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This study aimed to assess the function of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth performance, food intake and glucose homeostasis of Micropterus salmoides fed carbohydrate (CHO)-enriched diets. The intracerebroventricular glucose + GABA co-injected fish had higher cumulative food intake, and expression of orexigenic genes (ghrelin and neuropeptide y (npy)) in the brain than those of the single glucose-injected group. In the feeding trial, M. salmoides (10.35 ± 0.05 g) were fed four feeds containing a control feed (10 % CHO, C) and three GABA contents [0 (HC), 50 (HC-G1), and 100 (HC-G2) mg kg−1, respectively] of high-CHO feed (20 % CHO) for 12 weeks. High CHO prominently (P < 0.05) decreased WGR, SGR, FI, p-Ampk protein content, and expression of ghrelin, npy, fbpase, pparα, cpt1α and aco1 compared with the control group, but the opposite was true for plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, tissue glycogen and lipid contents, and expression of proopiomelanocortin, leptin a, gk, pk, gs, chrebp, srebp1, fas and acc1. HC-G2 diets prominently (P < 0.05) up-regulated WGR, SGR, FI, p-Ampk protein content, and expression of ghrelin, npy, gk, pk, chrebp, srebp1, fas and acc1 compared with the HC group. Also, HC-G2 diets increased glucose tolerance of M. salmoides fed high-CHO diets after glucose loading. Overall, GABA improved the growth performance, food intake and glucose homeostasis of high-CHO-fed fish by the increase of appetite, glycolysis, glycogenesis and lipolysis, as well as the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis.

We concentrate on low-cost thin film solar cells with the help of choline chloride acting as a pH adjuster because copper ternary material compounds and their alloys have become more and more lavish over the past 20 years. Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) is used to produce copper indium selenium (CuInSe2) thin films on glass substrates while a pH adjuster is present. The micro structural and elemental properties are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The optical studies of CuInSe2 thin films are done using a UV–Vis–NIR spectrometer. XRD and Raman spectra shows that the CIS thin films deposited in the sequence of Glass/In/Se/Cu2Se/Se (labeled as CISB) and annealed at 400 °C (CISB400) contains all the peaks corresponding to the chalcopyrite CuInSe2. From the EDS measurements it was noted that the selenium to metal ratio (Se/Cu + In) for all the samples changes with temperature. It is worth to note that the film thickness decreases with a decrease in the pH of choline chloride which results a change in the optical band gap of the films. The optical properties of these thin films are greatly influenced by adjusting pH and it gives better results for optoelectronic devices with a sustainable UV filter which absorbs more in ultraviolet vicinity. The energy gap (Eg) values of the CISB samples were determined and is found to be suitable for photovoltaic conversion process.

The objective of the present study was to examine the synthesized pure and Ce-doped NiO nanoparticles' photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the water pollutant dye Rhodamine B. Firstly these nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to evaluate the crystallite size and confirmed that synthesized nanoparticles had a single cubic phase. Additionally, various characterization such as UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller were done to evaluate band gap energy, functional group, phase identification, morphology, oxidation states of the elements and surface area of the synthesized nanoparticles. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B dye was found to be 85.99 % and 94.06 % for pure NiO and Ce-doped NiO nanoparticles respectively. The dielectric properties of said nanoparticles were analyzed, which make these nanoparticles will also be useful in optoelectronics.

Aluminium alloy is one of the widely used lightweight materials and is utilized in the production of a wide variety of components. The AA8026 properties enhancements through optimizing the synthesizing parameters through the Taguchi route is the aim of this investigation. Thereby establishing control over the stir casting process to alter the wear and microhardness of AA8026 aluminium alloy by hybrid reinforcement. There were 16 samples of AA8026 + Zr2O3/TiO2 composite prepared as per Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. The process parameters varied four levels such as stirring time from 15 min to 30 min, quantity of reinforcement from 3 wt% to 12 wt%, molten temperature from 750 °C to 900 °C, and stirring speed from 450 rpm to 600 rpm. The fabricated samples are investigated for microhardness and wear properties. From the analysis, it is inferred that stirring speed is highly influenced by wear and microhardness properties. The results exemplify that 0.086 mm3/m was minimum wear and 180.2 HV was maximum microhardness achieved.

Abstract Background Hypertension is one of the burning topics in today’s world. Natural product can open a new window in the treatment as they are lesser side effect compared to synthetic compounds. Paederia foetida a naturally occurring plant has proven its biological importance in many aspects. In this present study, the ethanolic extract of Paederia foetida has effectively proven its antihypertensive activity against Amphetamine-induced hypertension. Results The study was carried out for 4 weeks with five different groups where the groups receiving Paederia foetida (400 mg/kg) for 4 weeks result in decrease in blood pressure and was found helpful in maintaining the sodium and potassium balance in rat’s serum. Amphetamine induces decreasing sodium level that can be countered by Paederia foetida whole plant extract. Geniposide, an active ingredient present in this plant, is having antihypertensive activity, so it was docked against different PDB IDs (3OLL, 3OLS, 5DX3, 5DXE & 6PIT), to find its anti-hypertension effectiveness through computational chemistry. The docking investigations identified that estrogen receptor (PDB ID: 3OLS) exhibited the highest possibility to be the site of action. Docking score of Geniposide with 3OLS was -8.91 which is quit comparable with the internal ligand Estradiol. Conclusion To assess the binding affinity of Geniposide with the estrogen receptor, an additional molecular dynamics simulation was conducted. The result strongly suggests that Geniposide has the potential to function as an activator of estrogen receptor through of β-ligand binding. This key finding reveals that Geniposide may serve as a potential in the treatment of hypertension by modulating the activity of the estrogen receptor.

Abstract Background Purtscher or Purtscher-like retinopathy is diagnosed by retinal hemorrhages and areas of retinal whitening on fundus examination, as well as a reduction in visual acuity due to microvascular occlusion of the precapillary retinal arterioles. We describe novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of internal limiting membrane (ILM) separation and posterior hyperreflective dots in a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy in this report. Methods A 33-year-old man with acute pancreatitis and alcohol-induced liver disease presented to the retina department complaining of four days of painless vision loss in both eyes. Both eyes’ anterior segment examination and intraocular pressure were normal. Dilated fundus examination of both eyes revealed confluent areas of retinal whitening, hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots over the posterior pole, indicating Purtscher-like retinopathy. OCT scans through the macula revealed dense inner retinal reflectivity, thickening, and loss of retinal layer stratification, as well as outer retinal layer shadowing and islands of ILM separation, posterior vitreous hyperreflective dots, and minimal subfoveal fluid, all of which corresponded to areas of retinal whitening on fundus photographs. The patient was given a brief course of systemic steroids. Results On the tenth day after the presentation, visual acuity in the right eye had improved to 6/18 and finger counting at 1 m in the left eye. The retinal findings had faded. The retina had reverted to its normal thickness on the OCT scans, with minimal hyperreflectivity remaining. The ILM separation and posterior vitreous hyperreflective dots were no longer present. Conclusion Following Purtscher or Purtscher-like retinopathy, we believe inflammation could play a major role in the development of these two novel OCT findings. This case offers an additional perspective on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the retinal manifestations observed in Purtscher or Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Research on gold catalysis has flourished over the last 20 years, and gold catalysts are now acknowledged as the “best choice” for a range of organic transformations. Gold complexes have emerged as promising candidates for this use in recent years because of their high reactivity, which enables them to induce a broad range of transformations under mild conditions. Extensive demonstrations have showcased the extraordinary efficiency of synthesizing complex organic compounds from the basic starting components. In addition to its traditional applications in catalysis, gold catalysis has expanded to include the total synthesis of natural compounds, which is a complex and demanding undertaking. The class of molecules known as carbo- and heterocycles, which is arguably the most important, has a significant impact on the synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals among the numerous additional products made possible by the novel procedures pioneered. The main topic of this review is how to use Au salts in homogeneous catalysis to create cyclization processes for small heterocyclic and carbocyclic systems. This study gives an overview of most of the books and articles written after 2013 that discuss making three- and four-membered carbo- and heterocyclic rings with gold as a catalyst. We have made every effort to include all outstanding reports on this subject; nonetheless, we apologize for any omissions.

Abstract Purpose To study the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in developing diabetic macular edema (DME) management recommendations by creating and comparing responses to clinicians in hypothetical AI-generated case scenarios. The study also examined whether its joint recommendations followed national DME management guidelines. Methods The AI hypothetically generated 50 ocular case scenarios from 25 patients using keywords like age, gender, type, duration and control of diabetes, visual acuity, lens status, retinopathy stage, coexisting ocular and systemic co-morbidities, and DME-related retinal imaging findings. For DME and ocular co-morbidity management, we calculated inter-rater agreements (kappa analysis) separately for clinician responses, AI-platforms, and the “majority clinician response” (the maximum number of identical clinician responses) and “majority AI-platform” (the maximum number of identical AI responses). Treatment recommendations for various situations were compared to the Indian national guidelines. Results For DME management, clinicians (ĸ=0.6), AI platforms (ĸ=0.58), and the ‘majority clinician response’ and ‘majority AI response’ (ĸ=0.69) had moderate to substantial inter-rate agreement. The study showed fair to substantial agreement for ocular co-morbidity management between clinicians (ĸ=0.8), AI platforms (ĸ=0.36), and the ‘majority clinician response’ and ‘majority AI response’ (ĸ=0.49). Many of the current study’s recommendations and national clinical guidelines agreed and disagreed. When treating center-involving DME with very good visual acuity, lattice degeneration, renal disease, anaemia, and a recent history of cardiovascular disease, there were clear disagreements. Conclusion For the first time, this study recommends DME management using large language model-based generative AI. The study’s findings could guide in revising the global DME management guidelines.

This research investigated the effects of mosambi peel extract (MPE) on the stability of protein and textural characteristics of silver carp surimi during frozen storage at −20 °C. The findings revealed that surimi fortified with 0.75 % MPE displayed upgraded protein solubility (PS), water holding capacity (WHC), Ca2+-ATPase activity, and sulfhydryl (SH) content. It also exhibited reduced levels of total carbonyls and surface hydrophobicity, along with higher overall acceptability compared to surimi treated with synthetic cryoprotectants (control) throughout storage. Additionally, MPE slowed down the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and protein degradation index (PI), as evidenced by SDS-PAGE showing higher intensities of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin over the storage period. Moreover, the incorporation of MPE effectively mitigated lipid oxidation as peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were lesser than control. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks specified that the relative content of α-helix and β-sheet structures remained more stable in the MPE-treated group compared to the control, along with the improved gel and textural properties of surimi. Hence, this study suggests that 0.75 % MPE could serve as a natural alternative to synthetic cryoprotectants, ensuring the oxidative stability of silver carp surimi during frozen storage while enriching it with beneficial bioactive compounds.

The Biginelli reaction synthesizes dihydropyrimidones through a multi-component reaction. A β-ketoester, aldehyde, and urea or thiourea react in the presence of an acid catalyst to form these dihydropyrimidones. 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-One/Chromone/Triazole hybrids (9a-9l) were synthesized by multiple steps including one pot Biginelli multicomponent reaction depicted in the scheme. An efficient method for the Biginelli reaction of Chromone aldehyde, acetoacetate esters, and urea employed in the presence of ferric chloride is described. In the end, we have successfully synthesized twelve derivatives of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-One/Chromone/Triazole hybrids and subjected them to testing for Antibacterial activity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Among these derivatives, compound 9g (IC50 = 142.92 nmol) and 9e (144.49 nmol) exhibited significant inhibitory activity in comparison to the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 350.91 nmol). Compound 9g demonstrated the most significant suppression against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, with zone diameters of 8.8 ± 1.35 mm and 9.1 ± 0.23 mm, respectively. Compound 9b displayed a clear area where bacterial growth was inhibited, measuring 7.5 ± 1.25 mm against Klebsiella pneumonia. Compound 9k exhibited a zone of inhibition measuring 8 ± 1.2 mm in radius against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The docking results for the synthesized compounds indicate that compound 9b exhibited the most favorable docking score of −10 kcal/mol, whereas compound 9a had the second-best docking score of −8.7 kcal/mol. Molecular docking was utilized to examine the interactions between the title compounds and α-glucosidase, in order to provide valuable insights. The data obtained revealed significant interactions that contribute to the inhibitory effects of the drugs against α-glucosidase. These compounds exhibit significant potential as attractive initial candidates for the development of new α-glucosidase inhibitors.