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Currently, RT-PCR is the gold standard for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, due to the time-consuming laboratory tests and the low positivity rate of RT-PCR, it cannot be an ideal screening tool for infected population. In this review article, we have reviewed studies related to RT-PCR and CT chest and we would like to give our recommendations. Depending upon the patient's clinical symptoms and radiology imaging typical of viral pneumonia compatible with COVID-19 infection, clinicians need to consider isolation of these patients early even if the RT-PCR test is negative.

Uncertainty and emotion are an inevitable part of everyday life and play a vital role in mental health. Yet, our understanding of how uncertainty and emotion interact is limited. Here, an online survey was conducted (n = 231) to examine whether uncertainty evokes and modulates a range of negative and positive emotions. The data show that uncertainty is predominantly associated with negative emotional states such as fear/anxiety. However, uncertainty was also found to modulate a variety of other negative (i.e., sadness/upset, anger/frustration, and confusion) and positive (i.e., surprise/interest and excited/enthusiastic) emotional states, depending on the valence of an anticipated outcome (i.e., negative and positive) and the sub parameter of uncertainty (i.e., risk and ambiguity). Uncertainty increased the intensity of negative emotional states and decreased the intensity of positive emotional states. These findings support prior research suggesting that uncertainty is aversive and associated with negative emotional states such as fear and anxiety. However, the findings also revealed that uncertainty is involved in eliciting and modulating a wide array of emotional phenomena beyond fear and anxiety. This study highlights an opportunity for further study of how uncertainty and emotion interactions are conceptualised generally and in relation to mental health.

Envisioning the future of positive psychology (PP) requires looking at its past. To that end, I first review prior critiques of PP to underscore that certain early problems have persisted over time. I then selectively examine recent research to illustrate progress in certain areas as well as draw attention to recurrent problems. Key among them is promulgation of poorly constructed measures of well-being and reliance on homogeneous, privileged research samples. Another concern is the commercialization of PP, which points to the need for greater oversight and quality control in profit-seeking endeavors. Looking ahead, I advocate for future science tied to contemporary challenges, particularly ever-widening inequality and the pandemic. These constitute intersecting catastrophes that need scientific attention. Such problems bring into focus “neglected negatives” that may be fueling current difficulties, including greed, indifference, and stupidity. Anger, which defies easy characterization as positive or negative, also warrants greater scientific study. Going forward I advocate for greater study of domains that likely nurture good lives and just societies – namely, participation in the arts and encounters with nature, both currently under study. Overall, my entreaty to PP is to reckon with persistent problems from its past, while striving toward a future that is societally relevant and virtuous.

The article discusses ways to resist the effects of negative emotional contagion on advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE). Topics discussed include the objective of APPE rotations, the aim of acceptance response-focused strategy, the use of the STORM reactive strategy, and the importance of avoiding emotions.

Abnormalities in nonverbal communication are a hallmark of schizophrenia. Results from studies using symptom rating scales suggest that these abnormalities are profound (i.e., 3-5 SDs) and occur across virtually every channel of vocal expression. Computerized acoustic analytic technologies, used to overcome practical and psychometric limitations with symptom rating scales, have found much more benign and isolated abnormalities. To better understand vocal deficits in schizophrenia and to advance acoustic analytic technologies for clinical and research applications, we examined archived speech samples from 5 separate studies, each using different speaking tasks (patient N = 309; control N = 117). We sought to: (a) use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify independent vocal expression measures from a large set of variables, (b) quantify how patients with schizophrenia are abnormal with respect to these variables, (c) evaluate the impact of demographic and contextual factors (e.g., study site, speaking task), and (d) examine the relationship between clinically-rated psychiatric symptoms and vocal variables. PCA identified 7 independent markers of vocal expression. Most of these vocal variables varied considerably as a function of context and many were associated with demographic factors. After controlling for context and demographics, there were no meaningful differences in vocal expression between patients and controls. Within patients, vocal variables were associated with a range of psychiatric symptoms-though only pause length was significantly associated with clinically rated negative symptoms. The discussion centers on explaining the apparent discordance between clinical and computerized speech measures.

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The purpose of study was to analyse the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in a selected university hospital in the Czech Republic. Patients and methods: A retrospective noninterventional study. The sample included all records of inpatients treated by NPWT in a selected medical facility (university hospital) in the period from 2015 to 2017. Data was extracted from the university hospital information system. Results: NPWT was reported in 276 hospitalized patients. The mean time of application of NPWT was 19 days (median 10), the average number of dressing changes was 3.74 (median 2), and the exchange interval was once every 2.99 days (median 2.33). Detailed analysis of 2017 showed that in the vast majority of cases the outcome of NPWT treatment was positive (N = 77, 84.62%), in only two cases the eff ect was not benefi cial (2.20%) and rest of cases was not possible to assess clearly (N = 12, 13.19%). Conclusion: NPWT is an eff ective treatment for wounds of many diff erent aetiologies, but there are diff erences in its use. As we identified diff erent approaches in application and lack of standardisation, we assume that education of health care providers in this area is a necessary and essential aspect to support the appropriate use of NPWT and for the unifi cation of procedures for the quality of care improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is placing abnormally high and ongoing demands on healthcare systems. Little is known about the full effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on diseases other than COVID-19 in the South African setting. To describe a cohort of hospitalised patients under investigation for SARS-CoV-2 that initially tested negative. Consecutive patients hospitalised at Khayelitsha Hospital from April to June 2020, whose initial polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 was negative were included. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision) diagnosis, referral to tertiary level facilities and ICU, and all-cause in-hospital mortality were collected. The 90-day re-test rate was determined and comparisons were made using the χ2-test and the independent samples median test. Overall, 261 patients were included: median age 39.8 years, 55.6% female (n = 145). Frequent comorbidities included HIV (41.4%), hypertension (26.4%), and previous or current tuberculosis (24.1%). Nine (3.7%) patients were admitted to ICU and 38 (15.6%) patients died. Ninety-three patients (35.6%) were re-tested and 21 (22.6%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The top primary diagnoses related to respiratory diseases (n = 82, 33.6%), and infectious and parasitic diseases (n = 62, 25.4%). Thirty-five (14.3%) had a COVID-19 diagnostic code assigned (26 without microbiological confirmation) and 43 (16.5%) had tuberculosis. Older age (p = 0.001), chronic renal impairment (p = 0.03) and referral to higher level of care (all p < 0.001; ICU p = 0.03) were more frequent in those that died. Patients with tuberculosis and other diseases are still presenting to emergency centres with symptoms that may be attributable to SARS-CoV-2 and requiring admission. Extreme vigilance will be necessary to diagnosis and treat tuberculosis and other diseases as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number line and the neutralization model have been used very extensively in teaching integer additions and subtractions for decades. Despite their advantages, issues concerning subtractions on these models are still debatable. Therefore, the neutralization on an empty number line (NNL) model is proposed in this research to help students better understand the meaning of integer subtractions as well as additions. This report is a part of a design research study conducted in a classroom of 28 elementary school students at the fifth grade. Data were gathered by collecting students’ written work, conducting interviews and observations during the teaching experiment. This paper focuses on students’ perceptions of the NNL model and what factors that might contribute to students’ achievements in understanding integer additions and subtractions. The analysis revealed that most students overemphasized on the use of the NNL model as a procedural method instead of as a model for thinking. Moreover, students’ mathematical beliefs and conceptions on the use of the column strategy and the absence of a discussion on the need of using the model are found to be some factors that could cause students’ misunderstandings. However, with a thorough planning, the NNL model has a potential to help students developing a meaning of integer additions and subtractions.

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) assesses emotion regulation strategies, particularly expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. However, the ERQ does not discern between regulating positive vs. negative emotions. Recent research suggests that suppression and reappraisal can impact mental health differently when targeting positive vs negative emotions. We developed and validated the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire - Positive/Negative (ERQ-PN), designed to measure positive and negative forms of suppression and reappraisal strategies. We recruited 963 participants (female = 478) through Prolific.com and administered the ERQ-PN. Participants had an average age of 45 years and were predominantly White (74%) and heterosexual (84%). Structural validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analyses. Model fit was estimated using the comparative fit index and the root-mean-square error of approximation. We also used the Bayesian information criterion to compare the fit of different models. Overall, participants used reappraisal more often to decrease negative emotions (vs. increasing positive) and leaned toward using suppression more for negative (vs. positive) emotions. These analyses revealed that the four-factor model (Model 2) delineating four latent variables (positive reappraisal, negative reappraisal, positive suppression, and negative suppression) had a good fit (RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0. 97, TLI = 0.96, χ 2 < 0.001). An incremental validity assessment revealed that positive and negative reappraisal correlated similarly with related mental health constructs. By contrast, suppression of negative vs. positive emotions was differentially associated to the validators tested. The ERQ-PN represents a valid measure of emotion regulation that accounts for both positive and negative emotions.p < 0.001). An incremental validity assessment revealed that positive and negative reappraisal correlated similarly with related mental health constructs. By contrast, suppression of negative vs. positive emotions was differentially associated to the validators tested. The ERQ-PN represents a valid measure of emotion regulation that accounts for both positive and negative emotions., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

People regulate both negative and positive emotions, and their ability to do this successfully is a cornerstone of adaptive psychological functioning. However, few measures have been available to assess emotion regulation ability across both valence domains. The Perth Emotion Regulation Competency Inventory (PERCI) was recently developed for this purpose. Here we present the first psychometric study of the PERCI in the United States (N = 508). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the intended eight-factor structure, which was invariant across age, gender, and education. PERCI scores had high internal consistency, and were associated with measures of psychopathology, emotional reactivity, and emotion regulation strategies in expected ways. These observed relationships between the PERCI and various regulation strategies may serve to establish a profile of what strategy patterns characterize differences in emotion regulation ability. Overall, the PERCI had strong psychometrics. Its capacity to assess both valence domains should enable more comprehensive assessments of emotion regulation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the impact of blood cultures negative infective endocarditis (BCNIE) on in-hospital mortality. Prospective multicentre study with retrospective analysis of a Spanish cohort including adult patients with definite IE. Cardiac implantable devices infection were excluded. Comparisons between blood cultures positive and BCNIE groups were performed to analyse in-hospital mortality. 1001 cases were included of which 83 (8.3%) had BCNIE. Alternative microbiological diagnosis was achieved for 39 (47%) out 83 cases. The most frequent identifications were: Coxiella burnetii (11; 28.2%), Tropheryma whipplei (4; 10.3%), Streptococcus gallolyticus (4;10.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (3; 7.7%). Surgery was performed more frequently in BCNIE group (57.8 vs. 36.9%, p <.001). All-cause in-hospital mortality rate was 26.7% without statistical difference between compared groups. BCNIE was not associated to worse mortality rate in Cox regression model (aHR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.90–2.07, p =.14). Absence of microbiological diagnosis was also not associated to worse in-hospital prognosis (aHR = 1.62, 95% CI 0.99–2.64, p =.06). In our cohort, BCNIE was not associated to greater in-hospital mortality based in multivariate Cox regression models. The variables most frequently associated with mortality were indicated but not performed surgery (aHR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.73–3.56, p <.001), septic shock (aHR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.68–2.99, p <.001), age over 65 years (aHR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.40-2.52, p <.001) and complicated endocarditis (aHR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.36–2.37, p <.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major theories of hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing predict right hemisphere dominance for negative facial expressions of disgust, fear, and sadness, however, some studies observe left hemisphere dominance for one or more of these expressions. Research suggests that tasks requiring the identification of six basic emotional facial expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) are more likely to produce left hemisphere involvement than tasks that do not require expression identification. The present research investigated this possibility in two experiments that presented six basic emotional facial expressions to the right or left hemisphere using a divided-visual field paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants identified emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to one of six labels. In Experiment 2, participants detected emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to whether an expression was emotional or not. In line with predictions, fearful facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the identification task but not during the detection task. In contrast to predictions, sad expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during both identification and detection tasks. In addition, happy facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the detection task but not during the identification task. Only angry facial expressions exhibited a right hemisphere advantage, and this was only observed when data from both experiments were combined. Together, results highlight the influence of task demands on hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing and suggest a greater role for the left hemisphere in negative expressions than predicted by previous theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background ST72-SCC mec IV, a community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain in Korea, originated in the community and has been spreading in health care settings. Herein, we describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with hospital-acquired MRSA bacteremia (MRSAB) caused by community-associated strains. Methods We analyzed hospital-acquired MRSAB cases caused by ST72-SCC mec IV using a prospective cohort of patients with SAB in a tertiary hospital in Korea from July 2008 to December 2018. We compared the clinical and microbiological characteristics of ST72-SCC mec IV with ST5-SCC mec II, a representative hospital-associated genotype strain. Results Of the 1782 S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) cases, 628 (35.2%) were hospital-acquired MRSAB. Of the 628 isolates, 431 (68.6%) were ST5-SCC mec II and 152 (24.2%) were ST72-SCC mec IV. Patients with ST72-SCC mec IV were younger than those with ST5-SCC mec II and less likely to have a history of recent surgery, antibiotic treatment, nasal MRSA colonization, and central venous catheter placement. Compared with ST5-SCC mec II, ST72-SCC mec IV isolates were more likely to have vancomycin MICs ≤1.0 mg/L (P <.001). Osteoarticular infection as the site of infection (7.2% [11/152] vs 1.4% [6/431]) was more common in patients with ST72-SCC mec IV. There were no significant differences in the rate of recurrence (≤90 days), persistent bacteremia (≥7 days), or 30- and 90-day mortality rates between the 2 groups. Conclusions Osteoarticular infections were more prevalent in ST72-SCC mec IV MRSAB. Mortality rates between the ST72-SCC mec IV and ST5-SCC mec II groups were not significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urolithiasis is common worldwide, with ureteric stones being a particular burden. Ureteroscopy (URS) is one of the most useful procedures in treating ureteric stones not passed spontaneously; this procedure has a complication risk of 4%. Negative URS, with described rates up to 15%, represents an avoidable patient risk and use of medical resources. Objectives: To describe rates and identify predictive factors for negative URS and to define strategies which would minimize patient and financial burden from these unnecessary procedures. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed patients who underwent URS in our Center to treat ureteric stones over a period of 2 years. Patient age, gender, and comorbidities, as well as laboratory and imaging findings, were analyzed. Results: 262 patients underwent URS for ureteric stones. The female population was 50.8% with a mean age of 56.89 years. A total of 78 (29.8%) URS procedures were negative. Univariate analysis showed a higher prevalence of negative URS in female patients, as well as in primary, smaller, and radiolucent stones. At multivariate analysis, a logistic regression model correctly classified 76% of patients, with smaller stone size and radiolucency being significant predictors of negative URS. Discussion and conclusions: Our Center showed a high rate of negative URS, higher than commonly described in the literature. Female patients tend to have an even higher rate, possibly due to unnoticed passage of stones. Patients with small, radiolucent stones showed the highest rates of negative URS.

Major theories of hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing predict right hemisphere dominance for negative facial expressions of disgust, fear, and sadness, however, some studies observe left hemisphere dominance for one or more of these expressions. Research suggests that tasks requiring the identification of six basic emotional facial expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) are more likely to produce left hemisphere involvement than tasks that do not require expression identification. The present research investigated this possibility in two experiments that presented six basic emotional facial expressions to the right or left hemisphere using a divided-visual field paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants identified emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to one of six labels. In Experiment 2, participants detected emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to whether an expression was emotional or not. In line with predictions, fearful facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the identification task but not during the detection task. In contrast to predictions, sad expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during both identification and detection tasks. In addition, happy facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the detection task but not during the identification task. Only angry facial expressions exhibited a right hemisphere advantage, and this was only observed when data from both experiments were combined. Together, results highlight the influence of task demands on hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing and suggest a greater role for the left hemisphere in negative expressions than predicted by previous theories.

Negativity is an important dimension in both Adorno’s inverse theology and the theological thought of pre-Qin Daoism. Firstly, both have a negative thinking and approach. Adorno inherited the Jewish idea of “forbidden images” and negative theology, and his negative dialectics is just a negative method. The pre-Qin Daoist description of the Dao and its laws are also negative. Secondly, in terms of negative language, Adorno insists on a negative discourse, arguing that concepts cannot fully express objects, and that the purpose of philosophy is to “express the inexpressible”. The pre-Qin Daoist idea of “no name” is also a negative discourse. Adorno and Zhuangzi both attempted to express truth in a non-conceptual language. Finally, negativity is the essence of social criticism and redemption. Both Adorno and the pre-Qin Daoists were in the midst of social collapse. Adorno argued that redemption could only be expected from an inner criticism of society and through the art of negativity. And the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi was ultimately understood as the spirit of Chinese art. However, Adorno’s negativity contains the idea of intermediation, while the negativity of Laozi and Zhuangzi’s thought is based on the idea of interconversion. The ideas of the two can be informed by each other.

I investigate whether countries that use unconventional monetary policy (UMP) experience export booms. I use a popular gravity model of trade which requires neither the exogeneity of UMP, nor instrumental variables for UMP. In practice, countries that engage in UMP experience a drop in exports vis‐à‐vis countries that are not engaged in such policies, holding other things constant. Quantitative easing is associated with exports that are about 10% lower to countries not engaged in UMP; this amount is significantly different from zero and similar to the effect of negative nominal interest rates. Thus, there is no evidence that countries have gained export markets through UMP; currency wars that have been launched have also been lost. UMP is also associated with a comparable drop in imports and exchange rates, suggesting that countries engage in UMP when they are experiencing adverse macroeconomic shocks concurrent with those that eviscerate international trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Affect Balance Scale (ABS) was developed to assess the affective component of subjective well-being. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of ABS in a non-probabilistic sample composed of 2241 individuals in the general population in Argentina, ages ranging from 18 to 89 years (M = 37.53; SD = 14.80). The results suggest acceptable psychometric properties within the sample. Excellent adjustment to the data of the two-dimensional model is observed through confirmatory factor analysis. Results of the factorial invariance analysis of gender conducted indicate that both groups are equivalent in terms of the factor structure under investigation. Internal consistency was also found to be adequate. As a result, the study contributed to assessing positive and negative affect in Spanish speaking populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russophobia or Anti Russian Sentiments means the diverse spectrums of hatred, dislike, negative feelings towards Russia or the Russians and their culture as a whole. This was one of the political tools used during the Cold War to establish hatred towards the Soviets. A wide variety of mass cultural clichés still exists in the Western world towards the Russians. Negative representations of Russia and Russians in the popular culture is described as functional, thus stereotypes about Russia may be used for framing reality. This article will be an attempt to understand the rise in Russophobia in relation to the West with the focus being created towards Europe, this paper will be an attempt to understand weather Russophobia has is incorporated by the West as a propaganda tool or is it the Russians who misuse the term Russophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly aims at pointing to the criteria that make a detainee be eligible for re-socialisation. In addition to this, we distinguish between negative re-socialization, when the expected result is not obtained, and positive re-socialization, when the ultimate goal is successfully accomplished. Moreover the definition of re-socialization is provided to better understand this concept.

In the proposed work, hidden Markov model (HMM) has been deployed to improve the learner's performance or grades on the basis of their psychological and environmental factors like connect/gather isolation, pleasure/comfort, depression, trust, anxiety, proper guidance, improper guidance, entertainment, and stress. The categorization of psychological and environmental factors has been done on the basis of two factors as positive and negative. The responsibility of the positive factor is to boost up learner's performance or grades, whereas negative factors reduce learning performance respectively. Finally, this paper addresses the application of HMM to determine the optimal sequence of states for different states as grades A, B, and C for different emission observations. The states identification leads to training the HMM model where optimal value of individual states computed using different observation sequences which determines the probability of state sequences. The probability of achieved optimal states is shown in different logical combinations where best state is searched among available different states using different search techniques. The computational results obtained after training are encouraging and useful.

Currently, RT-PCR is the gold standard for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, due to the time-consuming laboratory tests and the low positivity rate of RT-PCR, it cannot be an ideal screening tool for infected population. In this review article, we have reviewed studies related to RT-PCR and CT chest and we would like to give our recommendations. Depending upon the patient's clinical symptoms and radiology imaging typical of viral pneumonia compatible with COVID-19 infection, clinicians need to consider isolation of these patients early even if the RT-PCR test is negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the works of Sandor Ferenczi and André Green, we are invited to reflect on the relationship between trauma and the negative during adolescence. The author underlines the negative effect of trauma, which prevents the configuration of all or part of the traumatic experience and makes it impossible to be experienced as such on a psychological level. This unrepresentable "void" of trauma eludes any possibility of secondary sexualisation at a later stage during the course of puberty. This "void" leads to a narcissistic self-split between the "omniscient" and emotionally anesthetised part on one side and the part identified with the aggressor on the other. The identification with the aggressor, which corresponds to the denial of painful experiences, paves the way for a merciless relationship to oneself and to others, the very opposite of the process of identification, in particular identification with the parental role, and thus of the emergence of a double subjective dimension, both generative and benevolent, which lays the foundations for a "new life". A clinical case study will serve as illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To formulate clinical pathways for identifying clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) and avoiding insignificant prostate cancer (isPC) in those without suspicious regions of interest on multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate. Methods: A retrospective review identified patients with negative mpMRI who underwent subsequent transperineal prostate biopsy across two centres. Patient characteristics and association with biopsy results were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results: A total of 144 patients were identified as having negative mpMRI and undergoing subsequent transperineal prostate biopsy; 18% (25/144) of the cohort were found to have csPC. Logistic regression analysis failed to identify statistically significant predictive factors. In this cohort, if all patients with prostate‐specific antigen > 3.0 were biopsied the least amount of csPC is missed, at 20% (5/25) however all isPC would be diagnosed. The least amount of isPC is diagnosed with a biopsy threshold of >15% from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer calculator with 20% (5/25) of isPC diagnoses made however only 10.5% (2/19) csPC would be diagnosed. A biopsy threshold of >5% risk reduces the number of csPC missed to 37% (7/19) however increases isPC diagnoses to 54% (13/24) of the population. Conclusion: False‐negative rates of prostate MRI for csPC are significant within our cohort at 18%. The decision to biopsy should be made in conjunction with a risk profile acceptable by the patient and clinician. The current study demonstrates that there is a need to balance the risk of missing csPC and harm of diagnosing isPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the outcomes of high-risk (HR) HPV-positive and -negative women affected by high-grade cervical dysplasia. This is a retrospective multi-institutional study. Medical records of consecutive patients with high-grade cervical dysplasia undergoing conization between 2010 and 2014 were retrieved. All patients included had at least 5 years of follow-up. A propensity-score matching was adopted in order to reduce the presence of confounding factors between groups. Kaplan-Meir and Cox hazard models were used to estimate 5-year outcomes. Overall, data of 2966 women, affected by high-grade cervical dysplasia were reviewed. The study population included 1478 (85%) and 260 (15%) women affected by HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative high-grade cervical dysplasia. The prevalence of CIN2 and CIN3 among the HR-HPV-positive and -negative cohort was similar (p = 0.315). Patients with HR-HPV-positive high-grade cervical dysplasia were at higher risk of 5-year recurrence (after primary conization) that HR-HPV-negative patients (p < 0.001, log-rank test). Via multivariate analysis, HR-HPV-negative women were at low risk of recurrence (HR: 1.69 (95%CI: 1.05, 4.80); p = 0.018, Cox Hazard model). A propensity-score matched comparison was carried out in order to reduce biases that are related to the retrospective study design. In comparison to HR-HPV-negative patients, thosewith HR-HPV-positive CIN3 was associate with a 8-fold increase in the risk of recurrence (p < 0.001, log-rank test). HR-HPV-negative high-grade cervical dysplasia is not uncommon, accounting for 15% of our study population. Those patients experience more favorable outcomes than patients with documented HR-HPV infection(s). Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate our data. • Overall, 10–15% of patients with high-grade cervical dysplasia are HR-HPV negative. • Patients with HR-HPV-positive lesions experience a 8-fold increase in the risk of recurrence than HPV-negative patients. • In case of HR-HPV-negative patients, achieving complete excision of the lesion the risk of recurrence is negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure. Aim of the study: This study was aimed to assess the effect of supportive care activities on negative feelings of nephrotic syndrome children. Setting: The study was carried out at medicine department of children's hospital afliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. The subjects: The subject of this study was purposive sample composed of (50) children were attended to the previously mentioned setting and accompanying mothers. Tools of data collection: An Interviewing Questionnaire, Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE), multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Less than half of the studied children having negative Emotional Feelings. Conclusion: The study concluded that the studied children with Nephrotic Syndrome have negative feelings need Supportive Care. Recommendations: This study recommended the importance of Encourage use of Supportive care activities programs to help them to prevent the negative feelings of Nephrotic syndrome children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will focus on the impacts of negative interest rate implementations in five areas. To this day, there have only been a handful of areas that have had their central banks lower the interbank interest rate to below zero, thus breaking through the zero‐lower bound theory in economics. The areas studied here are Japan, Switzerland, Europe, Denmark, and Sweden. All but Japan lowered the interest rates below zero on reserve funds in their respective central banks while Japan lowered the rate only for the amounts excess of reserves. The goal of this survey article is to explain why these areas decided to implement such an unorthodox policy and determine what implications these policies have on the general economy of the area and the banks within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Keats's views on poetry constitute an organic and unified theoretical system. "Negative capacity" is related to emotional languidness and cognitive delay. Such a mental state brings a "leisurely" and "peaceable" creative mood, which makes the poet's inspiration come naturally like "leaves growing on the branches". "The poet has no self" means that the dormancy of the poet's emotion and cognition forces the "second self" to leave his physical body in order to "fill some other Body" and "cogitate based on its character," and such a "filling" clearly needs to be done with the power of imagination, "What the imagination seizes as Beauty must be truth" emphasizes the authenticity of aesthetic feeling: poetry does not need to seek truth through inferential cognitive process like philosophy, but it should insist on pursuing beauty by imagination and creating beauty through a keen sense. Keats deepened his understanding of poetry incessantly with the passage of time, but still kept it coherent and sustained a progression and cohesion between his viewpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about intergroup contact have a long and somewhat tortuous history. Shaped largely by Social Darwinism dogma, early theorizing anticipated negative effects. Following World War II, however, a more optimistic view took hold, and social psychological research began to study the phenomenon. Allport's (1954) influential book, the Nature of Prejudice, focused social psychological attention on intergroup contact and shaped research on it for the rest of the 20th century. Now the domain has developed into a complex and intricate theory, complete with multiple forms of contact and numerous moderating and mediating variables—as demonstrated in the articles throughout this JSI issue. Within this historical context of the theory's development, this article then comments on each of the previous articles and their further advances to the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Beverages or food may alter the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamics of drugs-substances' active pharmaceutical ingredients which may cause adverse circumstances. Salbutamol is widely indicated to prevent asthma and acute/chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders. Liquorice and/or Pomegranate are prescribed to support cough and asthma management. Nonetheless, an interaction thereafter with a Salbutamol pharmacokinetics was not investigated yet. Thus, the aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of Liquorice and/or Pomegranate on Salbutamol pharmacokinetic-parameters in animals (rats). Methods and Materials: A Chromatography method of (HPLC) was carried out. Partially validated after a development profitably conformed to the European Medical Agency's guidelines to measure Salbutamol in rat serum. Liquorice and/or Pomegranate juices were given to rats for three days and, an hour sooner than Salbutamol (5.0 mg/kg), it was administered as an oral solution. Blood samples were collected at scheduled intervals, then handled and investigated by HPLC methodology. Results: The linearity of the calibration curve was over 98%. The intra-day and the inter-day accuracy values of Salbutamol were (97.93%-105.18%), and (98.67%-105.91%), respectively. While the intra- and inter-day precision values were equal to or less than 3.178% and 3.653%, respectively. In addition, no significant change was seen in the pharmacokinetic parameters of Salbutamol when administered to rats that were given either pomegranate or Liquorice juice. Conclusions: It was established that the given Liquorice or pomegranate juices with the above-mentioned orally administrated Salbutamol solution, did not result in a significant parameter in the pharmacokinetic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to our understanding of positive prediction error signals occurring due to unexpected reward outcomes, less is known about the neural circuitry in humans that drives negative prediction errors during omission of expected rewards. While classical learning theories such as Rescorla–Wagner or temporal difference learning suggest that both types of prediction errors result from a simple subtraction, there has been recent evidence suggesting that different brain regions provide input to dopamine neurons which contributes to specific components of this prediction error computation. Here, we focus on the brain regions responding to negative prediction error signals, which has been well-established in animal studies to involve a distinct pathway through the lateral habenula. We examine the activity of this pathway in humans, using a conditioned inhibition paradigm with high-resolution functional MRI. First, participants learned to associate a sensory stimulus with reward delivery. Then, reward delivery was omitted whenever this stimulus was presented simultaneously with a different sensory stimulus, the conditioned inhibitor (CI). Both reward presentation and the reward-predictive cue activated midbrain dopamine regions, insula and orbitofrontal cortex. While we found significant activity at an uncorrected threshold for the CI in the habenula, consistent with our predictions, it did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and awaits further replication. Additionally, the pallidum and putamen regions of the basal ganglia showed modulations of activity for the inhibitor that did not survive the corrected threshold.

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are an emerging cause of native valve endocarditis in community and healthcare settings. We describe a case of a 28-year-old man with no significant risk factors who presented with Staphylococcus pettenkoferi native valve endocarditis. During our patient’s initial hospitalization, he was treated for CoNS bacteraemia and subsequently discharged after a protracted hospital course with a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showing no valvular vegetations. However, during the course of his second hospitalization, speciation identified S. pettenkoferi and transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showed aortic valve perforations with new regurgitation raising concern for left sided endocarditis. We postulate that our patient may have been infected with the same CoNS species causing aortic valve endocarditis during his initial hospitalization. This case highlights the importance of recognizing CoNS as a possible causative bacterium in NVE, as well as the importance of obtaining a TEE when evaluating a patient for suspected endocarditis.

Compared to our understanding of positive prediction error signals occurring due to unexpected reward outcomes, less is known about the neural circuitry in humans that drives negative prediction errors during omission of expected rewards. While classical learning theories such as Rescorla–Wagner or temporal difference learning suggest that both types of prediction errors result from a simple subtraction, there has been recent evidence suggesting that different brain regions provide input to dopamine neurons which contributes to specific components of this prediction error computation. Here, we focus on the brain regions responding to negative prediction error signals, which has been well-established in animal studies to involve a distinct pathway through the lateral habenula. We examine the activity of this pathway in humans, using a conditioned inhibition paradigm with high-resolution functional MRI. First, participants learned to associate a sensory stimulus with reward delivery. Then, reward delivery was omitted whenever this stimulus was presented simultaneously with a different sensory stimulus, the conditioned inhibitor (CI). Both reward presentation and the reward-predictive cue activated midbrain dopamine regions, insula and orbitofrontal cortex. While we found significant activity at an uncorrected threshold for the CI in the habenula, consistent with our predictions, it did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and awaits further replication. Additionally, the pallidum and putamen regions of the basal ganglia showed modulations of activity for the inhibitor that did not survive the corrected threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the scientific literature, the symbols L1 (Language 1) and L2 (Language 2) are used to indicate the sequence of languages. In most countries, L1 is understood as a first language, and it usually coincides with the mother tongue. The other languages are learned later. This can be seen in the children of multilingual parents. Teaching a second foreign language covers everything a student hears and sees in a new language. This includes a variety of discourse activities, such as exchanges in restaurants and shops, talking to friends, reading billboards and newspapers, as well as teacher-student attitudes in the classroom, as well as language activities and books in the classroom. Regardless of the learning environment, the learner's goal is to master a target language. The learner starts the task of learning a second language from scratch (or close to it) and uses the necessary language skills in the mother tongue to determine the reciprocity of language units in the target language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Negative symptoms are a critical, but poorly understood, aspect of schizophrenia. Measurement of negative symptoms primarily relies on clinician ratings, an endeavor with established reliability and validity. There have been increasing attempts to digitally phenotype negative symptoms using objective biobehavioral technologies, eg, using computerized analysis of vocal, speech, facial, hand and other behaviors. Surprisingly, biobehavioral technologies and clinician ratings are only modestly inter-related, and findings from individual studies often do not replicate or are counterintuitive. In this article, we document and evaluate this lack of convergence in 4 case studies, in an archival dataset of 877 audio/video samples, and in the extant literature. We then explain this divergence in terms of "resolution"—a critical psychometric property in biomedical, engineering, and computational sciences defined as precision in distinguishing various aspects of a signal. We demonstrate how convergence between clinical ratings and biobehavioral data can be achieved by scaling data across various resolutions. Clinical ratings reflect an indispensable tool that integrates considerable information into actionable, yet "low resolution" ordinal ratings. This allows viewing of the "forest" of negative symptoms. Unfortunately, their resolution cannot be scaled or decomposed with sufficient precision to isolate the time, setting, and nature of negative symptoms for many purposes (ie, to see the "trees"). Biobehavioral measures afford precision for understanding when, where, and why negative symptoms emerge, though much work is needed to validate them. Digital phenotyping of negative symptoms can provide unprecedented opportunities for tracking, understanding, and treating them, but requires consideration of resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental dynamic in the coastal area is suggested to affect the metabolite concentration in mangrove plants. This research aimed to study the concentration of total phenol in A. marina leaf and to analyze the effect of environmental parameters on total phenol content dynamics. Environmental parameters studied in this research was temperature, pH, DO, and salinity, as well as N, P, and C sediment content. Data analysis was carried out through multiple regression of natural logarithm transformed data. Laboratory analysis resulted the value of total phenol content in A. marina leaf ranging from 0.88 - 1.62% with the average concentration of 1.28 ± 0.28%. Regression analysis resulted the significant effect of temperature, DO, and sediment content P and C expressed in the formula: ln(TP) = 31.229 - 7.224ln(T) - 0.067ln(DO) - 1.054ln(P) - 1.241ln(C). The research implicated that the increasing value of those factors was approaching the suitable condition for A. marina. Thus, instead of increasing the phenol concentration, the parameters negatively effect the secondary metabolite. The result showed that increasing temperature, DO, and content of P and C reduced the stress in A. marina and reduce total phenol content. This suggests that low temperature, DO, P and C concentration provides more potential of phenolic products from A. marina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Manufacturers designed needleless connectors (NCs) to reduce needlestick injuries and exposures to bloodborne pathogens. All NCs displace fluid, and most do not control fluid movement through the device. The observed bidirectional fluid movement and reflux may not be consistent with how the manufacturer of the device describes NC. Reflux may lead to a significant patient safety risk as it relates to intraluminal thrombotic occlusion and infection. Methods: The in vitro observational study 1 (OS1) systematically tested bidirectional flow control; the ability prevented retrograde fluid from flowing into the infusion system. Researchers tested 13 commonly used NCs. The observational study 2 (OS2) measured the amount of displaced fluid in each NC paired grouping during connection and disconnection of a Luer locking device. Results: OS1: Eleven NCs failed bidirectional flow control, and 2 passed bidirectional flow control. OS2: All 13 NCs had varying amounts of fluid displacement or reflux. The measured volume of reflux for NCs during disconnection was 0.17 μL to 114.65 μL. The measured volume of reflux for NCs during connection was 11.73 μL to 34.43 μL. Conclusion: NC labeling does not appear to correspond with manufacturer claims. Neutral displacement does not appear to be present in the NCs used in this observational study. To properly instruct health care professionals about using the various NCs available, it is imperative to know the accurate bidirectional control, reflux cycle, and volume of reflux beyond the manufacturer's performance claims. Precise information may assist the clinician in reducing intraluminal blood exposure of vascular access devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients pursuing exome sequencing (ES) in their quest for diagnosis will most often experience unresolved uncertainty from their ES results because the majority of ES results are non‐diagnostic. This study explored and compared the experiences of receiving two types of ES results that may result in diagnostic uncertainty. Semi‐structured phone interviews were conducted with 23 adult patients with undiagnosed conditions who received either a negative result or a result with one or more variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) from ES. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic and comparative analyses. Participants accurately understood their results and described various sources of genomic uncertainty including probability, complexity, and ambiguity. Their acclimation to illness uncertainty resulted in realistic expectations about and acceptance of their results. Participants still hoped that ES would end their diagnostic odyssey. Hope and optimism were used to cope with continued uncertainty. No thematic differences were found between the experiences of those who received negative results versus those who received VUSs. Our findings may inform clinical practices of informed consent and disclosure of negative results and VUSs through a greater consideration of patients' reactions, concerns, and challenges with adaptation to uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]