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104. Brain plasticity: there's more to hearing than your ears

Author

Munro, Kevin J.

Subjects
Neuroplasticity -- Physiological aspects, Auditory pathways -- Physiological aspects, Hearing -- Physiological aspects, Hearing aids -- Usage, Hearing aids -- Physiological aspects, Business, Health care industry
Published
2010

107. Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for Direct-to-Consumer Hearing Devices: Capabilities, Costs, and Cosmetics

Author

Almufarrij, Ibrahim, Munro, Kevin J., Dawes, Piers, Stone, Michael A., and Dillon, Harvey

Subjects
110315 Otorhinolaryngology, 111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Health sciences
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental Material2 for Direct-to-Consumer Hearing Devices: Capabilities, Costs, and Cosmetics by Ibrahim Almufarrij, Kevin J. Munro, Piers Dawes, Michael A. Stone and Harvey Dillon in Trends in Hearing

Published
2019
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108. TIA885568 Supplemetal Material2 - Supplemental material for A Set of Time-and-Frequency-Localized Short-Duration Speech-Like Stimuli for Assessing Hearing-Aid Performance via Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potentials

Author

Stone, Michael A., Visram, Anisa, Harte, James M., and Munro, Kevin J.

Subjects
110315 Otorhinolaryngology, 111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, FOS: Health sciences
Abstract

Supplemental material, TIA885568 Supplemetal Material2 for A Set of Time-and-Frequency-Localized Short-Duration Speech-Like Stimuli for Assessing Hearing-Aid Performance via Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potentials by Michael A. Stone, Anisa Visram, James M. Harte and Kevin J. Munro in Trends in Hearing

Published
2019
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109. TIA885571 Supplemetal Material - Supplemental material for Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors

Author

Couth, Samuel, Naadia Mazlan, Moore, David R., Munro, Kevin J., and Dawes, Piers

Subjects
110315 Otorhinolaryngology, 111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Health sciences
Abstract

Supplemental material, TIA885571 Supplemetal Material for Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors by Samuel Couth, Naadia Mazlan, David R. Moore, Kevin J. Munro and Piers Dawes in Trends in Hearing

Published
2019
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111. Timing Of Primary Surgery for cleft palate (TOPS): protocol for a randomised trial of palate surgery at 6 months versus 12 months of age

Author

Shaw, William, Semb, Gunvor, Lohmander, Anette, Persson , Christina, Willadsen, Elisabeth, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Trinidade, Inge K, Munro, Kevin J, Gamble, Carrol, Harman, Nicola, Conroy, Elizabeth J, Weichart, Dieter, Williamson, Paula R., Shaw, William, Semb, Gunvor, Lohmander, Anette, Persson , Christina, Willadsen, Elisabeth, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Trinidade, Inge K, Munro, Kevin J, Gamble, Carrol, Harman, Nicola, Conroy, Elizabeth J, Weichart, Dieter, and Williamson, Paula R.

Abstract

Introduction Cleft palate is among the most common birth abnormalities. The success of primary surgery in the early months of life is crucial for successful feeding, speech, hearing, dental development and facial growth. Over recent decades, age at palatal surgery in infancy has reduced. This has led to palatal closure in one-stage procedures being carried out around the age of 12 months, but in some cases as early as 6 months. The primary objective of the Timing Of Primary Surgery for Cleft Palate (TOPS)trial is to determine whether surgery for cleft palate performed at 6 or 12 months of age is most beneficial for speech outcomes.Methods and analysis Infants with a diagnosis of non-syndromic isolated cleft palate will be randomised to receive standardised primary surgery (Sommerlad technique) for closure of the cleft at either 6 months or 12 months, corrected for gestational age. The primary outcome will be perceived insufficient velopharyngeal function at 5 years of age. Secondary outcomes measured across 12 months, 3 years and 5 years will include growth, safety of the procedure, dentofacial development, speech, hearing level and middle ear function. Video and audio recordings of speech will be collected in a standardised age-appropriate manner and analysed independently by multiple speech and language therapists. The trial aims to recruit and follow-up 300 participants per arm. Data will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle using a 5% significance level. All analyses will be prespecified within a full and detailed statistical analysis plan.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been sought in each participating country according to country-specific procedures. Trial results will be presented at conferences, published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through relevant patient support groups.trial registration number NCT00993551; Pre-results

Published
2019

112. A Set of Time-and-Frequency-Localized Short-Duration Speech-Like Stimuli for Assessing Hearing-Aid Performance via Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potentials

Author

Stone, Michael A., Visram, Anisa, Harte, James M., Munro, Kevin J., Stone, Michael A., Visram, Anisa, Harte, James M., and Munro, Kevin J.

Abstract

Short-duration speech-like stimuli, for example, excised from running speech, can be used in the clinical setting to assess the integrity of the human auditory pathway at the level of the cortex. Modeling of the cochlear response to these stimuli demonstrated an imprecision in the location of the spectrotemporal energy, giving rise to uncertainty as to what and when of a stimulus caused any evoked electrophysiological response. This article reports the development and assessment of four short-duration, limited-bandwidth stimuli centered at low, mid, mid-high, and high frequencies, suitable for free-field delivery and, in addition, reproduction via hearing aids. The durations were determined by the British Society of Audiology recommended procedure for measuring Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potentials. The levels and bandwidths were chosen via a computational model to produce uniform cochlear excitation over a width exceeding that likely in a worst-case hearing-impaired listener. These parameters produce robustness against errors in insertion gains, and variation in frequency responses, due to transducer imperfections, room modes, and age-related variation in meatal resonances. The parameter choice predicts large spectral separation between adjacent stimuli on the cochlea. Analysis of the signals processed by examples of recent digital hearing aids mostly show similar levels of gain applied to each stimulus, independent of whether the stimulus was presented in isolation, bursts, continuous, or embedded in continuous speech. These stimuli seem to be suitable for measuring hearing-aided Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potentials and have the potential to be of benefit in the clinical setting.

Published
2019

113. Dimensions of self-reported listening effort and fatigue on a digits-in-noise task, and association with baseline pupil size and performance accuracy.

Author

Alhanbali, Sara, Munro, Kevin J., Dawes, Piers, Carolan, Peter J., and Millman, Rebecca E.

Subjects
*SPEECH perception, *SELF-evaluation, *REFLEXES, *TASK performance, *PUPIL (Eye), *REGRESSION analysis, *FACTOR analysis, *HEARING disorders, *RESEARCH funding, *FATIGUE (Physiology)
Abstract

Pupillometry is sensitive to cognitive resource allocation and has been used as a potential measure of listening-related effort and fatigue. We investigated associations between peak pupil diameter, pre-stimulus pupil diameter, performance on a listening task, and the dimensionality of self-reported outcomes (task-related listening effort and fatigue). Pupillometry was recorded while participants performed a speech-in-noise task. Participants rated their experience of listening effort and fatigue using the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and the Visual Analogue Scale of Fatigue (VAS-F), respectively. The dimensionality of the NASA-TLX and the VAS-F was investigated using factor analysis. 82 participants with either normal hearing or aided hearing impairment (age range: 55–85 years old, 43 male). Hierarchal linear regression analyses suggested that pre-stimulus pupil diameter predicts a dimension of self-reported fatigue, which we interpreted as tiredness/drowsiness, and listening task performance when controlling for hearing level and age: Larger pre-stimulus pupil diameter was associated with less tiredness/drowsiness and better task performance. Pre-stimulus pupil diameter is a potential index of listening fatigue associated with speech processing in challenging listening conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the associations between pre-stimulus pupil diameter and self-reported ratings of listening effort and fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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119. Timing Of Primary Surgery for cleft palate (TOPS): protocol for a randomised trial of palate surgery at 6 months versus 12 months of age

Author

Shaw, William, primary, Semb, Gunvor, additional, Lohmander, Anette, additional, Persson, Christina, additional, Willadsen, Elisabeth, additional, Clayton-Smith, Jill, additional, Trindade, Inge Kiemle, additional, Munro, Kevin J, additional, Gamble, Carrol, additional, Harman, Nicola, additional, Conroy, Elizabeth J, additional, Weichart, Dieter, additional, and Williamson, Paula, additional

Published
2019
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135. A randomised controlled trial comparing palate surgery at 6 months versus 12 months of age (the TOPS trial): a statistical analysis plan.

Author

Conroy, Elizabeth J., Cooper, Rachael, Shaw, William, Persson, Christina, Willadsen, Elisabeth, Munro, Kevin J., Williamson, Paula R., Semb, Gunvor, Walsh, Tanya, Gamble, Carrol, and TOPS trial management group

Subjects
PALATE surgery, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, STATISTICS, CLEFT palate, HEARING levels, MIDDLE ear, BONE conduction
Abstract

Background: Cleft palate is among the most common birth abnormalities. The success of primary surgery in the early months of life is crucial for successful feeding, hearing, dental development, and facial growth. Over recent decades, age at palatal surgery in infancy has reduced. The Timing Of Primary Surgery for cleft palate (TOPS) trial aims to determine whether, in infants with cleft palate, it is better to perform primary surgery at age 6 or 12 months (corrected for gestational age).Methods/design: The TOPS trial is an international, two-arm, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome is insufficient velopharyngeal function at 5 years of age. Secondary outcomes, measured at 12 months, 3 years, and 5 years of age, include measures of speech development, safety of the procedure, hearing level, middle ear function, dentofacial development, and growth. The analysis approaches for primary and secondary outcomes are described here, as are the descriptive statistics which will be reported. The TOPS protocol has been published previously.Discussion: This paper provides details of the planned statistical analyses for the TOPS trial and will reduce the risk of outcome reporting bias and data-driven results.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00993551 . Registered on 9 October 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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136. Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms I:Electrophysiology

Author

Prendergast, Garreth, Guest, Hannah, Munro, Kevin J., Kluk, Karolina, Léger, Agnès, Hall, Deborah A., Heinz, Michael G., and Plack, Christopher J.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Cochlear synaptopathy, Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous, AN, auditory nerve, FFR, frequency following response, OHC, outer hair cell, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Hearing, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Hidden hearing loss, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Reaction Time, Frequency-following response, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, NIHL, Noise-induced hearing loss, IHC, inner hair cell, Age Factors, Auditory Threshold, Electroencephalography, Auditory brainstem response, ABR, auditory brainstem response, Sensory Systems, Cochlea, Acoustic Stimulation, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, SR, spontaneous rate, TEOAE, transient-evoked otoacoustic emission, Synapses, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Female, sense organs, Noise-induced hearing loss, Noise, Research Paper
Abstract

Noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy has been demonstrated in numerous rodent studies. In these animal models, the disorder is characterized by a reduction in amplitude of wave I of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) to high-level stimuli, whereas the response at threshold is unaffected. The aim of the present study was to determine if this disorder is prevalent in young adult humans with normal audiometric hearing. One hundred and twenty six participants (75 females) aged 18–36 were tested. Participants had a wide range of lifetime noise exposures as estimated by a structured interview. Audiometric thresholds did not differ across noise exposures up to 8 kHz, although 16-kHz audiometric thresholds were elevated with increasing noise exposure for females but not for males. ABRs were measured in response to high-pass (1.5 kHz) filtered clicks of 80 and 100 dB peSPL. Frequency-following responses (FFRs) were measured to 80 dB SPL pure tones from 240 to 285 Hz, and to 80 dB SPL 4 kHz pure tones amplitude modulated at frequencies from 240 to 285 Hz (transposed tones). The bandwidth of the ABR stimuli and the carrier frequency of the transposed tones were chosen to target the 3–6 kHz characteristic frequency region which is usually associated with noise damage in humans. The results indicate no relation between noise exposure and the amplitude of the ABR. In particular, wave I of the ABR did not decrease with increasing noise exposure as predicted. ABR wave V latency increased with increasing noise exposure for the 80 dB peSPL click. High carrier-frequency (envelope) FFR signal-to-noise ratios decreased as a function of noise exposure in males but not females. However, these correlations were not significant after the effects of age were controlled. The results suggest either that noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy is not a significant problem in young, audiometrically normal adults, or that the ABR and FFR are relatively insensitive to this disorder in young humans, although it is possible that the effects become more pronounced with age., Highlights • Large study on the effects of lifetime noise exposure in normal-hearing young adults. • No clear evidence for noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in ABR or FFR measures. • Noise exposure associated with elevated 16-kHz audiometric thresholds in females.

Published
2017

144. A homozygous variant in mitochondrial RNase P subunit PRORP is associated with Perrault syndrome characterized by hearing loss and primary ovarian insufficiency

Author

Hochberg, Irit, primary, Demain, Leigh A. M., additional, Urquhart, Jill E., additional, Amberger, Albert, additional, Deutschmann, Andrea J., additional, Demetz, Sandra, additional, Thompson, Kyle, additional, O'sullivan, James, additional, Belyantseva, Inna A., additional, Barzik, Melanie, additional, Williams, Simon G., additional, Bhaskar, Sanjeev S., additional, Jenkinson, Emma M., additional, AlSheqaih, Nada, additional, Blumenfeld, Zeev, additional, Yalonetsky, Sergey, additional, Oerum, Stephanie, additional, Rossmanith, Walter, additional, Yue, Wyatt W., additional, Zschocke, Johannes, additional, Taylor, Robert W., additional, Friedman, Thomas B., additional, Munro, Kevin J., additional, O'Keefe, Raymond T., additional, and Newman, William G., additional

Published
2017
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146. Audiovisual cues benefit recognition of accented speech in noise but not perceptual adaptation

Author

Banks, Briony, Gowen, Emma, Munro, Kevin J., and Adank, Patti

Subjects
multisensory perception, Behavioral Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, audiovisual speech, perceptual adaptation, accented speech, speech perception, Biological Psychiatry, Neuroscience
Abstract

Perceptual adaptation allows humans to recognize different varieties of accented speech. We investigated whether perceptual adaptation to accented speech is facilitated if listeners can see a speaker’s facial and mouth movements. In Study 1, participants listened to sentences in a novel accent and underwent a period of training with audiovisual or audio-only speech cues, presented in quiet or in background noise. A control group also underwent training with visual-only (speech-reading) cues. We observed no significant difference in perceptual adaptation between any of the groups. To address a number of remaining questions, we carried out a second study using a different accent, speaker and experimental design, in which participants listened to sentences in a non-native (Japanese) accent with audiovisual or audio-only cues, without separate training. Participants’ eye gaze was recorded to verify that they looked at the speaker’s face during audiovisual trials. Recognition accuracy was significantly better for audiovisual than for audio-only stimuli; however, no statistical difference in perceptual adaptation was observed between the two modalities. Furthermore, Bayesian analysis suggested that the data supported the null hypothesis. Our results suggest that although the availability of visual speech cues may be immediately beneficial for recognition of unfamiliar accented speech in noise, it does not improve perceptual adaptation.

Published
2015

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