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101. Modeling Implicit and Explicit Memory

Author

Raaijmakers, J.G.W., Ohta, N., Izawa, C., and Onderzoeksinstituut Psychologie (FMG)

Subjects
Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES
Abstract

Mathematical models of memory are useful for describing basic processes of memory in a way that enables generalization across a number of experimental paradigms. Models that have these characteristics do not just engage in empirical curve-fitting, but may also provide explanations for puzzling phenomena and may lead to new discoveries. This chapter provides a number of examples, taken from previous research with the SAM model. Although previous research has focused exclusively on the explanation of episodic memory, recent research within the SAM/REM approach has extended this model to implicit and semantic memory phenomena. This review provides some speculations on how this approach may be extended to deal with a number of basic data in implicit memory. It is emphasized that constructing a model for implicit memory necessitates the development of detailed models of lexical-semantic processing.

Published
2005

102. Excitation of coherent spin waves in GdFeCo film

Author

Tsukamoto, A., Nakagawa, K., Itoh, A., Kimel, A.V., Tsvetkov, A., Awano, H., Ohta, N., Kirilyuk, A.I., and Rasing, T.H.M.

Subjects
Scanning Probe Microscopy
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2004

107. Giant optical second- harmonic generation in single and coupled microcavities formed from one-dimensional photonic crystal

Author

Dolgova T.V., Maidikovskii A.I., Martemyanov M.G., Fedyanin A.A., Aktsipetrov O.A., Marovsky G., Yakovlev V.A., Mattei G., Ohta N., and Nakabayashi S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Physics::Optics
Abstract

The nonlinear optical properties of one-dimensional all-solid-state photonic-crystal microcavities (MCs) are ex-perimentally studied by second- harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy in both the frequency and the wave- vector domains. The studied single and coupled MCs are formed by the alternating of mesoporous silicon layers of different porosities. When the fundamental radiation is in resonance with the MC mode the second-harmonic intensity is enhanced by a factor of approximately 10 2 . The resonant SHG response is compared with the off-resonance response, as the fundamental wavelength is outside the photonic bandgap. The split-ting of the modes of two identical coupled MCs is observed in the wave-vector domain spectrum of enhanced SHG. The SHG enhancement is attributed to the combined effects of the spatial localization of the funda-mental field in the MC spacer and the fulfillment of the phase-matching conditions. The confinement of the resonant fundamental field is probed directly at the MC cleavage by a scanning near-field optical microscope. The role of the phase matching that is associated with the giant effective dispersion in the spectral vicinity of the MC mode is deduced from a comparison with the SHG peaks at both edges of the photonic bandgap.

Published
2002

110. Structure Analysis of Jungle-gym-type gels by Brownian Dynamics Simulation(Poster session 1, New Frontiers in Colloidal Physics : A Bridge between Micro- and Macroscopic Concepts in Soft Matter)

Author

Takasu, M., Ohta, N., Ono, K., and Furukawa, H.

Abstract

化学ゲルの角度ポテンシャルの違う2つのモデルに関して、動径分布関数、構造因子およびループの分布を計算して、構造やダイナミクスを議論した。, この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。

Published
2007

114. Learning in social settings.

Author

Nilsson, Lars-Göran, Ohta, N, Nilsson, Lars-Göran, and Ohta, N

Abstract

This chapter introduces main concepts, theories and data that are covered in this section of the book. After having discussed the applied ambitions of Herrmann Ebbinghaus the chapter reflects on the topis of e-learning, an interesting theory how to optimize treatment and training, intended and unintended forgetting, and eyewitness testimony. The four chapters are written by Dietrich Albert, Cord Hockemeyer and Toshiaki Mori, Robert A. Bjork and Elizabeth L. Bjork, Elizabeth L. Bjork, Robert A. Bjork and Malcom D. MacLeod, Yukio Itsukushima, Kazunori Hanyu, Yasunari Okabe, Makiko Naka, Yuji Itoh and Satoshi Hara.

Published
2005

115. Memory deficits: Social costs.

Author

Nilsson, Lars-Göran, Ohta, N, Nilsson, Lars-Göran, and Ohta, N

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the section about practical consequences of various forms of memory deficits and the costs involved, both with respect to the individual and his or her family and with respect to the society. Memory deficits occurring in normal aging and pathological changes in old age, memory deficits that are related to dyslexia, working memory problems in everyday cognition, problems in executive functions chronic alcoholics, and Korsakoff amnesics. This chapter also includes a description of memory failures and their causes in everyday life and the rehabilitation of memory in everyday life. The chapter authors in this section of the book are: Fergus I.M. Craik, Ingvar Lundberg, Robert L. Logie and Sergio Della Sala, Masaru Mimura, Douglas Herrmann, Michael M. Gruneberg, Steve Fiori, Jonathan W. Schooler and Rebecca Torres, and Barbara A. Wilson.

Published
2005

118. Pressure suppression of unconventional charge-density-wave state in PrRu4P12studied by optical conductivity

Author

Okamura, H., primary, Ohta, N., additional, Takigawa, A., additional, Matsutori, I., additional, Shoji, K., additional, Miyata, K., additional, Matsunami, M., additional, Nanba, T., additional, Sugawara, H., additional, Sekine, C., additional, Shirotani, I., additional, Sato, H., additional, Moriwaki, T., additional, Ikemoto, Y., additional, Liu, Z., additional, and Carr, G. L., additional

Published
2012
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120. Quality assessment of coded images using numerical category scaling

Author

Dijk, van, A.M., Martens, J.B., Watson, A.B., Ohta, N., Lemke, H.U., and Lehureau, J.C.

Abstract

The large variety of algorithms for data compression has created a growing need for methods to judge (new) compression algorithms. The results of several subjective experiments illustrate that numerical category scaling techniques provide an efficient and valid way not only to obtain compression ratio versus quality curves that characterize coder performance over a broad range of compression ratios, but also to assess perceived image quality in a much smaller range (e.g. close to threshold level). Our first object is to discuss a number of simple techniques that can be used to assess perceived image quality. We show how to analyze data obtained from numerical category scaling experiments and how to set up such experiments. Second, we demonstrate that the results from a numerical scaling experiment depend on the specific nature of the subject's task in combination with the nature of the images to be judged. As results from subjective scaling experiments depend on many factors, we conclude that one should be very careful in selecting an appropriate assessment technique.

Published
1995

144. Spatial resolution of domain copying in a magnetic domain expansion readout disk

Author

Blom, P.W.M., Horikx, J.J.L., Bloemen, P.J.H., Verschuren, C.A., Kesteren, van, H.W., Awano, H., Ohta, N., Blom, P.W.M., Horikx, J.J.L., Bloemen, P.J.H., Verschuren, C.A., Kesteren, van, H.W., Awano, H., and Ohta, N.

Abstract

In a magnetic amplifying magnetooptical system (MAMMOS) disk, the copying process of a magnetic domain from the recording layer into the readout layer is investigated by using a laser spot diameter of 0.66 µm. Interference between neighboring bits occurs when the spatial resolution of the copy process is larger than half the domain size. It is observed that a reduction of the readout power from 2.3 to 2.0 mW corresponds to a decrease of the copy window from 0.5 to 0.06 µm. As a result, at 2.0 mW packed magnetic domains with a width of only 0.11 µm have been resolved without interference by using domain expansion

Published
2001

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