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María Belisarda’s Book of poems is one of the first works of convent feminine literature that features the characteristics of modern literary subjectivity. This paper studies the different strategies through which authority is constructed in the paratexts of the book, as well as the poetic representation of the author’s literary personality., El Libro de poesías de Marcia Belisarda es una de las primeras obras conventuales femeninas en las que se observan los rasgos de la subjetividad literaria moderna. Este trabajo estudia las diferentes estrategias a través de las que se construye la autoridad en los paratextos del libro, así como la representación poética de la personalidad literaria de la autora.

This paper evaluates the performance of different small area estimation methods using model and design-based simulation experiments. Design-based simulation experiments are carried out using the Mexican Intra Censal survey as a census of roughly 3.9 million households from which 500 samples are drawn using a two-stage selection procedure similar to that of Living Standards Measurement Study surveys. Several unit-level methods are considered as well as a method that combines unit and area level information, which has been proposed as an alternative when the available census data is outdated. The findings show the importance of selecting a proper model and data transformation so that the model assumptions hold. A proper data transformation can lead to a considerable improvement in mean squared errors. The results from design-based validation show that all small area estimation methods represent an improvement, in terms of mean squared errors, over direct estimates. However, methods that model unit level welfare using only area level information suffer from considerable bias. Because the magnitude and direction of the bias are unknown ex ante, methods that rely only on aggregated covariates should be used with caution, but they may be an alternative to traditional area level models when these are not applicable.

Index de les obres ressenyades: María Milagros RIVERA GARRETAS, Textos y espacios de mujeres. Barcelona: Icaria, 1990.

[EN]Background Family quality of life (FQoL) is a recent construct to be applied in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this context, there is interest in advancing in the measurement of the FQOL as a first step to determine the supports that families need to perceive quality of life. The aim of this study was to test the validity of the Family Quality of Life Survey- Dementia (DiZazzo-Miller & Samuel, 2011) in order to assess FQoL among family members of individuals with NDs who live in the cross-border area of Spain-Portugal. Method Three hundred family members of people with NDs completed the FQoLS-NDs Survey (Badia et al., 2020). The mean age was 62.4 years (SD = 13.34). Most were males (70%), married (79.7%), not working (64.7%), with low income (66.1%), and had elementary/high studies (73.1%). The majority were the spouse/partner (40.9%) or son/daughter (51.7%) of the care-recipient and played the role of primary caregiver (93.3%). Sixty percent of care-recipients were females (M= 79.3 years; SD= 11.7). Sixty two percent presented dementia, 30.4 % Parkinson´s disease, and 7.6% multiple sclerosis. Construct validity was tested by correlation analysis to examine associations between domain level outcomes (i.e., health, financial well-being, family relationships, support from others, support from services, influence of values, careers, leisure and recreation, and community integration) and global FQoL. Likewise, t-tests were used to compare the outcome measures (attainment and satisfaction) within each of the nine family domains. Result Global attainment and satisfaction with FQOL-NDs was found to be significantly correlated with composite attainment and satisfaction from nine domains (r=.489, p

Finalidad: Evaluación a través de dos dimensiones de medición (logro y satisfacción) en nueve dominios de la Calidad de Vida Familiar (Salud de la familia, Bienestar económico, Relaciones familiares, Apoyo de otras personas –práctico y emocional–, Apoyo de los servicios, Influencia de valores, Profesiones y formación de los cuidadores, Ocio y tiempo libre e Interacción en la comunidad). Ámbito de aplicación: Familias cuidadoras y personas con Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Informadores: Cuidador principal del familiar (padre/madre, hermano/a, cónyuge o pareja, u otro miembro de la familia) o por la propia persona con enfermedad neurodegenerativa. Validación: Las propiedades psicométricas de este cuestionario están publicadas en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01809-6 Administración: Autoadministrado. Duración: Aproximadamente 30 minutos. Baremación: Percentiles., [ES]En el marco del modelo de calidad de vida familiar, ha surgido la necesidad del desarrollo de instrumentos que sirvan de base para evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones. Por tanto, el desarrollo de una medida de la calidad de vida familiar es pertinente para estimar las posibles intervenciones en las familias cuidadoras de personas con enfermedades neurodegenerativas, así como identificar las necesidades y los recursos de apoyo para la persona afectada y su familia. El grupo NEUROQUALYFAM (proyecto de cooperación transfronteriza España-Portugal con el apoyo de la Unión Europea–POCTEP) ha realizado un proceso de traducción, adaptación y validación de la FQOLS–Demencia (Samuel & DiZazzo-Miller, 2019) al español para poder evaluar la calidad de vida de las familias de personas con enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Este proceso se llevó a cabo siguiendo las pautas y recomendaciones propuestas por la International Testing Commission (ITC). Este manual presenta la versión abreviada del instrumento para su uso por profesionales de los servicios sociales y de la salud con el fin de que sirva como herramienta para mejorar los resultados de la calidad de vida familiar, implementando prácticas basadas en evidencias, y orientado hacia la planificación de las necesidades de servicios de apoyo de las familias cuidadoras de personas con enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

Additional file 1. Escala de Calidad de Vida Familiar: Enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

Visual Abstract, Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of TBI with 10–25% of the patients experiencing long-lasting symptoms. The potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for evaluating microstructural damage after TBI is widely recognized, but the interpretation of DTI changes and their relationship with the underlying tissue damage is unclear. We studied how both axonal damage and gliosis contribute to DTI alterations after mTBI. We induced mTBI using the lateral fluid percussion (LFP) injury model in adult male Sprague Dawley rats and scanned them at 3 and 28 d post-mTBI. To characterize the DTI findings in the tissue, we assessed the histology by performing structure tensor (ST)-based analysis and cell counting on myelin-stained and Nissl-stained sections, respectively. In particular, we studied the contribution of two tissue components, myelinated axons and cellularity, to the DTI changes. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were decreased in both white and gray matter areas in the acute phase post-mTBI, mainly at the primary lesion site. In the subacute phase, FA and AD were decreased in the white matter, external capsule, corpus callosum, and internal capsule. Our quantitative histologic assessment revealed axonal damage and gliosis throughout the brain in both white and gray matter, consistent with the FA and AD changes. Our findings suggest that the usefulness of in vivo DTI is limited in its detection of secondary damage distal to the primary lesion, while at the lesion site, DTI detected progressive microstructural damage in the white and gray matter after mTBI.

After almost two decades of poverty maps produced by the World Bank and multiple advances in the literature, this paper presents a methodological update to the World Bank's toolkit for small area estimation. The paper reviews the computational procedures of the current methods used by the World Bank: the traditional approach by Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2003) and the Empirical Best/Bayes (EB) addition introduced by Van der Weide (2014). The addition extends the EB procedure of Molina and Rao (2010) by considering heteroscedasticity and includes survey weights, but uses a different bootstrap approach, here referred to as clustered bootstrap. Simulation experiments comparing these methods to the original EB approach of Molina and Rao (2010) provide empirical evidence of the shortcomings of the clustered bootstrap approach, which yields biased point estimates. The main contributions of this paper are then two: 1) to adapt the original Monte Carlo simulation procedure of Molina and Rao (2010) for the approximation of the extended EB estimators that include heteroscedasticity and survey weights as in Van der Weide (2014); and 2) to adapt the parametric bootstrap approach for mean squared error (MSE) estimation considered by Molina and Rao (2010), and proposed originally by González-Manteiga et al. (2008), to these extended EB estimators. Simulation experiments illustrate that the revised Monte Carlo simulation method yields estimators that are considerably less biased and more efficient in terms of MSE than those obtained from the clustered bootstrap approach, and that the parametric bootstrap MSE estimators are in line with the true MSEs under realistic scenarios.