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Dans les pages suivantes, il est question d’analyser la dynamique relationnelle de la monarchie hispanique avec les élites marchandes des ports et des villes de l'intérieur, et d’observer de quelle façon ces relations affectent l'économie et lui donnent une forme particulière entre la fin du XVe siècle et la première moitié du XVIIe siècle. Une des questions centrales réside dans l’octroi de privilèges royaux et de monopoles à ces groupes, ainsi que dans leur impact différencié sur les économies internes et portuaires. Une étude sur le long terme permet de distinguer deux grandes phases : la première, pendant laquelle les pôles commerciaux intérieurs dominent, dure jusqu’aux années 1550, tandis que par la suite le rôle des ports dans l’économie s’affermit.

A resolution over the existence of magnetic charges has eluded the high energy physics community for centuries, and their search has gained momentum as recent models predict these may be observable at current colliders. They appear in field theories in two forms: the widely studied but heavily suppressed monopole with structure (soliton) and the not-so-well-covered point-like monopole. The latter was first proposed by Dirac as the source of a singular magnetic field and in effect symmetrises Maxwell’s equations. Following this line of research, work by S. Baines et al. analysed these sources as matter fields that carry spins 0, 1 2 , or 1, in an effective field theory that is perturbative for monopoles produced at threshold where the coupling strength g ( β ) is suppressed. All three cases are currently under investigation by the MoEDAL collaboration at CERN, and the theoretical expressions for kinematic distributions proposed in this work serve as guides to these searches. The cross section distributions in each case are derived from a U(1) invariant gauge theory. It is not assumed that, like the electron, the monopole’s magnetic moment is generated through spin interactions at minimal coupling, as it may be quite large. Instead, the analytical expressions in the spin 1 2 and 1 cases are kept completely general through the inclusion of a phenomenological parameter κ , related to the gyromagnetic ratio g R = 1 + κ . In fact, the inclusion of this parameter gives the effective theory validity in the high energy limit if the magnetic coupling scales with the particle’s velocity β = v c .

The estimation of spectroscopic properties of neutron-deficient nuclei in the A=100 tin mass region is needed for the understanding of the rp-process path and the experimental exploration of the nuclear landscape. In order to evaluate some spectroscopic properties of the Gamow-Teller b+ decay of neutron deficient isobars of A = 100, we have performed shell model calculations by means of Oxbash nuclear structure code. The jj45pn valence space used consists of nine proton and neutron orbitals. The calculations included few valence hole-proton and particle-neutronin πg9/2 and vg7/2 orbitals respectively, in 100Sn doubly magic core. Effective interaction deduced from CD-Bonn one is introduced taking into account the nuclear monopole effect in this mass region. The results are then compared with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This letter presents an evolution of a low-profile monopolar antenna specifically designed for the integration onto large vehicles or house roofs. The use of a shallow cavity is investigated for a reduction of the antenna height seen from the ground plane. The tradeoff between the cavity size and effective height of the antenna is studied, where it is demonstrated that the sunken geometry is well suited for applications requiring omnidirectional patterns. Two antenna prototypes were developed: a low-profile one and a flush-mounted device both enclosed in a thin plastic radome. The experimental validation shows satisfactory antenna performance over a larger than 3:1 bandwidth with a monopolar pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric charges are conserved. The same would be expected to hold for magnetic charges, yet magnetic monopoles have never been observed. It is therefore surprising that the laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, combined with Maxwell’s equations, suggest that colloidal particles heated or cooled in certain polar or paramagnetic solvents may behave as if they carry an electric/magnetic charge. Here, we present numerical simulations that show that the field distribution around a pair of such heated/cooled colloidal particles agrees quantitatively with the theoretical predictions for a pair of oppositely charged electric or magnetic monopoles. However, in other respects, the nonequilibrium colloidal particles do not behave as monopoles: They cannot be moved by a homogeneous applied field. The numerical evidence for the monopole-like fields around heated/cooled colloidal particles is crucial because the experimental and numerical determination of forces between such colloidal particles would be complicated by the presence of other effects, such as thermophoresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented. The MIMO antenna consists of four monopoles which are printed on FR4 substrate, whose impedance bandwidth is from 2 to 12 GHz, and the isolation of two adjacent antennas is less than−20 dB in mostly frequency band. The current distribution of the antenna is discussed by simulation, and the radiation characteristics of the antenna are improved by increasing the parasitic radiation patch and digging holes in the radiation patch. Four monopoles are placed with polarisation orthogonality, and the adjacent units are separated by slot to cut off the coupling current on the floor, thus effectively improving the isolation of the antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoEDAL is a pioneering LHC experiment designed to search for anomalously ionizing messengers of new physics. It started data taking at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, in 2015. Its ground breaking physics program defines a number of scenarios that yield potentially revolutionary insights into such foundational questions as: Are there extra dimensions or new symmetries? What is the mechanism for the generation of mass? Does magnetic charge exist? What is the nature of dark matter? After a brief introduction, we report on MoEDAL’s progress to date, including our past, current and expected future physics output. We also discuss two new sub-detectors for MoEDAL: MAPP (Monopole Apparatus for Penetrating Particles) now being prototyped at IP8; and MALL (Monopole Apparatus for very Long Lived particles), currently in the planning stage. I conclude with a brief description of our program for LHC Run-3.

A kinetic mixing term, which generalizes the duality symmetry of Dirac, is studied in a theory with two photons (visible and hidden). This theory can be either CP conserving or CP violating depending on the transformation of fields in the hidden sector. However, if CP is violated, it necessarily occurs in the hidden sector. This opens up an interesting possibility of new sources of CP violation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design of a blade antenna embedded in low-cost dielectric substrate (FR4) and operating at 4.97 GHz is the subject of this paper. The antenna design is accomplished using parametric analysis in the HFSSTM software, where the antenna dimensions are changed and it is observed how the changes affect figures-of-merit like input impedance, reflection coefficient and radiation patterns. The antenna prototype is presented, as well as, a comparison between experimental and theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton spin problem is given a new perspective with the proposition that spin is a topological invariant represented by a de Rham 3-period. The idea is developed generalizing Finkelstein-Rubinstein theory for Skyrmions/kinks to topological defects, and using non-Abelian de Rham theorems. Two kinds of de Rham theorems are discussed applicable to matrix-valued differential forms, and traces. Physical and mathematical interpretations of de Rham periods are presented. It is suggested that Wilson lines and loop operators probe the local properties of the topology, and spin as a topological invariant in pDIS measurements could appear with any value from 0 to , i.e. proton spin decomposition has no meaning in this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be an almost simple simply connected group over C . For a positive element α of the coroot lattice of G let Z ∘ α denote the space of maps from P 1 to the flag variety B of G sending ∞ ∈ P 1 to a fixed point in B of degree α . This space is known to be isomorphic to the space of framed G -monopoles on R 3 with maximal symmetry breaking at infinity of charge α . In [6] a system of (étale, rational) coordinates on Z ∘ α is introduced. In this note we compute various known structures on Z ∘ α in terms of the above coordinates. As a byproduct we give a natural interpretation of the Gaiotto–Witten superpotential studied in [8] and relate it to the theory of Whittaker D-modules discussed in [9] . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]