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The measurement of affect is often of central interest in adolescent research. Very few studies have investigated the factor structure underlying adolescent responses to the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, with mixed results. Only two studies reported on the trait version: one in Florida, the other in Chile. This study compared a range of prominent models to capture responses from adolescent boys from grades 7 to 12 in Australia (N = 1431) employing confirmatory factor analyses. Models included two, three, and a recently proposed bifactor model. While most models showed reasonable fit compared to a one-factor solution, cross-loading of the item feeling "strong" enhanced fit to the data. In the end, interpretation and parsimony advocate for the adoption of the uncorrelated two-factor Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) model for representing general positive and negative affectivity in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study provides the first systematic investigation of environmental exposure to putative psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders in individuals with AN and BN in Japan. It also provides a comparison of risk factors for the development of AN and BN in Japan versus the United States. Method: Participants in Japan were 96 women with a current DSM‐IV AN or BN primary diagnosis (AN, n = 60; BN, n = 36) and 57 women with no current psychiatric diagnosis (NC group). Participants in the United States were 137 women with a current DSM‐IV AN or BN primary diagnosis (AN‐U.S., n = 71; BN‐U.S., n = 66). A standardized semi‐structured interview retrospectively assessed exposure to risk factors prior to first symptom onset, which were analyzed using General Linear Model analyses. Results: Perfectionism and negative affectivity, family relationship issues, and, to a lesser degree, parental psychopathology predicted the emergence of AN and BN in Japan. Physical and sexual abuse and family eating and weight concerns were not significant risk factors in Japan. Compared to their respective diagnostic U.S. groups, the Japanese AN group reported higher levels of individual mental health factors and lower levels of family dieting and family overweight, and the Japanese BN group reported higher levels on individual mental health factors, lower exposure to problems with their parents, and lower exposure to family weight and eating concerns. Discussion These country‐specific data from Japan contribute to an increasingly nuanced and global understanding of risk factors for eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several risk factors have been linked to the etiology of obesity, including genetic, psychological, and behavioral factors. The aim of the study was to determine whether perceived discrimination was directly associated with obesity, and indirectly via negative affectivity and diet quality. Four hundred and twenty participants from a regional state university in southern Chile were enrolled in the study, using a convenience non-probabilistic sampling procedure (248 women, average age 44 years, SD = 8.79). Participants completed measures of perceived discrimination, perceived psychological stress, state-trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms (CES-D) and selfreported their diet quality. Structural equation modeling revealed that perceived discrimination was not directly related to obesity (measured using waist size circumference, WSC), however, it was found to be associated with negative affectivity. The latter factor was associated with diet quality, which was itself directly related to WSC. There is a sequenced mediated effect of perceived discrimination on WSC via negative affectivity and diet quality. Though small, this effect is statistically significant. The negative effects of perceived discrimination on health are highlighted and an underlying mechanism linking these variables is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separate lines of research have linked negative parenting practices, victimization, and negative affectivity - separately - with internalizing symptoms in children. However, no previous studies have connected these lines of research to examine internalizing pathology in children. The current study tested complex moderated-mediation models to investigate the respective effects of victimization and negative affectivity on the relationship between parenting practices and internalizing symptoms. Greek-Cypriot children (N = 374) and their parents took part in the study. The children completed the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, the Negative Affect Scale for Children, and the Parental Bonding Instrument. Their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist – Parent Report (CBCL). Moderated-mediation models highlighted that negative affectivity moderates the mediating effect of victimization on the relationship between parenting practices and internalizing symptoms. The research findings contribute to the existing literature and advance our understanding of children's internalizing symptoms development. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type D (Distressed) personality combines negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to (1) validate a new proxy based on the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) for Type D personality and its NA and SI subcomponents and (2) estimate the heritability of the Type D proxy in an extended twin-pedigree design in the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). Proxies for the dichotomous Type D classification, and continuous NA, SI, and NAxSI (the continuous measure of Type D) scales were created based on 12 ASEBA items for 30,433 NTR participants (16,449 twins and 13,984 relatives from 11,106 pedigrees) and sources of variation were analyzed in the 'Mendel' software package. We estimated additive and non-additive genetic variance components, shared household and unique environmental variance components and ran bivariate models to estimate the genetic and non-genetic covariance between NA and SI. The Type D proxy showed good reliability and construct validity. The best fitting genetic model included additive and non-additive genetic effects with broad-sense heritabilities for NA, SI and NAxSI estimated at 49%, 50% and 49%, respectively. Household effects showed small contributions (4–9%) to the total phenotypic variation. The genetic correlation between NA and SI was.66 (reflecting both additive and non-additive genetic components). Thus, Type D personality and its NA and SI subcomponents are heritable, with a shared genetic basis for the two subcomponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has witnessed massive economic development in the past few decades and one of the consequences of increased urbanization has been the reduction of physical activity in the adult population. In light of this trend, the researcher has conducted this study with the aim of examining how the low physical activity levels lead to exercise procrastination in the longer run by looking at data collected from Chinese adults that have at least a year or so experience of athletics of any type. The variables that were studied for this purpose in this research include the low level of physical activity as the independent variable, exercise procrastination as dependent and three mediating variable i.e. Low level of perceived self-efficacy in the athletes, perceived task difficulty in the athletes and negative affectivity in the athletes. The researcher conducted an in-depth literature review that led to the formation of 4 hypotheses for direct and indirect relationships. The researcher used positivism to conduct this quantitative research. The nature of research is exploratory with the random sampling technique used to conduct the survey. Moreover, data is collected through an online questionnaire. The collected data was used to test the hypotheses through statistical and analytical procedures using SPSS. Various tests were applied including descriptive tests, KMO tests, CFA and SEM. The results of SEM showed that the direct impact of low physical activity was insignificant on exercise procrastination. As for the indirect effects, the mediation of negative affect and low self-efficacy were significant while that of perceived task difficulty was insignificant. In addition, the researcher has presented the limitations as well as the future directions that can be adopted in future researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to test whether rumination and negative affectivity mediate the relationship between work-family conflict and nurse-assessed patient safety among intensive care unit nurses., Background: Most intensive care unit nurses experience work-family conflicts that jeopardise patient safety. Although prior studies have explored the effect of work-family conflict on patient safety, few have investigated whether work-family conflict is associated with patient safety through rumination and negative affectivity among intensive care unit nurses., Design: Cross-sectional study., Methods: This study included 209 intensive care unit nurses from five general hospitals. The Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Negative Affectivity, and three items indicating nurses' perception of overall patient safety were used to gather data. Associations between work-family conflict, rumination, negative affectivity, and nurse-assessed patient safety were assessed using correlation and serial multiple mediation analysis., Results: Work-family conflict, rumination, negative affectivity, and nurse-assessed patient safety were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Work-family conflict can have not only a direct negative impact on the nurse-assessed patient safety (effect = -0.0234; standard error [SE] = 0.0116; 95% confidence interval [CI]: lower limit [LL] = -0.0464, upper limit [UL] = -0.0005) but also an indirect impact on nurse-assessed patient safety through three paths: the independent mediating role of rumination (effect = -0.0118; SE = 0.0063; 95% CI: LL = -0.0251, UL = -0.0006), the independent mediating role of negative affectivity (effect = -0.0055; SE = 0.0039; 95% CI: LL = -0.0153, UL = -0.0001), and the chain-mediating role of rumination and negative affectivity (effect = -0.0078; SE = 0.0031; 95% CI: LL = -0.0152, UL = -0.0027)., Conclusion: Our findings indicated that work-family conflict could influence nurse-assessed patient safety through increasing rumination and negative affectivity among intensive care unit nurses. Based on the results, interventions aimed at decreasing work-family conflict would be beneficial for intensive care unit nurses' emotional stability and patient safety., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

ObjectiveStarting university education is a crucial period for the mental health of students, who report higher levels of distress compared to the general population. This study sought to better understand the distress experienced by students by considering contextual facets (e.g., housing conditions) as well as stable clinical variables (e.g., negative affectivity, emotion regulation, and anxiety).MethodsA total of 177 University students (71.2% females) aged 18-29 were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Suicidal History Self-Rating Screening Scale, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20.ResultsUniversity students showed concerning levels of distress, particularly concerning anxiety, and depression. We found that the relationship between negative affectivity and both state and trait anxiety was mediated by alexithymia but housing conditions did not act as a moderator for the indirect effect of negative affectivity on state or trait anxiety through alexithymia.ConclusionUndoubtedly, university lifestyle can be demanding, but experiencing distress is not inevitable nor inexplicable. The present study sought to gain insight into the anxiety experienced by Italian University students while taking into account the importance of personality and clinical characteristics that have previously been widely underestimated. We found that these characteristics can be of extreme importance for developing preventative and therapeutic interventions tailored to the clinical characteristics of students, as well taking into account their living environment.

Objective: Starting from the controversial results showed by empirical research on Linehan’s Biosocial model of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), this study aims to empirically evaluate Linehan’s conceptualization of emotional hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity, as well as to investigate the role of pre-existing emotional states in BPD altered physiological responsivity. Methods: We asked 24 participants (BPD = 12; Healthy Controls = 12) to complete a self-reported questionnaire (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) in order to assess their pre-task affective state. Subsequently, 36 emotional pictures from four valence categories (i.e. erotic, negative, positive, neutral) were administered while assessing participants self-reported and electrodermal responses. Results: BPD patients showed higher levels of pre-task negative affectivity as well as an enhanced physiological response to neutral stimuli. No main BPD group effect was found for the physiological data. Moreover, pre-task negative affectivity levels were exclusively related to physiological responses among BPD subjects. Discussion: Our findings supported the hypersensitivity hypothesis operationalized as an enhanced responsiveness to non-emotional cues. Hyperreactivity assumption was not supported. Conversely, our study revealed heightened physiological responses in relation to pre-existent negative emotional states in BPD. We discussed our results in the context of the putative pathological processes underlying BPD.

The paper analyzes the concepts of personality profiles and demonstrates the possibility of applying this approach to comparatively assessing the psychological characteristics of patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH).It sets forth the fundamentals of the concepts by F. Alexander, H.F. Dunbar, M. Friedman, and R. Rosenman, which emphasize the importance of emotional, personal, and behavioral factors for the etiology and pathogenesis of EAH and analyzes in detail the psychological study of the characteristics of the so-called type D (distressed) personality that is characterized by a combination of the predominance of negative emotions, social isolation, and inability to regulate these factors.The authors present the results of their own empirical study of personal characteristics (through the Cattel's 16 personality factors questionnaire) in patients with office hypertension (OH) versus those with classical EAH and healthy individuals. OH patients are shown to be significantly less sociable, less emotionally stable, more overwrought and shy, and more prone to self-control and feelings of guilt. The experimental psychological study (by simulating of emotional stress and by using the modified variant of the procedure developed by S. Rosenzweig to examine frustration reactions) has revealed that the patients with OH tend to experience the most intense negative sthenic emotions and they significantly more frequently resort to repression of these emotions.The findings prove that the EAH group is e heterogeneous and confirm the assumption that OH patients show negative affectivity and lower social activity.

The present study examined how toddler temperament (negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency) and parent stress relate to parents' use of autonomy support (AS) when making requests. Based on past studies pointing to parent stress and toddler difficult temperament as possible risk factors, we proposed a mediation model where toddler temperament was expected to be related indirectly to parents' use of autonomy-supportive practices via parent stress. Parents (N = 181) reported how often they used autonomy-supportive practices when asking their toddlers (Mage = 27.7 months) to engage in important, yet uninteresting activities. They also answered questions regarding their toddler's temperament and their own stress levels. A complete mediation hypothesis was supported for negative affectivity but not for the other temperament dimensions. Both toddler negative affectivity and effortful control were indirectly related to parents' AS, via parent stress. However, effortful control was also directly associated with parent AS over and above parent stress, while surgency was not related to parent stress or parent AS. The present findings underline the need for more research on how to mitigate the impact of difficult temperamental characteristics so as to preserve parents' support for their toddlers' need for autonomy. Highlights: Parents' socialization role is key during toddlerhood but it can be challenging. Toddler temperament may affect parental stress, known to hinder parenting quality. Parents rated how much they use autonomy-supportive practices when making requests. Toddler negative affectivity was linked to less autonomy support, via parent stress. Toddler effortful control was linked to more autonomy support (directly/indirectly). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific phobias are among the most prevalent anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Although brief and intensive treatments are evidence-based interventions (Davis III et al. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 233-256, 2019), up to one-third of youth do not show significant change in their symptoms following these interventions. Hence, consideration of additional factors influencing treatment response is necessary. Child-factors such as temperament and parent-factors such as parenting behaviors both contribute to the development of specific phobias and their maintenance over time. Specifically, we addressed child temperament (negative affectivity) and parenting behaviors (overprotection) that could uniquely predict clinical outcomes for specific phobias and that might interact to inform goodness-of-fit in the context of these interventions. We also considered whether child- and/or parent-gender shaped the effects of temperament or parenting on clinical outcomes. Participants were 125 treatment-seeking youth (M age = 8.80 years; age range = 6-15 years; 51.5% girls) who met criteria for specific phobia and their mothers and fathers. Mothers' reports of children's negative affectivity uniquely predicted poorer specific phobia symptom severity and global clinical adjustment at post-treatment. Interaction effects were supported between parental overprotection and child negative affectivity for post-treatment fearfulness. The direction of these effects differed between fathers and mothers, suggesting that goodness-of-fit is important to consider, and that parent gender may provide additional nuance to considerations of parent-child fit indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dimensional models of personality and personality disorders (PDs) have been widely investigated among individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Nevertheless, DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains showed mixed associations with AUD. Furthermore, no studies have explored the role of DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains on the comorbidity between AUD and different PDs. Objective(s): This study aims at investigating whether DSM-5 maladaptive personality dimensions could differentiate individuals with AUD from normative and healthy controls (HCs) subjects. The study also investigated relationships between these personality dimensions and AUD clinical features (i.e. onset, severity of concurrent substance use disorders), as well as their role in accounting for the comorbidity between AUD and PDs. Methods: This study administered the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to 99 treatment-seeking individuals (male 68.8%; female 31.2%; age: 48.12 (14.32)) with AUD (41 AUD only; 58 AUD with PDs), comparing the participants' levels of PID-5 domains with normative data and the data from a HC sample (N = 40; male 50%; female 50%; age: 48.12 (14.32)). Results: Disinhibition and negative affectivity were relevant maladaptive personality dimensions of AUD, even when controlling for the impact of PD diagnoses. Disinhibition and negative affectivity were associated to the onset of AUD and the severity of concurrent substance use disorders. The co-occurrence of AUD and PDs is related to other two domains, namely antagonism and detachment. Conclusions: AUD is a complex psychopathological disorder in which both externalizing and internalizing aspects determine relevant clinical features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Errors at work can lead to learning but little is known about error attributes and person attributes that make learning more or less likely. This research tested the role of severity of error consequences (error attribute) and trait negative affectivity (person attribute) for learning from error. In two experimental vignette studies, participants responded to written error scenarios that typically happen to university students (Study 1, N = 216) or to employees at work (Study 2, N = 121). In support of the view that error consequences need to be severe enough to attract attention, severity of error consequences increased both affective learning (perceived utility of the error; Studies 1 and 2) and cognitive learning (correctly recalled error scenarios; Study 2). In both studies, trait negative affectivity was associated with decreased affective learning when error consequences were severe (interaction effect). The results suggest that some errors at work – at least errors with minor consequences – may not receive much attention and are easily forgotten. To fully exploit learning opportunities, organizations should give attention to all errors and take them seriously, irrespective of severity of immediate error consequences. Practitioner points: Whether errors in organizations receive attention seems to depend on severity of error consequences, rather than on errors per se and their informational value.This implies that valuable learning opportunities of errors may be missed.To fully exploit learning opportunities, managers should encourage open communication and learning from error and avoid unproductive blaming.This particularly applies to dispositionally anxious individuals who may feel threatened by errors more easily and who may, in turn, respond defensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is uncertainty as to how high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), a marker of an individual's capacity for flexible physiological reactivity, relates to an individual's tendency to experience negative emotions. We propose that both excessively high and excessively low HF‐HRV may reflect maladaptive physiological reactivity tendencies associated with high negative affectivity and that this association may be influenced by the use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitively reappraising negative environmental stimuli to downregulate the experience of negative emotions. The purpose of the current study was to examine the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in the quadratic association between HF‐HRV and negative affectivity. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded at rest for 269 young adults (77% female; M = 19.7 years) who then completed self‐report rating scales assessing trait negative affectivity and trait cognitive reappraisal. As predicted, high and low HF‐HRV were associated with high negative affectivity at low levels of trait cognitive reappraisal. At high levels of trait reappraisal, the quadratic association between HF‐HRV and negative affectivity was not significant. These results suggest that, contrary to traditional views, high HF‐HRV may not always be an adaptive characteristic and may depend on an individual's use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal. High resting high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), an index of flexible physiological reactivity, is typically considered adaptive and associated with low negative affectivity; however, previous studies have produced mixed results. We found that the association between HF‐HRV and negative affectivity was nonlinear and moderated by the use of emotion regulation strategies, specifically cognitive reappraisal. These results suggest that one's tendency to experience negative emotions may be the result of the combined influence of their physiological reactivity and behavioral regulation tendencies and that high HF‐HRV can be maladaptive in certain contexts, such as among individuals with low trait reappraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Starting university education is a crucial period for the mental health of students, who report higher levels of distress compared to the general population. This study sought to better understand the distress experienced by students by considering contextual facets (e.g., housing conditions) as well as stable clinical variables (e.g., negative affectivity, emotion regulation, and anxiety). Methods: A total of 177 University students (71.2% females) aged 18-29 were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Suicidal History Self-Rating Screening Scale, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. Results: University students showed concerning levels of distress, particularly concerning anxiety, and depression. We found that the relationship between negative affectivity and both state and trait anxiety was mediated by alexithymia but housing conditions did not act as a moderator for the indirect effect of negative affectivity on state or trait anxiety through alexithymia. Conclusion: Undoubtedly, university lifestyle can be demanding, but experiencing distress is not inevitable nor inexplicable. The present study sought to gain insight into the anxiety experienced by Italian University students while taking into account the importance of personality and clinical characteristics that have previously been widely underestimated. We found that these characteristics can be of extreme importance for developing preventative and therapeutic interventions tailored to the clinical characteristics of students, as well taking into account their living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video game use becomes problematic when it disrupts the ability to fulfill social and personal responsibilities. It has also been associated with poorer subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affectivity). Research suggests that dispositional (or trait) mindfulness (e.g., general tendency to have focused awareness of the present moment, with acceptance) is associated with greater subjective well-being. Building on research on dispositional mindfulness' protective role against other problematic behaviours (e.g., pathological gambling), this study assessed its influence on the relationship between problematic gaming and subjective well-being. A sample of 514 frequent gamers (37.9% female; M age = 22.56 years, SD = 4.3) completed an online survey. Structural equation modelling revealed that dispositional mindfulness partially negatively mediated the relationship between problematic gaming and both life satisfaction and negative affectivity while fully positively mediating that between problematic gaming and positive affectivity, suggesting dispositional mindfulness may be clinically useful in problematic gaming prevention and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the role of temperament traits on weight and eating problems thus far. We investigated whether temperament in preadolescence influences body weight and the development of eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood. Method: This study used data from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch community cohort study (N = 2,230) from preadolescence into adulthood. At age 11, the temperament dimensions negative affectivity and effortful control were measured with the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire‐Revised. Body mass index (BMI) was measured at all assessment waves. At age 19, the prevalence of eating disorders was investigated by two‐stage screening including interviews by eating disorder experts. At age 22 and 26, the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale was used to assess the level of eating pathology. Results: Higher negative affectivity in preadolescence was associated with higher BMI and eating pathology in young adulthood. Lower effortful control in preadolescence was found to be a risk factor for the development of obesity in young adulthood. No association was found between effortful control in preadolescence and eating pathology in later life. Discussion Both negative affectivity and effortful control play a role in the development of weight or eating problems during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sex differences in the behaviour of children exposed to prenatal maternal depression and anxiety have been reported. This study compared depression and anxiety symptoms reported by mothers at term with maternal perceptions of one year old male and female infant temperament and with researcher observed infant characteristics, identifying differences for males and females with both approaches.Methods: Infant behaviour and temperament was assessed via maternally completed questionnaires including Infant Behavioural Questionnaire Revised - Short form and by researcher administered subcomponents of Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III.Results: For female infants, higher prenatal scores for depression and anxiety were associated with maternal perceptions of lower bonding, higher aggression and negativity, and lower soothability (n = 67 mother-infant dyads). In the laboratory assessment, intensity of escape was the only female infant factor significantly associated with maternal mood (n = 41). For male infants, there was minimal association between prenatal mood scores and maternal perceptions (n = 46) whereas in the laboratory assessment (n = 35) depression scores were associated with expressive language, facial interest and facial fear while anxiety scores were associated with expressive and receptive language, parent behaviour and facial fear.Limitations: Findings may be restricted to a single ethnicity or mode of delivery. Fewer infants attended the infant assessment. A laboratory setting may mask symptomatology in females.Conclusions: Atypical maternal perceptions may present a barrier to the early identification of male infants impacted by maternal depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Service Industries Journal is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many psychological factors influence the onset and prognosis of heart disease, among the most studied, there are personality traits, depressive and anxious experiences. Type D personality, characterized by high levels of social inhibition and negative affectivity, is associated with unfavourable prognosis for cardiac patients. Depressive and anxious symptoms influence the onset of cardiac disorders, the management of the disease and their impact on quality of life. Aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of cardiac rehabilitation on social inhibition, negative affectivity, anxious and depressive symptoms in cardiac patients. Patients were recruited at the Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit of Cittadella Hospital, after an acute cardiac event, they were enrolled to attend a cardiac rehabilitation program. Patients were administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Type D Scale (DS-14). Results showed significant differences between the pre- and post-test evaluation: a decrease in the Negative Affectivity subscale (DS-14) and in the Anxiety subscale and emotional distress (HADS). Other differences resulted with respect to the sociodemographic variables, particularly unmarried patients showed higher levels of anxiety at the post-test with respect to married patients, also working patients showed lower levels of depression than those who were unemployed or retired because having a job helps patients to feel less depressed because they can concentrate their resources and thoughts on other things that are not just the disease. The study demonstrated that Cardiac Rehabilitation has beneficial effects on the psychological state of patients to stimulate awareness of the disease, modification of its perception and exchange of information valuable to reorganize private and professional lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To extend our understanding of the proximal etiology of personality pathology, this study examined the dynamic, in-the-moment relations between mindfulness and negative affectivity (NA; emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity) as defined by the alternative model for personality disorders. We tested predictions based upon the Monitor and Acceptance Theory that when people monitored their attention judgmentally, their state NA would be higher than usual; by contrast, when they monitored their attention nonjudgmentally, their state NA would be lower than usual. Sixty-five undergraduates participated in an experience sampling study wherein they completed five reports per day for eight days about their states of mindfulness and NA. Multi-level models revealed an interaction wherein participants exhibited more state NA when they monitored their attention judgmentally than when they monitored their attention nonjudgmentally. Analyses of simple slopes revealed that participants exhibited more state NA than usual when they monitored their attention judgmentally. These findings emerged for only one of two attention monitoring processes, however: monitoring relations between thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, but not monitoring sensory stimuli. Analyses including non-reactivity instead of nonjudgment replicated these findings. Implications for theory, research, and treatment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensation seeking has been widely studied when investigating individual differences in the propensity for taking risks. However, risk taking can serve many different goals beyond the simple management of physiological arousal. The present study is an investigation of affect self-regulation as a predictor of risk- taking behaviors in high-risk sport. Risk-taking behaviors, negative affectivity, escape self-awareness strategy, and sensation seeking data were obtained from 265 high-risk sportsmen. Moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed significant main and interaction effects of negative affectivity and escape self- awareness strategy in predicting risk-taking behaviors: high-risk sportsmen's negative affectivity leads them to adopt risk-taking behaviors only if they also use escape self-awareness strategy. Furthermore, the affective model remained significant when controlling for sensation seeking. The present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of risk taking in high-risk sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to find out the elements that alleviate the stress of technology in the department of human resources and illustrate the effects of technostress inhibitors on employee organizational commitment, employee satisfaction towards their job, negative affectivity, and technology-enabled performance. The study used self-administrative and online questionnaires to collect the data. A structural equational modeling technique has been used to analyze the results. Findings illustrated that top management human resource technical support has a significant and negative impact on human resource technical work stress. Moreover, results also identified that human resource technical work stress has a positive and significant impact on negative affectivity and technology-enabled performance. However, the research is the first that considers the Department of Human Resource Management in order to evaluate the combined attitude toward work that is influenced by human resources technologies in Pakistan. Past literature has already considered the reaction of users towards the aspects of human resource technologies and the perception of shareholders. Thus, this study will contribute to the field of human resources and academia as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This 19-year prospective study applied a social development lens to the challenge of identifying long-term predictors of adult negative affectivity. A diverse community sample of 169 individuals was repeatedly assessed from age 13 to age 32 using self-, parent-, and peer-reports. As hypothesized, lack of competence establishing and maintaining close friendships in adolescence had a substantial long-term predictive relation to negative affectivity at ages 27-32, even after accounting for prior depressive, anxious, and externalizing symptoms. Predictions also remained robust after accounting for concurrent levels of depressive symptoms, indicating that findings were not simply an artifact of previously established links between relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Predictions also emerged from poor peer relationships within young adulthood to future relative increases in negative affectivity by ages 27-32. Implications for early identification of risk as well as for potential preventive interventions are discussed.

The main aim of the present study was the evaluation of dynamic relationships between dimensions of temperament and motor coordination in 3–7-year-old children in Greece. More specifically, the main objectives of the current study were the test outcomes regarding the psychometric properties (structural validity and internal consistency) of the Greek versions of (a) the Child Behavior Questionnaire—very short format (CBQ—VSF), and (b) the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). For the purposes of the present study, 231 parents (202 women and 29 men), aged 23–53 years (mean (M) = 36.7 and standard deviation (SD) = 5.4) completed the aforementioned questionnaires. The sample consisted of 231 children (110 girls and 121 boys) aged 3–7 years (M = 4.75 years and SD = 1.30). For the DCDQ, the confirmatory factor analysis revealed three factors consistent with the factors that emerged from the constructs, with strong internal consistency reliability. Furthermore, regarding the CBQ—VSF, which measures the dimensions of temperament, the implementation of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated three factors and satisfactory internal consistency reliability, as well. Finally, path analysis revealed that temperamental effortful control, which mirrors both inhibitory and self-regulatory capacity, has a positive effect on motor coordination.

Objective: To investigate the relation of psychological flexibility, the core of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), to negative affectivity and happiness in college students. Methods:Cross-lagged design was used and 181 students participated in surveys twice with 2-month interval. The Acceptance and Action Question naire-11 (AAQ-11), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ) were used to measure psychological flexibility ("open up", "be present", and "doing what matters" respectively). The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure negative affectivity and Well-being Index (1WB) was used to measure happiness. Mplus7.0 was used to measure cross-lagged models. Three separative models for the three functions of psychological flexibility and one combined models including all three functions of psychological flexibility were analyzed Results:In the cross-lagged analysis with the divided model, "open up" (β=-0.10) and "be present" (β=-0.12) could predict negative affectivity two months later, but this prediction was not significant in the full model. In the full model,"open up" could significantly predict happiness (β=0.28), "doing what matters" could predict happiness (β=0.26) and negative affectivity (β=-0.15). Conclusion: Overall, psychological flexibility could significantly predict negative affectivity and happiness eight weeks later. The predictive effects of "open up", "be present", and "doing what matters" varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who anticipate the potential regret of one's decisions are believed to act in a more risk-averse manner and, thus, display fewer risk-taking behaviors across many domains. We conducted two studies to investigate whether individual differences in regret-based decision-making (a) reflect a unitary cognitive-style dimension, (b) are stable over time, and (c) predict later risk-taking behavior. In Study 1, 332 participants completed a regret-based decision-making style scale (RDS) to evaluate its psychometric qualities. In Study 2, participants (N = 119) were tested on two separate occasions to assess the association between RDS and risk-taking. At Time 1, participants completed the RDS, as well as trait measures of anxiety and depression. One month later, they completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and state mood (Positive/Negative affect) scales. The RDS had a sound unidimensional factorial structure and was stable over time. Further, higher reported RDS scores were significantly associated with less risk-taking on the BART, holding other variables constant. These studies suggest that individual differences in regret-based decision-making may lead to a more cautious approach to real-world risk behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-medical use of prescription opioids is an area of increasing public health concern, particularly among young college-age adults (ages 18-25) who demonstrate an increased risk of opioid-related problems. Negative mood states are consistently associated with more severe non-medical use of opioid. Emotion dysregulation defined an impaired ability to understand, evaluate, and differentiate one's emotions, and access strategies to regulate them could play an explanatory role in this association. The present study examined the potential explanatory role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between negative affectivity and non-medical use of prescription opioid among a racially/ethnically diverse young adult sample (N = 2080, 78.7% female, Mage = 21.9, SD = 4.9) attending a large southwestern state university, and across the two sub-samples of individuals with and without pain. Results indicated that emotion dysregulation explained, in part, the association between negative affectivity and non-medical use of opioid-related variables, including self-reported addiction to opioids, denial of opioid prescription by a healthcare provider, and family concerns about participant's opioid use. These indirect effects were comparable across individuals with and without pain. Findings suggest that targeting emotion dysregulation may be one therapeutic strategy to reduce non-medical use of opioid in the context of negative affectivity among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The investigation aimed to explore the association between personality traits, stressful life events, quality of life on anthropometric characteristics (waist/height ratio and percentage of visceral fat). Method: A total of 227 participants took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Type-D Scale (DS-14), EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and demographic questionnaire. Two anthropometric parameters were measured: Waist/height ratio and Percentage of the visceral fat. Results: The average age of participants was 39.6±12.9 years, 60.4% women. The 41.8% of participants were overweight or obese. Regression analysis found a significant link between Harm-avoidance and EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) with Waist/height ratio in women and Reward dependence and Cooperativeness with Waist/height ratio in men. In regression analysis, the score of life events (SRRS) has statistically significant linked to Percentage of the visceral fat in women. The regression analysis also found a significant link between Novelty seeking, DS14, Negative affectivity, and EQ-5D VAS with Percentage of the visceral fat in women. Conclusion: Significant associations between live events, personality traits, and body anthropometric measures were recognized. The differences were recognized between women and men. Outcomes propose some promising tools by which personality factors may influence overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Despite widespread use, few studies have evaluated the factor structure of the Positive and Negative Affectivity Scales (PANAS) in adults. Following renewed interest in bi-factor formulations, such a model has recently been suggested as fitting PANAS data better than earlier two- or three-factor models. Study 1 compared four models using responses from Australian adults in two timeframes (state, n = 1059; trait, n = 1333). Results showed an uncorrelated two-factor structure. Three factors improved the model fit somewhat. However, Gaudreau et al.'s model yielded two highly correlated negative factors, while the bi-factor model revealed a weak and non-replicated general factor. Study 2 (n = 334) investigated the concurrent validity of the four PANAS models in the context of Eysenck's and Grey's fundamental personality models. Gaudreau et al.'s third factor and the general factor in the bi-factor model were shown to reflect neuroticism/behavioural inhibition. Further investigation in the context of the tripartite model found no unique role for the afraid factor and a switch from NA to the general factor in the prediction of anhedonia, depression and anxiety. Conclusion Despite the allure of marginally better fitting three-factor models, Ockham's razor suggests that the two-factor solution remains the preferred model for the PANAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidences from the extant literature suggest that problem gamblers show higher cognitive distortions and reported experiencing higher levels of negative affective states than recreational gamblers. Furthermore, several studies reported that the more the gambling severity, the poorer the performance in behavioral tasks assessing affective decision-making. Although gambling research on decision-making has mostly focused on the functional or dysfunctional outcomes of the decisional process, no study examined the role of decision-making styles in gambling disorder. This study aimed to first investigate the interplay among negative affectivity, cognitive distortions, and decision-making styles in adolescent problem gambling. Four hundred and twenty-five adolescents, aged between 14 and 19 years, completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents to assess problem gambling, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 to measure negative affective states, and the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale as a measure of cognitive distortions about gambling, and the General Decision-Making Style tapping habitual patterns which individuals use in decision-making. Data were submitted to correlational analysis, univariate and mixed-model ANOVAs, and hierarchical regression analysis. Regression analysis indicated that, along with gender, interpretative bias and inability to stop gambling, depression, and spontaneous decision-making style significantly predicted gambling severity. These results extend further previous studies on the role of misconceptions about gambling, and negative affective states in adolescent gambling, and, interestingly, first demonstrate that also maladaptive decision-making styles may represent a risk factor for gambling disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental-health patients may report more symptoms than they actually experience. Experts and laypeople often view this overreporting as a sign of malingering. We show that there are multiple pathways to symptom overreporting: carryover effects from previous tests that lower the threshold for answering affirmatively to symptom items, suggestive misinformation that escalates symptom reports, inattentive responding that promotes indiscriminate endorsement of symptoms, and personality traits that bias symptom reports in an upward direction. A one-sided focus on malingering may distract from a research agenda that may contribute to knowledge accumulation in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annoyance to unwanted sound differs across individuals, though why noise sensitive individuals are more reactive to noise while others are more resilient remains unanswered. The Information Processing Hypothesis posits that noise sensitive individuals are vulnerable to higher-order auditory processing deficits. The aim of this study was to test the veracity of this hypothesis by documenting differences in pre-attentive auditory evoked potentials (ERP) between high noise sensitive and low noise sensitive individuals. Participants provided annoyance measures for three amplitude-modulated sounds, and were exposed to the sounds while undergoing electroencephalogram recording. Results indicated that annoyance increased with modulation, and that modulation affected both N1 and P2 components. At the group level, highly noise sensitive individuals exhibited significantly greater annoyance to a low-frequency tone, alongside significantly higher P2 amplitude, than individuals reporting low levels of noise sensitivity. Overall, the results partially supported the Information Processing Hypothesis of noise sensitivity, but also suggest that acoustic features may be more important than hitherto argued. • Noise sensitivity is poorly understood but over-represented in clinical populations. • The N1, N2 and P2 are associated with the amplitude modulation of sounds. • Noise sensitivity may reflect dysfunctional filtering as indexed by the P2 and N2. • Over-processing may increase cognitive load in noise sensitive individuals. • Noise sensitivity has psychophysiological markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The present study examined to what extent sixth-grade students' academic buoyancy and temperament contributed to their school-related stress. A total of 845 students rated their school-related stress at the beginning and end of the school year and their academic buoyancy at the beginning of the year. Parents rated students' effortful control and negative affectivity. The results showed that high academic buoyancy, high effortful control, and low negative affectivity at the beginning of the school year were related to lower school-related stress at the end of the school year, after controlling for gender, GPA, and previous level of stress. Effortful control and negative affectivity had no significant interaction effect with academic buoyancy on students' school-related stress. The findings of the study suggest that interventions aiming at supporting students' academic buoyancy may also decrease their feelings of school stress. In particular, students with high negative affectivity or low effortful control may need training in stress management skills. Highlights • Sixth-grade students' school-related stress was studied over one school year. • Academic buoyancy predicted low school stress, controlling for prior stress level. • The effect of buoyancy remained after controlling for gender, GPA, and temperament. • Effortful control and negative affectivity also had unique effects on school stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occurrences of abusive supervision are steadily rising. Previous studies have tried to explain the influence of abusive leadership on workplace outcomes from perspectives of organizational justice and leader-member exchange based on the social exchange theory. Yet, a need exists for new explanations and mechanisms related to the influence of abusive leadership. As such, this paper aims to discover new mechanisms of abusive leadership effect. Drawing from social cognitive and affective events theories, we establish a dual process model to investigate how abusive leadership affects employees' helping behaviors from motivational and emotional perspectives. We examine whether employees' self-efficacy and negative affectivity mediate the relationship between abusive leadership and helping behaviors. The data were collected from 262 employees in China. The results indicate that abusive leadership has a negative impact on helping behaviors. Self-efficacy plays a role as a mediator, while negative affectivity does not play a role as a mediator in the abusive leadership—helping behavior relationship. Organizations should spend much time and money training managers to change their abusive behavior patterns. Managers should be responsible for keeping and enhancing employees' confidence as well as avoiding the negative emotions caused by leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful emotion regulation (ER) is a central aspect of psychosocial functioning and mental health and is thought to improve and be refined in adolescence. Past research on ER has mainly focused on one-time measurements of habitual ER. Linking regulatory strategies to emotions in daily lives is key to understanding adolescents' emotional lives. Using an Experience Sampling Method with 78 adolescents (Mage = 13.91, SDage = .95, 66% girls), we investigated the use, selection, and success in down-regulating negative emotions of eight ER strategies across 44 assessments. Acceptance was the strategy employed most often followed by problem-solving, rumination, distraction, avoidance, reappraisal, social support, and suppression. Interestingly, negativity of the event influenced the use of ER strategies: With low intensity negative emotions, acceptance was more likely to be used, and with high intensity negative emotions, suppression, problem-solving, distraction, avoidance, social support, and rumination were more likely to be used. With regard to success, multilevel models revealed that problem-solving, reappraisal, and acceptance were more successful in down-regulating negative emotions than rumination. Further, among girls, no relations between the momentary use of ER strategies and depressive symptoms was found. Among boys, a negative relation between acceptance and depressive symptoms emerged. Results from this study suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between the intensity of negative emotions and ER strategies and that gender differences may exist. Taken together, this study showed which ER strategies are used by a healthy adolescent sample, and these results are discussed with regard to their theoretical and practical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysfunctional affective processes are central to the experience of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, and related disorders). Specifically, extreme positive affect and elevated negative affect each have unique and robust patterns of associations with internalizing symptoms. This article examines affect as both an individual difference and a within-person dynamic process that unfolds over time. Recent research is reviewed that clarifies the hierarchical structure of affect and facet-level associations with symptoms, affect-laden traits that confer risk for internalizing psychopathology, models of emotion regulation, and how emotion regulation abilities and strategies contribute to or detract from psychological well-being. Several measurement challenges in this literature are identified and discussed, including possible conceptual and content overlap, mood-state distortion, naturalistic assessment in daily life, and the benefits and limitations of self-reported affective experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative affectivity (NA) is associated with the emergence and persistence of physical symptoms with unclear organic pathology. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of NA and somatic symptom burden using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in adults with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and healthy control participants (HC). Participants underwent a seven-day, smartphone-based EMA, with 6 randomly-stratified time points per day. NA was assessed using a five-item short form of the Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale (PANAS) and somatic symptom burden with two self-constructed items. 22 persons with SSD and 20 HCs were included in multilevel analyses. Within-person analyses showed a significantly stronger (positive) association of concurrent NA with somatic symptom burden in participants with SSD than in HCs, β = 0.15, SE = 0.04, p =.001. Time-lagged analyses demonstrated that, across groups, NA at a previous time point t -1 significantly predicted somatic symptom burden at the subsequent timepoint t , β = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p =.005, but not in the other direction (somatic symptom burden t-1 → NA t , β = 0.01, SE = 0.04, p =.79). Between-person analyses showed that both inertia (i.e., persistence of negative affective states), d = 0.74, and instability (i.e., magnitude of moment-to-moment fluctuations), d = 0.76 of NA were significantly higher in participants with SSD than in HCs. Our findings sustain the idea of (negative) affect-driven modulation in somatic signal processing and suggest that interoceptive and emotional differentiation training can advance the psychotherapeutic treatment of SSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family mealtimes are associated with benefits for children, including healthy eating, fewer behavior problems, and healthy psychological well-being. However, the interactions during family mealtimes, and the parent and child characteristics, which may affect both the family mealtime environment and the associated benefits in children are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to examine the role of child and parent characteristics on the family mealtime environment. We tested several mediation models to explain how child temperament (negative affectivity), parent stress, and the dimensions of parent feeding style (responsiveness and demandingness) interact and influence each other to impact the structure and quality of the mealtime environment. Parents (68 mothers; 82 fathers) of children between 2 and 6 years completed an online survey. Measures included the Children's Behavior Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Caregiver's Feeding Styles Questionnaire, and The Meals in Our Household Questionnaire. Child negative affectivity was associated with poorer mealtime quality and structure. These associations were mediated through parent responsiveness, but not demandingness. The role of demandingness in family mealtimes may depend on parent responsiveness. When examined together in a serial mediation model, child negative affectivity increased parent stress, which reduced responsiveness, and led to poorer mealtime quality and structure. These results emphasize the complex relationships between child temperament, parent stress, and the dimensions of parenting styles that occur within the mealtime context. This line of research is essential for understanding family mealtime dynamics and informing future studies aimed at creating positive interactions between parents and children during mealtimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is a matter of concern for many organizations because it represents a potential for an extensive range of negative performance and psycho-social outcomes for organization and its members and it results in enormous losses to organizations. Objectives: To assess the effect of yoga on working professionals and its role in the reduction of CWB by overcoming issues of stress, anxiety, aggression, and negative emotions. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled pre- and post-test study conducted. Study sample included yoga group (n = 80) and control group (n = 80). Yoga module that included asanas, pranayama, meditation, and yogic theory lectures were taught to the yoga group. Mild to moderate physical exercises and management lectures were taught to the control group. Both groups received intervention for ten weeks, covering 1 hour daily, 5 days a week. Measurements of self-reported CWBs were taken as baseline and post intervention for assessment. Within group, comparison was performed in paired t-test and between group comparisons was performed in the analysis of covariance with baseline score as a covariate. Gender difference for CWB scores was measured in an independent t-test. The relationship between variables was investigated using Pearson correlation. Results: Yoga group reported statistically significant reduction in CWB in comparison to the control group. The gender difference was observed in the case of CWB scores. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of yoga practices as viable and costs effective solution in reducing CWB at the workplace and its predictors such as stress, negative affectivity, and aggression. There seems to be a great deal of assurance in the yoga session if conducted at workplace toward getting numerous benefits on the mental and physical health of employees and substantial savings for employers from losses.