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Land-use regression models (LUR) estimate outdoor air pollution at high spatial resolution. Previous LURs have generally focused on individual cities. Here, we present an LUR for year-2006 ground-level NO2 concentrations throughout the contiguous United States. Our approach employs ground- and satellite-based NO2 measurements, and geographic characteristics such as population density, land-use (based on satellite data), and distance to major and minor roads. The results provide reliable estimates of ambient NO2 air pollution as measured by the U.S. EPA (R² = 0.78; bias = 22%) at a spatial resolution (30 m) that is capable of capturing within-urban and near-roadway gradients in NO2. We explore several aspects of temporal (time-of-day; day-of-week; season) and spatial (urban versus rural; U.S. region) variability in the model. Results are robust to spatial autocorrelation, to selection of an alternative input data set, and to minor perturbations in input data (using 90% of the data to predict the remaining 10%). The modeled population-weighted (unweighted) mean outdoor concentration in the United States is 10.7 (4.8) ppb. Our approach could be implemented in other areas of the world given sufficient road network and pollutant monitoring data. To facilitate future use and evaluation of the results, concentration estimates for the 8 million U.S. Census blocks in the contiguous United States are publicly available via the Supporting Information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This presentation by Eric Novotny discussed the results of a usability study conducted at the Pennsylvania Statc University Libraries. Novices and experienced searchers were recruited to discover how Net Generation library users search the online catalog. Findings of the investigation revealed that library users have been greatly impacted by Internet search behaviors. The session provided insights into how libraries can design user-centered online systems to meet the Web-savvy users' expectations, dot: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article acts as an introduction to digital collections that can be used to locate images relating to American history. A discussion of the use of search engines, image databases, subscription services, local online catalogs, and print indexes to images is presented. Technology has changed the way in which historians view and search for historical images from the past. Several features of search engines are compared. Summaries of databases that provide access to historical images are listed. Some institutions have shared their information in an effort to decentralize collections of historical images. Some strategies are suggested for locating images in print resources. Also included is contact information for visual organizations and discussion groups.

Focuses on the overview of chief methodologies available for conducting assessment of electronic services. Analysis of the ways electronic reference services being implemented and used; Criteria for evaluating reference services; Suggestion on the way reference services can be applied to online service environment.

This section provides information on bibliographies in history published in 2003 and 2004 which were considered outstanding by the Reference and User Services Association History Section Bibliography and Indexes Committee. The volume Black Populism in the United States: An Annotated Bibliography, by Anthony J. Adam and Gerald H. Gaither, describes resources documenting African Americans' participation in the populist movement. While the depth of treatment suggests a scholarly audience, the annotations help make the work accessible. The book The Pawnee Nation: An Annotated Research Bibliography, by Judith A. Boughter, is a comprehensive bibliography on the Pawnee, which cites monographs, theses, scholarly and popular journal articles, as well as government documents and other sources. Extensive annotations are included. There is also a list of archival collections. The book A Bibliography of the First World War in the Far East and Southeast Asia, by Justin Corfield, aims to fill in the gaps for an aspect of World War I which has to a large extent, been overlooked, or has taken second place to the action in Europe and the Middle East. Included are nearly fifteen hundred references to books, magazine and journal articles, newspaper reports, manuscripts, and unpublished theses and dissertations, including some materials in Western European and Asian languages, in addition to English.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including reconstructs the library use of the famous nineteenth-century philosopher; the social, political, and examines and business worlds inhabited.

Previous research distinguishing terrorist groups has employed categorical schemes that are (1) ideologically broad and ambiguous (e.g., right‐wing versus left‐wing) or (2) focused on single‐issues (e.g., guns, abortion). Broad schemes often fail to clearly distinguish groups' motivations, and single‐issue schemes provide no coherent theoretical structure for understanding terrorist behavior. To address these limitations, we applied the conceptual framework of moral foundations theory (MFT) to derive a content‐analytic scheme identifying universal instincts we term "moral motivations." We then applied this scheme to classify descriptions found in the Profiles of Perpetrators of Terrorism in the United States, an open‐sourced dataset providing information on terrorist organizations that committed violence on U.S. soil. Analyses examined how terrorist‐group activities are associated with specific moral motivations in order to distinguish dominant motives among different groups. Results showed that extremist right‐wing, religious, and ethno‐nationalist/separatist ideologies were associated with the binding motivations of loyalty, authority, and purity. Extremist left‐wing and single‐issue ideologies were associated with the individualizing motivations of care and fairness. These findings are discussed regarding the value of using MFT's motivations to distinguish terrorist groups and how describing their moral motivations might advance efforts to curtail their activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) estimates from the Fitbit Flex 2 were compared to those from the ActiGraph GT9X Link in 123 elementary school children. Steps and intensity-specific estimates of PA and 3-month PA change were calculated using two different ActiGraph cut-points (Evenson and Romanzini). Fitbit estimates were 35% higher for steps compared to the ActiGraph. Fitbit and ActiGraph intensity-specific estimates were closest for sedentary and light PA, while estimates of moderate and vigorous PA varied substantially depending upon the ActiGraph cut-points used. Spearman correlations between device estimates were higher for steps (rs =.70) than for moderate (rs =.54 to.55) or vigorous (rs =.29 to.48) PA. There was low concordance between devices in assessing PA changes over time. Agreement between Fitbit Flex 2 and ActiGraph estimates may depend upon the cut-points used to classify PA intensity. However, there is fair to good agreement between devices in ranking children's steps and MVPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]