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A diopside based bioactive system with a nominal composition of xCuO-(45.55-x)CaO-29.44 SiO2-10.28P2O5-14.73 MgO (x=0,1,3 and 5mol%) has been prepared by sol gel technique in the laboratory. X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Raman Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy along with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis and pH studies have been undertaken on the prepared samples before and after dipping the samples in simulated body fluid. It has been observed that hydroxyapatite layer starts to form with in 24h during immersion in simulated body fluid. Degradation studies have also been employed to check the degradation behavior in Tris-HCl. Dynamic light scattering studies show that particles are mostly agglomerated and have an average size of 356nm. Zeta potential studies have been undertaken to check the surface charge and it has been estimated that samples carry negative charge when dipped in simulated body fluid. Negative surface charge may contribute to attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. Samples have also shown the antimicrobial properties against the Vibro cholerae and Escherichia coli pathogens. To check the non-toxic nature of the samples, cell cytotoxic and cell culture studies have been undertaken using the MG-63 cell lines. Samples have shown good response with good percentage viability of the cells in the culture media and hence, provides friendly environment to the growth of cells. The particle size, bioactivity, negative values of zeta potential, antimicrobial properties and good cell viability indicate the potential of the synthesized compositions as possible candidates for bone repair applications.

Primary Subject area Developmental Paediatrics Background With more than 28 million individuals of refugee or asylum-seeking background globally, the current situation has been described as one of the largest humanitarian crises of all time. Families of refugee background have complex, multigenerational mental health and developmental needs that are not accounted for in current programming frameworks. Difficulties in resettlement have been further compounded by COVID-19-related lockdowns, straining parental mental health and placing children at an increased risk for developmental or behavioural problems. Providing appropriate support services and educational resources that address the multigenerational concerns of families of refugee background will address these challenges, allowing for improved parental mental health, family cohesion, and developmental outcomes for children. Objectives To gather data about the experiences, resources, referral pathways and barriers that impact the experience of parents of refugee background in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and to develop a novel, multi-dimensional parenting program model using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles. Design/Methods This was a qualitative community-based participatory study using a formative research framework, in accordance with COREQ guidelines. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with parents of refugee background and care providers that work closely with this population. Data were recorded, transcribed, and coded using deductive and inductive coding methods by two independent coders. A peer debriefing strategy was used to verify the coding approach and interpretation of findings in accordance with the RATS (relevancy, appropriateness, transparency and soundness) guidelines for qualitative research. Results A total of 20 IDIs were conducted (7 parents and 13 care providers). The main topics that were identified to be incorporated into the program include features of child development, how to address resettlement issues, child advocacy, and parenting in the Canadian context. Participants felt that tackling the language barriers, addressing the overlapping responsibilities of the mothers attending the sessions, providing incentives, increasing awareness of the program, and using an anti-racist and anti-oppressive approach is key to the program’s success. Participants emphasized the need for trauma-informed mental health support within the program model. Conclusion This study describes the key considerations for a novel parenting program for families of refugee background, by engaging them as key stakeholders in the program design process. Future iteration of this project would involve a pilot and evaluation of the program.

There has been plenty of interest in building and deploying sensor networks. Wireless sensor network is a collection of a large number of small nodes which acts as routers also. These nodes carry very limited power source which is non-rechargeable and non-replaceable which makes energy consumption an significant issue. Energy conservation is a very important issue for prolonging the lifetime of the network. As the sensor nodes act like routers as well the determination of routing technique plays a key role in controlling the consumption of energy. This paper describes the framework of wireless sensor network and the analysis and study of various research work related to Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Natural products are of great surge in the identification of chemopreventive agents and biologically active molecules for the development of new promising therapeutic agents. These agents influence the cascade of biochemical and molecular signalling pathways involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. The natural agents combat the dogma associated with the most dreaded, unconquered health concern and a multigenic disease- cancer. A category of plants known as adaptogens maintain perturbed homoeostasis, augment adaptations to noxious stimuli (exposure to cold, heat, pain, general stress, infectious organisms) and offer endurance to attenuate several disorders in human beings. The well known adaptogens and immunomodulators such as Rhodiola rosea, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Bacopa monnieri, Emblica officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum sanctum and Panax notoginseng claimed to have significant antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties due to the presence of various biologically active chemical compounds. Their immunopotentiating activity is mediated through the modulation of T-cell immunity biochemical factors, transcription factors, some genes and factors associated with tumor development and progression. The combinatory formulation of active immunostimulating constituents from these plants may provide better homeostasis. These immunostimulant factors suggest their potential therapeutic significance in adjuvant or supportive therapy in cancer treatment.

Hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) appended rhodamine derivative 4 has been synthesized which exhibits aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics and forms fluorescent aggregates in mixed aqueous media. These aggregates show remarkable fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in the presence of Hg 2+ ions among various metal ions tested. Further these aggregates were also utilized for the ratiometric imaging of Hg 2+ ions in MCF-7 cell lines.

Here, we present simple and efficient numerical scheme to study static and dynamic properties of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin–orbit (SO) coupling by solving three coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs) in three-, quasi-two and quasi-one dimensional systems. We provide a set of three codes developed in FORTRAN 90/95 programming language with user defined ‘option’ of imaginary and real-time propagation. We present the numerical results for energy, chemical potentials, and component densities for the ground state and compare with the available results from the literature. The results are presented for both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-1 BECs with and without SO coupling. To improve the computational speed, all the codes have the option of OpenMP parallelization. We have also presented the results for speedup and efficiency of OpenMP parallelization for the three codes with both imaginary and real-time propagation. Program summary Program Title: FORTRESS CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/st7md3ss85.1 Licensing provisions: MIT Programming language: (OpenMP) FORTRAN 90/95 External routines/libraries: FFTW 3.3.8 Nature of problem: To solve the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations for spin-1 BEC with anisotropic spin–orbit coupling using the time-splitting spectral method. Solution method: We use the time-splitting Fourier spectral method to solve the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations. The resulting equations are evolved in imaginary time to obtain the ground state of the system or in real-time to study the dynamics.

Microbes influence almost every process of life in one or the other way. We have been employing various techniques to study microbial communities and the ways they interact with the environment. With advances in molecular biology, we are now able to study microbes which were unculturable a few decades ago. The study of microbial communities by sequencing DNA samples from various ecological niches is called metagenomics. Parallel advancements in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies have enabled the scientific community to explore complex biological samples cost-effectively. Generation of billions of reads in a single NGS run poses a significant challenge to store, manage and analyze this vast data. Development of novel bioinformatics applications, specifically for metagenomics data, is therefore vital to assign biological significance to metagenomics data. Many strategies have been introduced to deal with quality control, assembly, binning and functional annotation of metagenomic data. However, there is a great scope of improvement in terms of the diversity, uneven representation, variability and scale of data. Nowadays, the focus has also been shifted to integrate various software tools in a logical manner to develop dedicated pipelines built on easy to use graphic-rich interface. So, continuous improvement in computational resources, as well as bioinformatics software applications, is required in order to capture real information from the mammoth of data being generated in metagenome sequencing experiments.

The Internet of things (IoT) covers the whole world, and our myriad daily devices are connected with their surrounding environment in order to collect information to perform specific tasks. These IoT devices need to interact and synchronize with each other, and every place is sensing enabled by a wireless sensor network. The server–client model makes managing the communication and synchronization of a few devices easy. However, if there are thousands of devices, during synchronization the IoT suffers from several limitations and issues, which are most challenging due to its complex environment. To overcome these limitations and issues, blockchain can be used to control and configure IoT devices. Blockchain’s original use was for bitcoin (cryptocurrency), but now its use is expanding to many other fields, including the IoT, healthcare, finances, security, and academic and industrial fields. Now that blockchain technology has been realized as the next revolutionary technology, the primary aim of using blockchain in the IoT is to connect things to the Internet in a peer-to-peer manner, and blockchain is the only distributed ledger maintained by a peer-to-peer network where non trusted participations in the network can communicate with each other without a trusted third party. Blockchain capabilities, such as immutability, auditability, transparency, open source, persistency, and anonymity, can solve most architectural shortcoming of the IoT. Among other things, IoT devices require privacy, security, authentication, protection from attacks, affordability, easy deployment, and self-maintenance. The aim of the IoT is to merge both digital and physical worlds into a single ecosystem that makes up a new intelligent era of the Internet.

Of late, a spurt in the general awareness about the biological aspects of nutrition has been witnessed. The changing trend demands for high nutritional value products that can easily and rapidly be produced at large scales in a cost-effective manner. Microalgae constitutes a distinct group of unicellular photosynthetic organisms and a broad variety of eukaryotic algae containing a plethora of beneficial compounds such as carbohydrate, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, astaxanthin, and lutein. These compounds find application in the production of high-quality nutraceuticals that provide health benefits such as controlling blood pressure, boosting immune system, reducing coronary heart diseases, serving as anticancer agents, and acting as antioxidants. Besides, the benefits of using microalgae are its high productivity on arable and nonarable land, thus posing no threat to the agricultural crop production. Although the nutritional value and its commercialization is still in nascent stage, intense efforts are underway all over the world to explore untapped potential of microalgae that could lead to the solution of several problems through green technologies and open gateway to a multibillion dollar industry. This chapter gives an overview of microalgae and its diversity, nutritional value, and current challenges on its use as nutraceutical product.

Free space optical communication is a cost-efficient method for accessing high-bandwidth applications which has gained more attention with latest commercialization achievements. Fading induced by turbulence is a serious issue in FSO link which harshly deteriorates link performance. In order to reduce the turbulence effect caused by scintillation, various researches have been carried out in the domain of FSO network. This research work has employed one such technique in order to reduce the scintillation effect, which involves the use of homodyne detection in conjunction with the multibeam technique in WDM FSO system. Performance comparison of the single beam and multibeam WDM FSO system using homodyne detection in context of BER, Q factor and eye height have been explored for the scintillating effect in this paper.

The present study was planned to explore the bioaccumulation potential of 23 plant species via bioaccumulation factor (BAf), metal accumulation index (MAI), translocation potential (Tf), and comprehensive bioconcentration index (CBCI) for seven heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc). The studied plants, in the vicinity of ponds at Sahlon: site 1, Chahal Khurd: site 2, and Karnana: site 3 in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab (India), were Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Brassica napus L., Cannabis sativa L., Dalbergia sissoo DC., Duranta repens L., Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ficus infectoria Roxb., Ficus palmata Forssk., Ficus religiosa L., Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Medicago polymorpha L., Melia azedarach L., Morus indica L., Malva rotundifolia L., Panicum virgatum L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Dolichos lablab L., Ricinus communis L., Rumex dentatus L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, and Solanum nigrum L. BAf and Tf values showed high inter-site deviations for studied metals. MAI values were found to be more substantial in shoots as compared with that of roots of plants. Maximum CBCI values were observed for M. azedarach (0.626), M. indica (0.572), D. sissoo (0.497), and R. communis (0.474) for site 1; F. infectoria (0.629), R. communis (0.541), D. sissoo (0.483), F. palmata (0.457), and D. repens (0.448) for site 2; D. sissoo (0.681), F. religiosa (0.447), and R. communis (0.429) for site 3. Although, high bioaccumulation of individual metals was observed in herbs like C. sativa, M. polymorpha, and Amaranthus spp., cumulatively, trees were found to be the better bioaccumulators of heavy metals.

With the fast-track growth of IoT (Internet of Things), wireless sensor networks (WSN) has also gained attention. For effective communication among sensor nodes, protocols are being developed rapidly. Simulation is necessary for any network before deployment to check the functionality and detect the potential errors. Earlier recognition of issues can save both resources and time of network designers. Few simulation environments were already available before the development of WSN technology. Later on, a few other simulation environments were developed specifically for WSN. Simulation environments based on programming language C/C++ and MATLAB are reviewed in this paper. This paper also discusses the extensions of simulation environments. The main focus of this paper is to help novice researchers in choosing an appropriate simulation tool that fits their research criterion.

Purpose: Phenobarbital is a commonly employed antidepressant and anti-epileptic drug. The cancer promoting activity of this genotoxic xenobiotic is often ignored. It is responsible for oxidative stress leading to modulation in xenobiotic and antioxidative enzymes. Glucosinolates and more specifically their hydrolytic products are known for their antioxidative and anticancer activities. The present study involves the analysis of hepatoprotective effect of erucin (isolated from Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell.) against phenobarbital mediated hepatic damage in male wistar rats. Methods: The liver homogenate was analyzed for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and lactate dehydrogenase), other oxidative parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive species, conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxide), phase I enzymes (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, cytochrome P420, cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5), phase II enzymes (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, DT-diaphorase and glutathione-S-transferase), serum parameters (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin) and certain histological parameters. Results: Erucin accorded protection from phenobarbital induced hepatic damage by normalizing antioxidative enzymes, other oxidative parameters, phase I, II, and serum parameters. Conclusions: Erucin, an analogue of sulforaphane has the potential to act as an anticancer agent by regulating various biochemical parameters.

The usage of combination of onion (Allium cepa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) in legume preparations is vogue in North India but the amounts of these three additives need to be optimized to enhance iron bioavailability from the legumes. Four levels of the three additives were set where onion and tomato were added to 100 g of base legume i.e. dehusked mungbean (Vigna radiata) @ 25, 50, 75 and 100g each while garlic was added @ 5, 10, 15 and 20g. The inclusion of the combination of onion tomato and garlic at levels Level 1 (4.55), Level 2 (5.37), Level 3 (5.80) and Level 4 (7.11) had a significantly (p≤0.05) higher ascorbicacid level when compared to the legume with no additive (0.26mg). β-carotene content increased significantly (p≤0.05) at all the levels (15.42 to 36.2μg) when compared to the legume with no additive (13.64μg/100 g fresh weight) Similarly, the in vitro iron bioaccessibility increased significantly (p≤0.05) when the level of fortificationincreased, the percent increase being 11.9, 14.1, 25.6 and 54.6 % at Level 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively when compared to the legume with no additive . The study concluded that the combination of onion (100g), tomato (100g) and garlic (20g) can enhance the bioaccessibility of iron from legumes maximally, hence, the observation can be useful in evolving dietary strategies to maximize the bioavailability of minerals from legumes.

Correction for ‘Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and applications thereof’ by Amrita Kaur et al., Anal. Methods, 2020, 12, 5532–5550, DOI: 10.1039/D0AY01961E.

In the various applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the event occurrence information or data sensed by the sensor node has no significance until the location of an event/sensor node is not known. Therefore, localization is an important parameter in WSN for tracking these deployed sensor nodes in the sensing area. To localize these sensor nodes, there are various existing localization models in available detailed literature. One solution to this problem is to deploy a set of static anchor nodes (GPS equipped) in the sensing area, that broadcast their coordination information to help unknown nodes to localize themselves. Another way is to use a single mobile anchor node that will follow a specific path and localize unknown nodes. But a mobile anchor node must follow an optimal path that helps to achieve high accuracy and able to localize a large number of unknown nodes in less computational time. In this paper, the author design and developed a localization algorithm in which a GPS equipped single mobile anchor node follows a new path trajectory i.e. spiral pentagon. Once the target node falls under the communication diameter of the virtual node, six virtual anchor nodes are projected in the shape of a ring around the anchor node and localize all the unknown nodes in the sensing area by using the application of Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) for optimization. The hypothesis of six virtual anchor nodes is to avoid the problem of Line of Sight. This proposed method assured that each target node can estimate their node coordinates at least once with a low localization error.

Traditional Wireless sensor networks rely on a limited energy source, mostly batteries. But most applications need nodes to be an autonomous and continuous operation for months or years. Power consumption by sensor node is the most important part of WSN. MAC protocols help in reduction of power consumption which increases the node lifetime. But it can extend the lifetime to a certain point only, finally, we have to replace the battery. Energy harvesting along with the duty cycling come to the rescue, but now the MAC layer needs to be redesigned. In battery-based WSN the major emphasis is on lifetime only but Green Energy harvesting based protocol focus on effective energy utilization and improving the quality of the network. In this paper, new MAC protocol is designed known as Hybrid multilayer receiver initiated MAC protocol customized for the solar energy.

The present study is intended to investigate the influence of SrO doping in SiO2–CaO–MgO–P2O5 (varying SrO as 0, 1, 3 & 5 mol %) sol-gel derived bioceramics. The impact of strontium doping on structural and biological properties is assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, degradability in simulated body fluid (SBF), Brunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET), Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) and anti-oxidant activity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress using cell culture studies. Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (FESEMM-EDX) technique is used for morphological studies. The in vitro tests demonstrate that incorporation of strontium does not hinder the precipitation of the hydroxyapatite. The Zeta potential studies reveal that samples possessed negative surface charge, which might promote the binding and augmentation of osteoblasts. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation assay conducted on human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line indicate significant cell survival. With regard to the antioxidant properties, samples with the highest concentration of strontium exhibits maximum protection against hydrogen-induced oxidative stress in cell culture. Thus, our studies suggest that SrO doped bioceremics demonstrate excellent physical and biological properties and strongly present their candidature as successful implant materials.

The present study focuses on the study of influence of CeO2 substitution on the structural, in vitro bioactivity, degradation, osteoblasts proliferation, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induction in the sol-gel derived 34SiO2·8P2O5·17MgO.xCeO2.(41-x)CaO (x = 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol%) bioceramics. Zeta potential measurements were undertaken and it has shown two sign reversals with time when samples were immersed in simulated body fluid. This is mainly attributed to the adsorption of the cations from the samples and the second reversal is speculated to be due to the precipitation of the PO43− from the body like fluids. Results revealed that samples containing high amounts of cerium decrease bioactivity by forming the cerium phosphate instead of hydroxyapatite on their surfaces. In spite of the decrease in growth rate of hydroxyapatite layer formation, it is observed that maximum protection towards the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis is favored for higher amounts of cerium-containing samples exhibiting maximum cell viability. Our results indicate that the “sol gel” synthesis technique promotes hydroxyapatite growth rate over conventional “melt quenching” route.

The unattended nature of the WSN makes the nodes susceptible to various attacks. Among many of the possible attacks, ones that are focused on draining nodes’ energy are most dangerous since they leave the network dead. This paper proposes a scheme to detect the aggressive behavior of nodes by using the packet- forwarding behavior of the nodes. Trust value is lessened if in any case there is a difference between the number of packets forwarded by the sensor hub during data transmission is discovered abnormal. In this way, after a certain number of rounds, nodes which are acting as aggressive will be removed. For transmitting the information over the system effectively when the abnormal hub is to be expelled from existing path would require second way promptly accessible, to take care of this issue in this method two nearest neighboring hubs are chosen to shape two ways. The rendition of the system is analyzed on the basis of remaining energy, packet forwarding ratio, and throughput.

A wireless sensor network is the combination of large numbers of nodes connected to each other in order to communicate with other networks over a particular territory. Within the sensor networks there are two types of attacks which are active and passive attacks. The selective forwarding is the active type of attack in which malicious nodes drop some packets in the network which affect network performance which is considered in this paper. In this research work, technique of threshold is designed which detect and isolate malicious nodes from the network. The simulation results shows improvement in terms of dead nodes, throughput and packet loss.

The area of energy harvesting using vibration sources has attracted numerous researchers over the past few years. It has a great potential to have extended lifetime of low-power devices such as wireless sensors, portable devices, and wearable devices. The wireless devices in today’s date require batteries which have a limited lifetime and needs to be replaced with time. In case of wireless sensors that work in harsh environment, it is nearly impossible to replace batteries. The concept of energy harvesting aims to develop devices that do not require replaceable batteries. This is done by converting available energy from the environment into electrical energy to power wireless devices. This paper is focused on piezoelectric energy harvesting. First, different approaches to harvest energy have been discussed in brief. After that piezoelectric energy harvesting has been discussed in detail. Different components of piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit namely transducers, rectifiers, and storage devices have been discussed.

Since its adoption more than two decades ago in the field of dentistry, three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has rapidly gained popularity as an imaging tool for three-dimensional visualization, diagnosis, and treatment simulation. The objective of this two-part study was to assess landmark identification, as well as the diagnostic value of images obtained using an ultra-low-dose reduced projection (sparse) views algorithm Adaptive-Steepest-Descent-Projection-Onto-Convex-Sets (ASD-POCS) applied to existing dental CBCT data. ASD-POCS was developed for CBCT studies, producing multiple CBCT data files with 12.5% (39), 25% (76), and 50% (150) of the original number of projection views (which is in direct proportion with the lowering of radiation dose). Assessment of 2D landmark identification derived from CBCT data at different projection views was conducted. Assessment of diagnostic quality was studied by evaluating radiographs of various projection views on a visual analog scale by different dental specialists. In conclusion, this study found no statistically significant differences in the quality of images at 25% (76) projection views as compared to 100% (300) projection views. The implementation on ASD-POCS algorithm by the CBCT manufacturers in the future may be beneficial for clinicians in reducing the amount of patient radiation exposure when obtaining routine orthodontic diagnostic radiographs.

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2011-13 to evaluate the effect of application of farmyard manure (FYM), recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) and their combination on storage protein quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in soybean based cropping system in Punjab. Densitometric analysis of chromatograms revealed significant variations in relative densities of α' subunit of β-conglycinin protein in soybean in year 2011 and α subunit of legumins in chickpea among different treatments whereas other subunits of glycinin and β-conglycinin in soybean and legumins and vicillins in chickpea did not vary significantly. Maximum value of 11S/7S ratio was observed in treatment with FYM @ 10t ha-1 and FYM @ 10t ha-1+100% RDF in soybean seeds in year 2011 and 2012 respectively and with RDF in chickpea. In wheat, the relative quantity of 55.7, 48.8 and between 11-13 kDa bands increased significantly in combined treatment of organic or inorganic fertilizer than their individual treatments, whereas relative quantity of 40.7 kDa band was significantly low in FYM @10t ha-1 +100% RDF treatment as compared to other treatments. Combined treatments of organic and inorganic fertilizer resulted in presence of additional bands corresponding to 61.4 and 22.5 kDa and disappearance of subunit band corresponding to 16.4 kDa in wheat grains. It is concluded that combined organic and inorganic treatments did not change major storage protein fractions and can be used to improve fertilizer management practices.

In this paper, the optical character recognition is used to recognize the scanned English documents by using neural network and MDA. The human mind easily read any interrupted scanned documents but it is difficult to machine. So the optical character recognition are solved this problem. The output images are not editable by capturing camera or scanned document but with the help of optical character recognition this problem easily solved. The OCR process consists of three major sub processes like pre processing, segmentation and recognition. The neural networks are playing very important role for character recognition its helps to provide high accuracy for the character.

Optical character recognition (OCR) is more popular system for research field. In India, a lot of work has been done on various scripts, like Devanagari, Bangla, Tamil, Gujarati, Oriya etc. In this paper, we present a review of various OCR systems for Gurmukhi scripts. All the feature extraction techniques for extracting the features, classifiers for classification are discussed in various section of this paper. At the end, we have concluded various techniques on the basis of their accuracy.

FSO (free-space optics) is a new technology used to solve last mile problem in point-to-point communication. As name indicated, FSO link is a seamless communication link using air as a medium for transmission of optical information. For successful transmission, medium should be free of attenuation caused by different weather conditions like rain, haze, fog. In this paper, analysis of FSO systems has been done using two 32-channel WDM systems and then compared at a constant data rate of 2.5 Gbps. The system with single laser outperforms the system employing an array of 32 CW lasers in terms of link distance under different rain conditions.

Wireless sensors collect the data and transmit it to the base station through a network of nodes. The flow of data through the network can also be termed as traffic flow. The nature of traffic flow in a network depends upon application for which network is designed. Modeling traffic flow for a wireless sensor network (WSN) is as important as designing the MAC or routing protocol. In fact, estimating the flow of expected traffic is a prerequisite of designing a protocol. Efficient estimation of traffic flow helps in determining resource requirements. Overestimation and underestimation of the traffic pattern and flow can lead to wastage or exhaustion of resources. Medium access control (MAC) protocol is responsible for shared access of media among nodes. Poisson distribution is used for shaping of traffic for multilayer MAC (ML-MAC). This paper proposes another traffic profiles such as Pareto and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) for ML-MAC which are more realistic than Poisson. Further, it simulates ML-MAC for the proposed traffic models. Finally, this paper compares the results in terms of energy consumption and average delay. The results are further justified and concluded by providing supporting applications.

Cancer cell lines of human tissue origin have been extensively used to investigate antiproliferative activity and toxicity of herbal extracts, isolated compounds, and anticancer drugs. These cell lines are genetically and/or epigenetically well characterized to determine the altered expression of proteins within given cellular pathways and critical genes in cancer. Human derived hepatoma (HepG2) cell line has been extensively exploited to examine cytoprotective, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, anti-hepatoma, hypocholesterolemic, anti-steatosis, bioenergetic homeostatic and anti-insulin resistant properties. Moreover, mechanism of action of various botanicals and bioactive constituents has been reported using these cells. HepG2 cells have significant differences as compared to primary hepatocytes with respect to expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and xenobiotic receptors in conventional in vitro culture conditions. Therefore, strategies have been employed to overcome limitations of two dimensional (2D) in vitro HepG2 cell culture in order to recognize functional biomarkers more accurately and to boost its predictive value in clinical research. In consequence, three dimensional (3D) human hepatoma cell culture models are being developed as a resource to achieve these goals of simulating the in vivo tumor microenvironment. It is assumed that bioengineered 3D hepatoma cell culture models can provide significant assistance in scrutinizing the molecular response of herbal natural products to recognize novel prognostic targets and crucial biomarkers in treatment strategies for cancer patients in near future.

Radio over fiber (RoF) is one of the primary technologies for the provision of future broadband networks. This work is focused to the implementation of cost effective radio over multimode system (Ro-MMF) for long haul communication. A 10 Gbps data along with 10 GHz radio signal is transmitted over multimode fiber link of 40 km. Moreover, the results are also reported for proposed Ro-MMF system by using LG 00, LG 01 & LG 02 modes.

Primary cardiac tumors are rare and usually benign. The incidence of cardiac lipomas is 8 % of benign cardiac tumors [1]. Several surgical options have been reported to obtain an appropriate operative view because of their poor visualization when the tumors are located in the Left Ventricle (LV). We report a rare case of massive left ventricular lipoma occupying pericardial space. A 23-year-old female had back pain since 6 months. She visited a local orthopedician, who ordered for computed tomography scan of chest and back. Computed tomography showed a large epicardial mass located along the anterior surface of the heart, from the diaphragm level through the aortic arch level. The mass showed an attenuation value identical with that of subcutaneous adipose tissue and contained some areas with high density. The mass was not enhanced by contrast media. Percutaneous biopsy was done, histologic examination of the specimen demonstrated mature adipose tissue. An encapsulated adipose mass weighing 865 g, which originated from the left ventricle anteriorolateral surface without any invasion to the pericardium, was near completely excised, except for a small portion which was encasing obtuse marginal artery. Microscopic examination revealed mature adipose tissue with partial necrosis, confirming the diagnosis of lipoma.

Bioactive sample of the composition 41CaO-8P2O5-17MgO-34SiO2 has been prepared in the laboratory by quick alkali mediated sol-gel method. 1M ammonia solution has been used to form the gel. Bioactivity of the sample has been analyzed by soaking the samples in simulated body fluid. Degradation study has also undertaken to check the degradation behavior of the sample. MTT cytotoxic test has also been done to know the toxicity of the sample and results show that samples has good percentage of cell viability in the cell culture media. Formation of the hydroxyapatite has been confirmed by the XRD, Raman spectroscopy and FESEM-EDX study.

A diopside based bioactive system with a nominal composition of xCuO-(45.55-x)CaO-29.44 SiO

Purpose of review This review examines associations between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and cardiovascular disease. Recent findings FGF-23 is a hormone produced by osteocytes and osteoblasts that aids with phosphate excretion by the kidney and acts as a negative feedback regulator for activated vitamin D synthesis. Recent studies have found associations between elevated FGF-23 levels and a number of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular events and mortality. Conclusion Recent studies have explored the possible effects of FGF-23 on the cardiovascular system. In animal and observational human studies, there is a link between elevated FGF-23 levels and multiple cardiovascular outcomes, including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular events and mortality. Further studies are required to evaluate whether decreasing FGF-23 levels improves cardiovascular outcomes.

Two series of Schiff bases viz. N-substituted benzylidene benzene-1, 2-diamines (1a-e) and N, N’-bis substituted benzylidene benzene-1, 2-diamines (2a-e) were synthesized using o-phenylenediamine and various substituted aldehydes in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Physical data of all the synthesized compounds is reported. The compounds were characterized by their IR and 1H NMR spectra and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Burkholderia sp. and Fusarium oxysporum. The compounds containing halogen group showed better activity as compared to the others. Out of the halogenated compounds, the bromo substituted compounds exhibited more activity. The other halogenated compounds followed the order Br > Cl > F. None of the compounds gave better results as compared to the standard ampicillin and bavistin.

In Pharmaceutical industries, several peptide antibiotics of importance are produced by Bacillus subtilis. Many antibiotics of importance are produced by B.subtilis species. Antibiotics are the biochemical secreted by microorganism which in low concentration inhibit the growth or kill other microorganism i.e. the antibiotics are “antimicrobial agent of microbial agent”. The antibiotics producers are widely spread in nature, where they play very important role in regulating the microbial population of soil, water, sewage, and compost. During this study antibiotic production ability of microorganism was detected by conventional method of crowded plate technique. Further identification and isolation of the antibiotic was carried out by the technique of paper chromatography and Bioautography1 and subtilin was identified to inhibit the growth of S.aureus. For the maximum production of the antibiotic the suitable parameters are optimized experimentally i.e. time, temperature, pH, media (carbon and nitrogen source). © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.

Backgound: Human exposure to xenobiotics is responsible for increased susceptibility to genetic and epigenetic changes. These changes are further accountable for disruption of pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and senescence. Among array of plant products, that play an imperative role against such adverse catastrophes, the naturally occurring isothiocyanate known as 3-Isothiocyanato-1-propene (AITC) possesses abundant biological activities of therapeutic interest. Purpose of the study: Hence, considering these facts, the present study was planned to analyse four metabolic sites viz., liver, kidneys, stomach and lungs for protective activities of AITC against phenobarbital induced damage in Wistar rats. Methodology: The rats were divided into eight groups and treatments were given intraperitoneally for five days followed by sacrificing of animals on sixth day. The organs were homogenized and analysed for biochemical parameters and histopathology. Results: AITC in all the metabolic sites attenuated the levels of cytochrome dependent oxygenases, phase II detoxifying enzymes (DT-diaphorase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and glutathione-S-transferase), cascade of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase), membrane bound ATPases (Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase) and serum marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphastase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen). Futhermore, the different doses of AITC (50, 100 and 150 µM/kg bw) resumed the necroinflammatory score by improving the piecemeal necrosis, focal lytic necrosis and portal inflammation. Conclusion: The maximum efficacy of amelioration by AITC was observed in liver due to the fact that amount of these enzymes in metabolic sites other than liver is quantitatively low. Hence, AITC emerged as potent candidate for ameliorating the harmful effects of non genotoxic carcinogen (phenobarbital) by regulating its metabolism efficiently in rats. Owing to its useful functions, AITC can act as an important bioprotective agent. Citation Format: Saroj Arora, Sakshi Bhushan, Adarsh Pal Vig, Pardeep Kaur, Robin Shergill. 3-Isothiocyanato-1-propene as biomodulatory agent in ameliorating phenobarbital induced alterations in profile of detoxifying enzymes in different metabolic sites of Wistar rats [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1277.

Cloud Computing is a vast paradigm to operate on remote devices using which one can access any data, platform or any kind of infrastructure.In this paper we have done a survey on the context aware framework that is used in the smart cities. In this paper CAMELO framework is studied along with the advantages and ease of use in it. A context-aware service discovery framework based on mobile cloud computing environment is reviewed in this paper.

The need to control the short channel effects in transistor that occurs in nanometer regime has caused the invention of multi gate transistors over planar bulk transistors in order to improve the performance. In this research paper the 3D model of SOI FinFET and Bulk MOSFET at 20nm node technology is designed and their transfer characteristics, drain characteristics and short channel effects are reported. The OFF state leakage current, DIBL, and threshold voltage of SOI FinFET and bulk MOSFET has been calculated. The simulation is performed using TCAD simulator. The simulation results has shown that the OFF state leakage current is less in FinFET as compared to bulk MOSFET and the Ion in SOI FinFET is higher than that of bulk MOSFET. The DIBL of bulk MOSFET is found to be 2.57 times more than that of SOI FINFET, so SOI FinFET has shown reduction in short channel effects as compared to bulk MOSFET at 20nm gate length. GIDL is also examined in both devices. The drain current of SOI FinFET at Vgs= 0.1V is observed higher than that of bulk MOSFET.