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909 results on '"Olive, J.-A."'

101. Observations of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy by the HESS experiment and search for a dark matter signal

Author

Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A.G., Bazer-Bachi, A.R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V., Braun, I., Brion, E., Brown, A.M., Bühler, R., Büsching, I., Boutelier, T., Carrigan, S., Chadwick, P.M., Chounet, L.-M., Coignet, G., Cornils, R., Costamante, L., Degrange, B., Dickinson, H.J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Drury, L.O’C., Dubus, G., Egberts, K., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Espigat, P., Farnier, C., Feinstein, F., Ferrero, E., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Funk, Seb., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gallant, Y.A., Giebels, B., Glicenstein, J.F., Glück, B., Goret, P., Hadjichristidis, C., Hauser, D., Hauser, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J.A., Hoffmann, A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Hoppe, S., Horns, D., Jacholkowska, A., de Jager, O.C., Kendziorra, E., Kerschhaggl, M., Khélifi, B., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Lamanna, G., Latham, I.J., Le Gallou, R., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lohse, T., Martin, J.M., Martineau-Huynh, O., Marcowith, A., Masterson, C., Maurin, G., McComb, T.J.L., Moulin, E., de Naurois, M., Nedbal, D., Nolan, S.J., Noutsos, A., Nuss, E., Olive, J.-P., Orford, K.J., Osborne, J.L., Panter, M., Pelletier, G., Petrucci, P.-O., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Ranchon, S., Raubenheimer, B.C., Raue, M., Rayner, S.M., Ripken, J., Rob, L., Rolland, L., Rosier-Lees, S., Rowell, G., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Saugé, L., Schlenker, S., Schlickeiser, R., Schröder, R., Schwanke, U., Schwarzburg, S., Schwemmer, S., Shalchi, A., Sol, H., Spangler, D., Spanier, F., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Superina, G., Tam, P.H., Tavernet, J.-P., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., van Eldik, C., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Vialle, J.P., Vincent, P., Vivier, M., Völk, H.J., Wagner, S.J., and Ward, M.

Published
2008
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103. Use of Molecular Methods to Authenticate Animal Species and Tissue in Bovine Liver Dietary Supplements.

Author

Dahm, Olive J., Sampson, Georgia L., Silva, Anthony J., and Hellberg, Rosalee S.

Subjects
*REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, *CATTLE, *LIVER, *MICRORNA, *DIETARY supplements, *FOOD, *FOOD quality
Abstract

Dietary supplements containing bovine (subfamily Bovinae) liver are susceptible to fraud due to their high value and the lack of modern detection methods available for processed animal tissues. The objective of this research was to use molecular methods to authenticate dietary supplements claiming to contain bovine liver or beef liver through the verification of animal species and tissue type. A total of 53 bovine/beef liver dietary supplements were purchased from online sources. The presence of liver was verified with reverse transcription and real-time PCR testing for microRNA-122 (miR-122), which is highly expressed in liver tissue. Multiplex real-time PCR targeting domestic cattle (Bos taurus), horse (Equus caballus), sheep (Ovis aries), and pork (Sus scrofa) was used to verify species. Samples that failed species identification with multiplex real-time PCR underwent DNA mini-barcoding. Overall, bovine species were detected in 48/53 liver supplements: 35 samples were confirmed as domestic cattle with multiplex real-time PCR and an additional 13 samples were confirmed as domestic cattle or Bos spp. with DNA mini-barcoding. One of these samples was also positive for sheep/lamb, which was declared on the label. One product contained undeclared pork in addition to beef. MiR-122 was detected in 51 out of 53 supplements, suggesting the presence of liver. While this study demonstrates the potential use of tissue-specific microRNAs in verifying tissues in dietary supplements, more research is needed to evaluate the specificity of these markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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105. Interseismic loading of subduction megathrust drives long-term uplift in Northern Chile

Author

Jolivet, R., Simons, M., Duputel, Z., Olive, J. A., Bhat, H. S., and Bletery, Quentin

Subjects
InSAR, seismic cycle, GNSS, topography, inelastic deformation, subduction zone, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

Large earthquakes are the product of elastic stress that has accumulated over decades to centuries along segments of active faults. Assuming an elastic crust, one can roughly estimate the location and rate of accumulation of elastic stress. However, this general framework does not account for inelastic, irrecoverable deformation, which results in large-scale topography. We do not know over which part of the earthquake cycle such deformation occurs. Using InSAR and GNSS measurements, we report on a potential correlation between long-term, inelastic vertical rate and short-term, interseismic vertical rate in northern Chile. Approximately 4% to 8% of the geodetically derived interseismic vertical rates translate into permanent deformation, suggesting that topography of the forearc builds up during the interseismic period. This observation provides a quantitative basis for an improved understanding of the interplay between short-term and long-term dynamics along convergent plate boundaries.

Published
2020

106. Compiled locations of subduction deformation front, downdip end of high coupling, shelf break, and coastline

Author

Malatesta, L., Bruhat, L., Finnegan, N., and Olive, J.

Abstract

Compilation of data used to support the article: "Co-location of the downdip end of seismic coupling and the continental shelf break" (Malatesta et al., 2020). Along subduction margins, the morphology of the near shore domain records the combined action of erosion from ocean waves and permanent tectonic deformation from the convergence of plates. We observe that at subduction margins around the globe, the edge of continental shelves tends to be located above the downdip end of seismic coupling on the megathrust. Coastlines lie farther landward at variable distances. This observation stems from a compilation of well-resolved coseismic and interseismic coupling datasets. The permanent interseismic uplift component of the total tectonic deformation can explain the localization of the shelf break. It contributes a short wave-length gradient in vertical deformation on top of the structural and isostatic deformation of the margin. This places a hinge line between seaward subsidence and landward uplift above the downdip end of high coupling. Landward of the hinge line, rocks are uplifted in the domain of wave-base erosion and a shelf is maintained by the competition of rock uplift and wave erosion. wave erosion then sets the coastline back from the tectonically meaningful shelf break. We combine a wave erosion model with an elastic deformation model to illustrate how the downdip end of high coupling pins the location of the shelf break. In areas where the shelf is wide, onshore geodetic constraints on seismic coupling is limited and could be advantageously complemented by considering the location of the shelf break. Subduction margin morphology integrates hundreds of seismic cycles and could inform seismic coupling stability through time.

Published
2020

110. Bovine Liver Supplement Labeling Practices and Compliance With U.S. Regulations.

Author

Silva, MS, Anthony J., Dahm, MS, Olive J., and Hellberg, Rosalee S.

Subjects
*CATTLE, *HEALTH services administration, *GOVERNMENT regulation, *LIVER, *TELEPHONES, *REGULATORY approval, *CONSUMER attitudes, *DIETARY supplements, *LABELS, *HEALTH insurance reimbursement, *DIET therapy, *BUSINESS, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *POSTAL service, *INFORMATION needs
Abstract

Bovine liver supplements are sought after by consumers due to their nutrient-dense profile and high protein content. However, there is a lack of information regarding bovine liver supplement labeling practices. The objective of this study was to assess labeling practices and compliance with U.S. regulatory standards among commercially sold bovine liver supplements. The product labels for 49 bovine liver supplements were examined for required information, including a statement of identity; net quantity of contents; "Supplement Facts" label; ingredient statement; and name and place of business of manufacturer, packer, or distributor with domestic address or telephone number. Any claims made on the supplement labels were also reviewed for compliance. Overall, 59% of the products had at least one instance of noncompliance with U.S. labeling regulations. The main categories of noncompliance were missing a domestic mailing address or phone number (39% of products), noncompliant nutrient content claim (31% of products), and missing/noncompliant disclaimer for a nutritional support statement (6% of products). The lack of a mailing address or phone number is problematic because it prevents consumers from being able to report serious adverse events to the manufacturer. The majority (85%) of the nutrient content observed on product labels was found to be noncompliant. Noncompliant nutrient content claims are a major concern for consumers who rely on these claims to assess the nutritional benefits of a product. Overall, the results of this study revealed a lack of labeling compliance in bovine liver supplements, indicating a need for increased awareness and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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117. Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy

Author

Acciari, V. A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Bautista, M., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Butt, Y., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Celik, O., Cesarini, A., Chow, Y. C., Ciupik, L., Cogan, P., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Fegan, S. J., Finley, J. P., Fortin, P., Fortson, L, Furniss, A., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Horan, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Imran, A., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kieda, D., Kildea, J., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., LeBohec, S., Maier, G., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Petry, D., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Smith, A W., Swordy, S. P., Theiling, M., Toner, J. A, Vartotta, A., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Wissel, S., Wood, M., Walker, R. C., Davies, F., Hardee, P. E., Junor, W., Ly, C., Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Anton, G., de Almeida, U. Barres, Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Becherini, Y., Behera, B., Bernlöhr, K., Bochow, A., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borrel, V., Brucker, J., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bühler, R., Bulik, T., Büsching, I., Boutelier, T., Chadwick, P. M., Charbonnier, A., Chaves, R. C. G., Cheesebrough, A., Chounet, L-M., Clapson, A. C., Coignet, G., Dalton, M., Daniel, M. K., Davids, I. D., Degrange, B., Deil, C., Dickinson, H. J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Domainko, W., OʼC. Drury, L, Dubois, F., Dubus, G., Dyks, J., Dyrda, M., Egberts, K., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Espigat, P., Farnier, C., Feinstein, F., Fiasson, A., Förster, A, Fontaine, G., Füling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Gérard, L, Gerbig, D., Giebels, B., Glicenstein, J. F., Glück, B., Goret, P., Göhring, D., Hauser, D., Hauser, M., Heinz, S., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A, Hoffmann, A., Hofmann, W., Holleran, M., Hoppe, S., Horns, D., Jacholkowska, A., de Jager, O. C., Jahn, C., Jung, I., Katarzynski, K., Katz, U., Kaufmann, S., Kendziorra, E., Kerschhaggl, M., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., Keogh, D., Kluzniak, W., Kneiske, T., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Lamanna, G., Lenain, J.-P., Lohse, T., Marandon, V., Martin, J. M., Martineau-Huynh, O., Marcowith, A., Maurin, D., L McComb, T. J., Medina, M. C., Moderski, R., Moulin, E., Naumann-Godo, M., de Naurois, M., Nedbal, D., Nekrassov, D., Nicholas, B., Niemiec, J., Nolan, S. J., Ohm, S., Olive, J.-F., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Orford, K. J., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Arribas, M. Paz, Pedaletti, G., Pelletier, G., Petrucci, P.-O., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Raubenheimer, B. C., Raue, M., Rayner, S. M., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Ripken, J., Rob, L, Rosier-Lees, S., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rulten, C. B., Ruppel, J., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Schlickeiser, R., Schöck, F. M., Schröder, R., Schwanke, U., Schwarzburg, S., Schwemmer, S., Shalchi, A, Sikora, M., Skilton, J. L, Sol, H., Spangler, D., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Stinzing, F., Superina, G., Szostek, A, Tam, P. H., Tavemet, J.-P., Terrier, R., Tibolla, O., Tluczykont, M., van Eldik, C., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Venter, L, Vialle, J. P., Vincent, P., Vivier, M., Völk, H. J., Volpe, F., Wagner, S. J., Ward, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Anderhub, H., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Baixeras, C., Balestra, S., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., González, J. Becerra, Becker, J. K., Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A, Bock, R. K., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Tridon, D. Borla, Bosch-Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Britvitch, I., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Commichau, S., Contreras, J. L, Cortina, J., Costado, M. T., Covino, S., Curtef, V., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Cea del Pozo, E., Mendez, C. Delgado, De los Reyes, R., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Dominguez, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Errando, M., Ferenc, D., Fernández, E., Firpo, R., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Galante, N., Garcia López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Goebel, F., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Höhne-Mönch, D., Hose, J., Hsu, C. C., Jogler, T., Kranich, D., Barbera, A. La, Laille, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M, Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldón, J., Moles, M., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Ninkovic, J., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pasanen, M., Pascoli, D., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez-Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, L, Prada, F., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Robert, A., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sanchez-Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sidro, N., Sierpowska-Bartosik, A., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamerra, A., Stark, L S., Takalo, L, Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Torres, D. F., Turini, N., Vankov, H., Wagner, R. M., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., and Zapatero, J.

Published
2009

119. The abundant DNA adduct

Author

Olive J, Njuma, Yan, Su, and F Peter, Guengerich

Subjects
DNA Replication, DNA Adducts, DNA Repair, Molecular Structure, Deoxyguanosine, Humans, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA and Chromosomes, DNA Damage
Abstract

Aside from abasic sites and ribonucleotides, the DNA adduct N(7)-methyl deoxyguanosine (N(7)-CH(3) dG) is one of the most abundant lesions in mammalian DNA. Because N(7)-CH(3) dG is unstable, leading to deglycosylation and ring-opening, its miscoding potential is not well-understood. Here, we employed a 2′-fluoro isostere approach to synthesize an oligonucleotide containing an analog of this lesion (N(7)-CH(3) 2′-F dG) and examined its miscoding potential with four Y-family translesion synthesis DNA polymerases (pols): human pol (hpol) η, hpol κ, and hpol ι and Dpo4 from the archaeal thermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus. We found that hpol η and Dpo4 can bypass the N(7)-CH(3) 2′-F dG adduct, albeit with some stalling, but hpol κ is strongly blocked at this lesion site, whereas hpol ι showed no distinction with the lesion and the control templates. hpol η yielded the highest level of misincorporation opposite the adduct by inserting dATP or dTTP. Moreover, hpol η did not extend well past an N(7)-CH(3) 2′-F dG:dT mispair. MS-based sequence analysis confirmed that hpol η catalyzes mainly error-free incorporation of dC, with misincorporation of dA and dG in 5–10% of products. We conclude that N(7)-CH(3) 2′-F dG and, by inference, N(7)-CH(3) dG have miscoding and mutagenic potential. The level of misincorporation arising from this abundant adduct can be considered as potentially mutagenic as a highly miscoding but rare lesion.

Published
2019

121. Discovery of the short γ-ray burst GRB 050709

Author

Villasenor, J. S., Lamb, D. Q., Ricker, G. R., Atteia, J.-L., Kawai, N., Butler, N., Nakagawa, Y., Jernigan, J. G., Boer, M., Crew, G. B., Donaghy, T. Q., Doty, J., Fenimore, E. E., Galassi, M., Graziani, C., Hurley, K., Levine, A., Martel, F., Matsuoka, M., Olive, J.-F., Prigozhin, G., Sakamoto, T., Shirasaki, Y., Suzuki, M., Tamagawa, T., Vanderspek, R., Woosley, S. E., Yoshida, A., Braga, J., Manchanda, R., Pizzichini, G., Takagishi, K., and Yamauchi, M.

Published
2005

124. Scientific highlights of the HETE-2 mission

Author

Lamb, D.Q, Ricker, G.R, Atteia, J.-L, Barraud, C, Boer, M, Braga, J, Butler, N, Cline, T, Crew, G.B, Dezalay, J.-P, Donaghy, T.Q, Doty, J.P, Dullighan, A, Fenimore, E.E, Galassi, M, Graziani, C, Hurley, K, Jernigan, J.G, Kawai, N, Levine, A, Manchanda, R, Matsuoka, M, Martel, F, Monnelly, G, Morgan, E, Olive, J.-F, Pizzichini, G, Prigozhin, G, Sakamoto, T, Shirasaki, Y, Suzuki, M, Takagishi, K, Tamagawa, T, Torii, K, Vanderspek, R, Vedrenne, G, Villasenor, J, Woosley, S.E, Yamauchi, M, and Yoshida, A

Published
2004
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126. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis associated with non-polio enterovirus isolation: the experience in the Americas

Author

Dietz, V., Andrus, J., Olive, J.-M., Cochi, S., and de Quadros, C.

Subjects
Paralysis -- Demographic aspects, Enterovirus diseases -- Demographic aspects
Abstract

The Pan American Health Organization adopted as a goal the interruption of transmission of wild poliovirus from the Americas by 1990. Collection and processing of stool specimens from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) to identify wild poliovirus is critical for monitoring the success of the eradication programme. In the study described, cases of AFP in children less than 15 years of age reported in the Americas from 1989 to 1991 were evaluated to investigate the epidemiology of AFP associated with the isolation of non-polio enterovirus (NPEV), to characterize their clinical presentation, and to compare their clinical characteristics with those of AFP cases associated with the isolation of wild poliovirus (confirmed as poliomyelitis). The results show that the notification pattern for AFP associated with NPEV isolates is similar to that for all AFP cases. While AFP associated with NPEV isolates generally differs clinically from confirmed poliomyelitis, 2-21 % of cases met one of three case definitions for poliomyelitis. Following the eradication of poliomyelitis, countries can therefore anticipate the continued reporting of cases of AFP that clinically mimic poliomyelitis but which are associated with NPEV. The study also confirms that NPEV circulation is common and that most isolates were from cases that did not resemble poliomyelitis. It is therefore questionable whether characterization of NPEV isolates is essential for global eradication of poliomyelitis and consequently whether allocation of resources for that purpose can be justified., Introduction In 1985 the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adopted as a goal the interruption of transmission of wild poliovirus in the Americas by 199 (1).(a) The central strategies for [...]

Published
1995

127. Risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Latin America, 1989-91

Author

Andrus, J.K., Strebel, P.M., de Quadros, C.A., and Olive, J.-M.

Subjects
Latin Americans -- Health aspects, Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Complications, Poliomyelitis -- Vaccination, Paralysis -- Risk factors
Abstract

A major factor influencing the success of poliomyelitis eradication in the Americas was the reliance on mass immunization campaigns with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). As global poliomyelitis eradication activities accelerate and campaign vaccine delivery strategies are applied elsewhere, it is critical to determine whether the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is altered when routine delivery strategies are supplemented with mass immunization campaigns. We analysed all 6043 cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) reported in Latin America over the period 1989-91 in order to estimate the risk of VAPP. The overall risk was estimated to be one case per 1.5-2.2 million doses of OPV administered, compared with one case per 1.4 million doses administered in England and Wales (1985-91) and with one case per 2.5 million net doses distributed in the USA (1980-89). These data suggest that to eradicate poliomyelitis globally, strategies that rely on mass immunization campaigns to supplement routine delivery services, as recommended by WHO, do not appear to alter significantly the risk of VAPP., Introduction The last case of culture-confirmed poliomyelitis in the Region of the Americas was reported in Peru on 23 August 1991, suggesting that transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus is on [...]

Published
1995

131. Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts by HETE-2

Author

Kawai, N, Matsuoka, M, Yoshida, A, Shirasaki, Y, Ricker, G, Doty, J, Vanderspek, R, Crew, G, Villasenor, J, Atteia, J.-L, Fenimore, E. E, Galassi, M, Lamb, D. Q, Graziani, C, Hurley, K, Jernigan, J. G, Woosley, S, Martel, F, Monnelly, G, Prigozhin, G, Olive, J.-F, Dezalay, J.P, Boer, M, Pizzichini, G, and Cline, T

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE-2), launched in October 2000, is currently localizing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at a rate of approximately 20/yr, many in real time. As of August 2003, HETE-2 had localized 43 GRBs; 16 localizations had led to the detection of an X-ray, optical, or radio afterglows. The prompt position notification of HETE-2 enabled probing the nature of so-called "dark bursts" for which no optical afterglows were found despite of accurate localizations. In some cases, the optical afterglow was found to be intrinsically faint , and its flux declined rapidly. In another case, the optical emission was likely to be extinguished by the dust in the vicinity of the GRB source. The bright afterglows of GRB021004 and GRB030329 were observed in unprecedented details by telescopes around the world. Strong evidence for the association of long GRBs with the core-collapse supernovae was found. HETE-2 has localized almost as many X-ray rich GRBs as classical GRBs. The nature of the X-ray rich GRBs and X-ray flashes have been studied systematically with HETE-2, and they are found to have many properties in common with the classical GRBs, suggesting that they are a single phenomenon.

Published
2004

135. Poliomyelitis case confirmation: characteristics for use by national eradication programmes

Author

Biellik, R.J., Bueno, H., Olive, J.-M., and Quadros, C. de

Subjects
Poliomyelitis -- Diagnosis, Epidemiological research -- Methods
Abstract

Highly sensitive case definitions were first introduced by national poliomyelitis eradication programmes to avoid missing true cases of the disease, though false-positive diagnostic errors could still occur owing to low specificity. Extensive data from all 1620 cases of acute, flaccid paralysis reported in Brazil during 1987-88 provided an opportunity to study the characteristics of confirmed poliomyelitis cases and epidemiologically to evaluate potential case definitions that maximized both sensitivity and specificity. Cases that had been confirmed by wild poliomyelitis virus isolation were compared with those that had been rejected (non-polio cases). To guarantee the consistency of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory investigations, only cases < 10 years of age that had been investigated within 15 days of the onset and with complete laboratory specimens were included. No single practical case definition combining both high sensitivity and high specificity emerged from the study. However, the results showed that poliomyelitis endemic countries with limited resources should give priority to the investigation of cases in < 5-years-olds, cases with prodromal fever, cases without involvement in all four limbs, cases without progression > 3 days after the onset, and cases occurring in areas where poliomyelitis had recently been confirmed. In countries without laboratory resources, cases of acute, flaccid paralysis with initial involvement in one or both lower limbs and residual neurological sequelae at 60 days should be confirmed. Countries that are close to eradication may selectively reject any cases lacking laboratory confirmation, despite adequate specimen collection, if they do not have initial involvement in one or both lower limbs and residual neurological sequelae at 60 days.

Published
1992

143. A tunable crystal diffraction telescope for the International Space Station

Author

VonBallmoos, P, Kohnle, A, Olive, J. F, Vedrenne, G, Smither, R. K, Fernandez, P. B, and Graber, T

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

A focusing gamma ray telescope is proposed for use onboard the International Space Station. It consists of a tunable crystal diffraction lens which focuses gamma rays onto a small array of germanium detectors located on an extendable boom. While the weight of such an instrument is less than 500 kg, it features an angular resolution of 15 arcsec, an energy resolution of 2 keV and a 3 sigma sensitivity of the order of 10(exp -7) photons/sq cm sec for any individual narrow line at energies of between 200 and 1300 keV. The scientific potential of such a telescope is discussed. The principles of a diffraction lens and a tunable diffraction lens are described.

Published
1996

147. Pride and prejudice

Author

Austen, Jane and Morley, Olive J.

Subjects
Children's plays, Drama, Arts, visual and performing, Literature/writing
Abstract

Characters ELIZABETH BENNET JANE BENNET MARY BENNET KITTY BENNET LYDIA BENNET MRS. BENNET, their mother MR. BENNET, their father MAID MR. BINGLEY MR. DARCY LADY CATHERINE DE BOURGH SCENE 1 [...]

Published
1994

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