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Machine learning methods are very widely used in helping human work. Not all data is as we expected. Some data have missing values. Data that has a missing value must be handled first at the pre-processing stage, one of which is by the imputation of the missing value. This study is comparing the imputation method of missing value uses mode and One-Dimensional Na1ve Bayes Classifier (1DNBC) to determine the performance analysis by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for the prediction of car insurance participation. A better method is seen from the accuracy. Based on the simulation is obtained the same results for imputation using mode and One-Dimensional Na1ve Bayes are 1.00, which when examined further turns out to be the imputation of each missing value with the mode and prediction of imputation with One-Dimensional Na1ve Bayes are the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the convergence behavior of Discrete Kirchhoff Mindlin Triangular (DKMT) element in skew plate problems. The DKMT element has three nodes with 3 degrees of freedom (dof) on each node. Not only for a thin plate, but the DKMT element is also valid to be used for thick plate structures. The DKMT element is further reformulated to analyze skew FGM plate problem. FGM has high-temperature resistance and eliminates stress differences between materials (delamination). The properties of FGM that used in this paper are metal and ceramic. Metal is a material that is resistant to structural flexibility, while ceramic is a material that is resistant to high temperatures. The aim of the numerical tests for the skew plate problems is to show the convergence behavior of the DKMT element in FGM structures. The central displacement of skew FGM plate is then compared to the reference solutions. Different boundary conditions, types of meshing, ratio L/h, and power-law index are evaluated. The DKMT element gives good results on skew FGM plate problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capital city in every country has an important role. One of them is for the central of government. A capital city is selected by considering many aspects. These include location which is in the middle of the country, and history which was happened before. On the middle of 2019, Indonesian's President announced that Indonesian's capital city will be shifted from Jakarta to East Kalimantan. The statement makes a lot of public opinions especially in social media Twitter. The opinions can be used for sentiment analysis. This research aims to classify the information of public sentiments about Indonesian's capital city changes. The classification divided by two class which are positive sentiments and negative sentiments. The classification method that used in this sentiment analysis research is Support Vector Machine (SVM) with three function method, which are linear function, Radial Basis Function (RBF), and sigmoid function. The process include text mining, text preprocessing, analyze using SVM, data classification, and visualization. From the result of classification, linear function is the best function on this research with the accuracy value is 96,93% with 97,81% specificity value and 95% sensitivity value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weakness of an outdoor solar water heater (SWH) experiments is the difficulty in determining its thermal behavior. The fluctuation of solar radiation intensity causes the supply of energy received by SWH also fluctuate. The result is that the thermal behavior of the SWH cannot be known for specific parameters. This paper aims to investigate the thermal behavior of an active type SWH containing paraffin wax using the constant heat flux method. A phase change material (PCM) inserted into the capsule. The capsules were arranged in a tank to form a heat exchanger (HE). The thermocouples were mounted both on the waterside and the PCM side. The solar simulator installed on the top of the collector, and the SHW system placed indoors. The heat flux and water flow were set at 1000 W/m2 and 2 LPM, respectively. The temperatures of water and PCM for 143 minutes charging recorded. The data obtained were used to analyze the thermal behavior of water and PCM. The results showed that the average heating rate of water and PCM was 0.227 °C/min and 0.205 °C/min, respectively. The value of this adjacent average heating rate shows that HE has functioned well in removing heat energy from water. The accumulated thermal energy produced was 13.08 MJ. Indoor experiments can reveal the thermal behavior of the SWH-PCM systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chrome metal coating industry can produce toxic waste, and if it is disposed of freely, it will cause severe contamination of soil and water. Chrome metal pollution needs to be minimized, considering the impact caused besides polluting the environment also disrupts human health and other living things. Measures to reduce or even eliminate these hazards by treating waste before being discharged into free water. Wastewater technology that contains heavy metals can be reduced using bioremediation. Research has been carried out on samples of metal coating industry wastewater containing heavy metal chromium with 2.5161 ppm on initial levels. Bacillus subtilis bacteria with various concentrations with unit cells/ml (102.5 and 105) were added to the samples and stored for two days. Chromatic metal levels after bioremediation were measured by spectrophotometry. Bioremediation with Bacillus subtilis can reduce chromium metal content by 91.33% and 80.24% at concentrations of 102.5 and 105. Bacillus subtilis were 102.5 cells/ml lower chromium metal levels higher than that of Bacillus subtilis 105 cells/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small power plant based on biomass gasification technology is attractive to provide electricity to many remote areas without fossil fuel access because biomass is locally available and contributes to net-zero carbon emissions in the terms of a greenhouse gas component. Palm kernel shell is a potential biomass in Indonesia to provide energy needs. It is available in scattered areas that are economical for a small-scale power plant operation up to 200 kW. The gasification technology converts the shell into combustible gases, which are also known as producer gases with carbon monoxide and hydrogen as the main components for fuelling a gas generator set resulting in carbon dioxide and water in the flue gas. Although palm kernel shell considered carbon-neutral, a power plant based on biomass gasification also emits CO2 indirectly as a result of the fossil fuel combustion during shell generation in a palm oil mill, handling and transportation from the mill to the power plant. A power plant based on the palm kernel shell gasification system produces greenhouse gases and solid residue as char and tarry components in the producer gas. This assessment examined the global warming potential level of a 5-kW power plant based on palm kernel gasification technology using a Gate-to-Gate approach to develop system improvement scenarios. All carbon dioxide emissions were predicted with an openLCA database of Environmental Footprint (MID-point indicator). The mass and energy balance calculations resulted in the amount of generated char. A laboratory experiment was conducted to observe tar content in the producer gas. It was found that the power plant emits 1.69 kg CO2 eq/kWh, produces 0.33 kg char/kWh and the producer gas contains 2.70 × 10−4 kg tar/kWh. It is recommended that when using palm kernel gasification for electricity generation, plant managers should consider char as a solid conditioner in a palm plantation area and implement a tar removal system to minimize gas genset failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acataract is an eye disease that is the leading cause of blindness. Based on Vision 2020 predicted, about 1,270 people each day will become blind because of it. Therefore, there needs to be a way to identify cataracts for its prevention. The fundus image datasets are from the Kaggle dataset, which is consists of normal fundus images and cataract fundus images. The data will be processed first and then be trained to get the best model using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method, where this method uses several layers to find the weight and bias values as processing to find the best model. However, the CNN process takes quite a lot of time and costs. In consequence, optimization will be carried out. It can improve accuracy and speed up the processing time. In this study, image classification will be carried out with the CNN model and Lookahead optimizer. As a result, using the Kaggle dataset of cataracts, the algorithm can distinguish the label of images. CNN AlexNet architecture with the Lookahead optimizer on SGD and Adam. Also increases accuracy Adam about 20% and improve optimizer SGD about 2.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat source is one of the four important parameters in geothermal systems of reservoir layers, caprock layers, and fractures. Its existence will cause a very significant difference between the aquifer layer and the geothermal reservoir layer. Unfortunately, the most geothermal issue is focused on fractures and clay cap layers since the MT (magnetotelluric) method is sensitive to response to the conductive clay cap. The MT and gravity method are two powerful geophysical methods to implement in geothermal exploration. The gravity data mostly used to prompt either structure or reservoir layer. Therefore, the gravity data here will be used to map the geothermal heat source in the Mt. Lawu geothermal system. The tilt angle or tilt derivative method is applied to delineate the area and determine the depth of the heat source. The vertical derivative value of gravity obtained from upward continuation with h = 200, 400, and 600 m above sea level. The result shows that the depth of heat source in the Lawu geothermal system is estimated to be at a depth of 900 - 2896 m below sea level in the southern part of the study area. These hot rocks degrade from the South toward the Northeast of the suspected caldera zone. There is also an indication of a fault that allegedly connects the reservoir layer and the fumarole manifestation zone in the Northeast study area. Structures in this area are looking likely dominated by a normal fault and among them form a graben structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between the surface of the material and the ionic solution can cause many different effects on the material. One impact that might occur is material swelling. The swelling of the polymer in the form of thin films causes changes in the mechanical property of the materials. Swelling results in an expansion of the volume of the polymer. In turn, it changes molecular density, modulus of elasticity of the film, and penetration of solution to the polymer. When the polymer film is deposited on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor, the change in the mechanical affects the sensor's resonant frequency. This study shows ionic strength with an average effect of the concentration of potassium chloride on a polymer film mixed between polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and the crown-ether (CE) associated with changes in the frequency of the coated sensor. Minimum impedance measurements show that changes in the mechanical properties of the thin film are observed. The resonant frequency of the QCM sensor decrease with time when interacting with a potassium chloride solution. While the minimum impedance at series resonance remains constant. Distilled water and KCl solution, which is varied, are used to analyze the effects of swelling that occur. The result shows that the amount of the frequency decrease depends on the concentration of the KCl solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air quality decreases due to the increase in air pollutants generated by motor vehicles that have a negative impact on human health. Generally, the pollutants can be gaseous and particulate matter. PM2.5 are particulate matters having diameters less than 2.5 µm, respectively. This research was aimed to design a measurement system of PM2.5 concentration. A PM NOVA SDS011 and a microcontroller ATmega328P were used as the sensor and the processing system. The principle of the sensor was based on the change of the particulate concentration to a voltage. The particulate PM2.5 concentration was displayed on an LCD. The system was completed by a LoRa SX1278 module to data communication. The performance of the system was tested based on the ability to measuring PM2.5 concentration and data communication in a varied distance. The result showed that the system worked well in measuring the PM2.5 concentration in the range of 0-1000 µg/m3. The resolution was 1 µg/m3. The system can be used to measure PM2.5 with a distance of up to 200 meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration of energy consumption and its impact on the environment has been driving the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HYAC) industry to develop and test more energy-efficient units. The Air Handling Unit (AHU) is one of the important components of the HYAC system that has undergone a lot of improvements in terms of energy efficiency through increased coil surface area, thus its unit size. Yariation of AHU models requires energy performance testing and rating standard which is currently guided by ASHRAE Standard 37. The standard provides a limited guideline on the distance between the floor and the inlet duct length of the vertical AHU units which, although giving flexibility during testing, can lead to the variation of testing results of the same unit. This study uses a computational approach and experiment result to examine the effect of floor distance on the air velocity profile and fan power of a vertical ducting arrangement for an AHU unit. The unit geometry specification is obtained from the experimental campaign at Oklahoma State University, USA as part of ASHRAE research project. The results indicate that for all cases the air velocity 1 m downstream the opening is well distributed. The experiment also shows that different floor distances do not have a big influence on fan power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the emerging issues in the development of infrastructure is how to design and build a new building that is more sustainable as well as retrofitting existing building towards resources energy saving. Improved design and appropriate intervention to the building may reduce its energy consumption and increase its ecological performance. This paper evaluates the design and performance of Bank Jateng office in Jepara, Central Java in terms of its resources intensity with simulation concept. EnergyPlus application would be used to provide a metrics-driven approach in the evaluation then the analysis with DesignBuilder. As resources efficiency is considered in the building operation, then, the paper explores some of the scenarios that works better to the building response to the local climate in reducing and saving resources energy consumption. The prediction of the identifying resources energy saving criteria were then evaluated. An environmental analysis tool then was employed to carry out in-depth analysis of the building 3D model to some to the best scenarios and optimize the design. This research is gain positive insight in improving building design in terms of its resources saving that in turn will be beneficial for the energy saving [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A measurement of physical quantities requires the right technique to do it. This is done to obtain the characteristics of the system and an accurate measuring sensor. With accurate measurements, the quality of a sensor or measurement system can be known precisely. Educational method about measuring and calibrating a measuring instrument and control require practical and relevant media to be implemented directly in the field. This article discusses the devising of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system to measure, read and process the physical quantities of weather conditions. The weather conditions mentioned are; temperature and humidity, intensity of sunlight, rainfall, also wind speed and direction. The reading of these quantities was carried out with analog and digital sensors integrated with the ESP 8266 microcontroller. This sensory system was placed in the field station. The results of reading and processing on the microcontroller are uploaded to the online server. A client system, called a base station, requests periodic sensor data to the server. The results of data acquisition are then processed again in Raspberry Pi media to be displayed in layers and stored in Excel form. The results of this study can be used for calibration media analog and digital sensors that can measure the quantities measured by weather stations. Stored data can also be used as a learning medium Measurement analysis and characterization of measuring instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straw is a by-product found in rice production at harvest. As a by-product, rice straw generally is not a useful product and is burnt directly, as commonly found in Lombok island, Indonesia. On this island, rice straw, as a biomass product is directly burnt as a biomass burning activity and well-known to contribute to air pollution. On the other side, biomass burning is a complex system in which many types of gaseous and particulate matter emissions occur. Ultrafine particle is one of the particulate matter emissions in which having a diameter of less than 0.1 µm and is well-known to be related to serious health effects. Thus, this study was aimed to characterize the emission factor of rice straw combustion of Lombok Island in terms of ultrafine particle emission. The study used an exposure chamber with a dimension of 40 × 40 x 25 cm3. The biomass sample was burnt in a furnace, while the emission was sucked into an exposure chamber with a constant flow-rate. The ultrafine particle concentration was measured using a TSI P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter Model 8525 for a certain time. At the last time, the burnt mass of the rice straw was also measured. The results showed that the emission factor is related to the speed of biomass burning. There is significant correlation between velocity and the ultrafine particle emission factors. The highest velocity on the combustion process has the smallest emission factor, 1 × 107 particles/ mg of the burnt biomass. On the other side, the lowest combustion speed generates the highest emission factor, 11 × 107 particles/ mg of the burnt biomass. The faster burning of rice straw biomass, the lower emission factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water supply at an institute is essential. How much water is needed depends on the institute's water use needs. So far, the Instituto Profissional de Canossa (IPDC) has placed a tank or reservoir for water supply on the roof of the construction to collect water taken from its source, from wells on the ground that have been installed with water pumps. In order not to run out of water or wastewater on the tank, an operator is required to check it directly every day, thus wasting time and energy trying to check the water reservoir. With the problems faced, the authors encouraged to build a prototype of IoT-based system: Design Monitoring Water Tank, which is used to monitor changes in the volume of water in the container using device devices such as smartphones, computers, or laptops, and tablets. The prototype design is connecting the ultrasonic sensor with Arduino UNO then the location inside the tank is the function of the ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level in the tank. Arduino UNO will send the captured data earlier to the ESP8266 WiFi and access the device. By building a prototype, the author can help water operators reduce the waste of time and energy in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid industrial growth leads to environmental problems, including room noise problems. Noise-reducing materials in the market have not fully reduced the maximum noise intensity to 85 dB yet according to the standard quality of room noise. On the other hand, the plywood industry produces sawdust waste that has not been widely used. The synthesis of noise reduction material with sawdust waste additives is the right alternative. This research aims to synthesize and characterize the polyurethane-urea/plywood sawdust waste (PUU/IPSW) biofoam as a noise reducing material. The PUU/IPSW biofoam synthesis method is performed using a one shot process technique with variations in waste composition of 0 - 5% (w/w), maleic anhydric (MAH) 0.1% (w/w) as a coupling agent and ethylenediamine (EDA) of 1% (w/w) as a chain extender. Structural identification of biofoam was carried out using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The acoustic test was carried out according to ASTM-E1050 standards. From the visual observation, it shows that PUU/IPSW biofoam has physical characteristics of the yellow-brown color and soft-hard texture. Based on FTIR spectra identification, biofoam contains CH, CO and OH chemical groups. The results of acoustic performance test show that the biofoam noise absorption coefficient is very good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vortex turbine is one of the solutions to utilize the low head hydro energy resources. In recent studies, researchers employ four main runner types, namely: flat radial, paddle, centrifugal, and modified form. The turbine performance can be increased by improving the turbine runner from these types into three dimensions (30) type. In this present work, the performance of a 30 type runner was designed and examined experimentally. The experiment showed that the maximum efficiency was around 24%, at rotational speeds about 90 to 120 rpm. The maximum efficiency was reached at the design condition. The turbine has demonstrated its capability to run from low rotational speed around 40 rpm to relatively high rotational speed 194 rpm. Compared with the previous runner profile, the 30 runner profile can produce a higher rotational speed and showed its stability to run in a wider range of rotational speed. At low rotational speed, power and efficiency decrease because water leaves the runner blade too fast before transferring its energy to the blade. Whereas at high rotational speed the water tends to be pushed out. The turbine performance and efficiency still can be increased by improving the runner profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the virus diseases transmitted by mosquitoes that has spread rapidly in recent years. Based on data, for the last 3 years, 2019 have the highest number of dengue cases, reaching a total of 813 cases in DKI Jakarta. To overcome the widespread DHF, a method is needed to predict the incidence of DHF in DKI Jakarta. In this study, we present an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to predict the number of dengue incidence. ANFIS is a Multi-Layer Feed-Forward network using learning algorithms of neural networks and fuzzy logic. The number of dengue incidence data obtained from the DKI Jakarta Health Services website. We used the data from 2009 to 2017 with several clustering methods to find the parameter input in ANFIS. Fuzzy C-Means, Grid Partition, and Subtractive Clustering are chosen as the clustering method. Simulation results show that the ANFIS method is best used to predict the incidence of dengue with the best MSE testing results of 0.000731784 with a correlation value of 0.99104. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technological development in the medical field that produces images with high resolution to detect and then can classify diseases that are found in the organs of the patient's body. One condition that can be identified from reading an MRI image is a brain tumor. MRI technology is beneficial for medical for early detection of brain tumor disease. However, the weakness of detecting brain tumor disease with MRI images performed by doctors is still manual. It certainly requires a long process due to the complexity of the structure of the human brain. Of course, the slow process of detecting and classifying brain tumor disease in patients can cause delayed medical treatment for the patient's recovery. For this reason, based on the need for medical information needed by doctors to treat patients quickly and accurately, an image processing technique or method for reading MRI images is developed, the aim is to assist in processing medical images. In this research, we will review various techniques or methods that have been used to detect brain tumors on MRI images, and are expected to provide information on different techniques or methods in image processing as a basis for image processing MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correspond with population growth, Indonesia's energy consumption has been increasing for the past decade. In the last few years, the demand for energy increases by 7.1% every year. The highest energy consumption for a building is in the cooling sector. Much research has been conducted to increase the performance of cooling equipment to reduce their energy consumption. Past research found that hydrocarbon (R290), a natural refrigerant, has higher performance than the most commonly used refrigerant in Indonesia. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon is environmentally friendly, unlike HCFC and HCF. This research is designed to analyze the effects of sub-cooler on the performance of R290 chiller used in an auditorium air conditioning system, and the results show that there is an increase on COP by 6.9% when using sub-cooler on medium part cooling load operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart disease is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Many factors that trigger heart disease, such as age, sex, cholesterol, blood pressure, etc. Diagnosis of patients suffering from heart disease can be known from the symptoms experienced by the patient also the patient's and family's disease history. Further tests will be carried out to check for the actual disease. The length of the examination time will increase the risk borne by the patient. Therefore we need a classification algorithm that can speed up the process of diagnosing a disease. The Logistic Regression algorithm is one of the simple algorithms that have good classification capabilities as proven by previous studies. Logistic Regression develops the concept of Linear Regression with categorical dependent variables. Besides, there is also one algorithm that can be used in similar cases. Random Forest is an ensemble learning method, bagging from Decision Trees that works by randomly generating trees. This research compares the performance of the two algorithms in the classification of heart disease. This data research uses the Framingham Heart Study dataset. With define data into training and testing, the result of the classification shows that Logistic Regression is greater with an accuracy of 85.04% and 84.4% for Random Forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activities in the production of coffee beans cause abundant coffee pulp wastes in many areas in Indonesia which can be an environmental problem. In contrast, this a huge agricultural waste can potentially be used through microbial utilization because of its cellulose polysaccharides content up to 63%. The fungus, known as cellulase producer Aspergillus sp. VT12 under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using coffee pulp based has been isolated. Investigation showed that optimum cellulase production by this isolate when SSF of 10 g coffee pulp, inoculated with 108 spores/ml, incubated at 30°C for 120 hours was done. Cellulase activity reached 1,8 U/ml based on reducing sugar released assayed at 37°C for 96 hours against 0,5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) substrate in acetate buffer 20 mM pH 5. This cellulase stable at pH range i.e. pH 3-8 and optimum at pH 7. In this preliminary study of microbial utilisation of coffee pulp is a cheap-way to produce cellulase and may efficiently because without any nutrition either mineral added in the medium during production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will study the convergence of the Functionally Graded Material (FGM) on plates. FGM plates are a combination of two or more materials that change continuously along with the thickness of the plate. As a result, unlike normal composite, there will be no delamination on the FGM plate. The triangular Discrete Shear Gap (DSG3) element is used, which is formulated for FGM with a 5 degree of freedom on each node. This element is unique in that the entire strain matrix is constant, so the stiffness matrix calculation per element process is faster than other elements. Square plate static problem is conducted to show the convergence behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) has an important assignment in fluid mechanics, including droplet cases. Finite-difference and front-tracking methods were used in numerical simulations of collisions of liquid droplets on horizontal solid surfaces. This study aims to model the dynamics of a single droplet impacting the horizontal surface with variations of density ratio and gravity. The numerical simulation of the droplet phenomena solution used finite difference method with an implicit scheme. The interface between different phases was tracked by using a front tracking method. The governing equations used continuity and momentum Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible 2-D unsteady flow immiscible fluid where the surface tension be discovered, and the viscosity fluid assumed constant. The Navier-Stokes equations were discretized using the implicit finite difference method on a staggered grid pattern with primitive variable formulation (u, v, p). The pressure term was solved by using the Poisson equation at Neumann boundary conditions. Initial conditions were conducted to the diameter of the droplet of 2.5 mm, and height fall of 0.125 cm with a static contact angle of 90°. The numerical results were validated with the research of Meten Muradog et al. (2010), and the spreading dynamics of the droplet was investigated. The studies show that gravity was dominant to the maximum deformation diameter, and the maximum spreading velocity will increase at a higher density ratio. The greater the density ratio, then droplet height decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemuru fish oil (LFO) can be used as an energy source in poultry diet which contains unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are easily oxidized thus require protection. Vitamin E and Selenium (Se) are antioxidants that can protect fatty acids from oxidation. This study aimed to evaluate blood metabolites and blood profiles of broiler fed ration containing LFO with the supplementation of antioxidants in form of different levels of vitamin E and Se. The study used 180 broiler chickens (Lohman MB 202) with 50:50 ratio of male and female reared for 35 days. Randomized factorial design with two factors and three replications were used in this study, as for the first factor is two levels of vitamin E (0 mg kg-1 and 200 mg kg−1) and the second factor is three levels of Se (0 mg kg-1, 0.3 mg kg−1 0.6 mg kg−1). The results showed the use of 200 mg kg−1 of vitamin E showed the increment of the blood hemoglobin, while the use of 0.6 mg kg−1 Se decreased the number of lymphocytes and the combination both vitamin E and Se did not show any significant effect on the performance as well as the blood metabolites and blood profiles. The use of vitamin E 200 mg kg−1 and Se 0.3 mg kg-1 showed a lower H/L ratio compared to the other treatments, but there was no interaction between the two treatments. The supplementation of vitamin E 200 mg kg-1 shows the best results in maintaining the health of broilers based on blood profile results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still one of the main public health problems in Indonesia. The number of DHF cases and the spread of this disease is increasing along with mobility and population density. The Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) in this research was implemented to predict the number of weekly DHF incidents in DKI Jakarta. RBFNN is a Feed Forward Neural Network model that has a single hidden layer. The hidden layer of RBFNN is constructed by an activation function. K-means clustering algorithm is used to improve the performance of RBFNN to determine the center and width of the activation function. This research used two different activation functions, which are the Gaussian and multiquadratic functions. The final results of this research indicate that the selection of the best activation function depends on the data and RBFNN structure used. The value of MSE contributes to the graph of the predicted results of weekly DHF incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. is one of the most destruction pest in coffee berry. To control this pest by synthetic insecticide is harmful and damage for environment. A strategy to control H. hampei is by studying its life cycle. The egg stage until adult of H. hampei lives inside coffee beans and utilize polysaccharides of coffee beans as source of its metabolism. The result of investigation showed that in gut of H. hampei was found cellulolytic bacteria Isolate 10 (ISH 10) which is suspected as endosymbiont bacteria that helps in the digestive process and metabolism of H. hampei. Morphological characters of ISH10 colony are circular, flat elevation, edge of entire colony, and the cell shape is rod. ISH 10 was gram positive bacteria which gave positive results in catalase and negative for oxidase test. In addition, ISH 10 is able to ferment some sugars media test such as glucose, sucrose, fructose and mannitol. ISH10 produced positive reaction in simmon citrate and urease test, and ISH 10 unable to reduce nitrate. Based on results, ISH 10 similar to genus Brochothrix. ISH 10 can also produce cellulase with the highest activity of the crude enzyme 0,031 U/ml only in 72 hours of incubation at 30oC against 0,5% CMC in 20 mM acetate buffer pH 5. Further characterization of this cellulase is needed so that it can interfere the digestion of H. hampei through endosymbiont cellulolytic bacteria by using inhibitor or environmental factor of its cellulase enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Belik Subdistrict - Pemalang District, which produces honey pineapple with a contribution of around 27,162 tons per year in Central Java, is a superior product, which has great and reliable potential to develop the regional economy. It several small and medium-sized businesses that produce processed pineapple honey that is made into pineapple juice products, pineapple chips, pineapple meal, and some small and medium businesses that sell pineapples peel. This activity produces a lot of honey pineapples peel waste; utilization of pineapple peel waste into bioethanol is expected to be potential energy for household needs. Pineapple skin waste containing carbohydrates and reducing sugars is high enough so that it has the potential to become bioethanol by carrying out the process of fermentation and distillation. One kilogram of pineapple fruit can produce 250 grams of pineapple peel waste, or 1 ton can produce about 250 kg of peel waste. This study uses raw materials for pineapple skin waste with LSF (liquid state fermentation) fermentation method and the distillation process. Using 2.5 kg of peel can produce 1 liter of bioethanol with 27% content. In Belik District, produces pineapple peel waste around 4,125 tons (4,125 kg) per day, bioethanol can be produced around 1.650 liters per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary crackle sound is an adventitious lung sound that occurs due to several types of lung diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, or chronic bronchitis. Crackle has distinctive sound patterns such as discontinuous, non-musical, and relatively short duration. Various methods were used to detect crackles in lung sounds such as entropy, wavelet-based methods, or spectral analysis. In this study, normal lung sound and pulmonary crackle sound classification were performed using the variogram as a feature extraction method. Modified variogram was applied to the pulmonary sound signal, and its statistical parameters were measured to distinguish crackle lung sound from normal lung sound. The experimental result produced the highest accuracy of 95.3% using Quadratic SVM as a classifier. These results indicated that the variogram could capture differences in signal dynamics in normal and pulmonary crackle sounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee pulp is an agro-industrial waste that has an abundant presence in Indonesia, up to 612.000 tons in 2018. Up to 6,5% of coffee pulp's dry weight is pectin. So, the coffee pulp has potential as a substrate for pectinase production. This study aims to acknowledge the utilization of coffee pulp for pectinase production using a solid-state fermentation method by Aspergillus sp. VTM5. Spore suspensions of Aspergillus sp. VTM5 with 108 spores/ml density are inoculated to coffee pulp substrate and incubated for 0 to 168 hours at 30°C. Characterization of pH testing with 250 µl of crude pectinase plus 250 µl of acetate buffer (pH 3-5) and phosphate buffer (pH 5.5-8). Enzyme activity assay using the Somogyi-Nelson Method. Optimum incubation time Aspergillus sp. VTM5 in producing pectinase is at 72 hours and the reducing sugar concentrations are 85,849 µg/ml. The optimum pH for pectinase activity is 4,5 and stable at pH 3-5. These results indicate that coffee pulp can be utilized as a substrate for pectinase production using a solid-state fermentation method by Aspergillus sp. VTM5. Purification of pectin content in the coffee pulp, purification, and characterization of the enzyme is needed to improve enzyme activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment on the stock market is being popular nowadays, to gain profits in the future called return. Stock prices in the stock exchange moves fast and uncertain in which investors face risk. To optimize return, alternative investment choices need to be concerned. Stochastic Dominance (SD) is decision criterion under risk for nonparametric comparison of distribution functions. This research is aimed to apply SD criteria on monthly data of closing stock price which is categorized as Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Parametric approach using normal distribution will be added to improve the decision rule of SD. Furthermore, normality test was performed on the stock returns. The research shows that the data obtained formed 45 stock combinations with 29 dominant stock combinations as the result of SD analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particles are particulate matters having a diameter less than 2.5 µm, ubiquitous in ambient air and mainly resulted from many emission sources. Several epidemiologic studies have investigated fine particles that have a relationship with an inflammatory response deep in the lung and red blood cells. For these reasons, the interest in real- time monitoring of the concentrations in the ambient air has increased. In this study, a bare quartz crystal microbalance combined by an impactor, a fine particle filter paper, and a signal conditioning circuit was used to measure the fine particle concentration based on the frequency change. This study aimed to define the correlation between mass loading and frequency shift of the crystal. The mass of fine particles was calculated by multiplying the total of fine particles concentration, emission flow-rate, and measurement time. A Kanomax Digital Dust Monitor Model 3443 was used to measure the concentration of fine particles inside an experimental chamber with a volume of 12,000 cm3 for certain measurement times. At the same time, a bare quartz crystal microbalance with a fundamental frequency of 9.9780 MHz was connected to an oscillator and frequency counter to measure the frequency shift related to the fine particle concentration fluctuation. The results showed that the frequency shift of the crystal, to the fine particle mass, in which frequency decreases corresponding to the increasing amount of particle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel additive has been known to increase the vehicle efficiency by reduces a fuel consumption and to reach long distance. However, the particulate matter emission has not been known yet. This study was purposed to measure PM10 emission factor emitted by motorcycle with various fuel additives. The aim of the study is to characterize the influence of the fuel additive to the PM10 emission factor. The emission factor is calculated by totalize the PM10 concentration for every 1 ml burned fuels. In this research, a gasoline with RON 90 was used as the main fuel. The additive was mixed in certain ratio and applies into 110 cc motorcycle engine. The test was conducted in idle throttle engine condition for every 1ml burned fuels. The emission was injected into measurement chamber with volume of 2.7 × 10−2m3 for 60-second. The PM10 was measured by using Hinaway CW-HAT200S air quality tester. The observation was done after the PM10 concentration inside the measurement chamber touch the ambient concentration. In the result, we found the lowest PM10 emission factor in the factory-suggested concentration+0.001 L. The types of additive (booster, cleaner, or both) also found to affect the character of the PM10 emission factor. In conclusion, additive concentration and type are found to affect the PM10 concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health problems caused by indoor pollution (sick building syndrome) have been a concern for some time. In Indonesia, there are no regulations regarding pollutants that have the potential to become hazardous substances and contribute to just general health problems. PM1, PM2,5, PM10, and TSP can affect health, and, in Indonesia, little research has been done on their indoor concentration levels. This study aims to determine the indoor variables and occupant activities that affect the concentrations of CO, NO2 and the particulates. Thirty seven (37) apartments were 24h sampled, measured and interveiewed during December 2017 to April 2018 using direct interview. Results show that occupants activities and indoor interior configuration affect concentration of indoor pollutants. The number of furniture units significantly contributes to the worsen indoor air quality along with humidity. Opening window (natural ventilation) was found to increase coarse particulates (PM10 and TSP), CO concentration, significantly and on the contrary reduce NO2 concentration. Other variables such as number of fan and exhaust fans gave mixed result as both reduce particulates but on the other hand may increase gas concentrations. Further study is needed to investigate the cause of worse indoor quality during natural ventilation as well as occupants activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of microalgae cultivation generally divided into several categories, such as a resource of renewable energy, superfood, feed, pharmaceutical, CO2 sequestration, and O2 production. Recent research about microalgae cultivation on photobioreactors has the potential to be integrated into the building as a façade. The first building integrated with microalgae façade photobioreactor already applied in BIQ House Germany. However, research on the microalgae façade photobioreactors in Indonesia is still limited. This research design and apply a microalgae photobioreactor façade with an online monitoring system for the temperature and light intensity parameters on the bus shelter building in Indonesia on a prototype scale. The dimension of the prototype is 80 cm x 25 cm x 40 cm, with a total cultivation capacity is 10 litres. The material of the microalgae façade photobioreactor is a 3 mm glass and mounted on aluminium and wood frame. The results of this study showed the microalgae façade photobioreactor had an excellent performance from the growth rate of microalgae cells (Chlorella sp.) viewpoint and its function in decreasing the room temperature at the bus shelter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cengklik Reservoir in Boyolali is a source of agricultural and fishery activities experiencing a tendency for environmental degradation. The use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and animal feed residues tends to increase organic pollution. This research aims to (1) map the level of pollution of organic parameters in Cengklik Reservoir water and (2) determine alternative solutions to reduce the impact of organic pollution. This research is quantitative. Water samples were taken with the grab in situ method at 8 stations namely Senting River inlet, Njati River inlet, Pepe River inlet, water hyacinth station, floating net cage station, water hyacinth-free station - floating net cage and reservoir outlet. The parameters analyzed included phosphate, sulphate, nitrite and nitrate. The analysis was performed using a comparative descriptive method by comparing between stations and quality standards based on Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. From this research, we can sum up that (1) the phosphate compound exceeds the quality standard at the Senting river inlet (2.759 mg/L), the Njati river inlet (0.309 mg/L) and the Pepe river inlet (0.254 mg/L), while sulfate and nitrate compounds meet the quality standards at all stations, but the nitrite exceeds the quality standard at all inlet stations (average inlet of 0.4403 mg/L) and reservoir water bodies (average reservoir water body of 0.7727 mg/L), and (2) control of organic pollution can be done through reducing waste from its source by substituting synthetic chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, building WWTP of MSMEs, regulating the Domestic Wastewater Management System (DWMS), and avoiding excessive fish feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to process tire waste into liquid fuel (liquid products), using the pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis process produces liquid, gas, and solid residual products. Pyrolysis instruments consist of reactors, stainless pipes, glass pipes, condensers and electric stoves. The raw material used is waste vehicle tire with a weight of 1000 grams. Clay tile catalyst is used to assist the process of condensing gases into liquid products with catalyst variations of 0, 3%, 5% and 10%. The catalyst is placed on the pipe before the condenser. The pyrolysis temperature is set at 500 ° C, with a pyrolysis time of 2 hours. The highest liquid product occurs when using a 3% catalyst, with a yield of 38.7% liquid product and 57% residual solids derived from 1000 grams of tire waste. Liquid products were analyzed using GC- MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry), liquid products containing hydrocarbons with a C5-C12 (gasoline) fraction of 80.94%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's infrastructure project, particularly toll road projects provide mobilization services to hundreds of millions of workers, including infrastructure supporting functions such as road utility services, road maintenance, and road landscaping. To successfully bring these functions, the infrastructure authorities have to uphold an armada of heavy duty diesel (HDD) equipment including excavators, bulldozers, motor graders, pavers, and compactors. This HDD equipment consumes diesel fuel and therefore releases large quantities of pollutants, including hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). In order to manage this emission effectively, an emissions inventory should be made first. The purpose of this study is to propose an inventory technique of emissions from the equipment fleet for toll road project in Indonesia from a by developing HC and CO emissions inventory which can be used as a management backing tool to minimize the environmental impact of the project. The sample case for this proposed technique is Rembang-Pasuruan Toll Road Project Section II in East Java, Indonesia, which utilizes 9 excavators, 2 bulldozers, 2 compactors, 1 motor grader, and 1 paver. By using emission factors from nonroad engine modeling developed by Environment Protection Agency (EPA), it is obtained that the average emission of HC is approximately 29.13 gr/hr or 233.05 gr/day, and the average emission of CO is about 124.94 gr/hr or equals to 999.52 gr/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kind of motor vehicle emission is particulate matter or PM. Of all the types of PM, some PMs have a diameter of less than 2.5µm or PM2.5. PM2.5 are recognized as the pollutants that harm human health. An effort that can be made to reduce this emission is by developing a PM2.5 filtration system. This research developed the PM2.5 filtration system based on high voltage direct current with varied of gap distance that was applied on motorcycles. The filters were made of four aluminum plates with a thickness of 0.15 mm arranged as anode and cathode probes installed before an orifice of the outlet. There were four variations in different gap distances between the plates: F1 with a distance of 14 mm, F2 with a distance of 12 mm, F3 with a distance of 10 mm, and F4 with a distance of 8 mm. The voltage that was originated from the battery by 12 V was converted 400Volt with a signal conditioning circuit. The filtering efficiency was calculated by measuring PM2.5 concentration before and after passing through the filter using Kanomax 3443 Digital Dust Monitor. The result showed that the filter could reduce PM2.5 concentrations from 63% to 70% depending on the gap distance between the plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations have been done on the consumption of electric power in the process of water-diesel fuel emulsion mixing. The mixing process has been carried out using a mixer equipped with a 4-blade impeller. The mixer and impeller are made of aluminum material, while the impeller shaft is made of stainless steel. The mixer has a cylindrical tube shape and has a volume of 450 ml. Emulsion fuels consist of 85%v diesel fuel and 15%v water. This emulsion fuel has a density property of 858.8 kg/m3 and a dynamic viscosity of 0.0547 Pa.s. The mixing process was carried out at 2,000 rpm mixing speed up to 8,000 rpm at 1,000 rpm intervals. The mixer is connected to an electric motor and inverter, so the mixing speed of the mixer can be adjusted. In this research, data of electric current and electrical voltage are taken at each variation of mixing speed. The experimental data show that the higher the mixing speed, the higher the electric current needed. Thus, electricity consumption also is higher. The highest electrical power consumption is at 8,000 rpm mixer speed, while the lowest power consumption is at 2,000 rpm rotation. Non- dimensional power number (Np) analysis was also carried out in this study. By calculating the Reynold number (Re) and the electric power consumption at each rotation of the mixer, the power number curve (Np) is obtained. This curve is used to predict the power consumption of a mixer with the same impeller shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept understanding is important in physics. This study focus on the analysis of students’ conception and the analysis of the three-tier test instrument about simple harmonic motion on mass-spring system. The sample of this research was 123 students on 2nd, 4th, and 6th semester of Physics Education program of the university in Jakarta and Bengkulu. The data collected by using a diagnostic test about simple harmonic motion on a spring. The quality of three-tier instruments were analyzed using Quest software. The reliability estimation results obtained the value of person reliability of 0.79, and item reliability of 0.65 is in a good category. The category of understanding students’ concepts using a three-tier test of Scientific Knowledge, Lack of Knowledge, Error, and Misconception. The percentage of calculation results obtained information that the average student at the first level experienced many misconceptions, which has a frequency of 1138 times. At the second level, there are more students in the Scientific Knowledge category than students in the error and misconception categories. While at the third level, the Scientific Knowledge category more students than students who are in the category of lack of knowledge, error, and misconception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argumentation skills can be seen from the activities of students when thinking about working on the questions so that ideas can be analyzed through writing. This study aims to an analysis of student argumentation skills on the static fluid topic. The sample used in this study was 24 students in physics programs Sebelas Maret University, who were taking basic physics courses. Data on argumentation skills were obtained through test techniques, then scored with a 4 category polytomous scale. The test instrument was developed based on an argumentation scheme of 10 items consisting of five aspects of argumentation skills claims, data, warrant, backing, and qualifier. The estimation results of test reliability with Quest show that the value of person reliability is 0.77, and the reliability item is 0.70. It can be concluded that the consistency of the answers from either the testee or the items in the instrument used to have high reliability. The results of data analysis students’ argumentation skills on static fluid material indicate that student argumentation is still low, that is on the data aspect, qualifier, and warrant. Argumentation skills are strongly influenced by understanding concepts, that is on concepts in a static fluid material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]