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The main features of extraction of Sc from aqueous nitric acid solutions with triisoamyl phosphate (TIAP) were studied. It was shown that Sc passes into the organic phase in the form of Sc(NO3)3·3TIAP. The extraction isotherms of Sc from its aqueous HNO3 solutions and from those containing salting-out agents (LiNO3, NH4NO3) with TIAP in dodecane were obtained. The distribution factor of Sc was studied in relation to the concentrations of TIAP, salting-out agent, and HNO3. The extraction of Sc and impurity metals (Zr, Th, REE) with TIAP was studied at widely varied HNO3 concentration in the aqueous phase. The separation factors of Sc from impurity metals were determined.

Replacement of electrofilters in a external cyclone system for dust removal from regeneration gases on the 1A/1M unit allowed significantly reducing operating costs while maintaining emission of catalyst dust into the atmosphere at the previous level.

The main features of extraction of ytterbium chloride with dibutyl butylphosphonate (DBBP) and triisoamylphosphine oxide (TIAPO) were studied. The effects of temperature, DBBP and TIAPO concentrations in 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB), and concentrations of salting-out agents LiCl and NH4Cl and mineral acid (HCl) on the ytterbium distribution coefficient were determined. The isotherms of extraction of HCl and YbCl3 with 50% DBBP and TIAPO in TMB were obtained. The composition of the extractable complexes of ytterbium chloride with DBBP and TIAPO (S), YbCl3·3S, was determined by saturation and dilution methods. The saturation of 50% solutions of DBBP and TIAPO in TMB with ytterbium chloride was modeled. Two samples of scintillators with ytterbium concentration of 90 g l- 1 were prepared, and their physical parameters were measured. The stability of sample properties was tested for 18 months.

The AC converter-fed electric motors of DBM series developed at Electroprivod are described. The motors are intended to operate in electric drives with enhanced dynamic characteristics and positioning accuracy.

A system of education in the field of energy saving has been developed, built and successfully used for a number of years in the Ural region. In the Ural Federal University (UrFU) the "Energy Saving" Department and Regional Learning and Teaching Centre were created in 1999. At the present time more than 2000 senior students of ten institutes and of a number of UrFU territorial branches listen to lectures and study energy saving and energy efficiency issues at the practical studies yearly at the "Energy Saving" Department. In teaching the above mentioned disciplines a problematic-topical approach is used. It promotes forming a high level of concern and motivation among students to study and master the bases of theoretical and practical activity, enabling them to get the most actual and reliable information. Employees of the department have prepared and published a considerable volume of courseware and scientific-andtechnological literature on the problems of energy saving and raising efficiency of energy usage, forming an academic system, which includes different levels and types of knowledge, methods of educating. Masters' preparing has been started together with the department "Atomic power stations and renewable energy sources" with the deepened studying energy saving and energy efficiency issues. Taking this experience into account, an education standard of UrFU "Energy saving and energy efficiency raising in industry and budget sphere". Thus, a complex approach for creating and constantly improving the system of energy saving specialists' preparation has been realized and is being developed in the territory of the Ural region. © 2014 WIT Press. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

Extraction of HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, H3AsO4, HF, and H2C2O4 with triisoamyl phosphate (TiAP), diisooctyl methylphosphonate (DiOMP), isoamyldialkyl(C7-C9)phosphine oxide (DRPO), and cyclohexyldialkyl(C7-C9)phosphine oxide (DRPO-1Ts) was studied, and the extraction isotherms were obtained. The solvation numbers of certain acids and extractants were determined by dilution and saturation methods. Purification of wet-process phosphoric acid to remove arsenic was studied. Distribution of Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn microamounts in the oxalic acid-neutral organophosphorus compound (NOPC) extraction systems was measured, and the feasibility of purification of oxalic acid to remove these metals to a 10-7% content was demonstrated.

Excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system forms the basis of pathogenesis of essential arterial hypertension (AH). The present work was aimed at evaluating efficacy and safety of endovascular radiofrequency denervation of renal arteries in patients with AH refractory AH based on the initial first experience in with using this methodology in the Russian Federation. The interventions were carried out on December 14-15th, 2011 in the first five patients presenting with AH refractory to antihypertensive therapy consisting of three and more drugs in therapeutic doses, one of which was a diuretic. The selection criteria were systolic arterial pressure (SAP) ≥160 mm Hg or ≥150 mm Hg in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The obligatory conditions for selection were the preserved renal function [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥45 ml/min] and the absence of the secondary form of AH. The procedure of denervation was performed in the conditions of roentgen-operating room using special Medtronic Ardian Simplicity Catheter System™. In all cases we managed to perform bilateral denervation of renal arteries with the radiofrequency effect in not less than 4 zones of each of vessels. Efficacy of each of the effect was registered with due regard for reaching certain temperature and values of impedance. The interventions were not accompanied by the development of any complications either in the area of manipulations or the site of puncture. Neither were there any complications from the side of the cardiovascular or excretory systems of the body. Diurnal monitoring of AP (DMAP) registered a significant decrease in SAP averagely from 174±12 to 145±10 mm Hg three days after the intervention. A persistent antihypertensive effect was confirmed by the DMAP findings one month after denervation - the SAP level averagely amounted to 131±6 mm Hg. Endovascular radiofrequency denervation of renal arteries is a safe and efficient method of treatment of AH resistant to multicomponent antihypertensive therapy.

The goal of the investigation was to study the changes of scleral matrix collagen in progressing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In scleral samples of 16 patients aged 52-81 years with different stages of POAG amino acid composition, collagen content and cross-linking ratio characterizing tissue rigidity were estimated. Collagen I was found to be the dominant type in sclera of glaucomatous and normal eyes, though as POAG progressing the content and cross-linking increase, that underlies the scleral rigidity increase and permeability decrease. Similar ratio of collagen cross-linking with age and glaucoma progression give evidence of specific pathologic changes of the dominant matrix component, that may be one of significant pathogenic factor of POAG.

A new Nd-loaded liquid organic scintillator based on pseudocumene (PC) solvent was developed for the experiment aimed at searching for 0νββ decay of a 150Nd nucleus. The optical characteristics of the scintillator were measured for several Nd concentrations. The measurements taken using two modules 1 and 2 m in length have made it possible to determine the effective attenuation length of the PC scintillator containing Nd (6.5 g/L). It was demonstrated that the scintillator characteristics remained unaltered over 1 year. The content of radioactive contaminants was analyzed, and the sensitivity of the experiment to effective Majorana neutrino mass 〈m ν〉 ∼ 0.05–0.10 eV was estimated for a detector containing a 12-ton scintillator.

Transglutaminasc (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13, TG) catalyzes reactions of the acyl transfer, which introduce the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds between proteins to create polymers of high mol. mass. Properties of the TG enzyme are described. Its structure is considered: there are characterized items of the TG life cycle and stability, its biological (physiological) role, and significance in pathology and medicine as well as obtaining of the purified enzyme preparations and their use. There are compared TG from different sources: of animal and microbial origin. Mechanism of catalysis of microbial TG is discussed. There are presented characteristics of isoenzymes from different biological sources.

Idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension (IPH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure, increased total pulmonary vascular resistance, frequently a malignant course with evolving right ventricular decompensation, and a fatal outcome. The diagnosis of IPH is established on the increments in the mean resting and exercise pulmonary artery trunk pressure by more than 25 and more than 30 mm Hg at rest and during exercise, respectively, with a normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) are one of the effective classes of drugs for the treatment of patients with IPH. Bosentan is the first drug from the ERA class that blocks the receptors of both types and that has been recommended by the WHO to treat patients with functional class II-IV pulmonary hypertension. The described case demonstrates the possibility of concomitantly using bosentan in a female patient with IPH shortly after ineffective treatment with a calcium antagonist.

Purpose To study ocular rigidity and sclera crosslinking level at diferent stages of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Biomechanical parameters of the eye especially corneal hysteresis (CH, mm Hg) were measured in 238 patients (311 eyes) aged 40-84 (median age 67.4 yrs) at various stages of compensated primary open-angle glaucoma using Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Besides, scleral samples obtained during sinus trabeculectomy combined with sclera trephination in the inferio-exterior quadrant of 28 patients (28 eyes) with various stages of POAG were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (Mettler TA 4000 with DSC20 cell). Results Average value (median) of CH gradually decreased from 10.1 mm Hg in the initial glaucoma stage (I) to 9.1 mm Hg in the developed (II) and 8.6 mm Hg in the advanced (III) glaucoma stage. The decrease of this clinical parameter is caused by structural and biochemical damage of the corneoscleral coat. In stage I, endothermic scleral collagen transition occurred at the median thermal peak Tm=60.3 grad.C, while in stages II and III the median peaks of scleral collagen melting emerge at higher temperatures: Tm=62.0 grad.C and Tm=64.5 grad.C, respectively (p

The paper examines necessary and sufficient conditions of dynamic stability of solutions in cooperative games without side payments. A technique for regularizing dynamically unstable solutions of such games is proposed.

The paper deals with the timely detection and treatment of a menacing complication during endovascular interventions, such as coronary arterial perforation. It describes the causes of perforations, their classification, and an algorithm of actions to eliminate this complication. A clinical example demonstrates the sequence of operations for the detection and correction of coronary arterial perforation.

The paper aims at the evaluation of prospects for using glyceraldehyde as a cross-linking agent for the scleral tissue. Stability parameters (denaturation temperature, Young's modulus, ultimate tensile stress, proteolytic resistance) and analytical parameter (fluorescence intensity) were determined during the glycation process of isolated rabbit sclera. The analysis of fluorescence spectral characteristic provided information about some glycation products. The glyceraldehyde treatment was resulted in a significant increase in thermal stability, proteolytic resistance and improvement of biomechanical characteristics (Young's modulus, ultimate tensile stress). Unique properties of the reaction between scleral collagen and glyceraldehyde are observed at short cross-linking times. The appearance of intermediate collagen fraction with lowest thermal and proteolytic stability was detected.

To ascertain long-term prognosis after endovascular treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH).The trial enrolled 87 IHD patients (mean age 54 +/- 8 years) who have undergone successful transluminal balloon coronary angioplasty (TBCA) or stenting. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of IHD patients with mild or moderate AH, group 2--of IHD patients without AH. The repeat examination was made 1-72 months (34 +/- 12) after TBCA, control coronarography was performed in 42 (48%) patients.The groups did not differ much by clinical and angiographic characteristics. Within 72 months the number of unfavourable clinical outcomes (UCO) in group 1 was significantly higher (68 and 19%, respectively; p = 0.02) as well as frequency of repeated TBCA (43 and 19%, respectively, p = 0.03). In both groups TBCA were repeated more frequently because of restenosis than of fresh lesions (91 and 33%, p0.0001; 70 and 20%, p = 0.04, respectively). The probability of no need in repeated TBCA was significantly less in group 1 than group 2 (41 and 72%, respectively; p = 0.007), the probability regressing more actively within 8 months after the intervention.Total incidence of UCO seventy two months after the endovascular treatment was higher in AH patients primarily due to repeated TBCA. Most of TBCAs were conducted within 8 months after the intervention for restenosis.

An association of arterial hypertension (AH) and late angiographic outcomes of endovascular interventions was studied in coronary heart disease. Forty two patients with or without AH underwent repeated coronary angiography within 2 months after the procedure. The total number of restenoses was found to be significantly greater in patients with AH than in those without it. The diameter of restenoses was significantly smaller (70.2 +/- 24.7 vs 48.2 +/- 29.2%) and their area is significantly larger (82.6 +/- 19.6 vs 66.9 +/- 28.8). Absence probability of restenosis was significantly smaller in patients with AH (7 vs 27%); at the same time there was the greatest reduction in this probability in the first 8 months following the intervention.

In this work we report the performances and the chemical and physical properties of a 2 1:2 ton organic liquid scintillator target doped with Gd up to 0:1%, and the results of a 2 year long stability survey. In particular we have monitored the amount of both Gd and primary uor actually in solution, the optical and uorescent properties of the Gd-doped liquid scintillator (GdLS) and its performances as a neutron detector, namely neutron capture eciency and average capture time. The experimental survey is ongoing, the target being continuously monitored. After two years from the doping time the performances of the Gd-doped liquid scintillator do not show any hint of degradation and instability; this conclusion comes both from the laboratory measurements and from the in-tank measurements. This is the largest stable Gd-doped organic liquid scintillator target ever produced and continuously operated for a long period.

The 150Nd is considered one of the most attractive candidate for searching neutrinoless double beta (0νββ-) decay, thanks to its high Q-value (3.367 MeV), that makes the external background issue less significative respect to other isotopes, and favorable computed matrix elements. The isotopic abundance of this isotope in natural neodimium is only 5.6% and up to now, it has been investigated only in low mass experiments. The next step is to increase the sensitivity of the experiments using larger mass of neodymium (10 ton-1 kton). This could be possible with a Nd loaded liquid scintillator (LS). At the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), a joint INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) and INR (Institute for Nuclear Research of Moscow) working group has been carrying out since 2001 an R&D activity aiming to develop organic liquid scintillators (LS) doped with metals. The achieved know-how and the satisfactory results obtained both with In and Gd allowed to face the development and production of Nd doped LS. The development of metal doped LS is challenging because the metal has to be embedded in a proper organic system that makes it soluble in an organic solvent minimizing the impact of the metal-organic compound on the optical and scintillation properties of the LS. A further challenge in the case of Nd is the presence of absorption bands of this element in the optical region with a transparent region around 400 nm, which is about at the maximum of the scintillator emission spectrum. A 2.5 1 Nd loaded LS has been produced diluting an originally developed Nd-Carboxylic (Nd-CBX) salt in pseudocumene (PC), the solvent of the Borexino liquid scintillator. The measured light yield, at [Nd] = 6.5 g/1 and [PPO] = 1.5 g/1, is ~ 75% of pure PC at the same fluor concentration (~ 10000 ph/MeV). The Nd doped LS has been tested in a 2 1 quartz cell (wrapped by VM2000 reflector film) having dimensions 5x5x100 cm3. The light propagates in the cell by total internal reflection at the external quartz/air interface and is reflected by the VM2000 foil. The light is trasmitted at the windows of the cell where 3-inch PMTs (one for each end) are coupled. Two fillings have been performed: distilled PC (PPO-1.5 g/1) and Nd loaded LS (Nd-6.5 g/1, PPO-1.5 g/1, MSB-30 mg/1). In both cases, the cell is irradiated with a 137Cs source, scanning different positions along the cell axis. For each position the Compton Edge (CE) in the spectrum has been fitted. The optical attenuation length measured with this methodic is: 210±10 cm (only stat error, systematics not yet investigated). The measurements performed by ICP-MS of the radiopurity of the Nd2O3, that is the compound from which the Nd-CBX salt is synthesized, and of the content of optically active impurities show that a purification procedure is needed. Further investigations, at the ppt level, on the Th content in Nd2O3 is planned with the Borexino CTF.

Experiments are described on the determination of the spontaneous fission probability for the isotopes of elements 103, 105 and 107 produced by bombarding Tl, Pb and Bi targets with 50Ti, 51V, 54Cr, 55Mn and 58Fe ions. The upper limit of the spontaneous fission probability is established to be 2% for the isotopes 252, 253103. A new isotope of element 105 with mass number 257(T12 = 5 s) has been produced. In bombardment of 209Bi with 54Cr ions a new spontaneous fission activity with T12 ≈ 1–2 ms has been observed. The experimental data permit identification of this activity as the isotope of the new element 107 with mass number 261, which mainly undergoes α-decay (≈ 80%) resulting in the formation of the isotope 257105. The values of the partial α-decay and spontaneous fission half-lives of the isotopes 257105 and 261107 are compared with the systematics of the properties of transfermium nuclei.

Studies were performed on the basis of correlation tables constructed according to time-comparable data on the physicochemical parameters of feed and reformate quality in normal operation of an L-35-6 type catalytic reformer (on AP-56 catalyst). The statistical characteristics of the process parameters and the feed and reformate quality are presented. From the relationships that have been obtained, it has been possible to change over to quantitative control of benzene and toluene output in the L-35-6 unit according to an algoritmic scheme.

The electrical sensitivity of thermocouple-type and thermoresistor-type thermotransducers with metallic measuring elements depends on their geometry. The sensitivity can be improved considerably by reducing the cross-section area of the measuring elements as, for example, in the thin-film design [5].

Redundant afferentation from reflexogenic zones of the lung and skeletal muscles alters effects of electric stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation and posterior hypothalamic nucleus in the cat due to readjustment of the cortico--subcortical interrelationships and to an increase in the excitability of the brain structures. The data suggest that the functional activity of the vasomotor center depends on the character of afferentation from different reflexogenic zones.