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Objective. To analyze the trends of malnutrition in children under five years of age in Mexico from 1988 to 2023 and to discuss the possible causes of the observed trends. Materials and methods. Information about nutritional status and sociodemographic variables from 5 987 children under five years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys during the period 2020-2023 was analyzed and compared with the results of previous surveys. Results. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, and overweight was 3.9%, 13.9%, 1.2%, and 7.7% in 2020-2023. The highest percentages of stunting were observed in indigenous vs. non-indigenous households (27.4%) (p>0.10), with severe food insecurity vs. food security (20.7%) (p=0.079), quintiles of very low vs. high well-being conditions (20.8%), and rural vs. urban areas (16.9%) (p>0.10). Only 37.4% of households with children under five years of age are beneficiaries of one or more social programs. Conclusions. Malnutrition plateaued in 2012 and overweight has increased. The situation of poverty in households with children under five years old, the increase in the complexity of Prospera and the reduction in funding per beneficiary between 2012-2018, and since 2018 the lack of targeted programs and specific transfers to households with children under five years old, and the increase in the absence of basic health services, among others, could explain this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether transitory and persistent poverty spells were associated with children's learning (literacy and numeracy scores) and executive function outcomes in Ghana. Children resided in the Greater Accra region (N = 2,154; 49% female; Mage = 5.2 years at wave-1) and were followed at four-time points over three years. Multivariate regression models were used to test whether exposure to transitory poverty (1–2 times) or persistent poverty (3–4 times) were differentially associated with child learning and executive function outcomes at wave-4 (Mage = 7.5 years) compared to children who did not experience poverty at any wave. Our results show that transitory poverty was significantly and negatively associated with children's literacy scores. Persistent poverty had the largest negative relations for both learning outcomes. Findings were mixed for executive function, with persistent poverty negatively related to cognitive flexibility, but not inhibitory control. Implications for global child development and learning are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the development of the research project “Training scenarios mediators of the biopraxis of children in the context of poverty”, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia, we see that there are other proposed teaching holistic and ecological, derived from new epistemologies, and from here arises the need to write and publish this article, which reflects about the object and objective, and the subject and the subjective, establishing a dialectic between objective and subjective social and human scientific activity. The current alternative social and human orientations do not exceed the theoretical plane, so that this article is an exhortation to move away for positivism and empiricism, not only from the application of qualitative techniques and methods, but from the ontological analysis of the object of study social and human and the epistemological argument of the subject of research, in correspondence with the ontic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental factors such as Home Literacy Environment (HLE), screen time, and parental executive functions (EF) may influence the development of the child's EF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these factors on behavioral and neurobiological measures of EF in 4-year-old children. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while children performed the Attention Network Task (ANT), showing a smaller difference between incongruent and congruent conditions is related to better EF abilities. Data were analyzed using an Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique focusing on the N200 and P300 components (reflecting executive control and orienting attention, respectively). N200 and P300 differences (delta) between amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent and congruent conditions were computed and correlated with child EF skills, HLE, screen exposure, and parental EF. Screen exposure was associated with lower EF in children and their parents. Additionally, smaller differences between N200 amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent vs. congruent conditions were associated with higher HLE scores. In contrast, greater differences between P300 amplitudes and latencies were related to longer screen time. HLE was positively associated with EF's neurobiological (EEG) and behavioral measures, and screen time was negatively associated with these measures. This study also highlights the important relationship between parental EF (i.e., family predisposition) and EF's neurobiological and behavioral measures in their children. Better executive functions (EF) in children are related to better EF in their parent. Higher screen time was related to lower EF in the parents and their preschool-age children. Poorer EF in a child (manifested by lower differences between N200 amplitudes and latencies for incongruent vs congruent conditions during the attention/inhibition task) was negatively correlated with home interactions involving reading and writing (assessed as Home Literacy Environment). Poorer EF in the child (manifested by lower differences between P300 amplitudes and latencies for incongruent vs congruent conditions) was positively associated with screen time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GWP: Gesellschaft Wirtschaft Politik is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent research shows that populist governments in general depress countries' economic growth and fail to improve income distribution. We study the short‐term macroeconomic consequences of populist policies implemented in Poland since 2015. Using the augmented synthetic control method, we find that the populists boosted the gross domestic product per capita by almost 8% between 2016 and 2019. We do not find any effect of populism on inflation and estimate only small labor market impacts. The populists improved tax revenue collection and reduced public debt. A generous child benefit program and other redistributive policies introduced by the populists significantly reduced overall poverty and almost eradicated absolute child poverty. Our results suggest that antiestablishment populists may have macroeconomic viability, at least in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many children spend a large proportion of their waking hours in early childhood education and care (ECEC). Movement and physical activity (PA) are crucial for children's development and sustainable health. The competence to manage and assess risks starts early in life and can be improved through opportunities for challenging PA. The aim of this study was to investigate ECEC educators' experiences and perceptions of injury risks in ECEC and examine their reasoning about teaching movement and PA, and experiences of any restrictions and prohibitions of movement and PA. Eighteen ECEC educators were interviewed. The qualitative content analysis revealed three themes with adherent sub-themes: Responsibility for the children (Caretaking and Empathy); Fear of being accused (Fear of being exposed and Fear of being irresponsible in the work team); Low competence in movement (Low expectations of children and Perceived poor personal movement skills). The study concluded that educators' fear of injury risks limits the children's movement and PA occasions. The educators' perceived poor personal motor skills and low fitness combined with their perceived low competence to teach movement limit the possibility for the children to develop their motor skills, which in turn might affect the children's physical literacy for sustainable health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children born into poverty face substantial disadvantages; however, family processes have been shown to be a mediating factor. Using a discontinuity in infant eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) at 1,200 grams birth weight, we examine effects of SSI on parental labor supply, family processes, and child outcomes. We find that eligibility increases SSI participation and reduces maternal labor supply on the intensive margin, suggesting SSI income may crowd out parental earnings, but only in the short run. We find no effect on maternal depression or child outcomes, but SSI eligibility improves parenting behaviors, indicating SSI can operate via family processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweden, often cited as an exemplary welfare state, has experienced a significant increase in gang-related gun violence in recent years. In parallel, Finland debates the growing problem of youth violence and street gangs. The media discourse surrounding these issues often focuses on 'gangsta rap' and certain artists within the genre. Despite rap music's popularity and expression of underprivileged and racialised youth globally, it has earlier been subject to policing and criminalisation, now introduced in the Nordic countries. Using Finnish and Swedish media discourse and rap lyrics and videos as data, this article contributes to prior understanding by 1) linking narratives of 'gangsta rap' to the dismantling of the Nordic welfare state, 2) highlighting the racist targeting of ethnic minorities through the public discussions of rappers and 3) discussing similarities and differences between Sweden and Finland, adding nuance to understanding how rap and its criminalisation vary across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a global concern regarding boys' poor engagement in literacy activities. It is suggested that boys enjoy ways of learning that are active and have explicit goals. Readers' theater (RT) provides an active and collaborative means of practicing oral reading fluency, with a clear goal of performing for an audience at the end of training. In the context of an intervention study for struggling readers in grades 3 and 4 (9–10 years old), we investigated whether boys benefit more than girls from the goal to perform in readers' theater in terms of reading fluency development, engagement, and retrospective perception of their learning. We found that girls slightly outperformed boys in expressive reading and showed higher engagement in RT. Girls were also more interested in drama and more likely to participate in the study. However, boys showed a larger reduction in RT-related disaffection over time. In addition, boys in the goal-oriented program reported learning to act and immerse themselves in the text more often than boys in the practice-oriented RT. In contrast, girls reported learning these skills also in the practice-oriented RT. We conclude that the goal to perform in RT may be particularly helpful in engaging boys in RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suboptimal parenting characterized by low self-efficacy and perceived impact is associated with poor child mental health and academic outcomes, especially for at-risk families. This study capitalized on a longitudinal study conducted prior to and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to test how prior parenting cognitions and environmental risk factors predict mental health and educational challenges faced by children during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic parenting and environmental risk data are available for a sample of 252 low-income mother-child dyads in Toronto, Canada. Research Findings: Mothers who had lower parental self-efficacy, but higher perceived parental impact prior to COVID-19 reported that their children faced educational challenges during the pandemic. In addition, mothers who reported lower levels of pre-pandemic parental self-efficacy reported that their children were more likely to have emotional and conduct problems greater than the sample average during COVID-19. Practice or Policy: Parents with specific profiles of parenting cognitions may need additional support to help their children cope during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Findings: Teachers in early care and education (ECE) face tremendous challenges, which can lead to poor well-being, low job satisfaction, and high turnover rates. Thus, it is essential to understand the factors related to job satisfaction as well as the well-being resources that teachers need. The study used multilevel modeling to examine the associations between organizational factors and teachers' job satisfaction among 166 Head Start teachers. Results indicate that organizational climate and diversity climate within the centers were positively associated with teachers' job satisfaction. However, the availability of well-being resources was not significantly related to teachers' satisfaction with their job. Teachers identified higher wages, less paperwork, and support for managing children's behaviors as the most needed resources for their well-being. Practice or Policy: The study addresses the importance of a positive work climate for policymakers and program leaders to consider as a way of improving ECE teachers' job satisfaction. It also emphasizes the most needed well-being resources identified by teachers, especially those working with children in poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the most serious community health issues in developing countries. This study estimated total energy intake, Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphate (PO4) levels among school-going children (aged 13–17 years) of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: Children from Mithi City, District Tharparkar, were selected for this cross-sectional investigation. Students from various schools from both genders who fulfilled the selection criteria were selected. A questionnaire was filled, and five ml blood samples were taken to analyze blood parameters. Each participant's estimated nutrient intake (ENI) per day was assessed and matched to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) to determine their micro and macronutrient intake. Results: A total of 300 school-going children [150(50%) boys (mean age 15± 0.8 years) and 150(50%) girls (mean age 14±1.3years)] were included in this study. Total calories (1449±949 Kcal vs. 1245±215 Kcal; p <.001), carbohydrates (138±27 gm vs. 126 ±25 gm; p <.001) protein (47±9.1 gm vs. 44±6 gm; p <.001) was significantly higher among boys compared to girls. In contrast, calcium (1094±105 mg vs. 1144±100; 0.004), phosphate 1050±125 vs. 1148±147; p<0.001), iron (9.2±1.7 mg vs. 10±1.3 mg; p<0.001), and Zinc (7.4±1.8 mg vs. 9.9±1.7 mg; p<0.001) intake was significantly higher among girls than boys. Gender-wise comparison of serum metals in school-going children showed that serum iron was significantly lower among girls than boys (100.86±25.65 μg/dl vs. 78.48±28.66 μg/dl; p<0.001), and no difference was found in serum Zn, Se, and Ca levels. Total proteins were also significantly lower among girls than boys (6.48±1.01g/dl vs. 4.87±1.4301g/dl; p<0.001). Serum iron, Ca, and total proteins were significantly lower among girls with normal ranges compared to boys with normal ranges. Total protein was significantly lower among girls below normal ranges than boys with normal ranges (p <.001). The correlation of carbohydrates, protein, and fat with some serum biochemical parameters in school-going children showed that serum Fe was significantly linked with proteins (r = 0.255; p <.0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed a concurrent shortage of macro and micronutrients. The current study also revealed that total energy intake was lower than the RDA and significant Fe, Zn, and Se deficiencies. The findings highlight the importance of measures aimed at improving children's nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fever and diarrhea are key causes of malnutrition, growth and development disorders, and death among children. At present, most studies on the associated factors of fever and diarrhea in children are concentrated in African and South Asian countries, but relevant research in China is very limited. This study was aimed to analyze the two-week prevalence of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6–23 months in rural areas of Hunan Province and to explore the associated factors. The survey data of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Children in Poor Areas (NIPCPA) from 2016 to 2023 was used here. NIPCPA is a cross-sectional survey completed annually in Hunan to collect children's nutrition and health indicators. The two-week prevalence rates of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6–23 months were 12.2% (2066/16,985), 9.6% (1634/16,985), and 3.2% (542/16,985), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risks of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea were higher among younger children. The high educational level of caregivers, effective consumption of Yingyangbao (a complementary food supplement containing iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins A, D, B1, B2, B12, folic acid, and other micronutrients), and complementary feeding meeting minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against fever in children, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.78–0.98), 0.78 (0.69–0.87), 0.73 (0.65–0.82), and 0.74 (0.66–0.84), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against diarrhea in children, with aORs of 0.72 (95%CI: 0.63–0.83), 0.79 (0.70–0.91), and 0.80 (0.70–0.92), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against coexisting fever and diarrhea among children, with aORs of 0.53 (95%CI: 0.43–0.66), 0.71 (0.58–0.89), and 0.70 (0.56–0.88), respectively. Fever, diarrhea, and the coexisting fever and diarrhea affect one in eight, one in ten, and one in thirty children respectively in rural areas of Hunan. Effective interventions should be actively taken, such as improving the education level of caregivers, enhancing their scientific feeding skills for children, and promoting children's compliance with Yingyangbao consumption, to further reduce the prevalence of fever and diarrhea in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty interferes with parents' breastfeeding, child-care, and employment options and ability to meet their parenting goals. This study—the first randomized controlled trial of early childhood poverty reduction in the United States—investigates how increased economic resources affect 1,000 low-income US mothers' breastfeeding, child-care, and employment practices and the ability to meet their intentions for these practices in the first year of their infant's life. The likelihood and length of breastfeeding, use of nonparental child care, and maternal employment did not statistically differ among mothers who received a high ($333) or low ($20) monthly unconditional cash gift. The higher monthly cash gift, however, delayed the starting age of child care by almost 1 month and increased mothers' ability to meet their breastfeeding intentions reported at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the life and political career of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, a prominent figure in British politics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in Glasgow in 1836, Campbell-Bannerman started as a Member of Parliament and eventually became the leader of the Liberal Party and Prime Minister. He faced challenges such as the split within the Liberal Party over Irish home rule and the Second Boer War. Campbell-Bannerman's leadership and ethical standards were tested during these times, but he ultimately led the Liberal Party to a landslide victory in the 1906 general election. He supported various reforms, including education, land, and licensing, but faced opposition from the Conservative majority in the House of Lords. Campbell-Bannerman also advocated for trade unions' rights and introduced legislation to address child mistreatment and poverty. While personally supporting women's suffrage, he prioritized party unity and peaceful lobbying. His most significant achievement was the introduction of the Pensions Bill, which marked a shift towards a welfare state. Due to his declining health, Campbell-Bannerman resigned as prime minister in 1908. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, are the leading causes of visual impairment in school-aged children and can significantly impact their academic performance and quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of refractive errors among school children from economically disadvantaged areas in Northwest México, using a consistent methodology to facilitate comparison with global data. Methods: We adopted the Refractive Error Study in Children (RESC) protocol by the World Health Organization to examine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The study comprised a systematic sampling of children aged 6 to 18 years from diverse schools in Northwest México. Trained optometrists conducted visual acuity testing and autorefraction, while ophthalmologists performed cycloplegic refraction to ensure accuracy. Results: The study found a myopia (SE ≤−1.50 D at least one eye) prevalence of 14.55% (95% CI: 13.27–15.91), with a higher incidence in females (6.92%) compared to males (6.00%) in at least one eye. Hyperopia (SE ≥ +1.00 D at least one eye) was less common, at 3.23% (95% CI: 2.61–3.95), with a slightly higher occurrence in males in at least one eye. Astigmatism (Cylinder ≥ 0.75 D at least one eye) was present in 18.63% (95% CI: 17.21–20.12) of the students in at least one eye, with no significant difference between genders. These findings are consistent with other studies in regions such as Puerto Rico and Iran, indicating widespread refractive error issues among schoolchildren. Conclusions: The high prevalence of refractive errors, particularly myopia and astigmatism, highlights the critical need for regular vision screenings in schools and the implementation of public health interventions to provide corrective eyewear. Our study confirms the importance of utilizing standardized methodologies like the RESC protocol to compare refractive error prevalence across different geographical and socio-economic contexts, thereby informing global public health strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building off the success of the federal earned income tax credit (EITC), states have developed earned income credits to supplement the incomes of the working poor. In 2016, a distinctive change to the Oregon Earned Income Credit (OEIC) targeted additional resources to families with young children. Using a unique data set and static estimates, we found that the OEIC yielded proportional decreases in child and young child poverty of 1.8 and 2.6%, respectively. By simulating alternative OEIC policies, we also found that significant increases to OEIC rates or takeup would be required to more aggressively reduce child poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Qi Gong fitness in alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression among underprivileged working youth with a follow-up study. Methods: Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to normal groups (NG) and treatment groups (TG), with 40 participants in each group. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and 24-Item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-24) were used to evaluate the effect of Qi Gong fitness on alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in underprivileged working youth. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic outcome indicators between NG and TG. The main analytic results showed significant differences (P < .05) in the intra- and inter-group comparisons of NG and TG in stress, anxiety, and depression before and after intervention. When compared with prior intervention, NG and TG after intervention showed more favorable scores in PSS, GAD-7, and HAMD-24, among which PSS (NG: 51.61 ± 4.32 vs. 29.80 ± 3.08; TG: 55.21 ± 5.41 vs. 15.85 ± 2.25; P < .01), GAD-7 (NG: 10.83 ± 2.45 vs. 9.85 ± 2.52; TG: 12.23 ± 1.90 vs. 7.84 ± 1.57; P < .01), and HAMD-24 (NG: 10.83 ± 2.45 vs. 9.85 ± 2.52; TG: 25.63 ± 3.94 vs. 11.40 ± 3.82; P < .01); These results indicate that NG and TG have significant effects on alleviating occupational stress, anxiety, and depression in young underprivileged people. Conclusion: The study indicates that Qi Gong fitness had a positive effect on reducing and alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression among young underprivileged professionals. This highlights the potential benefits of incorporating Qi Gong fitness into treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Infant growth is recognized to vary over the short term, with periods of greater and lesser linear growth velocity. Our objectives were to (1) examine the potential differences in overall growth profiles between children who experienced cumulative growth faltering in the first year of life consistent with that seen by many children living in poverty in low‐ and middle‐income countries, versus children without growth faltering and (2) test whether biological factors were associated with the timing of magnitude of growth saltations. Methods: Thrice‐weekly measurements of length were recorded for n = 61 Peruvian infants (28 boys and 33 girls) enrolled from birth to 1 year. A total of 6040 measurements were analyzed. We tested for the evidence of saltatory growth and used hurdle models to test whether the timing and magnitude of saltations varied between children with greater or lesser growth faltering. Results: There were no differences in the duration of stasis periods or magnitude of growth saltations between children who were stunted at 1 year old (N = 18) versus those who were not stunted (N = 43). Children who experienced greater declines in LAZ in the first year of life trended toward longer periods between saltations than those with less of a decline (14.5 days vs. 13.4 days, p =.0512). A 1‐unit increase in mid upper arm circumference for age Z‐score in the 21 days prior was associated with 35% greater odds of a saltation occurring (p <.001), and a 0.128 cm greater saltation (p <.001). Conclusions: After characterizing infant growth into periods of saltation and stasis, our results suggest that increases in weight preceded increases in length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty in early life can have lasting effects on health and human capital; social protection can counter these effects to promote the development of capabilities across the life course. This paper examines how social protection can promote adolescent well-being and facilitate safe and productive transitions to adulthood in lower and middle-income countries. Focusing on governmental non-contributory programmes the paper investigates (i) whether and how current non-contributory social protection programmes are adolescent-sensitive and (ii) what the impact of non-contributory social protection programmes on adolescents is. To examine these questions, we conducted an extensive review of the literature on existing non-contributory social protection programmes and related impact evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the prayer requests for various Bible-related projects and initiatives taking place across Europe and the Middle East, discussing Bible translation, distribution, and literacy. It highlights specific prayer requests for different regions, including Lithuania, Belarus, Albania, Greece, and many others, asking for divine inspiration, spiritual support, and protection for those involved in these efforts.

Urban children are more likely to be vaccinated than rural children, but that advantage is not evenly distributed. Children living in poor urban areas face unique challenges, living far from health facilities and with lower-quality health services, which can impact their access to life-saving vaccines. Our goal was to compare the prevalence of zero-dose children in poor and non-poor urban and rural areas of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Zero-dose children were those who failed to receive any dose of a diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) containing vaccine. We used data from nationally representative household surveys of 97 LMICs to investigate 201,283 children aged 12–23 months. The pooled prevalence of zero-dose children was 6.5% among the urban non-poor, 12.6% for the urban poor, and 14.7% for the rural areas. There were significant differences between these areas in 43 countries. In most of these countries, the non-poor urban children were at an advantage compared to the urban poor, who were still better off or similar to rural children. Our results emphasize the inequalities between urban and rural areas, but also within urban areas, highlighting the challenges faced by poor urban and rural children. Outreach programs and community interventions that can reach poor urban and rural communities—along with strengthening of current vaccination programs and services—are important steps to reduce inequalities and ensure that no child is left unvaccinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Communist Poland: A Jewish Woman's Experience" is an annotated memoir by Sara Nomberg-Przytyk, a Polish Jewish woman who went from being a prisoner in Auschwitz to a powerful journalist in Poland. The memoir covers her life from her liberation in 1945 to her decision to leave Poland and immigrate to Israel in 1969. The memoir was created through a multilayered translation project involving scholars and family members. It explores Nomberg-Przytyk's involvement in the Communist Party, growing antisemitism, and her evolving doubts about the party. The book offers insights into life in Poland after World War II and serves as an exercise in memory studies and self-reflection. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the dual crisis of ecological and social issues that the world is currently facing. It argues that the capitalist system of production is the underlying cause of these crises and that addressing one without the other will not lead to a solution. The article proposes a shift towards democratic control over finance and production, with a focus on well-being and ecology rather than growth. It suggests expanding universal public services, establishing public works programs, introducing a public job guarantee, scaling down destructive industries, and implementing wealth taxes and maximum income ratios. The article emphasizes the need for international cooperation and solidarity, as well as alliances between environmentalists and labor movements. It concludes by stating that achieving a just and sustainable world economy is possible through collective struggle and the embodiment of life-centric alternatives. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores the effectiveness of social holidays by examining, how the objectives of state-driven Finnish social tourism are met in practice and how the benefits of a social holiday differ between disadvantaged families with children and adult groups. Among both groups, the results of a quantitative survey (N = 796) and six qualitative interviews of four highly experienced holiday instructors foreground benefits related to emotional and mental well-being, participation and activeness, and an opportunity to escape mundane responsibilities and difficult life situations. Our results suggest that in some areas (social interaction, life management, peer support) outcomes of a holiday vary between customer groups, which foregrounds the need to match social tourism objectives and services to their variable needs and motives. Regarding methodological aspects, this study demonstrates that when a respondent directly evaluates the benefits of a holiday, the results may differ from those gained via two-stage quantitative analyses applying general-level scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Green Egg" is a story about a woman who inherits a mysterious egg that brings fear and shame to her family. Despite her initial attempts to destroy it, she decides to care for the egg after being encouraged by a magpie. A beautiful green bird hatches from the egg and brings joy to the woman's life, but is shot by a fearful neighbor. Feeling guilty, the woman runs away and hides in a cave until her daughter convinces her to return. When they come back, they find the bird alive and singing on their roof, bringing joy to the entire village. The story ends with a man inspired by the woman's courage placing his own egg on the windowsill. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the origins of fairy tales in Neapolitan literature during the 15th and 17th centuries, focusing on the works of Masuccio Salernitano, Girolamo Morlini, and Giovan Battista Basile. It argues that while fairy tales were not common in Italian novellas, there was a gradual incorporation of magical elements into these stories, possibly influenced by the Renaissance's interest in magic and the supernatural. The article discusses the compatibility between magical folktales and the novella genre, using examples from authors such as Tommaso Guardati (Masuccio Salernitano) and Girolamo Morlini. It provides a list of references and sources for further research on Italian novellas and fairy tales, covering topics such as the history of novellas, the influence of folklore, and the blending of literary genres. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Mały Przegląd" against Culture of War discusses the pacifism of Janusz Korczak, a Polish-Jewish pedagogue, and his initiative to create a children's journal aimed at building a sense of dual Polish-Jewish identity. The journal, "Mały Przegląd," published between 1926 and 1939, provided a platform for young authors to express their views on social issues and promote cultural and social initiatives. Korczak's opposition to war was deeply rooted in historical, biographical, and philosophical contexts, and his work aimed to create a community of young writers and readers against the culture of violence. The article explores the cultural, social, and political origins of Korczak's pacifism and highlights the impact of war and humanitarian crises on his social philosophy. Through "Mały Przegląd," Korczak sought to educate children on mutual understanding, empathy, and the importance of building a society free from violence and conflict. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education is the property of Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study addresses the research gap in heritage Hebrew in Nordic countries, focusing on the perspectives of Hebrew-speaking immigrant parents in Finland. The objective is to understand family language policies and the use of Hebrew within multilingual families, exploring factors influencing parental decisions on heritage Hebrew transmission to the children. Employing a mixed qualitative–quantitative approach and the FLP analysis method, the research explores language management and the dynamic use of Hebrew within families, examining factors that influence heritage Hebrew maintenance in Finland. A survey of 36 families revealed a shift away from Hebrew towards the majority languages in Finland, with approximately a third of the children having poor or non-existent oral Hebrew skills. Despite the emphasis on Hebrew literacy by many parents, the reported proficiency levels were low, with slightly over 10% of children demonstrating good or excellent reading and writing skills, while 43% were entirely illiterate in the language. A third of respondents cited challenges in accessing Hebrew education, attributing it as the primary reason for the children's illiteracy, as only 26.3% of children received external Hebrew teaching. While the connection between the birth order of the children and their heritage Hebrew skills presented diverse patterns, the survey revealed a notable shift towards Finnish as the primary communication language among siblings. A unique connection was found between parents' birthplace and language choices, indicating reduced Hebrew transmission among repatriated parents. These insights contribute to understanding heritage Hebrew dynamics in Finland, with potential implications for informing policies supporting language transmission in similar contexts and practical application in multilingual families worldwide. Furthermore, by analyzing the dynamics of maintaining heritage Hebrew in Finland and investigating the language policies of immigrant Israeli families in the Nordic context, this study expands the theoretical understanding and contributes to the advancement of the fields of heritage languages and family language policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly three decades since the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, federal cash assistance to families in poverty in the United States has entered political discourse once more with the Biden Administration's introduction of the American Families Plan. At the heart of this discussion are theories of change that derive from the family and developmental sciences. As a result, scientists in these fields have a duty to understand the history of the last reform and the consequences it has since had for children in poverty. In this paper, I review the history of perspectives toward government social assistance programs, as well as extant research demonstrating the mechanisms through which maternal employment and federal cash assistance impact child wellbeing. Lastly, I propose a conceptual framework for understanding the influence of family‐based social assistance programs and parenting on child wellbeing to guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Growing up in socio-economic disadvantage has important and long-lasting effects on children's lives. Children from disadvantaged households often fall behind in many areas of well-being and development, with effects that continue to limit their opportunities and outcomes – including their health and labour market outcomes – long after they reach adulthood. Drawing on Europe-wide survey data from 27 countries, this paper explores how childhood socio-economic disadvantage affects later adult labour market and health outcomes and evaluates the country-level GDP-equivalent cost of childhood disadvantage due to lost employment, lost earnings, and lost health, as well as the costs of lost government revenue and extra benefit spending. Results point to large costs for societies from childhood socio-economic disadvantage, totalling on average the equivalent of 3.5% of GDP annually. We also show that the labour market penalties linked to childhood disadvantage are often smaller in countries with lower absolute levels of disadvantage. While not causal evidence, these associations suggest much of the impact of childhood disadvantage in adulthood can be mitigated with the right environment and policy set up in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the interplay between autobiography and faërian imagery in J.R.R. Tolkien's "Smith of Wootton Major." It discusses Tolkien's personal connections to the story and his use of allegory and symbolism. The text also delves into the themes of Catholicism and Protestantism, exile and trauma, desire and beauty, and loss and renewal in Tolkien's works. It highlights the influence of Tolkien's mother and his personal experiences on his writings. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of the various themes and elements present in "Smith of Wootton Major" and their connections to Tolkien's life and beliefs. [Extracted from the article]

Over the past 25 years, the Government of Quebec (Canada) has introduced a number of relatively novel policies aimed at fighting poverty such as the Universal Child Care Program (UCCP) in 1997 and the Quebec Parental Insurance Program (QPIP) in 2006. Since its inception, the QPIP has provided a means‐tested supplementary benefits scheme for disadvantaged households. The scheme yields a well‐defined kink in the benefits schedule with respect to two entirely exogenous criteria. Using the QPIP administrative data files from 2006 to 2017, we estimate the causal impact of the supplemental benefits on leave duration and participation of poor households within a sharp Regression Kink Design (RKD) approach. Our results indicate that single mothers are relatively responsive to additional benefits. Conversely, partnered mothers are not found to respond to the supplemental benefits, irrespective of fathers' own participation in the parental leave. The Canadian government is currently considering introducing a similar parental leave program. Our results may prove useful for the design of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most prevalent nematode infections globally is Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm. This infection is often seen among children living in poor socioeconomic conditions, in overcrowded households, and in immunocompromised patients with uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, long-term steroid therapy, and other related issues. With treatment, the cure rate is between 90 to 95%. However, reinfection is frequent, particularly in cases where contacts are not treated concurrently. Hereby, the authors present a case report of two male patients (58 and 40 year-old) with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus who presented with pinworm infections in unconventional sites. Enterobius vermicularis can manifest in uncommon locations such as the caecum, the appendix, and other visceral organs of the abdomen, including the uterine endometrium. These atypical presentations can lead to more serious complications, such as granuloma and abscess formation, which may even result in infertility. Although pinworm infection is typically considered a childhood disease, immunosuppressed adults are also susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]