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Pregnancy is a period influenced by the interaction of several factors, therefore this study aimed to identify changes in lifestyles due to pregnancy and childbirth in Portuguese and immigrant women in Portugal. This is a qualitative study, using the semi-structured interview, with eighty-two Portuguese and immigrant women. Content analysis was used, with verbatim classification supported by Nvivo 10. It was authorized by an Ethics Commission. Results revealed that the primary changes in lifestyles due to pregnancy were in eating habits (nutrition), daily activity, exposure to danger, sleep and rest patterns, social and family relationships, going out, self-care, work, clothing and footwear, travel, health monitoring and sexual activity and substances consumption. The main change after the birth, manifested by these women, was that their lives began to revolve around their baby.

Background Oral hygiene habits and regular dental appointments are important daily behaviours that can prevent oral health problems, namely dental caries and periodontal disease, and are related with socio-demographic factors. The aim of this study was to assess oral hygiene habits and dental appointments and the association with socio-demographic factors in a Portuguese sample of adolescents. Methods A sample of 447 adolescents (61.9% female) aged 12 to 19 years old, attending a public school in Satao, Portugal, was enrolled …

This study aimed to assess the care received and the barriers faced by immigrants and Portuguese pregnant women in Portugal. This is an exploratory qualitative study, resorting to applying semi-structured interviews to 60 immigrant and 22 Portuguese women. Content analysis supported by QSR Nvivo10 program was used. The study was approved by an Ethics Committee. The results showed four categories related to affective dimensions-relational, cognitive, technical-instrumental and health care policy for pregnant women. As for the barriers in health care, these were mentioned by some of the expectant mothers, especially immigrant women. Almost all, both immigrant and Portuguese, pregnant women were satisfied with the health care. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asistencia sanitaria recibida y las barreras que enfrentan las madres inmigrantes y portuguesas en Portugal. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, con entrevista semiestructurada que se aplicó a 60 mujeres inmigrantes y 22 portuguesas. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido apoyado por el programa QSR Nvivo10. El estudio fue aprobado por un Comité de Ética. Los resultados mostraron cuatro categorías: las relacionadas con las dimensiones afectivas y relacionales, con la política, la técnica instrumental y el cuidado de la salud cognitiva de las embarazadas. Se han mencionado las barreras en el cuidado de la salud por algunas embarazadas, sobre todo inmigrantes. La gran mayoría de las mujeres embarazadas tanto inmigrantes como portuguesas, se encontraban satisfechas con la atención de la salud. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os cuidados de saúde recebidos e as barreiras enfrentadas por gestantes imigrantes e portuguesas, em Portugal. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratório, com aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada a 60 mulheres imigrantes e 22 portuguesas. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo apoiada pelo programa QSR Nvivo10. O estudo foi aprovado por uma Comissão de Ética. Os resultados apontaram quatro categorias relacionadas às dimensões afetivo-relacional, cognitiva, técnico-instrumental e política do cuidado de saúde à gestante. Já as barreiras nos cuidados de saúde foram mencionadas por algumas gestantes, com destaque para as imigrantes. Na sua grande maioria, tanto as gestantes imigrantes quanto as portuguesas, encontravam-se satisfeitas com os cuidados de saúde.

Introduction: Recent studies have revealed an association between overweight and obesity and the risk of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between overweight and obesity and the risk of developing HP infection in a sample of portuguese adolescents. Methods: A sample of 447 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old, attending a public school in Sátão, Portugal, was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire with questions about socio-demographic aspects, risk behaviours and daily habits was answered by adolescents.The adolescents were screened for HP infection using the 13C-urea breath test that consists in the exhalation of carbon dioxide in samples before and after swallowing urea labeled with non-radioactive carbon-13. Obesity was evaluated by the body mass index (BMI) calculated by the ratio of weight and height (Kg/m2), according to the Cole et al. tables. Prevalence was expressed in proportions and compared by the chi-square test. Crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.0% and 1.6%, respectively. The prevalence of HP infection was 35.9%. Overweight and obesity was not associated with gender (male, OR=0.9 95%CI=0.5-1.6), age (>15 yrs, OR=1.3 95%CI=0.7-2.3), father´s professional situation (unemployed, OR=1.8 95%CI=0.8-4.1) smoking habits (yes, OR=0.7 95%CI=0.4-1.4), alcohol consumption (yes, OR=1.0 95%CI=0.5-2.0) and soft drink consumption (yes, OR=1.2 95%CI=0.4-3.4). However, overweight and obesity was associated with parents`educational level (< 9th grade, OR=2.1 95%CI=1.2-3.8), residential area (rural, OR=1.6 95%CI=1.1-2.8) and coffee consumption (yes, OR=1.7 95%CI=1.2-2.9). After adjustment by non-conditional logistic regression for gender, age, parents´educational level, father´s professional situation, residence area and coffee consumption the HP infection is not associated with overweight and obesity (OR=1.4 95%CI=0.8-3.2). Conclusions: Overweight and obesity in adolescents is associated with socio-demographic variables and addictive habits, but not with HP infection.

Background The incidence of sleep disorders among adolescents has been increasing in the last years and several risk factors have been identified to justify this major public health issue. Objectives Assess the prevalence and determinants of insomnia in a Portuguese sample of adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 397 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years old, attending a public school in Satao, Portugal. A self-administered questionnaire with questions about …

Background Teenagers are a priority intervention group in sexual education. Objectives To promote a model of training intervention based on the debate and critical reflection about sexuality in the context of the classroom, to test its efficiency and characterize teenagers in the sexual context. Methods It is a field experimental study with a non probabilistic sample of 56 teenagers (28 in the control and experimental group, respectively) with an average of 15 years of age (sd = 1.191). The evaluation protocol is the questionnaire which allows characterizing social demographic and sexual. It includes the scale of attitudes concerning sexuality, 1 attitudes concerning the birth control pill and condom, 2 scale of knowledge about family planning, 3 scale of knowledge about sexual transmitted infections 4 and scale of motivation to have or not to have sex. 5 Results Teenagers are an older experimental group, mostly of the male gender and live in a town. They have a dating relationship 39.3% mostly lasting between six months and one year, 35.7% has had sexual intercourse, 21.4% has sexual intercourse in their current dating relationship, 44.4% uses the birth control pill and 55.6% the condom, 67,9% has done emergency contraception and 92.9% considers to be important the use of condom. The training intervention was effective in the attitudes concerning the condom (p = 0.045). Conclusion Educating to a conscious sexual life is the responsibility of everyone. The reflexive methodologies must be privileged, allowing the integration of knowledge and the change of attitudes, where the students’ part is of maximum importance, being up to them, under supervision of the trainer, to post their doubts and collaborate in the pursuit of answers.

Background: Several factors can influence the subjective well-being of nursing students, since the motivation, the separation from family and friends, autonomy in learning, as well as the prospects future professionalsGoal: identify the sociodemographic and academic variables that interfere in subjective well-being of nursing students;Participants: a non-probability sample of 404 nursing students, predominantly female (87.4%), aged 18-24 years. Prevalence students of the 4th year (37.4%).Method: Descriptive, correlational and analytical study. We used the questionnaire with socio-demographic and academic characteristics and the scale of positive and negative affect (PANAS).Findings: men showed more positive affect and negative affects women more; younger students, residents in rural areas, live with the family in the 3rd year, with paid work without fellow status, have more affection positive.Conclusion: The results point to gender differences in the perception of well-being as well as the influence of age group, area of residence, cohabitation and academic year in subjective well-being of nursing students.

As experiências do parto e nascença moldam profundamente as vidas de mulheres, casais e famílias. O objeto deste estudo é entender os sentidos atribuídos ao parto e nascença, das mulheres portuguesas e imigrantes no Portugal, e a identificação dos sentidos e sentimentos vivenciados pelas mulheres que se tornaram mães. É um estudo qualitativo, recorrendo às entrevistas semiestruturadas e analises de conteúdo, sendo estes para 30 mulheres imigrantes e 22 portuguesas, suportado pelo Nvivo10. Os resultados indicam que o sentido do parto, as dores do parto e a nascença são diversos e ambivalentes, de acordo com as experiências de cada mulher. As dores do parto presentam sentidos diferentes, sendo eles divididos entre necessários ou horríveis, mas recompensadores...Palavras-Chave: Experiências; Parto; Dor; Nascença.

A woman who experiences motherhood in the context of immigration is susceptible to mismatches in care, compromising her own experience of pregnancy and childbirth and satisfaction with care. This study intends to understand the traditions, beliefs, and practices of cultural care related to pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum of immigrant mothers in Portugal. It is Qualitative research, using the semi-structured interview in which 60 immigrant mothers participated. Content analysis was supported by NVivo 10. Various beliefs, traditions and cultural practices associated with pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum, from different cultures, are presented. Of special relevance are the bans and prohibitions imposed on the pregnant woman. Overall, immigrant mothers felt their cultural practices were respected without significant cultural conflicts, contributing to the satisfaction with the care received... Keywords: Beliefs; Practices; Cultural Care; Immigration; Maternity.

Background The deficit in preparing women for motherhood is responsible for a higher incidence of complications in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum, as well as lower prevalence of breastfeeding until 6 months of baby’s life. Objective To analyse the relationship of education/information made during pregnancy and preparing women for motherhood. Method This is a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study with a non-probability convenience sample (n = 195). Data collection was made through a questionnaire comprising a sociodemographic component and obstetric history (previous and current) and a pregnant women’s empowerment scale (KAMEDA; SHIMADA, 2008). This data collection instrument was administrated to pregnant women in the third pregnancy trimester. Results 70.8% have breastfeeding information and of these, 40.6% were informed by the nurse. 89.2% of pregnant women surveyed received information about the discomforts of pregnancy and of these, 27.6% were informed by the doctor. 94.4% received information on nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy, and 39.1% said it was the doctor. Information on harmful habits in pregnancy was performed to 80.5% and in 34.4% it was the doctor who transmitted the information. Obstetric variables and the transmitter of information are predictors of the health promotion of the pregnant. Conclusions In order to make choices in a conscious and healthy way pregnant woman should have adequate information at every step of the pregnancy and childbirth. Health professionals (doctors and nurses) should play a facilitating role in acquiring skills of self-care during pregnancy and postpartum.

Background Low birth weight is a significant risk factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as a general indicator of the health status of a population. Objectives: To determine the influence of socio-demographic, obstetric and prenatal care variables in low birth weight. Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational and prospective study. The sample is probabilistic intentional, consisting of 1846 mothers, of which 161 had newborns with low birth weight. A questionnaire was used to collect data between March 2010 and May 2012 in 26 Portuguese public health institutions. Results In this study, low birth weight was associated to: absence of pathologies during pregnancy, absence of gestational age risk, absence of obstetric risk, maternal age considered of risk or not/absence of gestational age risk (p = 0.000), low education/monthly income level ≤ 1000 €, low education/unemployment, number of children of risk/absence of gestational age risk, no consumption of alcohol and tobacco/absence of pathologies during pregnancy, no consumption of alcohol and tobacco/absence of gestational age risk pathologies during pregnancy/absence of gestational age risk, presence of previous pathologies/absence of gestational age risk, twin pregnancy/absence of gestational age risk, and with an error of 10% to low education level, unplanned pregnancy, late onset of prenatal surveillance, and absence of previous pathologies. Conclusion The determination of the factors that favour the development of low birth weight is of fundamental importance to the understanding, planning and development of actions within mother-child health.

Knowing what the woman expected to find and what she found in relation to obstetric practises, enables us to meet the needs, if we assess their satisfaction we will know if we can fill. Objectives To determine if the expectations and satisfaction of women in relation to obstetric practises during the labour, delivery and postnatal influence their perception. To assess the expectations and satisfaction of women in relation to obstetric practises. Analyze the relationship between expectations and satisfaction. Methods A quantitative, descriptive, analytic and correlational cross-sectional, with a sample of 405 mothers. The evaluation protocol includes the scale of importance and perception of Obstetric Practice (Roman Espinaco, Garrido Oliver, 2008) and the Questionnaire Experience and Satisfaction with Childbirth (Costa el al , 2004). Results Satisfaction that women have during labour and delivery is beyond their expectations. As follows from the hospital, expectations and satisfaction of women to improve. However, the expectation of women was not a predictor of perception, as opposed to satisfaction. Conclusion Creating a space for reflection among professionals and managers of health institutions, indicating paths to follow and encouraging behavioural changes.

Background Pain relief is associated to biological, sociocultural and psychological factors. Supporters of preparation for childbirth claim that the main causes of pain result from the triad fear, tension and pain. Objectives To determine if mothers using the psychoprophylactic method of childbirth perceive less pain than those not prepared, and analyse the influence of age and self-concept in the perception of pain in labour. Methods This was a comparative, cross-sectional study with a sample of 103 mothers (50 prepared, 53 unprepared). The data collection instruments include a questionnaire with a socio demographic and obstetric characterization and scale of self-concept of Vaz Serra. Pain was assessed with a numerical scale, on three occasions (beginning of labour, active phase and postpartum). Results The unprepared mothers perceive more pain in early labour and active phase. The prepared mothers reveal more pain in the immediate postpartum, with statistically significant differences in the onset and active phase of labour. The age of the prepared mothers does not influence the perception of pain at the beginning of labour and in the immediate postpartum; in the unprepared mothers it does not influence the active and post-partum phases. In prepared parturients, increase in self-concept decreases the perception of pain, while unprepared mothers do not reveal statistically significant differences. Conclusions As a preparation for childbirth decreases the perception of pain, we recommend this method to be implemented in services monitoring the health of pregnant women.

Introduction Socioeconomic conditions are rarely considered in the epidemiology of subfertility. This study determined the effect of current and past socioeconomic conditions on the occurrence of sub-fertility in women with a successful pregnancy. Methods Women were recruited in 2005/6 for Geracao XXI, a Portuguese birth cohort. Personal interviews were conducted to collect socio-demographic and pregnancy-related data. Life-time subfertility was self-reported and defined as trying to conceive for more than 1 year with no success. Education, income, working condition and marital status were proxy indicators of social class. The childhood circumstances of the women were accessed by parents9 education and amenities at age 12. The analysis considered 7916 mothers. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the odds (OR) of being sub-fertile according socioeconomic circumstances, stratified by number of previous pregnancies (1 vs >1) and age ( Results Sub-fertility was reported by 9.1% of the women (n=719). Prevalence was 8.7% among primigravidae and 9.5% in multigravidae (84% of the multigravidae were multiparous). Almost 2/3 sought medical help. Among young primigravidae, sub-fertility decreased with education (>12 vs ≤6 years: OR=0.20 95% CI 0.11 to 0.39), and was lower among single women (OR=0.27 95% CI 0.12 to 0.59) and smokers (OR=0.60; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.94). Only education showed a significant association with sub-fertility in older primigravidae. Within multigravidae higher education levels increased the odds. Maternal childhood conditions were no longer significant after adjustment for current social circumstances. Conclusions Age and the number of previous births modified the effect of social conditions on sub-fertility which was stronger among younger and primigravidae women.

Background Immigration from low income countries represents a recent and increasing reality in Portugal. The legalisation process is slow and the illegal stay may represent a barrier to healthcare access. The objective of this study was to relate the illegal stay condition with the mother9s obstetric surveillance. Participants and Methods The sample included 499 immigrants living in Portugal, consecutively selected during the year 2010 in 21 Portuguese maternity hospitals. Data were collected in a face-to-face interview on the second day after delivery and with the consultation of medical hospital records. We considered adequate obstetric surveillance (AOS) if the mother had six or more appointments during pregnancy and the first occurred during the first trimester. Results In this sample, the proportion of illegal immigrants was 10.7%. The prevalence of AOS was 73.5%, significantly lower in mothers in illegal situation (59.1% vs 77.9%, p 30 years=79.9%, p 12 years=90.9%, p Conclusion Among immigrant pregnant women living in Portugal, the AOS is associated with illegal stay condition.

Objective: To identify the importance of the cultural care dimension in the nurse-puerperal mother interaction. Method: Qualitative study based on content analysis. To collect data, 36 semi structured interviews were applied (21 nurses and 15 women who had recently given birth). The participants’ free and informed consent was ensured and all ethical requirements were respected. Data analysis was supported by NVivo 10 software. Results: The following categories were considered the most relevant: (i) nurses’ attitudes that puerperal mothers consider crucial in health care provision; (ii) nurses’ cultural competence; (iii) language resources used by nurses in their interaction with people from other cultures; (iv) the limitations that were observed during nurses-new mothers interactions. Conclusion: Evidence shows that, generally speaking, nurses claim to provide personalized health care assistance. However data revealed that the kind of interaction observed between nurses and women who had just given birth has not always been the most effective and that the former often show they lacked the appropriate cultural competence to deal with the latter’s expectations and needs. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la dimensión de la competencia cultural en la interacción entre enfermeras y mujeres que hayan dado a luz recientemente. Método: estudio cualitativo basado en el análisis de contenidos. En la recopilación de datos se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada. Han participado 21 enfermeras y 15 madres en un total de 36 entrevistas. Se aseguró el consentimiento previo, libre e informado de todos los participantes y todos los requisitos éticos fueron respetados. El análisis de datos fue apoyado por el programa NVivo 10. Resultados: las siguientes categorías fueron destacadas: (i) actitudes de las enfermeras que las madres creen ser indispensables en el proceso de cuidar; ii) el ejercicio de la competencia cultural; iii) los recursos lingüísticos utilizados por las enfermeras en la interacción con personas de otras culturas; iv) restricciones y problemas observados en las interacciones entre enfermeras y madres. Conclusión: se concluye que, en general, las enfermeras afirman que cuidan de sus pacientes de manera personalizada. Todavía, los datos revelaron que las interacciones entre enfermeras y madres son a menudo poco eficaces y a las enfermeras les resulta difícil demostrar su competencia cultural. RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a dimensão do cuidado cultural na interação entre enfermeiras e puérperas. Método: Estudo qualitativo assente na análise de conteúdo. Na colheita de dados se utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada, a 21 enfermeiras e 15 puérperas num total de 36 entrevistadas. Se assegurou o consentimento livre e esclarecido bem como respeitaram-se todos os requisitos éticos. A análise de dados foi suportada pelo NVivo 10. Resultados: Destacaram-se as categorias: (i) Atitudes das enfermeiras que as puérperas reconhecem imprescindíveis no processo de cuidar; (ii) Exercitar a competência cultural; (iii) Recursos linguísticos utilizados pelas enfermeiras na interação com pessoas de outras culturas; (iv) Constrangimentos manifestados nas interações enfermeiras e puérperas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que apesar das enfermeiras, ao nível discursivo, afirmarem que cuidam de forma personalizada, os dados revelaram que nem sempre as enfermeiras foram eficazes nas interações com as puérperas, de forma a demonstrarem a competência cultural, num estadio considerado culturalmente consciente.

São vários os achados históricos que confirmam que o parto, na antiguidade, era realizado em posição vertical. Contudo, com o passar do tempo, aspetos sociais, científicos, culturais e religiosos foram modificando a forma vertical de parir. Aos poucos, as cadeiras de parto foram caindo em desuso, dando lugar ao parto na posição horizontal. No entanto, tem-se vindo a comprovar que a verticalização do parto, tem múltiplas vantagens que fragilizam a defesa de uma prática de parto na posição horizontal. Nesse sentido, pretendeu-se com este estudo, identificar os benefícios da posição vertical no trabalho de parto. A opção metodológica foi a revisão integrativa da literatura, de artigos publicados no friso temporal de 2017-2020, em Português e Inglês disponíveis nas bases de dados Medline (n= 236), CINAHL (n= 163) e B-On (n= 244), seguindo a estratégia PICOD. Em dezembro de 2020, fez-se a consulta às bases de dados, utilizando a expressão de pesquisa booleana “Delivery, Obstetric”[Mesh]) AND “Patient Positioning”[Mesh] OR (“Delivery, Obstetric” [Mesh] AND upright) OR (upright labor positioning) OR (Vertical[Title] OR upright[Title]) AND (childbirth[Title] OR labor[Title]). Foram critérios de inclusão artigos em texto integral, de acesso livre, estudos qualitativos ou quantitativos, estudos randomizados controlados (RCT), revisões e ensaios clínicos. Não foram consideradas publicações de resumos simples, comunicações em conferências ou artigos de revista sem avaliação por pares. Com base no método de pesquisa foram selecionados 10 artigos, dos quais emergiram os seguintes resultados principais: a verticalização do parto tem benefícios provocados pela ação da gravidade, favorece o bem-estar fetal, melhora a dinâmica uterina e a estática fetal, diminui a duração do trabalho de parto, diminui a incidência de episiotomia, aumenta os diâmetros pélvicos e proporciona benefícios psicoafectivos à parturiente.Com base nos diferentes estudos, conclui-se assim que parir na posição vertical beneficia a parturiente e o feto devido a fatores fisiológicos e biomecânicos.

A adolescência é hoje conceptualizada como o período situado entre a infância e a vida adulta. Inicia-se com os primeiros indícios físicos da maturidade sexual e termina com a realização social da situação de adulto independente. No mundo ocidental, corresponde mais ou menos à época entre os 12 e os 20 anos, contudo existem oscilações deste período etário impostas pelas diferenças entre os sexos, etnias, meios geográficos, condições sócio-económicas e culturais. Num mesmo meio, encontramos grandes variedades de indivíduo para indivíduo: há puberdades muito precoces e outras muito tardias. Por outro lado uma mesma pessoa em diferentes momentos tem diferentes ritmos de maturação. A adolescência é também um tempo de transição. Considerada no passado apenas como um breve interlúdio entre a dependência da infância e as responsabilidades da vida adulta atribuída ao jovem. Pouco depois da maturidade sexual, muitas vezes caracterizada por uma iniciação elaborada, o novo adulto trabalhava, casava e tinha filhos.