Search

The current study aims to explore the role of personality in a nonprofit organization's advertisement on social media and how it influences two advertising components: the types of advertising appeal and social media metrics. A 2 (emotional vs. rational appeal) × 2 (high vs. low social media metrics) full‐factorial experiment was conducted. We found the positive effects of specific personality traits on attitude toward the ad and donation intention; the six HEXACO personality traits were positively related to attitude toward the ad, whereas Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience were the only traits positively related to donation intention. There was no interaction effect of the personality traits and the type of advertising appeal. We also found that Conscientiousness had a moderating role on the bandwagon effect of social media metrics, such that the bandwagon effects of social media metrics on the attitude toward the ad and donation intentions were only significant for participants with moderate (M) Conscientiousness and high (M + 1SD) Conscientiousness. Our findings will contribute to providing practical insights for how to design an effective nonprofit advertisement on social media as well as filling the gap in the literature on nonprofit advertising and personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Education of medical students has a crucial role to play in preparing future practitioners to respond appropriately to drug promotion. Inappropriate prescribing practices without necessarily benefiting the patients contribute to increased health-care costs if prescriber is not aware of the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for ethical medical drug promotion 1988. Hence, this study was conducted with objective to assess the knowledge of 2nd year medical students about the WHO criteria for promotional drug literature. Materials and Methods:This observational study was conducted in the Pharmacology department of tertiary care hospital. 200 2nd year medical students were given a promotional drug literature and were asked to evaluate it according to the WHO criteria on prescribed pro forma. Results: 41% medical students were aware of the WHO criteria. 11% students calculated the importance of reference of scientific literature. 35% evaluated the importance of name and address of manufacturer or distributor. 30% evaluated necessity of dosage form and regimen. 72% evaluated the importance of active ingredients. 45% students evaluated the importance of other ingredients or adjuvant known to cause problem. 85% students calculated the importance of major drug interactions. 74%, 78%, and 62% students calculated the importance of drug-related precautions, contraindications, and warnings. 100% students calculated the importance of brand and generic name and approved therapeutic uses by 98% students. Conclusions: The study showed that medical students have less knowledge about the WHO criteria of promotional drug literature. They require constant education regarding the WHO guidelines as these literatures often influence prescribing behaviors of physicians.

The impact of current calls for transformation of agriculture away from reliance on agrochemical inputs (conventional agriculture) to natural processes (organic agriculture) is gaining strength because the limited productivity of agriculture transformed in this way is unappreciated and/or ignored. Of course, it is possible to produce high yields of individual crops adequately fertilized organically or chemically, but organic fertilizers require land set aside for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by legumes to provide the key macronutrient nitrogen (N) on which organic production relies. The consequence is more area to produce the same amount of food and expansion of agriculture can only be done at the expense of land allocated to nature, presently in critically short supply. The current clamour to reduce animal production and eat less meat will impact negatively on the productivity of organic crops. An analysis of the productivity of organic farms reveals, using the common metric of human food energy, that equal production requires 2–3 times the land area of conventional farms. This was well established before the current post-truth era and, if not reincluded in planning, will lead to both more hunger and less land allocated to natural biodiversity and conservation. The 'transformationists' avoid scientific scrutiny by publishing in colourful promotional literature rather than in peer-reviewed journals. More attention is needed in the debate to bring two currently separated spheres of publication together and to include 'land-use efficiency', the output per unit land area, in this case human food, from an increasingly scarce resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Prosocial advertisers widely use assertive messages to encourage prosocial attitudes and behaviors, but ironically, assertive messages may cause reactance. By applying cultural theories and the reciprocity principle, this study aims to observe whether consumers' responses to assertive messages hold across culturally different audiences (Americans vs South Koreans) and different consumption situations (price discount vs no discount). Design/methodology/approach: American and Korean participants take part in three experimental studies examining the interactions of nationality, price discounts and assertive messaging for influencing consumer responses, first to a prosocial ad encouraging recycling (Study 1), the second for a campaign requesting donations for disadvantaged children (Study 2) and the third to prosocial messages encouraging water conservation (Study 3). Findings: The three experiments strongly support the moderating role of price discounts and cultural backgrounds in the persuasiveness of assertive prosocial messages. American consumers generally dislike assertive messages, but feel reciprocal obligations if marketers include price discounts, whereas South Korean consumers accept both assertive and nonassertive messages without resistance, and discounts have no effects on persuasion. Research limitations/implications: The findings make two key contributions to the literature and to prosocial advertising practices. First, although many corporations have adopted philanthropic strategies, few researchers have examined how specific consumption contexts determine the effectiveness of prosocial persuasion. The findings show how price discounts and message framing potentially alter the effectiveness of prosocial messages across Eastern and Western cultures. Second, assertive language evokes reactance, but the findings suggest that reactive responses to prosocial advertising are culture-specific. Practical implications: International nonprofit organizations and brands using philanthropic strategies might use the guidelines of this study for tailoring strategic, practical prosocial messages that will appeal to consumers from diverse cultural backgrounds. In particular, pro-environmental and charity campaigns targeting North American or Western European populations may consider bundling discounts into promotions to evoke reciprocity. Originality/value: Findings provide novel implications for social marketers regarding on how to couple message assertiveness and price discounts to maximize the success of prosocial messages in different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestão e Sociedade is the property of Revista Gestao e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Analysis of the literature on the subject in the field of territorial marketing, promotion and communication of the local government unit with the environment. Identification of manners to promote cities based on the observation of such activities. Design/methodology/approach: The article is a review of the literature on promotional activities. Findings: The main problem of the work was to answer the question whether promotion plays a communicative function of territorial marketing for social development. The answer to the question is confirmative, because promotion plays one of the most important roles in the marketing activities of local government units. In the case of tourism areas, tourism promotion is of particular importance, as it is part of the economic promotion of local governments, whose task is to improve the living conditions of the local community. Research limitations/implications: The text refers to a limited number of studies. The issues presented in the article require empirical confirmation on a larger number of examples. Practical implications: The conducted analysis allows to conclude that the concept of managing settlement units must include promotional activities that allow the achievement of the intended strategic goals. Originality/value: The conclusions presented in the paper are an extension of the threads present in the literature on the subject, indicating the mutual relations between territorial marketing and promotion for the development of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, scientific studies at academic level in public relations and advertising are carried out in universities, and the results of the studies are evaluated by academicians and the researchers gains some titles. After graduation, someone becomes a scientist by studying Master of Science in the same field or certain fields and gains the highest level of academic title by studying for doctorate. At this point, theses in the public relations and advertising areas produced under institutes are written to give new perspectives and indicate scientific and tangible facts. The purpose of this study is to determine the main subjects in graduate theses written in public relations and advertising areas. The reason for the study is that there is no comprehensive and comparative study on theses in the fields of public relations and advertising in literature in Turkey. In the study, the bibliometric characteristics of the theses of public relations and advertising studies on www.tez.yok.gov.tr are analyzed. The sample size of this study includes 504 approved graduate theses published between the years 2007 and 2017 in these fields. As a result, it is seen that most of the theses in public relations were written on the subjects such as public relations, public relations discipline, public relations education, etc. The least number of theses were found to be written on the subjects such as business, international business and SME. In the field of advertising, it can be said that most of the theses were written on the subjects such as advertising tools, advertising control, advertising evaluation, etc. The least number of theses in advertising were found to be written on the subjects including brand, product and property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effects of brand placement repetition in music videos on consumers' memory, brand attitudes and behavioral intentions, as well as, explores the effective frequency needed to achieve optimal advertising impact. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed hypotheses and research questions were tested using an experimental approach. Participants watched a block of music videos containing various levels of brand placement repetitions. Afterward, participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure memory, brand attitudes and behavioral intentions. Findings: At low levels (below 4–5 exposures), the repetition of a brand placement has a positive effect on brand memory, brand attitudes, intentions to buy and to recommend the brand to others. However, further increases in repetition had detrimental effects on brand attitudes and purchase intentions, but not on memory measures. Additionally, the effects of brand placement repetition on brand attitudes and memory measures were moderated by respondents' brand familiarity. Research limitations/implications: The effects of brand placements were measured through explicit tests that refer to the placement event. Researchers are encouraged to test suggested propositions by using implicit tests. Practical implications: The results of this study can serve as guidance for marketing practitioners on optimal ways to integrate their brands into the contents of mass media programming. Originality/value: Despite the increasing usage of music videos in marketing promotions, limited scholarship explores the effects of placing consumer brands in this promising medium. Current research addresses this gap and contributes both to brand placement literature and scholarship on advertising repetition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the fastest growing Industry in the world. The relationship between pharmaceutical marketing and prescribing behavior (PB) is always a debatable issue. The research aims to identify the role of brand equity (BE) on THE PB of doctors. This is a primary research in which structured questionnaires with 21 multiple choice questions are used to collect data from 261 respondents. Research reveals that BE plays a vital role in influencing the doctor's prescription decision in India. Most of the doctors showed loyalty to branded generics due to easy availability, low cost, and satisfactory results on drugs. The niche therapeutic domain practice is the only exception wherein availability of branded generics is limited. The doctors found to be more inclined towards promotional literature, including clinical trial results, which gives an opportunity to revisit the old marketing strategies and tap the untouched therapeutic segments. It would be worthwhile to Pharmaceutical and Healthcare industry to curb the unwanted expenditures spent on the indecent marketing strategies to a certain extent. This research made an attempt to explain the influence of BE on doctor's PB through application of theory of planned behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new development in female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) is the promotion of revision surgery for 'botched labiaplasty'. This content analysis study reviews the quality of information offered on websites specifically advertising revision labiaplasty. Twelve websites were identified through online searches and were examined for the quality of their clinical information. All sites defined botched labiaplasty as unsatisfactory appearance after labiaplasty. Four gave no further details and five listed asymmetry, irregular labial edges or removal of too much or too little tissue. Four websites described primary botched labiaplasty as 'mutilation'. Inadequacy of the primary surgeon was cited as the cause of botched labiaplasty in 11/12. Only two websites mentioned risks of surgery. Good outcomes were not defined and no website provided outcome data although guaranteed satisfaction was implied in two websites. This study highlights the existence and promotion of services for botched labiaplasty using non-specific and emotive descriptions. These findings suggest that unsatisfactory results from consumers' perspectives are far from uncommon. The same women whose expectations have not been met by primary surgery are now being targeted for repeat surgery with online advertising capitalising on their unchanged motivations.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) is mainly advertised online with labiaplasty as the most commonly performed procedure. A market for labiaplasty revision to correct 'botched' primary procedures is developing. Academic literature and advertising materials are inconsistent when defining indications and determinants of success for labiaplasty or revision.What the results of this study add? A content analysis of websites specifically advertising revision labiaplasty describes the emotive and nonspecific terms used online to promote revision labiaplasty.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The existence of services for botched labiaplasty suggests dissatisfaction is common. Women whose expectations have not been met by primary surgery are targeted for repeat surgery through online advertising capitalising on their potentially unchanged motivations. This study demonstrates the need for clearer outcome data for labiaplasty and highlights the need for better advertising standards for FGCS promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advancements and the increasingly large amounts spent for elections have made it easier for get-out-the-vote (GOTV) campaigns to contact potential voters many times prior to elections. However, the effects of repeated exposure to GOTV treatment have received little attention in the academic literature. Multiple treatments can increase the intensive margin of treatment—by increasing the number of times that treated individuals are exposed to the treatment—or the extensive margin of treatment—by increasing the number of people who are exposed to at least one treatment attempt. We analyze the differences between a treatment with one automated GOTV call and a treatment with three GOTV calls to isolate the effect of changes in the extensive and intensive margins of treatment on voting rates. On the intensive margin, we find that answering one additional call is associated with an approximately 0.6% point increased probability to vote. On the extensive margin, we find that answering one additional call is associated with an approximately one percentage point increased probability to vote. This evidence is consistent with the academic literature on commercial advertising, which finds that repeated exposures to commercial advertisements have diminishing marginal effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thesis / Purpose: The aim of the article is to investigate the origins and development of cookbooks intentionally addressed to children published in the USA in the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim was to indicate specific types of these publications and to identify social and economic factors influencing their evolution. Research method: The source material for the analysis was obtained from the digital resources of cookbook collections in the public domain, such as Ann Hertzler Children’s Cookbook & Nutrition Literature Collection, Johnson & Wales University Culinary Arts Museum and others. In total, several dozen copies issued in the USA in the years 1876-1998 and other artifacts belonging to the area of children’s culinary culture in this geographical area were analyzed. Results/Conclusions: The history of cookbooks for children in the USA begins in 1876 and continues to this day. The genesis of the phenomenon is associated with the dissemination of Enlightenment ideas, especially the new model of upbringing and the psychosocial emancipation of the child along with the socio-economic changes, the expansion of the circle of readers, the emergence of a new group of buyers - middle-class children. Early American cookbooks for children took the form of literary culinary stories, the so-called cookstory or culinary story. They were used to teach girls to cook, they were a tool of socialization to act as a housewife. Since the beginning of the 20th century, we have been observing a dynamic development of new trends in these publications, such as verse cookbooks and brochures advertising well-known food brands, the so-called culinary emphemera. Cookbooks for boys appeared on the market in the mid-20th century. In the 1970s, there appeared guides aimed at adolescents promoting healthy lifestyle and diets (vegan and vegetarian), books related to the heroes of childhood readings and popular media icons for children. Nowadays, attention is drawn to the variety of formats and high editorial attractiveness of these publications and their strong relationship with the toy and media industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mélanges francophones is the property of Galati University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presence and influence of complementary and alternative therapies have been increasingly felt in recent years. One reason for this is the active promotion of its services and products through various media channels. The current study focused on information brochures that are placed on pharmacy counters and shelves, and examined how they function as persuasive texts in promoting products and persuading potential users to buy them. The study utilised genre analysis as a method for examining how language and information in texts are systematically selected and structured to perform particular actions and achieve particular communicative purposes. Genre hybridisation as a theoretical concept is drawn on to explain the inter-generic realisation of forms of discourse. One hundred brochures providing information on complementary and alternative health products produced by pharmaceutical companies were collected from pharmacies in Malaysia and analysed for their communicative content in terms of rhetorical moves used to promote the products. This paper describes the generic structure of the print content in the brochures and discusses how it functions to present a favourable view of complementary and alternative health products to the reader. The results show that across all the brochures, regardless of the type of product, a uniform set of moves that is comparable to the sales promotional genre is identified. The findings also reveal that such information brochures on pharmacy counters are in fact persuasive promotional literature. As these brochures are ubiquitous in pharmacies and drugstores in most countries, they are an important force in influencing consumer and patient knowledge, and beliefs about complementary and alternative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Responsible car advertisements are proposed as a tool for decarbonizing transport. • Commercial car advertisements published in Spain in 2007, 2015 and 2016 are analysed. • Car advertisements lack information on energy problems related to climate change. • A detailed code of 28 good practices is proposed. Climate change, which is mostly caused by CO 2 emissions, continues to be a serious environmental problem. The dissemination of correct information regarding the environmental impact of car CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption promoted by responsible advertising plays an important role in this problem. This article proposes that the promotion of responsible car advertising could serve as a tool for reducing climate change and decarbonizing transport. Thus, a qualitative and quantitative study was performed to analyse the influence of car advertising on CO 2 emissions and attitudes regarding such emissions. The results of this study add value to the limited literature in the field of advertising, cars, and the environment. The analysis of the car advertising sector in Spain in 2007, 2015, and 2016 detected a low presence of good practices. Advertisements lack information regarding energy problems related to mobility, emissions, and climate change. There is an effort to hide CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption information in advertising, energy labels are not presented, and information related to efficient driving or moderate vehicle use is lacking. Although the evolution of information regarding emissions and consumption has improved over time with respect to size and location in the advertisements, such data remains marginal. Recent car advertising does not highlight the environmental consequences of the products or offer advice to consumers regarding habits that can help reduce pollution or emissions. Finally, based on this analysis, a detailed code of 28 good practices for the responsible advertising of cars is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciências da Administração is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Ciencias da Administracao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chapter 4 covers district specimens contained in the Harvard University mineral collection and is followed by Chapter 5, a description of the Sterling Hill Mining Museum and its mineral specimens. "Addenda: Unknown Minerals and Late Arrivals", a collection of interesting technical and unusual mineral descriptions, comprises Chapter 26, the final chapter. Chapter 25 is a short but interesting description of some district samples as observed and photographed in thin section, an aspect of Franklin-Ogdensburg mineralogy often overshadowed by the district's collector minerals. [Extracted from the article]

The article is dedicated to the problem of the perception of promotional colonial literature by ordinary colonists. Drawing on the example of Pilgrim fathres, New Plymouth founders, we can see how these advertising pamphlets influenced choosing of place for the future colony and defined goals and organization of colonial undertaking. The author analyzes the story of creation and structure of notable examples of English promotional literature. The purpose of the article is the definition of distance between literature on colonization and colonial enterprises inspired by it.

This article focuses on the discourse of race produced by boosters in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas; it builds on previous research showing the effects of booster materials on the conduct and perception of immigrants. Today, the LRGV continues to impact issues and debates about race in the United States; as such, it is imperative to offer a critical eye to the discourses and mythologies that frame race in the region. A discursive analysis of race in booster materials shows that race was not just an isolated element but one that deeply shaped almost every aspect of the construcion of place—from land, to beauty, to policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In Australia, the influenza vaccine is funded for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter referred to as Aboriginal) children aged 6 months to <5 years old. In Victoria, only 2% of Aboriginal children are vaccinated against influenza. Objective To evaluate whether sending a letter or sending a pamphlet directly to parents/guardians would improve influenza vaccine uptake amongst Aboriginal identified children. Design The study involved a multi-arm, parallel, randomised controlled trial with two intervention groups and one control group. Participants & setting Participants included parents or guardians of Victorian children (aged 6 months to <5 years) who identified as Aboriginal. Households (n = 5534) were randomised (using a random number generator) to receive either a personalised letter (n = 1845), a pamphlet (n = 1845), or no direct communication (control) (n = 1844). The letter and the pamphlet were designed using the INSPIRE framework – a set of behaviour change techniques for action-oriented communication. Main outcome measure The proportion of households where all eligible children received the influenza vaccine between 2 May 2017 and 1 September 2017. Results The control group's vaccination rate was 4.4%, higher than previous years. The pamphlet group achieved a similar vaccination rate (4.5%). The letter group's vaccination rate of 5.9% was significantly higher than the control group [χ2 (1, n = 3689) = 4.33, p =.037]. Conclusions Sending a personalised letter directly to parents/guardians was an effective strategy for increasing influenza vaccination among Aboriginal children. The ineffectiveness of the pamphlet may be due to the lack of personalisation and the authority associated with the letter. Additional research is required to understand participant responses to the material. Trial registration This research was retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on 13 September 2017 (ACTRN12617001315303). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was conducted to evaluate the quality of pharmaceutical promotional literature. Indications was mentioned in 88.2% promotional literature and less than half (40.0, 33.9 and 38.9%) of these contains side effects, precautions and contraindications respectively. Among the provided information 67.3%, 16.5%, 19.5% and 24.0% matched with the BDNF/BNF respectively. Scientific articles (73.3%) were cited most followed by commercial online sources (15.5%), data on file (4.2%), regulatory body approval data (2.9%), product monograph (2.7%) and textbook/reference book (1.6%). Only half (50.2%) of these cited references were retrievable and no 'data on file' could be retrieved. Though most (73.2%) of the promotional claims were true, 13.7, 5.9, 4.6 and 2.6% were identified as false, exaggerated, ambiguous and controversial respectively. This revelation about the quality of promotional literature might be an eye opener for the policy makers. More importantly, this may bring alertness among the physicians during interpretation of pharmaceutical promotion literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines notions of cultural identity and authenticity and how these notions are articulated in the small city of Kaili in Guizhou Province, an ethnically diverse region. Despite its urban status, Kaili has been branded by the local government as a yuanshengtai tourist destination. This Chinese term literally translates as “original ecology” but is used in ordinary conversation to denote a cultural authenticity in which people exist in quiet harmony with nature. Promotional literature uses the term to tout the ethnic cultural practices that mainly occur in the villages of Kaili’s municipal periphery. In contrast, many local urban inhabitants—although amenable to the promotion of Kaili as a tourist destination— have rejected the notion that the city itself could be considered culturally authentic, and proudly declare themselves “fake” ethnic minorities, as against the “genuine” ethnic people of surrounding villages. These small-city inhabitants have also defined themselves against big-city visitors by attributing to the visitors a naïve fascination with cultural authenticity, while themselves remaining aloof from such practices. The cultural authenticity discourse in Kaili has thus facilitated a reordering of social and spatial hierarchies, as blasé small-city residents define themselves against both culturally authentic rural people and authenticity seeking big-city tourists. In analyzing this, the article draws out the broader implications regarding PRC notions of ethnicity, cultural practices, heritage, and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lyme disease (LD) has become the most common vector borne illness in the Northern hemisphere. Prevention relies predominantly on fostering protective behaviors (e.g., avoiding tick areas, using protective clothing and repellent, and doing routine tick checks post-exposure). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness (in terms of knowledge, perceived severity and susceptibility, self-efficacy, response efficacy, intention, and behavior over time) and appreciation of a leaflet and a movie as tools for informing the public in the Netherlands about ticks and LD protective behaviors.Methods: Participants (1,677 at t1 and 361 extra at t2) were members of a representative Internet panel (adults aged 18 years and above). A four group randomized controlled design was used to test the effect of an information leaflet and a movie (two intervention groups), compared to a control group and a follow-up only control group. Data were collected over two periods: July 15-29, 2013 (t1) and at follow-up 4 weeks later, August 16-31, 2013 (t2).Results: Post-intervention results show all respondents in all groups possess good general basic knowledge of ticks and LD. Respondents in both the leaflet and movie groups knew more than respondents in the control group, and had greater awareness of best practices after a tick bite. Intention to perform protective behavior in future was stronger among respondents in the intervention groups. While respondents generally appreciated both the movie and the leaflet, they found the movie ran too long. Follow-up revealed no lasting positive effects from either the leaflet or the movie.Conclusions: Our results suggest that both the movie and the leaflet are valued and effective intervention tools for improving knowledge about tick bites and strengthening self-efficacy and intentions to perform protective behavior against ticks and LD . Achieving lasting effects, however, calls for more action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]