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Television crime series are immensely popular all around the world. The appeal of these shows is not limited to specific age clusters; relatively, all television viewers appreciate them. Hundreds of TV networks broadcast these crime dramas in Pakistan, just as they do in other countries. In addition, only a few networks broadcast crime shows during prime time, proving the genre's popularity. Crime shows are watched by a large number of people on a regular basis, which may lead to harmful and unfavorable behavioural outcomes. This research gives an overview on "media as a risk factor" in development of children. To identify and explain the topic at hand, previous scientific literature was sifted through. The literature study serves as a springboard for further investigation into the effects of TV crime shows and potential behavioural consequences which can be negative as well as positive.

Energy and the environment are among the top global issues of this era. Environmental degradation specifically due to consumption of fossil fuels in conventional energy generation systems has become a critical challenge for the whole world. With the introduction of advance industrial processes and operations, the air quality deterioration has also become very complex. There is a dire need to replace the conventional energy systems with alternative energy resources for reducing air pollutants. Renewable energy systems generate clean energy with less environmental footprints. This chapter will highlight the latest trends and future strategies in clean and renewable energy supply systems to mitigate air pollution for environmental sustainability.

Automation in the modern world has become a necessity for humans. Intelligent mobile robots have become necessary to perform various complex tasks in healthcare and industry environments. Mobile robots have gained attention during the pandemic; human–robot interaction has become vibrant. However, there are many challenges in obtaining human–robot interactions regarding maneuverability, controllability, stability, drive layout and autonomy. In this paper, we proposed a stability and control design for a telepresence robot called auto-MERLIN. The proposed design simulated and experimentally verified self-localization and maneuverability in a hazardous environment. A model from Rieckert and Schunck was initially considered to design the control system parameters. The system identification approach was then used to derive the mathematical relationship between the manipulated variable of robot orientation control. The theoretical model of the robot mechanics and associated control were developed. A design model was successfully implemented, analyzed mathematically, used to build the hardware and tested experimentally. Each level takes on excellent tasks for the development of auto-MERLIN. A higher level always uses the services of lower levels to carry out its functions. The proposed approach is comparatively simple, less expensive and easily deployable compared to previous methods. The experimental results showed that the robot is functionally complete in all aspects. A test drive was performed over a given path to evaluate the hardware, and the results were presented. Simulation and experimental results showed that the target path is maintained quite well.

Background: Adolescence is the most crucial period with uplifted energy need that demands an intense nutritive care for fulfillment of complete good wellbeing in the upcoming life course and evaluation of the nutrient inadequacy as a part of their daily routine tells about diet quality which is an essential element at every stages of a human life. Aim: To assess the energy insufficiency of adolescents in low and high socioeconomic status as it has high significance in the growing stages because it affects both the physiological and psychological aspects of overall well-being. Method: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. The research was conducted on 410 adolescent girls and boys with age ranging from 10 to 14 years of Lahore from public and private sector schools selected through lottery method that basically reflects low and high socioeconomic background effects with detailed energy intake analysis and association of nutritional status to the total energy consumed per day of these groups. The data was collected on the basis of a questionnaire consisting of demographics and 24-hr recall calculated by taking an average of the last 3 days’ food intake. Results: The results revealed that adolescent groups belonging to high socioeconomic class were more in the normal health status, had less energy insufficient values and better food quality than adolescents from low socio economic class. Practical implication: The study will provide light to do in depth research should be conducted in the community in innovative ways for the better understanding of nutritional health related problems and its solutions for the children as well as adolescents as the new generation are the future of our beloved country. Conclusion: The result shows that as socioeconomic status tends to get better, diet quality improves and encourages a healthy lifestyle as compared to those living in improvised conditions. Keywords: Adolescence, Nutrient Inadequacy Energy Insufficient, 24-Hr Recall

The aggregation of Aβ42 is established as a key factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consequently, molecules that inhibit aggregation of peptide may lead to therapies to prevent or control AD. Several studies suggest that oligomeric intermediates present during aggregation may be more cytotoxic than fibrils themselves. In this work, we examine the inhibitory activity of an antibiotic MXF on aggregation (fibrils and oligomers) and disaggregation of Aβ42 using various biophysical and microscopic studies. Computational analysis was done to offer mechanistic insight. The amyloid formation of Aβ42 is suppressed by MXF, as demonstrated by the decrease in both the corresponding ThT fluorescence intensity and other biophysical techniques. The lag phase of amyloid formation doubled from 4.53 to 9.66 h in the presence of MXF. The addition of MXF at the completion of the fibrillation reaction, as monitored by ThT, led to a rapid, concentration dependent, exponential decrease in fluorescence signal that was consistent with loss of fibrils. We used TEM to directly demonstrate that MXF caused fibrils to disassemble. Our docking results show that MXF binds to both monomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ42 with significant affinities. We also observed breaking of fibrils in the presence of MXF through molecular dynamics simulation. These findings suggest that antibiotic MXF could be a promising lead compound with dual role as fibril/oligomer inhibitor and disaggregase for further development as potential repurposed therapeutic against AD.

Background: Pregnancy is a well-known risk factor for urinary incontinence (UI), which occurs because of pregnancy-induced physiological and anatomical changes that can result in weak pelvic floor muscles. Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary incontinence among pregnant women. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 pregnant women, aged between 18 to 45 years, following antenatal care at the Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital Islamabad between July 2021 and October 2021. Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale (RUIS) was used as outcome measure. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Out of 300 the pregnant women, 64.7% had urinary incontinence and only 35.3% did not have urinary incontinence. The frequency of urinary incontinence in first, second and third trimester was 4%, 20% and 76%, respectively. In primigravida and multigravida, the frequency of urinary incontinence was 38% and 62%, respectively. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence is more common in third trimester, especially multigravida women aged between 25-31 years.

Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infection and its common pathogens with antibiotic sensitivity among renal transplant recipients. Materials and methods: This Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD) Hayatabad, Peshawar from January 2008 to December 2012. The cross section included 74 live related renal transplant recipients. Each renal transplant recipient was followed up for 3mpnths for developing urinary tract infection. Results: A total of 74 patients were followed after renal transplant. Among them 12 (16.22%) were females and 62 (83.78%) were males respectively. They were all live related renal transplant. UTI developed in 27/74 (36.48%) patients at first 3 months after transplantation (60 ± 15 days). Female patients were more susceptible to UTI than male patients (5 female 41.66%; 22 male 35.48%). On univariate analysis, older age (p?=?0.015), female gender (p?

Objective: To establish the accuracy of computed tomography(CT) chest in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia by taking reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) as a reference standard and to analyze discordant CT chest and RT-PCR results.Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients presented to a tertiary health care hospital in Punjab, Pakistan for CT examination with suspicion of COVID-19 from April 1, to June 30, 2020. Each CT chest was categorized as positive/negative for COVID-19 pneumonia and the results were compared with the RT-PCR test. Discordant CT chest and PCR results were also investigated.Results: The study population had a mean age of 48 years ± 6.6 years with 54.5% males and 45.4% females. Sensitivity(Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of CT in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia taking RT- PCR as the gold standard was 92.5%, 46.6%%, 82.2%, 70%, and 80% respectively. Conclusion: CT chest has high sensitivity but modest specificity in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. It can be employed as an adjunctive screening and diagnostic test for early diagnosis of disease in places where disease prevalence is high.

The objective of this project is design and implementation of a health monitoring system using pulse oximeter which measures pulse rate and oxygen level. Before and especially during Covid-19 pandemic pulse oximeter is most necessary in intensive care units (ICU) and in operation rooms but there is a general shortage of such equipment and the one that is available is very expensive. In this project we aim to create an affordable device that allows a person to measure their physiological parameters and provide breathing support so that it may be used in homes and in medical facilities. This device is controlled by programmable microcontroller with some peripherals and sensor. First, the device was built in breadboard afterward it was built on vero board. This device is based on the variation of photon. This device measures pulse rate, body temperature and oxygen level with oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in blood. This device allows a patient to monitor their health at home which is especially useful for Covid patients observing self-isolation and it can be easily set up in remote areas and can be operated on battery. It is an affordable method of allowing people to monitor their health and avoid frequent visits to hospitals and clinics. The device contains a bag valve mask (BVM) that is compressed using a motor to allow for breathing supports for patients in critical condition. 'Drought,' 'After Drought,' and 'No Drought.' DenseNet, ResNet, InceptionV3, Xception, and VGG19 deep learning architectures were utilized for training the models. Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and ROC curves were used to evaluate all models. According to the experimental results, DenseNet and ResNet were the best-performing models with an accuracy of 70%, while VGG19 was the lowest-performing model with an accuracy of 60%.

Teacher training plays vital to reduce violent activities among the students. Islam provides a comprehensive guidelines to overcome the violence and to enhance the vision of adolescents about peace. This systematic review examines the nature and implementation of strategies adopted by the teachers to reduce violent activities among the students in secondary schools in view of the Islamic perspectives. The review indicates the existing situation of adopted strategies and addresses the gaps in the teacher training in Islamic perspectives. The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of adopted strategies of teachers to reduce violence among the students that should be addressed in view of guidelines of Islam to overcome the violent activities among the students. Except the interviews of teachers, review of the available literature on teacher training in Islamic perspectives was done. Empirical qualitative analysis of was used to achieve the objectives of the study. A self-report questionnaire comprising 15 items was constructed for the collection of data from the participants. The study is significant in understanding the existing situation of teacher training to reduce school violence and supportive in revision of curriculum of teacher training for secondary school teachers to handle the violent activities among the students at schools in Islamic perspectives

Achievement sustainable development goals is the priority of the nations in the world. Sustainability is dependent on the peace and cannot be achieved without enhancing the vision of peace in youth. Universities have a significant role in enhancing the vision of in youth. The question is that whether our universities are meeting the needs of peace in society when violence and criminal attitude has been observed in the graduate youth as well. Therefore, this study has been conducted to explore the existing role of the universities in enhancing the vision of peace in youth to achieve the sustainable development goals. The participants of the study are faculty members of the universities and doctoral students in the faculties of social sciences. Before the collection of data, participants’ were ensured to keep their names confidential. Unstructured interviews have been used as tool of research. Questions in qualitative research are wide-ranging & ask for an investigation of the central concept in a study and are supportive in giving greater depth of understanding of a phenomenon that is largely unknown (Creswell, 2009). The study is an empirical addition in the knowledge about the existing role of the universities in enhancing the vision of peace in Pakistani youth. The study is supportive in revising the higher education policies and curriculum for further enhancing the vision of peace in graduates of the universities. The study is beneficial for the researchers and doctoral students in understanding the existing challenges in enhancing the vision of peace in universities students.

Explainable and Robust Artificial Intelligence for Trustworthy Resource Management in 6G Networks. In this paper, we present an overview of the explainable and robust AI techniques for radio resource management. We explain how these methods can provide a systematic methodology for interpreting the decisions made by the black-box AI models, and improve the robustness of the decisions and performance of the algorithms by reducing the model complexity and convergence time. Besides, outlining the core explainability and robustness techniques, we also provide two practical case studies that illustrate the application of these techniques for model simplification and improving robustness of radio resource management decisions.

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Supplementary methods and Figures S1-S17

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Supplementary Figures and Tables

There were no significant PF-0259-related changes in IL-6 throughout the study. Data are represented as mean ratios to baseline {plus minus} 1 standard deviation (SD).

PF-0259 did not induce platelet sequestration in spleen. Monkeys were dosed intravenously with vehicle or PF-0259 at 6 mg/m2/dose once every 3 weeks and were necropsied on Day 3 (at the time of platelet nadirs) or on Day 63 (at the end of the 3rd cycle). CD41 IHC for platelets was performed on spleen samples from vehicle control (A, C) and PF-0259-dosed (B, D) monkeys on Day 3 and Day 63. There was no evidence of increased CD41 immunostaining in PF-0259-dosed monkeys on Day 3 (B) or Day 63 (D) as compared with vehicle control monkeys (A and C, respectively), indicating lack of splenic sequestration of platelets at both time points. Noteworthy was a reduced CD41 immunostaining in PF-0259-dosed monkeys as compared with the control monkey on Day 3, indicating release of platelets from the spleen storage pool secondary to PF-0259-related acute thrombocytopenia. Scale bar = 60 µm.

Purpose:Anti-EGFR mAbs are effective in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. RAS status and tumor location (sidedness) are predictive markers of patients' response to anti-EGFR mAbs. Recently, low miR-31-3p expression levels have been correlated with clinical benefit from the anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab. Here, we aimed to validate the predictive power of miR-31-3p in a prospective cohort of chemorefractory mCRC patients treated with single-agent anti-EGFR mAbs.Experimental Design:miR-31-3p was tested by in situ hybridization (ISH) in 91 pretreatment core biopsies from metastatic deposits of 45 patients with mCRC. Sequential tissue biopsies obtained before treatment, at the time of partial response, and at disease progression were tested to monitor changes in miR-31-3p expression overtreatment. miR-31-3p expression, sidedness, and RAS status in pretreatment cell-free DNA were combined in multivariable regression models to assess the predictive value of each variable alone or in combination.Results:Patients with low miR-31-3p expression in pretreatment biopsies showed better overall response rate, as well as better progression-free survival and overall survival, compared to those with high miR-31-3p expression. The prognostic effect of miR-31-3p was independent from age, gender, and sidedness. No significant changes in the expression of miR-31-3p were observed when sequential tissue biopsies were tested in long-term or poor responders to anti-EGFR mAbs. miR-31-3p scores were similar when pretreatment biopsies were compared with treatment-naïve archival tissues (often primary colorectal cancer).Conclusions:Our study validates the role of miR-31-3p as potential predictive biomarker of selection for anti-EGFR mAbs.

PF-0259 did not induce platelet sequestration in kidney or lung. Monkeys were necropsied 48 hours after a single intravenous administration of vehicle or PF-0259 at 6 mg/m2. CD41 IHC for platelets was performed on kidney and lung samples from vehicle control (A and C, respectively) and PF-0259-dosed (B and D, respectively) monkeys. Contrary to what was observed in the liver, there was no increase in CD41 immunostaining and therefore no evidence of platelet sequestration in the kidney and lung vasculature following PF-0259 administration. Scale bar = 60 µm.

In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, telepresence robots (TRs) are increasingly a part of healthcare, academia, and industry due to their enormous benefits. IoT provides a sensor-based environment in which robots receive more precise information about their surroundings. The researchers work day and night to reduce cost, duration, and complexity in all application areas. It provides tremendous benefits, such as sustainability, welfare improvement, cost-effectiveness, user-friendliness, and adaptability. However, it faces many challenges in making critical decisions during motion, which requires a long training period and intelligent motion planning. These include obstacle avoidance during movement, intelligent control in hazardous situations, and ensuring the right measurements. Following up on these issues requires a sophisticated control design and a secure communication link. This paper proposes a control design to normalize the integration process and offer an auto-MERLIN robot with cognitive and sustainable architecture. A control design is proposed through system identification and modeling of the robot. The robot control design was evaluated, and a prototype was prepared for testing in a hazardous environment. The robot was tested by considering various parameters: driving straight ahead, turning right, self-localizing, and receiving commands from a remote location. The maneuverability, controllability, and stability results show that the proposed design is well-developed and cost-efficient, with a fast response time. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly minimizes the obstacle collisions. The results confirm the employability and sustainability of the proposed design and demonstrate auto-MERLIN’s capabilities as a sustainable robot ready to be deployed in highly interactive scenarios.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition in which the kidney is no more able to remove waste from the body. Through hemodialysis, the excess water and waste from the blood are removed such as urea and creatinine. The urea reduction ratio is a measure of the proportionate reduction in urea blood nitrogen throughout dialysis. It is an acceptable, easy and simple method globally to find dialysis adequacy that how much urea is removed from the body. Our study was aimed at assessing the targets to achieve the urea reduction ratio (URR), in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent hemodialysis. Methods: The pre-dialysis and post-dialysis blood samples were collected from 80 hemodialysis patients. A Performa was filled, blood pressure was monitored before mid and at the end of the session, weight was monitored and ultrafiltration for the adequacy of the dialysis. The urea reduction ratio (URR) was calculated by (pre dialysis urea – post-dialysis urea) divided by pre-dialysis urea and it is expressed in percentage. Results: The mean urea reduction rate (URR) was 74% (adequate URR is >65%). The results of the pre-dialysis and post-dialysis serum urea levels. There was a significant reduction in these parameters, thus suggesting the adequacy of the dialysis. There was the achievement of the target goal. But the inadequacy was also seen at 54.7%. Conclusion: The targeted urea reduction ratio was achieved in the setup of Khyber teaching hospital, but for inadequacy, they need a lot of follow-up and supervision. Keywords: Urea reduction ratio, dialysis, hemodialysis, chronic kidney disease

Seismic numerical modeling technique provide most suitable way for the simulation of wave propagation through subsurface rocks and play an essential role in seismic interpretation, seismic inversion and in evaluating and designing a seismic survey. In order to delineate subsurface more precisely, different approaches are proposed for numerical modeling in which the solutions of Biot’s poroelastic equation are given by using reflectivity, finite element and finite difference algorithms. In current study, a finite difference forward modeling method is proposed to quantify the variation in wave properties during its propagation in a poroelastic media exhibiting mesoscopic heterogeneity due to the existence of three phase fluids. The Biot’s poroelastic wave equations are resolved and a generalized finite difference technique in time domain (FDTD) is used to examine seismic responses in a poroelastic media saturated with three phase fluids. So that the ability to detect geo-fluids through forward modeling technique can be improved. The accuracy of the simulation will lay a good foundation for the follow up work and will enhance our understandings about wave propagation through multi-phase poroelastic media and will also assist in detection and discrimination between fluids of different nature. Also, the proposed approach is of great significance for imaging and prediction of subsurface structures and distribution of fluids.

Human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) have great potential to be used in regenerative medicine. To use these stem cells effectively for this purpose, they should be grown in a 3D cell culture that mimics their natural niches instead of a 2D conventional cell culture. The aim of this study was to grow the HDPSCs in the 3D cell culture created by Transglutaminase-crosslinked collagen hydrogels (Col-Tgel) in two different strengths to find a suitable 3D cell culture environment for these stem cells. Two stiffness of the 3D Col-Tgel were used to grow the HDPSCs: soft and medium matrix with strength of 0.9-1.5 kPa and 14-20 kPa, respectively. HDPSCs express markers similar to MSCs, therefore seven such markers were analyzed in the HDPSCs during their growth in the 2D and in the 3D soft and medium Col-Tgel. The CD105 and CD90 markers were significantly (p 0.05) downregulated in HDPSCs cultured in both 3D cell culture conditions compared with HDPSCs in 2D cell culture. Furthermore, CD34 marker, a negative marker, expressed by a few cells in HDPSCs culture was upregulated (p 0.05) in HDPSCs cultured in medium 3D Col-Tgel, indicating cells that expressing the marker grow better in medium 3D Col-Tgel. The apoptosis results revealed that HDPSCs in medium 3D Col-Tgel had the least number of live cells and a significantly (p 0.05) higher early apoptosis rate compared to HDPSCs in 2D and 3D Col-Tgel medium. MTT analysis also showed a significant difference among the three cell culture conditions. We conclude that HDPSCs cultured on 3D soft Col-Tgel showed better proliferation than cells cultured in 3D medium gel. These results demonstrate that the ideal environment to grow HDPSCs in 3D is the soft Col-Tgel not medium Col-Tgel.

In recent years nitric oxide (NO) has been established as a versatile molecule due to its multifaceted roles in growth and development and as a key signaling molecule in different intracellular processes in plants. Moreover, NO also acts as a direct or indirect antioxidant and regulates the level of reactive oxygen species in stressed cells. A plentiful of literature is available with the information on the role of NO in growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes of plants and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that oxidizes arginine to NO and citrulline, has been characterized as the source of NO in animals. However, in plants, as several sources of NO are identified, synthesis of NO is more complex and is a matter of considerable debate. Based on the previous evidences, the present review is focused on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic sources of NO in plants.

We have synthesized (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca3(Cu4− xTi x)O12−δ ( x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) superconductor samples at 880 °C and studied their superconducting features by XRD analysis, resistivity measurements, ac susceptibility measurements, FTIR absorption spectroscopy, and detailed infield magnetic measurements. By increasing x concentration of Ti doping, the a axis length of the tetragonal unit cell increases, whereas its c axis length decreases. Also, the Tc(onset), Tc( R = 0), and the magnitude of diamagnetism suppresses. The peak position of the apical oxygen modes stay unchanged, however the CuO2/TiO2 planar oxygen modes are softened with increasing x. The critical current density Jc of the samples suppress with an increased field. Suppression of Jc is more steep in doped samples. The doped atoms increase the population of confined defects, which act as pinning cores that increase energy per unit length of flux vortex ɛ. The pinning strength essentially depends on the ɛ; therefore, it also increases with x concentration of Ti doping. The superconductivity enhancement of doped samples is witnessed in increased coherence length ξ c, suppression of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ, and the penetration depth λD. The superior infield characteristics of doped samples indicated that Ti atoms act as efficient flux pinning centers whereas due to their presence in the final compound, the phase coherence of Cooper pairs in various unit cells is marginalized, which induces the suppression in Tc's and magnitude of diamagnetism in ac susceptibility measurements.

The quality of groundwater in the study watershed has worsened because of industrial effluents and residential wastes from the urbanized cities; therefore, there is an important need to explore the aquifer vulnerability to pollution for sustainable groundwater management in the Irrigated Indus Basin (IIB). This study proposed a novel methodology to quantify groundwater vulnerability using two fully independent methodologies: the first by reintroducing an improved recharge factor (R) map and the second by incorporating three different weight and rating schemes into a traditional DRASTIC framework to improve the performance of the DRASTIC approach. In the current study, we composed a recharge map from Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) output (namely SWAT recharge map) with a drainage density map to retrieve an improved composite recharge map (SWAT-CRM). SWAT-CRM along with other thematic layers was combined using weightage overlay analysis to prepare the maps of groundwater vulnerability index (VI). The weight scale (w) and rating scale (r) were assigned based on a survey of available literature, and we then amended them using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and a probability frequency ratio (PFR) technique. Results depicted that the region under high groundwater vulnerability was found to be 5-22% using traditional recharge maps, while those are 9-23% using improved SWAT-CRM. The area under the curve (AUC) revealed that groundwater vulnerability zones predicted with SWAT-CRM outperformed the DRASTIC model applied with the traditional recharge map. Groundwater electrical conductivity (EC) was2500 mS/cm in the high groundwater vulnerability zones, while it was1000 mS/cm in the low groundwater vulnerability zones. The outcomes of this study can be used to improve the sustainability of the groundwater resources in IIB through proper land-use management practices.