Search

The economic relationship between the United States and Japan has undergone significant changes recently, causing changes and repercussion beyond international economics, including U.S. military budgeting. The U.S. Navy's present system of budgeting for overseas activities assumes stable exchange rates. Fluctuating exchange rates are now basic to the operation of the International Financial System. It is proposed that budgeting be done using a target rate, with fluctuations above and below that rate going into general Treasury receipts or supplemented by a specific appropriation, as the case may be. Otherwise, local overseas commanders have budgets nearly totally dependent upon exchange rates, which can convert the original intent of the granted budget when the dollar's value varies in either direction. This problem is particularly acute in Japan when the dollar's value has changed drastically and often, and where the Navy has a significant presence. (Author)

This thesis constitutes a tutorial study on the theory of arithmetic codes. Both non-separate and separate codes are discussed. Cyclic AN codes are presented and their analogy with cyclic parity check error correcting codes is emphasized. Also, a brief discussion of the implementation problem is carried out.

The restoration of images and the enhancement and detection of targets in cluttered background are the subjects of this research. The statistical approach is used in order to exploit temporal as well as spatial image redundancies. The images are modeled as a homogeneous random field. An autocorrelation function and a method of parameter identification are proposed. Experiments with several pictures are presented to validate the model. An analysis of two-dimensional recursive filters is presented. A three-dimensional recursive filter is developed which exploits the spatial as weell as the temporal image redundancies. A class of hybrid filters is proposed which improves the performance of the recursive filters. Several experiments with pictures are presented to show the ability of the hybrid filters in picture restoration.

This thesis contains a study of the interannual and intraannual tropical atmospheric circulations for the Northern Hemisphere summer seasons of 1974, 1975 and 1976 using satellite observations of infrared radiation and albedo in conjunction with parameters available from conventional 200 mb data. The 200 mb flow regimes are contrasted for the three seasons and power spectra and cross-spectral analysis are used to find significant correlations between the parameters from time series generated within a given area and between the areas. These areas were picked for each parameter to represent regions of maximum time-averaged values. The anomalously warm sea surface temperatures in 1976 (Bepristis, 1977) occurred in conjunction with major circulation changes paralleling Bjerknes' (1969) hypothesis and the differences in flow regimes between a normal and dry monsoon season are in general agreement with Kanamitsu and Krishnamurti (1978). Significant correlations were found to exist between parameters within the eastern Pacific and western Pacific and also between these two regions. Particularly strong correlations involved the sq u, sq v and IR parameters. (Author)

Without a data base, unit commanders and training managers in the U. S. Army are left to plan their training based on what they perceive as their unit's weaknesses while analysis agencies are helpless to assist in providing meaningful direction to training efforts. With a data base drawn from ARTEP or SQT type evaluations, analysis agencies could model both the hardware parameters associated with equipment and the human parameters associated with unit or individual performance. The purpose of this study is to explore what data should be collected during Army training exercises in order to facilitate analysis through combat models. More specifically, this thesis will examine a Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad in the Active Defense and recommend measures of performance which are representative of the various functional areas which make up the Active Defense. Data representative of these measures of performance could then theoretically be used to accomplish analysis of training alternatives as previously discussed.

This work offers the major hypothesis that political stability is directly related to economic stability in Greece and then investigates whether Greece's accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) will provide the economic prerequisites necessary for equilibrium. The study traces Greek economics development through the prejunta period of Karamanlis influence, the seven years of dictatorship by the Colonels and the New Democracy period from July 1974 on. It investigates the existing relationships between Greece and the EEC by the EEC by discussing their historical ties and the advantages, disadvantages and political implications of accession. Finally, it analyzes several factors crucial to Greece's economic welfare by determining each factor's movement, by weighting each factor with respect to economic development and EEC accession and by comparing the weighted results. The work suggests from the results of this comparison that accession to the EEC will enhance Greece's economic stability.

The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the Queuing Graphical Evaluation Review Technique (Q-GERT) can accurately model tactical military communications in a manner which can be used and understood by managers who have little computer expertise. Q-GERT is a FORTRAN-based analysis package which models networks consisting of events (nodes) and activities (arcs). The communications for a mechanized brigade covering force is easily modeled using Q-GERT symbolism and user written FORTRAN inserts; however, a manager must be proficient in FORTRAN and have access to the 1000 node/1000 arc Q-GERT package to accurately implement this model. The conclusion of this thesis is that Q-GERT is a flexible modeling technique which should prove to be a valuable managerial tool for the military manager when the larger Q-GERT package is used. (Author)

This report considers a number of the principal variables worthy of inclusion in any attempt to apply color coding to CRT display design. (Author)

Digital encoding of speech to allow more efficient transmission at low data rates involves the decomposition of the speech waveform into various parameters which are related to the physical structure of the speech production process. In this thesis, linear predictive coding is used to produce a set of coefficients for the characteristic polynomial of sucessive 25 msec. segments of the voice tract, in the z-domain. The location of the poles in the z-plane and the excitation pitch period are then shifted and the signal reformulated to cause changes of the overall frequency characteristics of the speech waveforms, while maintaining the perceived sounds and information content. The resulting audio tapes confirm the theory and conjectures of the thesis. (Author)

SEAGUARD is an event store computer simulation of the antiship missile defense of a naval task force using surface to air and air to air missiles. It simulates the interaction between the antiship missiles and the defensive missiles of a task force at sea in a non-jamming environment. Using SEAGUARD, the military analyst can measure the relative effectiveness of alternative defensive dispositions or alternative forces. SEAGUARD was designed to be general in order to facilitate the analysis and avoid the use of a large or extremely detailed data base. (Author)

Definitions, concepts, the rules for investment decision, and the method to compute the rate of return and the social discount rate are presented. By taking the historical data in industrial, services and agriculture sector in Iran the rate of return as an indicator of the social discount rate is computed. Then the role of the social discount rate in resource allocation and its role in economic growth and public sector investment are presented. (Author)

A method of measuring atmospheric extinction of radiation along a 13.3 kilometer path in the marine boundary layer has been devised and demonstrated. The design allows for selective measurement of extinction from the visible to the far infrared wavelengths. Two greybody sources, one covering the visible and near infrared and the other covering all bands out to the far infrared were each mounted on reflecting telescopes which were used to project the radiation. A reflecting telescope with selectable detectors was employed as the receiver. Two feasibility trials were conducted and the equipment was successfully calibrated. (Author)

In recent years government agencies have become increasingly reliant on the use of automatic data processing equipment for accomplishing their daily tasks. Without this equipment most agencies, including the Navy, would not be able to function. As spending on automatic data processing equipment escalated at rapid rates, various rules and regulations were published by agencies in an attempt to ensure the effective management of this equipment. These rules often conflict with each other and often hinder activities trying to accomplish their missions. This thesis will examine these rules and their affect on the Navy's automatic data processing equipment acquisition system. An attempt will be made to determine changes which the Navy can make to improve the system and make it more responsive to the user's needs. The study will focus on both the approval and the contracting portions of the acquisition cycle. (Author)

The Army currently does not have a prescribed uniform methodology to determine the lease versus buy financing of items procured from private industry. Also, when lease versus buy decisions have to be made, the decision is often a separate one after the system has been chosen by a cost-benefit analysis. Discount rate, salvage value, tax rates, depreciation, and risk are all elements that directly affect the lease versus buy determination in both industry and government transactions. However, total agreement as to the application of these elements to the final decision is lacking within the Army. Based on the literature available, a lease versus buy methodology is determined. Also, it is shown how this method should be part of a one setp cost-benefit analysis instead of a two step method to be used by the Army when leasing is a viable financing alternative. (Author)

This thesis presents a deterministic simulation model for the dynamic selection of offensive tactical movement routes. The factors which influence route selection are identified, and the performance objectives that are to be optimized are defined. Alternative modeling concepts are investigated, and one method is selected for implementation. The organization, data structure, and computational aspects that were developed to implement this concept are explained. A FORTRAN program listing of the route selection model is presented. The test situations in which the model was exercised are documented, and the conclusions resulting from these tests are presented. Potential expansions and applications of this dynamic route selection model are also discussed. (Author)

This study was an attempt to identify those attributes characteristic of a suitable measure, suggest cost-performance relationships which are capable of being supported by the uniform chart of accounts, and test these relationships with data from the ten military sites selected to test the chart of accounts. Based upon the analysis, a recommendation as to the suitability of the relationships as a basis for comparisons was made. Finally, recommendations which may improve the utility of the uniform chart of accounts were also offered.

Despite the fact that the roll call voting patterns of legislators are being used more frequently in the political arena, the statistical methods employed by political scientists for analyzing roll calls (e.g., Guttman scaling, factor analysis) are not being used. The main reason is the failure to incorporate in a systematic manner the subjective estimates of the political organizations and individuals who must use the output of such analyses. This paper presents two methods, paired comparison and constant sum, which use judgmental data in assessing roll calls. Using a set of seven defense policy roll calls from the 1976 US Senate, the methods are described and compared using two sets of judges. (Author)

Past research by Harrison and Johnston on the stability of pipe flow yielded only tenuous results owing to errors in setup of the problem and in formulation of the complex axis boundary conditions. Recent advances in the formulation of these boundary conditions and application of generalized stability criteria allowed an accurate numerical solution to be made for angular wave number zero. The results show that flow for this case is characterized by certain instabilities that have not been previously identified in linearized studies of this type. A nonuniform computational mesh was developed which provided dramatic reductions in computational time on a limited basis. Two data reduction programs were also developed to process and display data generated by the main program. (Author)

Logistics functions within the military can be viewed as similar in operation to finished goods distribution within major manufacturing concerns. Based upon research conducted within the distribution departments of selected major manufacturing concerns, this thesis contains a predictive model created from an observed relationship between finished goods distribution and military logistics. Utilizing a descriptive format, this model is established through four major areas of comparison. First, financial aspects and cost-benefit analysis toward an economic utilization of all resources prevades the analogue. Second, material movement designs or processes are presented toward answering the question of how a manager can go into an organization with a critical eye at how better to perform his function. Third, the often under-emphasized area of human resources utilization also contributes significantly to the model's evolution. Fourth, concluding the analogue is a discussion of the interface of data processing, MIS, and evaluation aspects of the process. (Author)

The Naval Postgraduate School's Student Opinion Form data were subjected to study through the use of two cluster analysis techniques: (1) K-MEANS partitioning method and (2) Chernoff's FACES. Much developmental work was performed to tailor these methods to the special requirements of the data set. A thorough multivariate statistical review provided the basis for choosing optimality criteria and distance functions for use in the MIKCA (Multivariate Iterative K-MEANS Clustering Algorithm). Alterations were made to the computer code to allow the analysis to include the effect of class size on cluster membership. Use of the linear discriminant function aided in identifying variables for use in constructing features of the computer-drawn faces. This approach to the Chernoff's FACES technique shows promise but needs further development. A principal components analysis of the data showed it to be essentially one dimensional. Partitioning the data into four clusters shows that the scoring of the courses varies inversely with class size. (Author)

Department of Defense project managers are increasing the scope of their operations to include consideration of foreign defense articles in acquisition strategies. This action has been motivated primarily by NATO Rationalization, Standardization and Interoperability (RSI) requirements. This thesis addresses the problems, real and perceived, in implementing 'two-way street' transactions with allied nations. Members of U.S. Navy project offices were interviewed to determine the impact of NATO RSI policy on their operations. The questions asked revealed problems encountered and highlighted the pro/con biases of foreign acquisition. Private industry has been active in foreign purchasing for many years. A survey was utilized to identify private industry's experiences with foreign business practices, company biases and economic considerations. The thesis concludes with a comparison of private and DOD experiences and offers some recommendations to project managers involved with expansion into the foreign marketplace. (Author)2

This research effort analyzed selected ASBCA decisions on a case-by-case basis to determine if beneficial lessons could be drawn that would potentially improve the acquisition process. Using this research methodology many imperfections, in areas such as the consistency of acquisition of team member's conduct, communications, training, and policy interpretation were found in the acquisition process where corrective action could improve the system. Although the results of ASBCA decisions are widely publicized, from the cases analyzed it was difficult to determine where acquisition policy and interpretation were sensitive to the significant contributions made by these ASBCA decisions. Additional research is required, however this study concluded that an analysis of sustained ASBCA appeals could be a fruitful area improving the acquisition process. (Author)

A new monolithic LSI product has recently been developed for the telecommunications market. The device is a coding-decoding circuit called a codec that converts analog voice signals into digital bit streams and back to analog form. Its primary application is in telephone channel banks, where its low cost makes per channel coding and decoding of voice signals economically feasible. In this work such a codec set is used in conjunction with two hybrid filters as the main components of a single channel voice transmission system. The operation and the performance of this system are presented. (Author)

Political analysis must keep pace with rapidly changing, ever more complex international relations. This thesis suggests that a systematic study of the nuclear energy issue is one logical choice for comprehensive international political analysis. Nuclear power policies and debates are examined for their ability to reflect current international trends of conflict and cooperation. Nuclear-related events trigger responses over a wide range of issues, permitting an analyst to observe the various courses of national foreign policy in action. As one observes how nations interact in response to nuclear events, patterns are revealed, thus increasing one's knowledge of contemporary international relations. A paradigm is offered to systematize the analysis of nuclear-related events. A nuclear perspective is illustrated by examining worldwide trends on a global scale, European trends on a continental scale, and French foreign and domestic policies on a national scale. The nuclear power perspective serves as a valuable analytical tool with which to chart and interpret trends and events. (Author)

The effects of various geometrical boundary perturbations on finite-amplitude acoustical standing waves in a rectangular, rigid-walled cavity were investigated using non-linear theory. The standing waves that exist in an ideal cavity must be corrected when the boundaries are irregular. Three specific examples (stepped, linear and wedged perturbations) were worked out to demonstrate the corrections (in first order) near degeneracies for small perturbations. Those specific examples were compared to the experiments. The present theoretical model qualitatively predicts the effect of the perturbations on the behavior of the nonlinearly generated second harmonic. However, there are unexplained quantitative discrepancies between experiment and theory for a couple of cases. (Author)

The War Reserve System is designed to provide the Marine Corps with materiel support in the event it is committed to combat operations. An understanding of this system is essential not only for those who operate it, but also for those Marines who will be the recipient of its output. This thesis examines the War Reserve System in its four major phases of materiel requirements determination, attainment and storage of assets, asset withdrawal and distribution, and the replenishment of supplies in the combat objective area. Problem areas within the system are analyzed and recommendations made for alleviating them. (Author)

The application of Linear Programming (LP) models in the resource allocation process of organizations with workload partitioned in discrete projects was examined by developing two integer and one mixed-integer, large-scale LP models. These models have been implemented to seek optimal five-year project plans for Naval-Air-Test-Center (NATC), involving a workforce numbered in hundreds and a budget of millions of dollars. In allocating resources, the optimal solution is the solution which yields the 'best' value, or the most desirous return to the organization; this return can also be called the solution benefit. Solutions should also be feasible in terms of the limitations on the availability of the resources by location and by time. MODEL-1 and MODEL-2 use a static workforce distribution and MODEL-3 allows limited reallocation of personnel to improve the solution; when reallocation is ordered, both reduction in labor efficiency and a penalty in the project benefit are introduced by MODEL-3. All three models have been implemented successfully using real data from NATC.

Three models for positive-valued and discrete-valued stationary time series are discussed. All have the property that for a range of specified marginal distributions the time series have the same correlation structure as the usual linear, autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) model. The models differ in the range of marginal distributions which can be accommodated and in the simplicity and flexibility of each model. Specifically the EARMA-type processes can be extended from the exponential distribution to a rather narrow range of continuous distributions; the DARMA-type processes can be defined usefully for any discrete marginal distribution and are simple and flexible. Finally the marginally controlled semiMarkov generated process can be defined for any continuous or discrete positive-valued distribution and is therefore very flexible. However, the model suffers from some complexity and parametric obscurity. (Author), Presented at the INternational Symposium on Multivariate Analysis (5th).

In this thesis we study several computer implementations of the thinning algorithm, a new method for generating non-homogeneous Poisson processes. The method is valid for Poisson processes with any given intensity function. The basic thinning algorithm is modified to exploit several refinements which reduce computer execution time by approximately one-third. The basic and modified thinning programs are compared with the Poisson decomposition and gap-statistics algorithm, which is easily implemented for Poisson processes with intensity functions of the form exp(a sub 0 + a sub 1t + a sub 2 t-squared. The thinning programs are competitive in both execution time and computer memory requirements. One program implementation generates the events in a Poisson process one at a time; another program implements the algorithmic refinements which improve efficiency.

Digital modulation schemes and spread spectrum techniques are of major importance in modern communications. This thesis investigates a delta modulation/demodulation scheme and direct sequence spreading of the digital data. The clock rate is dithered to enhance the low probability of intercept advantage of spread spectrum. The circuitry incorporates small and medium scale integrated circuits. Experimental results are presented in some detail. Good quality voice and music were recovered using a fixed bit rate as low as 10 kbits/sec and a clock dither range of 40%. (Author)

This thesis investigates the extent and nature of Navy-Congressional interactions, using a comparison of Congressional expectations to what actually occurs as a means to determine a level of effectiveness for the organization discussed. Data was gathered by use of interviews with Congressional staff and executive department personnel. Among the conclusions reached is that the Navy organization designed to interact with Congress is effective in assessing and meeting Congressional expectations subject to certain external constraints. Factors seen as contributing to this overall effectiveness are the caliber of people staffing the organization investigated, and environmental considerations such as mounting Congressional concern over the trend in Soviet shipbuilding vis-a-vis that of the United States. With regard to Mission budgeting it was found that Congressional expectations in terms of format and content could be assumed identical to those of a small group centered on Senator Chiles. The overall level of Congressional interest in the requirement itself however, does not match that of this small group, as the Congress has historically relied uponn relied upon line-item, rather than a programmatic approach to budgeting. (Author)

The problem of diffraction of acoustic signals by rigid barriers is studied empirically. Backward and forward diffraction from a 90 degree wedge and a thin plate are analyzed. Attempts to measure the diffracted energy in the illuminated region over the apex of the barrier, where direct and reflected signals coexist with diffracted, are discussed. Factors influencing the choice of the barriers' physical dimensions and composition are listed, as are the problems surrounding the selection of an ideal sound source and receiver. Finally, the data are compared to the theory by Biot and Tolstoy (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v. 29, 1957) and found to be in good agreement with predictions. (Author)

This report describes the analytical method and numerical procedure for the calculation of the wave pressure distribution and resulting induced forces and moments acting on large displacement bodies in the sea. The added mass and damping coefficients for the structure oscillating in all six degrees of freedom is computed. Then, the hydrodynamic coefficients associated with both the wave/structure interaction and the oscillation of the structure are determined by use of a Green's function method using quadralateral elements of constant source strength which applies to large structures of rather general shape. The analysis is based on linear theory and viscous effects are neglected on the basis that the size of the structure is large in relation to the amplitude of the incident wave. Also, the equations of motion for a free-floating body are developed which yields the dynamic response of a floating body with linear mooring line forces. Finally, the computer program capable of carrying out the numerical calculations is outlined and the input/output is discussed in some detail. (Author)

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility and practicality of the dual chamber rocket concept. Cold flow studies were performed which utilized a telescoping booster cavity. The effects of booster cavity length, booster cavity shockdown pressure, booster/sustainer nozzle area ratio, and aft nozzle removal on thrust and the booster cavity pressure distribution were explored. (Author)

Upon the outbreak of hostilities, it is anticipated that deployed U. S. ships and those immediately ordered to sea will experience a period when support will only be available from onboard material from Combat Stores Ships and other Mobile Logistics Support Forces. To prepare for this possibility, a projected demand based material requirements is computed annually to support surface ships in a geographical area for a stipulated period. Currently, the Fleet Material Support Office, in determining the load list for Atlantic Fleet Combat Stores Ships, uses a model to calculate the depth of stock, by line item, within a selected range of items, to obtain a projected supply effectiveness goal for this stipulated period. This thesis presents an alternative method (marginal analysis model) of calculating this load list for the Combat Stores Ships and evaluates and compares the two models. (Author)

Laser-induced evaporation from a stainless steel surface was the laser-target damage mechanism which was studied. Infrared laser pulses with irradiances higher than 10 to the 9th power W/sq.cm. were produced by a Q-switched neodymium glass laser. Experiments were performed in a vacuum chamber evacuated to about 10 to the 9th power W/sq.cm. Torr. The mass of evaporated material, area of laser-drilled hole and depth of damaged hole were measured. Results showed that the mass of evaporated material was proportional to sq.rt. F where F is the laser flux in W/sq.cm. Surface damage phenomena were studied by metallographic methods using an optical microspace and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Evaporated materials were partially collected and analyzed separately with the SEM and Princeton Gamma Tech (PGT) 1000 x-ray analyzer.

A series of turning maneuvers was conducted with the instrumented XR-3 SES testcraft to determine the domain of differential drag experienced by the bow seal. Data is presented showing the difference in total drag experienced by the inboard and the outboard portions of the bow seal during turns at various testcraft velocities. A brief introduction to SES terminology and a summary description of the testcraft, its instrumentation and data reduction facilities are included. Results show a fluctuation of the differential drag forces experienced as testcraft velocity increases, especially at high rates of turn. (Author)

This study evaluates the economic opportunities in 1995 of SESs (surface effect ships) in the carrying of commercial cargo in U.S. commerce, both foreign and domestic. The principal index of SES economic opportunity is the number of SESs that could be employed in U.S. commerce at freight rates that would cover costs of operations, plus a reasonable return on the owner's equity. Four routes of differing lengths and trade conditions are studied; inter-Hawaiian Islands, New York to Puerto Rico, New York to Northwestern Europe, and San Francisco to Japan. Total to U. S. foreign trade is projected as well as trade on the two domestic routes studied. Commodities potentially attractable to SES services are analyzed, and a modal split model is developed to estimate the SES market penetration potential under various conditions in competition with containerships and air cargo. An operational concept for SESs is developed and their freight rates and service characteristics are estimated. (Author)

The elements of longitudinal and shear waves in solids are reviewed and applied to the propagation of sound in an I beam. Comparison with experimental data reveals that principle modes of vibration in an I beam excited under a number of different source placements seem to be dominated by the first flexural mode. A variety of source transducers were constructed for the efficient excitation of motion in the beams. (Author)

The purpose of this paper is to review the current policy estbalished by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) concerning the use of discounting in evaluating time-distributed costs and benefits of proposed public investments. Although a widely accepted concept in the private sector, the use of discounting in the public sector has been less clearly defined and a subject of considerable debate. The mechanics of discounting and the importance of the discount rate in investment decisions are discussed. A brief history of discounting in the public sector is presented including highlights of the Congressional Hearings in 1968 from which the current policy resulted. Several issues relating to the OMB policy such as the question of social versus economic goals, the effect of budget constraints, and the potential misapplication or misuse of the discounting methodology are addressed. Particular attention is given to the problem of inflation and its impact on the established rate. (Author)

In this thesis, the algorithms for an A-7E performance calculator were developed and then implemented on three small data processors of different programming levels and storage capabilities. The utility of data is a function of several variables including accuracy and availability. Nine performance chart groups, yielding the data usually considered necessary for flight, were reduced to a series of analytical expressions. These analytical expressions were demonstrated to reproduce NATOPS Manual data to a high degree of accuracy. Implementation was demonstrated on a deck computer, a hand held calculator and a microprocessor.

An expanded package of interactive FORTRAN computer programs has been developed for the analysis and forecasting of time series data. The package, called the Time Series Editor, is designed to employ the iterative Box-Jenkins methodology of time series analysis. The Time Series Editor was developed for time-shared use on the Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System (CP/CMS) at the U.S. Naval Post-graduate School, but can be modified for use on other time-sharing systems with a FORTRAN capability. The Time Series Editor assists in data preparation and entry, analysis, modeling, forecasting and diagnostic testing. Utilization of the package, following the included User's Guide, requires only a limited knowledge of the computer system, with all required user responses interactively prompted by the Editor. Appendix A, User's Guide, is available separately as AD-A064 877.

This thesis examines the judgements of experts as to the potential threat the development of parapsychology would play in the national security of the United States. In order to accomplish this, a questionnaire distributed to authors of articles on parapsychology was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In addition, a section is included on the history of Soviet studies in this field. Recommendations are made for areas requiring further investigation. (Author)

Binary sequences find increasing use in electrical engineering applications of ranging, time measurement and communications. A property of interest in these applications is the autocorrelation function of the binary sequence or pair of sequences. Of the 2 to the nth power possible sequences of length n, only a few have usable autocorrelation function, except for very particular cases. In this report, known properties of complementary sequences are reviewed. Almost complementary sequences are defined and the procedure to obtain them is outlined. A formula is derived for the number of different autocorrelation functions of the 2 to the nth power possible sequences of length n bits. A computer search is implemented with the objective of discovering sequences with desirable autocorrelation functions. (Author)

Shortest confidence intervals for the ration of two variances of normal populations are found as superior alternatives to the widely used equal tail confidence intervals. Extensive tables of high precision are presented which enable the user to easily construct shortest confidence intervals for the ratio of two variances, the ratio of two standard deviations and the shortest unbiased confidence interval for the ratio of two variances. Characteristics and improved performance of the alternative confidence intervals are discussed in detail and illustrated graphically, with an emphasis on the optimal distribution of complementary tail area between the upper and lower tails. (Author)

A selective review of the literature on advertising effectiveness revealed no generalizable results for setting advertising budget decisions. The primary problem is a lack of knowledge as to how advertising, as input, affects an output, such as sales. All Navy advertising expenditures for 1976 and 1977 were allocated to counties by month for 1976 and 1977 and supplemented with recruiting and environmental data to examine the relationship between advertising and enlistments. Total advertising expenditures were moderately related to total enlistments (R sq = .442), but this relationship was found to be the result of management planning and allocation of resources and goals. When advertising and enlistments were made rate variables, there was no linear relationship because the rate of advertising increased rapidly without a corresponding increase in enlistment rates. A fourth root transformation of advertising rates permitted application of a linear regression model where advertising was found to be the most significant predictor of enlistment rates. Recommendations are made for further studies and actions to evaluate and increase advertising effectiveness. (Author)

The United States Army in the past five years has begun a revolutionary change in its concept of training. The Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) is the realization of this change. The implementation of the ARTEP has not achieved optimal results. Training management decisions at division, brigade, and battalion levels must be identified and their ramifications understood; research has shown certain approaches more beneficial than others. The training/evaluation/control of external exercises using ARTEP has been identified as a universally deficient area. This study, through application of organizational and managerial principles, provides practical guidance to training decision makers from division down to company level. It also provides an improved system for the training/evaluation/control of the external exercise. (Author)

In recent years Turkey has exhibited a definite shift in her foreign policy away from her previously narrow Western orientation toward a new multilateral and more independent stance. Events surrounding and foreign reaction to the Cyprus crises of 1964 and 1974 stand out as being instrumental in initiating Turkey's search for a more balanced foreign policy. However, there were and are other very potent factors affecting this new orientation. This study represents an analysis of the determinants of Turkish foreign policy, especially since World War II. Changes and trends in turkey's political, social and economic life which impacted upon her foreign policy are examined within the context of changes within the international system. After identifying the determinants of Turkey's foreign policies, both past and present, various options for new directions in her foreign policy are examined. Finally, a forecast for the future of Turkey's international relations and policies is offered. (Author)

For many years the Navy industrially funded (NIF) Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT/E) activities have been forced to utilize appropriated funds as the primary resource for replacement of general purpose equipment. In recent years, the budget review process has been such that these funds have been drastically reduced, creating a management problem for the activities. The equipment is becoming obsolete, and difficult as well as expensive to repair. There is a need to upgrade quality and capability, which in turn would result in lower costs to the customers of the NIF RDT/E activities. Recent trends indicate a growing acceptance, even pressure, to expand the authority of managers by allowing the capitalization of equipment. Statements by the General Accounting Office, the Defense Audit Agency and the OSD Assistant General Counsel indicate that capitalization of equipment is indeed a valuable management tool. The writer recommends that the Navy obtain authority to capitalize general purpose equipment at the NIF RDT/E activities, as a tool necessary for the accomplishment of their respective missions. (Author)

New technology was utilized to design and fabricate a self-filtering infrared detector (SFD) optimized for a specific target signature. The SFD was prepared from vacuum deposited, composition-tuned epitaxial films of the semiconductor alloy, PbS(x)Se(1-x). A filter and detector layer were both grown on opposite sides of a BaF2 substrate. The detector element was a p-n junction formed by depositing a Pb contact onto a p-type detector layer surrounded by a Au ohmic contact.