analysts. Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir is a new FDA approved co-packaged medication developed for the treatment of COVID-19. The aim of this research was to develop green fitted HPLC method using pre experimental computational testing of different stationary phases as well as selecting mobile phase regarding to green analytical chemistry principles. Computational study was designed to test the physical interaction between nirmatrelvir and ritonavir and different columns (C8, C18, Cyano column). The study showed that the C18 column was better for simultaneous HPLC analysis of the cited drugs. Regarding to green point of view, mobile phase consisted of ethanol: water (80:20, v/v) provided an efficient chromatographic separation of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir within a short analytical run time, reasonable resolution and excellent sensitivity. Isocratic elution was performed on a selected C18 column and a green adjusted mobile phase at flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 215 nm. The chromatographic system allowed complete baseline separation with retention times of 4.9 min for nirmatrelvir and 6.8 min for ritonavir. The method succeeded to determine nirmatrelvir and ritonavir over the concentration range of 1.0-20.0 μg/mL in the pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage form. Greenness profiles of the applied HPLC method was assessed using analytical eco-scale, the green analytical procedure index and the AGREE evaluation method. The results revealed adherence of the described method to the green analytical chemistry principles. The authors hope to provide a promising challenge for achieving green goals through integrating computational tools and applying them with green assessment metrics.

Reinforced concrete buildings that are not properly designed, constructed, or supervised, might not have the resistance to bear even their own weight. When the effects of deformation in the concrete over time are added to the loads, great damages and even collapses can be seen. In this study, the performance of reinforced concrete buildings under axial loads was investigated. The effect of creep in concrete over time was also evaluated. Creep deformation has been integrated into the analysis with a simple method. A total number of 20 8-storey reinforced concrete frame buildings were modeled via ETABS. In each model, only column dimensions and concrete compressive strengths have been changed. The models were analyzed under the combined effect of axial loads and creep. As a result, the effect of concrete compressive strength and column dimensions on collapse in reinforced concrete buildings under the mentioned effects was examined. The results showed that column dimensions should be much high to prevent collapse when low strength concrete is used in buildings. In addition, a formula that can be used to determine the parameters of concrete quality and column cross-sectional areas required against collapse is proposed for the preliminary design of similar types of buildings.