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105. Psychiatric disorders from childhood to adulthood in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: results from the International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Author

Schneider, Maude, Debbané, Martin, Bassett, Anne S, Chow, Eva WC, Fung, Wai Lun Alan, van den Bree, Marianne, Owen, Michael, Murphy, Kieran C, Niarchou, Maria, Kates, Wendy R, Antshel, Kevin M, Fremont, Wanda, McDonald-McGinn, Donna M, Gur, Raquel E, Zackai, Elaine H, Vorstman, Jacob, Duijff, Sasja N, Klaassen, Petra WJ, Swillen, Ann, Gothelf, Doron, Green, Tamar, Weizman, Abraham, Van Amelsvoort, Therese, Evers, Laurens, Boot, Erik, Shashi, Vandana, Hooper, Stephen R, Bearden, Carrie E, Jalbrzikowski, Maria, Armando, Marco, Vicari, Stefano, Murphy, Declan G, Ousley, Opal, Campbell, Linda E, Simon, Tony J, Eliez, Stephan, and International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Subjects
International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Humans, DiGeorge Syndrome, Intelligence, Mental Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Mood Disorders, Psychotic Disorders, Psychopathology, Age Factors, Sex Factors, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Child, Female, Male, Young Adult, Psychiatry, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

ObjectiveChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder associated with high rates of schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions. The authors report what is to their knowledge the first large-scale collaborative study of rates and sex distributions of psychiatric disorders from childhood to adulthood in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The associations among psychopathology, intellect, and functioning were examined in a subgroup of participants.MethodThe 1,402 participants with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, ages 6–68 years, were assessed for psychiatric disorders with validated diagnostic instruments. Data on intelligence and adaptive functioning were available for 183 participants ages 6 to 24 years.ResultsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was the most frequent disorder in children (37.10%) and was overrepresented in males. Anxiety disorders were more prevalent than mood disorders at all ages, but especially in children and adolescents. Anxiety and unipolar mood disorders were overrepresented in females. Psychotic disorders were present in 41% of adults over age 25. Males did not predominate in psychotic or autism spectrum disorders. Hierarchical regressions in the subgroup revealed that daily living skills were predicted by the presence of anxiety disorders. Psychopathology was not associated with communication or socialization skills.ConclusionsTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest study of psychiatric morbidity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. It validates previous findings that this condition is one of the strongest risk factors for psychosis. Anxiety and developmental disorders were also prevalent. These results highlight the need to monitor and reduce the long-term burden of psychopathology in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Published
2014

106. The Melbourne Consensus Statement on the early detection of prostate cancer.

Author

Murphy, Declan G, Ahlering, Thomas, Catalona, William J, Crowe, Helen, Crowe, Jane, Clarke, Noel, Cooperberg, Matthew, Gillatt, David, Gleave, Martin, Loeb, Stacy, Roobol, Monique, Sartor, Oliver, Pickles, Tom, Wootten, Addie, Walsh, Patrick C, and Costello, Anthony J

Subjects
Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Tumor Markers, Biological, Mass Screening, Risk Factors, Consensus, Decision Making, Aged, Middle Aged, Australia, Male, Digital Rectal Examination, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Early Detection of Cancer, PSA testing, guideline, prostate cancer, risk stratification, screening, Biomarkers, Tumor, Tumor Markers, Biological, Biomarkers, Tumor, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

Various conflicting guidelines and recommendations about prostate cancer screening and early detection have left both clinicians and their patients quite confused. At the Prostate Cancer World Congress held in Melbourne in August 2013, a multidisciplinary group of the world's leading experts in this area gathered together and generated this set of consensus statements to bring some clarity to this confusion. The five consensus statements provide clear guidance for clinicians counselling their patients about the early detection of prostate cancer.

Published
2014

107. Retinal GABAergic Alterations in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Author

Qiyun Huang, Ellis, Claire L., Leo, Shaun M., Velthuis, Hester, Pereira, Andreia C., Dimitrov, Mihail, Ponteduro, Francesca M., Wong, Nichol M. L., Daly, Eileen, Murphy, Declan G. M., Mahroo, Omar A., and McAlonan, Gráinne M.

Subjects
AUTISM spectrum disorders, ADULTS, AUDITORY perception, SENSORIMOTOR integration, INDIVIDUAL differences, GABA receptors, MELANOPSIN
Abstract

Alterations in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been implicated in sensory differences in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Visual signals are initially processed in the retina, and in this study, we explored the hypotheses that the GABA-dependent retinal response to light is altered in individuals with ASD. Light-adapted electroretinograms were recorded from 61 adults (38 males and 23 females; n = 22 ASD) in response to three stimulus protocols: (1) the standard white flash, (2) the standard 30 Hz flickering protocol, and (3) the photopic negative response protocol. Participants were administered an oral dose of placebo, 15 or 30 mg of arbaclofen (STX209, GABAB agonist) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover order before the test. At baseline (placebo), the a-wave amplitudes in response to single white flashes were more prominent in ASD, relative to typically developed (TD) participants. Arbaclofen was associated with a decrease in the a-wave amplitude in ASD, but an increase in TD, eliminating the group difference observed at baseline. The extent of this arbaclofen-elicited shift significantly correlated with the arbaclofen-elicited shift in cortical responses to auditory stimuli as measured by using an electroencephalogram in our prior study and with broader autistic traits measured with the autism quotient across the whole cohort. Hence, GABA-dependent differences in retinal light processing in ASD appear to be an accessible component of a wider autistic difference in the central processing of sensory information, which may be upstream of more complex autistic phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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108. The Current Landscape of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Imaging Biomarkers for Aggressive Prostate Cancer.

Author

Al Saffar, Haidar, Chen, David C., Delgado, Carlos, Ingvar, Jacob, Hofman, Michael S., Lawrentschuk, Nathan, Perera, Marlon, Murphy, Declan G., and Eapen, Renu

Subjects
CANCER invasiveness, PROSTATE-specific membrane antigen, UNNECESSARY surgery, COMPUTED tomography, PROSTATE tumors, TUMOR markers, POSITRON emission tomography, EVALUATION of medical care, OVERALL survival
Abstract

Simple Summary: The review explores the critical role of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT imaging in diagnosing, staging, and treating prostate cancer. PSMA PET/CT offers superior diagnostic capabilities for identifying prostate cancer's spread, with potential as a prognostic indicator for the disease's recurrence and survival. It highlights PSMA's variability in expression, impacting personalised treatment plans, notably in radioligand therapy with [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-617. This technology enhances treatment strategies, improves outcomes, and reduces unnecessary interventions, marking a significant advancement in personalised prostate cancer management. The review examines the vital role of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). It focuses on the superior diagnostic abilities of PSMA PET/CT for identifying both nodal and distant PCa, and its potential as a prognostic indicator for biochemical recurrence and overall survival. Additionally, we focused on the variability of PSMA's expression and its impact on personalised treatment, particularly the use of [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy. This review emphasises the essential role of PSMA PET/CT in enhancing treatment approaches, improving patient outcomes, and reducing unnecessary interventions, positioning it as a key element in personalised PCa management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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112. Barriers and enablers of active surveillance for prostate cancer: a qualitive study of clinicians

Author

Pattenden, Trent A., primary, Thangasamy, Isaac A., additional, Ong, Wee Loon, additional, Samaranayke, Dhanika, additional, Morton, Andrew, additional, Murphy, Declan G., additional, Evans, Sue, additional, Millar, Jeremy, additional, Chalasani, Venu, additional, Rashid, Prem, additional, Winter, Matthew, additional, Vela, Ian, additional, Pryor, David, additional, Mark, Stephen, additional, Loeb, Stacy, additional, Lawrentschuk, Nathan, additional, and Pritchard, Elizabeth, additional

Published
2023
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113. Sex-chromosome dosage effects on gene expression in humans

Author

Raznahan, Armin, Parikshak, Neelroop N., Chandran, Vijay, Blumenthal, Jonathan D., Clasen, Liv S., Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., Zinn, Andrew R., Wangsa, Danny, Wise, Jasen, Murphy, Declan G. M., Bolton, Patrick F., Ried, Thomas, Ross, Judith, Giedd, Jay N., and Geschwind, Daniel H.

Published
2018

114. Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Humans

Author

Ecker, Christine, Schmeisser, Michael J., Loth, Eva, Murphy, Declan G., Korf, Horst-Werner, Series editor, Boeckers, T.M., Series editor, Clascá, Francisco, Series editor, Kmiec, Z., Series editor, Singh, Baljit, Series editor, Sutovsky, Peter, Series editor, Timmermans, Jean-Pierre, Series editor, Schmeisser, Michael J., editor, and Boeckers, Tobias M., editor

Published
2017
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117. New types of radiotherapy improve cancer outcome but at what cost?

Author

Murphy, Declan G, Williams, Scott, and Cooperberg, Matthew R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Urologic Diseases, Prostate Cancer, Aging, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.5 Radiotherapy and other non-invasive therapies, 5.5 Radiotherapy and other non-invasive therapies, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms, Proton Therapy, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

New and very expensive forms of radiotherapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, have taken over the localized prostate cancer market. But is there enough evidence to justify their increased utilization and if so, how can we possibly afford them?

Published
2012

118. Prostate cancer: new types of radiotherapy improve cancer outcome but at what cost?

Author

Murphy, Declan G, Williams, Scott, and Cooperberg, Matthew R

Subjects
Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Male, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated, Proton Therapy, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

New and very expensive forms of radiotherapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, have taken over the localized prostate cancer market. But is there enough evidence to justify their increased utilization and if so, how can we possibly afford them?

Published
2012

120. Transcriptomic and cellular decoding of regional brain vulnerability to neurogenetic disorders

Author

Seidlitz, Jakob, Nadig, Ajay, Liu, Siyuan, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Vértes, Petra E., Morgan, Sarah E., Váša, František, Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Lalonde, François M., Clasen, Liv S., Blumenthal, Jonathan D., Paquola, Casey, Bernhardt, Boris, Wagstyl, Konrad, Polioudakis, Damon, de la Torre-Ubieta, Luis, Geschwind, Daniel H., Han, Joan C., Lee, Nancy R., Murphy, Declan G., Bullmore, Edward T., and Raznahan, Armin

Published
2020
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121. Author Correction: Transcriptomic and cellular decoding of regional brain vulnerability to neurogenetic disorders

Author

Seidlitz, Jakob, Nadig, Ajay, Liu, Siyuan, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Vértes, Petra E., Morgan, Sarah E., Váša, František, Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Lalonde, François M., Clasen, Liv S., Blumenthal, Jonathan D., Paquola, Casey, Bernhardt, Boris, Wagstyl, Konrad, Polioudakis, Damon, de la Torre-Ubieta, Luis, Geschwind, Daniel H., Han, Joan C., Lee, Nancy R., Murphy, Declan G., Bullmore, Edward T., and Raznahan, Armin

Published
2020
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123. Co‐designing an online treatment decision aid for men with low‐risk prostate cancer: Navigate

Author

Schofield, Penelope, primary, Hyatt, Amelia, additional, White, Alan, additional, White, Fiona, additional, Frydenberg, Mark, additional, Chambers, Suzanne, additional, Gardiner, Robert, additional, Murphy, Declan G., additional, Cavedon, Lawrence, additional, Millar, Jeremy, additional, Richards, Natalie, additional, Murphy, Barbara, additional, and Juraskova, Ilona, additional

Published
2023
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129. Report of the Second Asian Prostate Cancer (A-CaP) Study Meeting

Author

Kim, Choung-Soo, Lee, Ji Youl, Chung, Byung Ha, Kim, Wun-Jae, Fai, Ng Chi, Hakim, Lukman, Umbas, Rainy, Ong, Teng Aik, Lim, Jasmine, Letran, Jason L., Chiong, Edmund, Wu, Tong-lin, Lojanapiwat, Bannakij, Türkeri, Levent, Murphy, Declan G., Gardiner, Robert A., Moretti, Kim, Cooperberg, Matthew, Carroll, Peter, Mun, Seong Ki, Hinotsu, Shiro, Hirao, Yoshihiko, Ozono, Seiichiro, Horie, Shigeo, Onozawa, Mizuki, Kitagawa, Yasuhide, Kitamura, Tadaichi, Namiki, Mikio, and Akaza, Hideyuki

Published
2017
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133. Altered structural brain asymmetry in autism spectrum disorder in a study of 54 datasets

Author

Postema, Merel C., van Rooij, Daan, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Arango, Celso, Auzias, Guillaume, Behrmann, Marlene, Filho, Geraldo Busatto, Calderoni, Sara, Calvo, Rosa, Daly, Eileen, Deruelle, Christine, Di Martino, Adriana, Dinstein, Ilan, Duran, Fabio Luis S., Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fair, Damien, Fedor, Jennifer, Feng, Xin, Fitzgerald, Jackie, Floris, Dorothea L., Freitag, Christine M., Gallagher, Louise, Glahn, David C., Gori, Ilaria, Haar, Shlomi, Hoekstra, Liesbeth, Jahanshad, Neda, Jalbrzikowski, Maria, Janssen, Joost, King, Joseph A., Kong, Xiang Zhen, Lazaro, Luisa, Lerch, Jason P., Luna, Beatriz, Martinho, Mauricio M., McGrath, Jane, Medland, Sarah E., Muratori, Filippo, Murphy, Clodagh M., Murphy, Declan G. M., O’Hearn, Kirsten, Oranje, Bob, Parellada, Mara, Puig, Olga, Retico, Alessandra, Rosa, Pedro, Rubia, Katya, Shook, Devon, Taylor, Margot J., Tosetti, Michela, Wallace, Gregory L., Zhou, Fengfeng, Thompson, Paul M., Fisher, Simon E., Buitelaar, Jan K., and Francks, Clyde

Published
2019
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134. Does Sex Influence the Diagnostic Evaluation of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults?

Author

Wilson, C. Ellie, Murphy, Clodagh M., McAlonan, Grainne, Robertson, Dene M., Spain, Debbie, Hayward, Hannah, Woodhouse, Emma, Deeley, P. Quinton, Gillan, Nicola, Ohlsen, J. Chris, Zinkstok, Janneke, Stoencheva, Vladimira, Faulkner, Jessica, Yildiran, Hatice, Bell, Vaughan, Hammond, Neil, Craig, Michael C., and Murphy, Declan G. M.

Abstract

It is unknown whether sex influences the diagnostic evaluation of autism spectrum disorder, or whether male and female adults within the spectrum have different symptom profiles. This study reports sex differences in clinical outcomes for 1,244 adults (935 males and 309 females) referred for autism spectrum disorder assessment. Significantly, more males (72%) than females (66%) were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder of any subtype (x[superscript 2] = 4.09; p = 0.04). In high-functioning autism spectrum disorder adults (IQ > 70; N = 827), there were no significant sex differences in severity of socio-communicative domain symptoms. Males had significantly more repetitive behaviours/restricted interests than females (p = 0.001, d = 0.3). A multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction between autism spectrum disorder subtype (full-autism spectrum disorder/partial-autism spectrum disorder) and sex: in full-autism spectrum disorder, males had more severe socio-communicative symptoms than females; for partial-autism spectrum disorder, the reverse was true. There were no sex differences in prevalence of co-morbid psychopathologies. Sex influenced diagnostic evaluation in a clinical sample of adults with suspected autism spectrum disorder. The sexes may present with different manifestations of the autism spectrum disorder phenotype and differences vary by diagnostic subtype. Understanding and awareness of adult female repetitive behaviours/restricted interests warrant attention and sex-specific diagnostic assessment tools may need to be considered.

Published
2016
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135. The Mental Health of Individuals Referred for Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adulthood: A Clinic Report

Author

Russell, Ailsa J., Murphy, Clodagh M., Wilson, Ellie, Gillan, Nicola, Brown, Cordelia, Robertson, Dene M., Craig, Michael C., Deeley, Quinton, Zinkstok, Janneke, Johnston, Kate, McAlonan, Grainne M., Spain, Deborah, and Murphy, Declan G. M.

Abstract

Growing awareness of autism spectrum disorders has increased the demand for diagnostic services in adulthood. High rates of mental health problems have been reported in young people and adults with autism spectrum disorder. However, sampling and methodological issues mean prevalence estimates and conclusions about specificity in psychiatric co-morbidity in autism spectrum disorder remain unclear. A retrospective case review of 859 adults referred for assessment of autism spectrum disorder compares International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnoses in those that met criteria for autism spectrum disorder (n = 474) with those that did not (n = 385). Rates of psychiatric diagnosis (>57%) were equivalent across both groups and exceeded general population rates for a number of conditions. The prevalence of anxiety disorders, particularly obsessive compulsive disorder, was significantly higher in adults with autism spectrum disorder than adults without autism spectrum disorder. Limitations of this observational clinic study, which may impact generalisability of the findings, include the lack of standardised structured psychiatric diagnostic assessments by assessors blind to autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and inter-rater reliability. The implications of this study highlight the need for careful consideration of mental health needs in all adults referred for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.

Published
2016
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140. Treatment de‐intensification for low‐risk biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: rational or risky?

Author

Roberts, Matthew J., primary, Hruby, George, additional, Kneebone, Andrew, additional, Martin, Jarad M., additional, Williams, Scott G., additional, Frydenberg, Mark, additional, Murphy, Declan G., additional, Namdarian, Ben, additional, Yaxley, John W., additional, Hofman, Michael S., additional, Davis, Ian D., additional, and Emmett, Louise, additional

Published
2023
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141. Linking functional and structural brain organisation with behaviour in autism: A multimodal EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) study

Author

Oblong, Lennart M, primary, Llera, Alberto, additional, Mei, Ting, additional, Haak, Koen, additional, Isakoglou, Christina, additional, Floris, Dorothea L, additional, Durston, Sarah, additional, Moessnang, Carolin, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Loth, Eva, additional, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Murphy, Declan G M, additional, Ecker, Christine, additional, Buitelaar, Jan K, additional, Beckmann, Christian F, additional, group, the EU-AIMS LEAP group the EU-AIMS LEAP, additional, and Forde, Natalie J, additional

Published
2023
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144. Management of Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer. Part I:Intermediate-/High-risk and Locally Advanced Disease, Biochemical Relapse, and Side Effects of Hormonal Treatment: Report of the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2022

Author

Gillessen, Silke, Bossi, Alberto, Davis, Ian D., de Bono, Johann, Fizazi, Karim, James, Nicholas D., Mottet, Nicolas, Shore, Neal, Small, Eric, Smith, Mathew, Sweeney, Christopher, Tombal, Bertrand, Antonarakis, Emmanuel S., Aparicio, Ana M., Armstrong, Andrew J., Attard, Gerhardt, Beer, Tomasz M., Beltran, Himisha, Bjartell, Anders, Blanchard, Pierre, Briganti, Alberto, Bristow, Rob G., Bulbul, Muhammad, Caffo, Orazio, Castellano, Daniel, Castro, Elena, Cheng, Heather H., Chi, Kim N., Chowdhury, Simon, Clarke, Caroline S., Clarke, Noel, Daugaard, Gedske, De Santis, Maria, Duran, Ignacio, Eeles, Ros, Efstathiou, Eleni, Efstathiou, Jason, Ngozi Ekeke, Onyeanunam, Evans, Christopher P., Fanti, Stefano, Feng, Felix Y., Fonteyne, Valerie, Fossati, Nicola, Frydenberg, Mark, George, Daniel, Gleave, Martin, Gravis, Gwenaelle, Halabi, Susan, Heinrich, Daniel, Herrmann, Ken, Higano, Celestia, Hofman, Michael S., Horvath, Lisa G., Hussain, Maha, Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara Alicja, Jones, Robert, Kanesvaran, Ravindran, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, Pirkko Liisa, Khauli, Raja B., Klotz, Laurence, Kramer, Gero, Leibowitz, Raya, Logothetis, Christopher J., Mahal, Brandon A., Maluf, Fernando, Mateo, Joaquin, Matheson, David, Mehra, Niven, Merseburger, Axel, Morgans, Alicia K., Morris, Michael J., Mrabti, Hind, Mukherji, Deborah, Murphy, Declan G., Murthy, Vedang, Nguyen, Paul L., Oh, William K., Ost, Piet, O'Sullivan, Joe M., Padhani, Anwar R., Pezaro, Carmel, Poon, Darren M.C., Pritchard, Colin C., Rabah, Danny M., Rathkopf, Dana, Reiter, Robert E., Rubin, Mark A., Ryan, Charles J., Saad, Fred, Pablo Sade, Juan, Sartor, Oliver A., Scher, Howard I., Sharifi, Nima, Skoneczna, Iwona, Soule, Howard, Spratt, Daniel E., Srinivas, Sandy, Sternberg, Cora N., Steuber, Thomas, Suzuki, Hiroyoshi, Sydes, Matthew R., Taplin, Mary Ellen, Tilki, Derya, Türkeri, Levent, Turco, Fabio, Uemura, Hiroji, Uemura, Hirotsugu, Ürün, Yüksel, Vale, Claire L., van Oort, Inge, Vapiwala, Neha, Walz, Jochen, Yamoah, Kosj, Ye, Dingwei, Yu, Evan Y., Zapatero, Almudena, Zilli, Thomas, Omlin, Aurelius, Gillessen, Silke, Bossi, Alberto, Davis, Ian D., de Bono, Johann, Fizazi, Karim, James, Nicholas D., Mottet, Nicolas, Shore, Neal, Small, Eric, Smith, Mathew, Sweeney, Christopher, Tombal, Bertrand, Antonarakis, Emmanuel S., Aparicio, Ana M., Armstrong, Andrew J., Attard, Gerhardt, Beer, Tomasz M., Beltran, Himisha, Bjartell, Anders, Blanchard, Pierre, Briganti, Alberto, Bristow, Rob G., Bulbul, Muhammad, Caffo, Orazio, Castellano, Daniel, Castro, Elena, Cheng, Heather H., Chi, Kim N., Chowdhury, Simon, Clarke, Caroline S., Clarke, Noel, Daugaard, Gedske, De Santis, Maria, Duran, Ignacio, Eeles, Ros, Efstathiou, Eleni, Efstathiou, Jason, Ngozi Ekeke, Onyeanunam, Evans, Christopher P., Fanti, Stefano, Feng, Felix Y., Fonteyne, Valerie, Fossati, Nicola, Frydenberg, Mark, George, Daniel, Gleave, Martin, Gravis, Gwenaelle, Halabi, Susan, Heinrich, Daniel, Herrmann, Ken, Higano, Celestia, Hofman, Michael S., Horvath, Lisa G., Hussain, Maha, Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara Alicja, Jones, Robert, Kanesvaran, Ravindran, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, Pirkko Liisa, Khauli, Raja B., Klotz, Laurence, Kramer, Gero, Leibowitz, Raya, Logothetis, Christopher J., Mahal, Brandon A., Maluf, Fernando, Mateo, Joaquin, Matheson, David, Mehra, Niven, Merseburger, Axel, Morgans, Alicia K., Morris, Michael J., Mrabti, Hind, Mukherji, Deborah, Murphy, Declan G., Murthy, Vedang, Nguyen, Paul L., Oh, William K., Ost, Piet, O'Sullivan, Joe M., Padhani, Anwar R., Pezaro, Carmel, Poon, Darren M.C., Pritchard, Colin C., Rabah, Danny M., Rathkopf, Dana, Reiter, Robert E., Rubin, Mark A., Ryan, Charles J., Saad, Fred, Pablo Sade, Juan, Sartor, Oliver A., Scher, Howard I., Sharifi, Nima, Skoneczna, Iwona, Soule, Howard, Spratt, Daniel E., Srinivas, Sandy, Sternberg, Cora N., Steuber, Thomas, Suzuki, Hiroyoshi, Sydes, Matthew R., Taplin, Mary Ellen, Tilki, Derya, Türkeri, Levent, Turco, Fabio, Uemura, Hiroji, Uemura, Hirotsugu, Ürün, Yüksel, Vale, Claire L., van Oort, Inge, Vapiwala, Neha, Walz, Jochen, Yamoah, Kosj, Ye, Dingwei, Yu, Evan Y., Zapatero, Almudena, Zilli, Thomas, and Omlin, Aurelius

Abstract

Background: Innovations in imaging and molecular characterisation and the evolution of new therapies have improved outcomes in advanced prostate cancer. Nonetheless, we continue to lack high-level evidence on a variety of clinical topics that greatly impact daily practice. To supplement evidence-based guidelines, the 2022 Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC 2022) surveyed experts about key dilemmas in clinical management. Objective: To present consensus voting results for select questions from APCCC 2022. Design, setting, and participants: Before the conference, a panel of 117 international prostate cancer experts used a modified Delphi process to develop 198 multiple-choice consensus questions on (1) intermediate- and high-risk and locally advanced prostate cancer, (2) biochemical recurrence after local treatment, (3) side effects from hormonal therapies, (4) metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, (5) nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, (6) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and (7) oligometastatic and oligoprogressive prostate cancer. Before the conference, these questions were administered via a web-based survey to the 105 physician panel members (“panellists”) who directly engage in prostate cancer treatment decision-making. Herein, we present results for the 82 questions on topics 1–3. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement, with strong consensus defined as ≥90% agreement. Results and limitations: The voting results reveal varying degrees of consensus, as is discussed in this article and shown in the detailed results in the Supplementary material. The findings reflect the opinions of an international panel of experts and did not incorporate a formal literature review and meta-analysis. Conclusions: These voting results by a panel of international experts in advanced prostate cancer can help physicians and patients navigate controversial areas of clinical man

Published
2023

145. The Link Between Autism and Sex-Related Neuroanatomy, and Associated Cognition and Gene Expression

Author

Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Peng, Han, Warrier, Varun, Lombardo, Michael V, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Moreau, Clara, Tsompanidis, Alex, Gong, Weikang, Mennes, Maarten, Llera, Alberto, van Rooij, Daan, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Forde, Natalie J, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Tillmann, Julian, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Durston, Sarah, Holt, Rosemary J, Ecker, Christine, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Loth, Eva, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Murphy, Declan G M, Marquand, Andre F, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian F, et al, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Peng, Han, Warrier, Varun, Lombardo, Michael V, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Moreau, Clara, Tsompanidis, Alex, Gong, Weikang, Mennes, Maarten, Llera, Alberto, van Rooij, Daan, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Forde, Natalie J, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Tillmann, Julian, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Durston, Sarah, Holt, Rosemary J, Ecker, Christine, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Loth, Eva, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Murphy, Declan G M, Marquand, Andre F, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian F, and et al

Abstract

Objective: The male preponderance in prevalence of autism is among the most pronounced sex ratios across neurodevelopmental conditions. The authors sought to elucidate the relationship between autism and typical sex-differential neuroanatomy, cognition, and related gene expression. Methods: Using a novel deep learning framework trained to predict biological sex based on T1-weighted structural brain images, the authors compared sex prediction model performance across neurotypical and autistic males and females. Multiple large-scale data sets comprising T1-weighted MRI data were employed at four stages of the analysis pipeline: 1) pretraining, with the UK Biobank sample (>10,000 individuals); 2) transfer learning and validation, with the ABIDE data sets (1,412 individuals, 5–56 years of age); 3) test and discovery, with the EU-AIMS/AIMS-2-TRIALS LEAP data set (681 individuals, 6–30 years of age); and 4) specificity, with the NeuroIMAGE and ADHD200 data sets (887 individuals, 7–26 years of age). Results: Across both ABIDE and LEAP, features positively predictive of neurotypical males were on average significantly more predictive of autistic males (ABIDE: Cohen’s d=0.48; LEAP: Cohen’s d=1.34). Features positively predictive of neurotypical females were on average significantly less predictive of autistic females (ABIDE: Cohen’s d=1.25; LEAP: Cohen’s d=1.29). These differences in sex prediction accuracy in autism were not observed in individuals with ADHD. In autistic females, the male-shifted neurophenotype was further associated with poorer social sensitivity and emotional face processing while also associated with gene expression patterns of midgestational cell types. Conclusions: The results demonstrate an increased resemblance in both autistic male and female individuals’ neuroanatomy with male-characteristic patterns associated with typically sex-differential social cognitive features and related gene expression patterns. The findings hold promise for future resear

Published
2023

146. Connectome-wide Mega-analysis Reveals Robust Patterns of Atypical Functional Connectivity in Autism

Author

Ilioska, Iva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-8196, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Llera, Alberto, Chopra, Sidhant, Looden, Tristan, Chauvin, Roselyne, van Rooij, Daan, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Tillmann, Julian, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Holt, Rosemary J, Loth, Eva, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Murphy, Declan G M, Ecker, Christine, Mennes, Maarten, Beckmann, Christian F, Fornito, Alex, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Ilioska, Iva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-8196, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Llera, Alberto, Chopra, Sidhant, Looden, Tristan, Chauvin, Roselyne, van Rooij, Daan, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Tillmann, Julian, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Holt, Rosemary J, Loth, Eva, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Murphy, Declan G M, Ecker, Christine, Mennes, Maarten, Beckmann, Christian F, Fornito, Alex, and Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757

Abstract

Background Neuroimaging studies of functional connectivity (FC) in autism have been hampered by small sample sizes and inconsistent findings with regard to whether connectivity is increased or decreased in individuals with autism, whether these alterations affect focal systems or reflect a brain-wide pattern, and whether these are age and/or sex dependent. Methods The study included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from the EU-AIMS LEAP (European Autism Interventions Longitudinal European Autism Project) and the ABIDE (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange) 1 and 2 initiatives of 1824 (796 with autism) participants with an age range of 5–58 years. Between-group differences in FC were assessed, and associations between FC and clinical symptom ratings were investigated through canonical correlation analysis. Results Autism was associated with a brainwide pattern of hypo- and hyperconnectivity. Hypoconnectivity predominantly affected sensory and higher-order attentional networks and correlated with social impairments, restrictive and repetitive behavior, and sensory processing. Hyperconnectivity was observed primarily between the default mode network and the rest of the brain and between cortical and subcortical systems. This pattern was strongly associated with social impairments and sensory processing. Interactions between diagnosis and age or sex were not statistically significant. Conclusions The FC alterations observed, which primarily involve hypoconnectivity of primary sensory and attention networks and hyperconnectivity of the default mode network and subcortex with the rest of the brain, do not appear to be age or sex dependent and correlate with clinical dimensions of social difficulties, restrictive and repetitive behaviors, and alterations in sensory processing. These findings suggest that the observed connectivity alterations are stable, trait-like features of autism that are related to the main symptom domains of the cond

Published
2023

147. Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroanatomical profiles of distinct clinical (adaptive) outcomes in autism

Author

Pretzsch, Charlotte M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-6628, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Schäfer, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-8070, Bletsch, Anke; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-4065, Gurr, Caroline, Lombardo, Michael V, Chatham, Chris H; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-8285, Tillmann, Julian, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Arenella, Martina, Jones, Emily, Ambrosino, Sara, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Dumas, Guillaume; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-1844, Cliquet, Freddy; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0685, Leblond, Claire S, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Oakley, Bethany, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Beckmann, Christian F, Persico, Antonio M, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Durston, Sarah, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Ecker, Christine, Pretzsch, Charlotte M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-6628, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Schäfer, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-8070, Bletsch, Anke; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-4065, Gurr, Caroline, Lombardo, Michael V, Chatham, Chris H; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-8285, Tillmann, Julian, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Arenella, Martina, Jones, Emily, Ambrosino, Sara, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Dumas, Guillaume; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-1844, Cliquet, Freddy; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0685, Leblond, Claire S, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Oakley, Bethany, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Beckmann, Christian F, Persico, Antonio M, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Durston, Sarah, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, and Ecker, Christine

Abstract

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth referred to as autism) display significant variation in clinical outcome. For instance, across age, some individuals’ adaptive skills naturally improve or remain stable, while others’ decrease. To pave the way for ‘precision-medicine’ approaches, it is crucial to identify the cross-sectional and, given the developmental nature of autism, longitudinal neurobiological (including neuroanatomical and linked genetic) correlates of this variation. We conducted a longitudinal follow-up study of 333 individuals (161 autistic and 172 neurotypical individuals, aged 6–30 years), with two assessment time points separated by ~12–24 months. We collected behavioural (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale-II, VABS-II) and neuroanatomical (structural magnetic resonance imaging) data. Autistic participants were grouped into clinically meaningful “Increasers”, “No-changers”, and “Decreasers” in adaptive behaviour (based on VABS-II scores). We compared each clinical subgroup’s neuroanatomy (surface area and cortical thickness at T1, ∆T (intra-individual change) and T2) to that of the neurotypicals. Next, we explored the neuroanatomical differences’ potential genomic associates using the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Clinical subgroups had distinct neuroanatomical profiles in surface area and cortical thickness at baseline, neuroanatomical development, and follow-up. These profiles were enriched for genes previously associated with autism and for genes previously linked to neurobiological pathways implicated in autism (e.g. excitation-inhibition systems). Our findings suggest that distinct clinical outcomes (i.e. intra-individual change in clinical profiles) linked to autism core symptoms are associated with atypical cross-sectional and longitudinal, i.e. developmental, neurobiological profiles. If validated, our findings may advance the development of interventions, e.g. targeting mechanisms linked to relatively poorer outcomes.

Published
2023

148. Fine-grained topographic organization within somatosensory cortex during resting-state and emotional face-matching task and its association with ASD traits

Author

Isakoglou, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-0400, Haak, Koen V, Wolfers, Thomas, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Llera, Alberto, Oldehinkel, Marianne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0548, Forde, Natalie J, Oakley, Bethany F M, Tillmann, Julian, Holt, Rosemary J, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Marquand, Andre F, Beckmann, Christian F, Isakoglou, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-0400, Haak, Koen V, Wolfers, Thomas, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Llera, Alberto, Oldehinkel, Marianne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0548, Forde, Natalie J, Oakley, Bethany F M, Tillmann, Julian, Holt, Rosemary J, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Marquand, Andre F, and Beckmann, Christian F

Abstract

Sensory atypicalities are particularly common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Nevertheless, our knowledge about the divergent functioning of the underlying somatosensory region and its association with ASD phenotype features is limited. We applied a data-driven approach to map the fine-grained variations in functional connectivity of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to the rest of the brain in 240 autistic and 164 neurotypical individuals from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset, aged between 7 and 30. We estimated the S1 connection topography (‘connectopy’) at rest and during the emotional face-matching (Hariri) task, an established measure of emotion reactivity, and accessed its association with a set of clinical and behavioral variables. We first demonstrated that the S1 connectopy is organized along a dorsoventral axis, mapping onto the S1 somatotopic organization. We then found that its spatial characteristics were linked to the individuals’ adaptive functioning skills, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, across the whole sample. Higher functional differentiation characterized the S1 connectopies of individuals with higher daily life adaptive skills. Notably, we detected significant differences between rest and the Hariri task in the S1 connectopies, as well as their projection maps onto the rest of the brain suggesting a task-modulating effect on S1 due to emotion processing. All in all, variation of adaptive skills appears to be reflected in the brain’s mesoscale neural circuitry, as shown by the S1 connectivity profile, which is also differentially modulated during rest and emotional processing.

Published
2023

149. Characterizing Subcortical Structural Heterogeneity in Autism

Author

MacDonald, David N, Bedford, Saashi A, Olafson, Emily, Park, Min Tae M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-7432, Devenyi, Gabriel A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-1187, Tullo, Stephanie, Patel, Raihaan, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Bullmore, Edward T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-8283, Chura, Lindsay R, Craig, Michael C, Ecker, Christine, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Holt, Rosemary J, Lenroot, Rhoshel, Lerch, Jason P, Lombardo, Michael V; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-8619, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Raznahan, Armin, Ruigrok, Amber N V, Smith, Elizabeth, Shinohara, Russell T, Spencer, Michael D, Suckling, John, Taylor, Margot J, Thurm, Audrey, Lai, Meng-Chuan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-5508, Chakravarty, M Mallar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-5508, MacDonald, David N, Bedford, Saashi A, Olafson, Emily, Park, Min Tae M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-7432, Devenyi, Gabriel A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-1187, Tullo, Stephanie, Patel, Raihaan, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Bullmore, Edward T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-8283, Chura, Lindsay R, Craig, Michael C, Ecker, Christine, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Holt, Rosemary J, Lenroot, Rhoshel, Lerch, Jason P, Lombardo, Michael V; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-8619, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Raznahan, Armin, Ruigrok, Amber N V, Smith, Elizabeth, Shinohara, Russell T, Spencer, Michael D, Suckling, John, Taylor, Margot J, Thurm, Audrey, Lai, Meng-Chuan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-5508, and Chakravarty, M Mallar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-5508

Abstract

Autism presents with significant phenotypic and neuroanatomical heterogeneity, and neuroimaging studies of the thalamus, globus pallidus and striatum in autism have produced inconsistent and contradictory results. These structures are critical mediators of functions known to be atypical in autism, including sensory gating and motor function. We examined both volumetric and fine-grained localized shape differences in autism using a large (n=3145, 1045-1318 after strict quality control), cross-sectional dataset of T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 32 sites, including both males and females (assigned-at-birth). We investigated three potentially important sources of neuroanatomical heterogeneity: sex, age, and intelligence quotient (IQ), using a meta-analytic technique after strict quality control to minimize non-biological sources of variation. We observed no volumetric differences in the thalamus, globus pallidus, or striatum in autism. Rather, we identified a variety of localized shape differences in all three structures. Including age, but not sex or IQ, in the statistical model improved the fit for both the pallidum and striatum, but not for the thalamus. Age-centered shape analysis indicated a variety of age-dependent regional differences. Overall, our findings help confirm that the neurodevelopment of the striatum, globus pallidus and thalamus are atypical in autism, in a subtle location-dependent manner that is not reflected in overall structure volumes, and that is highly non-uniform across the lifespan.

Published
2023

150. The neuroanatomical substrates of autism and ADHD and their link to putative genomic underpinnings

Author

Berg, Lisa M, Gurr, Caroline, Leyhausen, Johanna, Seelemeyer, Hanna, Bletsch, Anke, Schaefer, Tim, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Oakley, Bethany, Loth, Eva, Floris, Dorothea L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Beckmann, Christian F, Banaschewski, Tobias, Charman, Tony, Jones, Emily J H, Tillmann, Julian, Chatham, Chris H, Bourgeron, Thomas, EU-AIMS LEAP group, Murphy, Declan G, Ecker, Christine, Berg, Lisa M, Gurr, Caroline, Leyhausen, Johanna, Seelemeyer, Hanna, Bletsch, Anke, Schaefer, Tim, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Oakley, Bethany, Loth, Eva, Floris, Dorothea L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Beckmann, Christian F, Banaschewski, Tobias, Charman, Tony, Jones, Emily J H, Tillmann, Julian, Chatham, Chris H, Bourgeron, Thomas, EU-AIMS LEAP group, Murphy, Declan G, and Ecker, Christine

Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions accompanied by differences in brain development. Neuroanatomical differences in autism are variable across individuals and likely underpin distinct clinical phenotypes. To parse heterogeneity, it is essential to establish how the neurobiology of ASD is modulated by differences associated with co-occurring conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to (1) investigate between-group differences in autistic individuals with and without co-occurring ADHD, and to (2) link these variances to putative genomic underpinnings. Methods: We examined differences in cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) and their genomic associations in a sample of 533 individuals from the Longitudinal European Autism Project. Using a general linear model including main effects of autism and ADHD, and an ASD-by-ADHD interaction, we examined to which degree ADHD modulates the autism-related neuroanatomy. Further, leveraging the spatial gene expression data of the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we identified genes whose spatial expression patterns resemble our neuroimaging findings. Results: In addition to significant main effects for ASD and ADHD in fronto-temporal, limbic, and occipital regions, we observed a significant ASD-by-ADHD interaction in the left precentral gyrus and the right frontal gyrus for measures of CT and SA, respectively. Moreover, individuals with ASD + ADHD differed in CT to those without. Both main effects and the interaction were enriched for ASD-but not for ADHD-related genes. Limitations: Although we employed a multicenter design to overcome single-site recruitment limitations, our sample size of N = 25 individuals in the ADHD only group is relatively small compared to the other subgroups, which limits the generalizability of the results. Also, we assigned subjects into ADHD positive groupings according to the DSM-5 rating scale. While this is sufficie

Published
2023

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