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This paper performed a retrospective analysis of 19 patients diagnosed with pathologically-verified WHO Ⅱ-Ⅲ grade glioma with T2/FLAIR mismatch sign. We extracted the overall characteristics of the tumor area and the image parameters of the mismatch regions from the patients' imaging data for quantitative analysis. Afterward, we investigated how T2/FLAIR mismatch sign affected the diagnostic efficacy for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant and 1p/19q non-codeleted (IDHMUT/1p/19q+) lower-grade gliomas (LGG). This study showed that the overall and partial T2/FLAIR mismatch sign can be used as an imaging marker to predict IDHMUT/1p/19q+ LGG. The overall imaging characteristics of the tumor area combined with the quantitative parameters of the mismatch regions can improve the diagnostic efficacy for IDHMUT/1p/19q+ LGG.

Abstract Background Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) is a rare subtype of MODYs. It is caused by mutations of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox b gene (HNF1B). 17q12 recurrent deletion syndrome usually results in MODY5 because of the deletion of HNF1B. These patients often have other clinical manifestations besides diabetes. Refractory hypomagnesemia was a clue for further examination in this patient. But she lacked structural abnormalities of the genitourinary system and neurodevelopmental disorders that are common manifestations in patients with 17q12 recurrent deletion syndrome. Some atypical patients deserved attention. Case presentation A 21-year-old young woman was admitted to our hospital for severe malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms. At age 20, she was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and was administered oral antidiabetic drugs. Soon afterward, the patient discontinued the medication on her own accord and then went to the hospital again due to diabetic ketoacidosis. After insulin treatment, diabetic ketoacidosis was cured and blood glucose was controlled satisfactorily. But intractable nausea, vomiting, and persistent weight loss were stubborn. Further examination revealed that the patient had hypokalemia and hard rectification hypomagnesemia. Genetic testing revealed about 1.85 Mb heterozygous fragment deletion on chromosome 17 and deletion of exons 1–9 of HNF1B heterozygosity missing was approved. Finally, the patient was diagnosed MODY5. Discussion and Conclusions The 17q12 recurrent deletion syndrome is characterized by MODY5, structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract, and neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorders. This patient did not have any structural abnormalities of the genitourinary system and neuropsychiatric disorders, which is rare. She had experienced a period of misdiagnosis before being diagnosed with 17q12 recurrent deletion syndrome, and hypomagnesemia was an important clue for her diagnosis. Therefore, diabetic physicians should be alert to a special type of diabetes if patients have unexplained signs and symptoms. The absence of well-known features of HNF1B disease does not exclude MODY5.

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A magnesium–aluminum-layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH) with a nano-lamellar morphology was prepared by using a homogeneous precipitation and hydrothermal method, and a calcination product (Mg-Al LDO) of the Mg-Al LDH was also obtained in this work. The XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, N2 ad/desorption, and TG-DTG techniques were employed to characterize the microstructures, morphologies, and thermostability levels of these two materials in detail. The results showed that both the Mg-Al LDH and Mg-Al LDO had mesoporous structures and nanoplate morphologies, with diameters of 50~200 nm. The Mg-Al LDH was transformed into Mg-Al LDO at 773 K in an air atmosphere. The adsorption properties of the Mg-Al LDH were investigated systematically with a copper chloride solution as a simulated waste. The experimental results demonstrated that the pH value of the solution had an obvious influence on its Cu2+ adsorption capacity, and the optimal pH value was approximately 5.0. The adsorption kinetics results showed that the Mg-Al LDH had a rapid adsorption rate, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 62.11 mg/g. Additionally, the Cu2+ adsorption could be commendably described using a pseudo-second-order model, demonstrating that the adsorption behavior is regulated by chemical sorption. The adsorption thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous at temperatures above 318 K. Moreover, the ΔG0 values decreased as the temperature was raised, which indicated that a higher temperature can cause a greater impetus for Cu2+adsorption. In addition, the positive values of the ΔH0 indicated that the Cu2+ adsorption was endothermic, and the positive ΔS0 values revealed an increase in the confusion at the solid–liquid interface of the adsorbent.

Cefquinome is a new generation cephalosporin that is effective in the treatment of mastitis in animals. In this study, we evaluated the associations between the specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of cefquinome and its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae in a mouse model of mastitis. After a single intramammary dose of cefquinome (30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mammary gland), the concentration of cefquinome in plasma was analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS). The PK parameters were calculated using a one-compartment first-order absorption model. Antibacterial activity was defined as the maximum change in the S. agalactiae population after each dose. An inhibitory sigmoid Emax model was used to evaluate the relationships between the PK/PD index values and antibacterial effects. The duration for which the concentration of the antibiotic (%T) remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the optimal PK/PD index for assessing antibacterial activity. The values of %T > MIC to reach 0.5-log10CFU/MG, 1-log10 CFU/MG and 2-log10 CFU/MG reductions were 31, 47, and 81%, respectively. When the PK/PD index %T > MIC of cefquinome was >81% in vivo, the density of the Streptococcus agalactiae was reduced by 2-log10. These findings provide a valuable understanding to optimise the dose regimens of cefquinome in the treatment of S. agalactiae infections.

Jiao Li et al. evaluate the genetic basis underlying white matter functional connectivity variabilities in healthy human subjects. Their results shed light on how transcriptomic and cellular signatures converge to relate to macroscale brain specialization.

Background Left atrial thrombus (LAT) often complicates with atrial fibrillation (AF). The evidence whether fibrin D-dimer levels could be used as a predictive biomarker for LAT is contradictory. This study firstly investigated the relationship between ‘normal range’ D-dimer and prevalent LAT. Second, we explored factors contributing to normal D-dimer levels in the presence of LAT. Methods We studied 244 AF patients with LAT (mean age: 59.9 years, SD:11.7; 53.3% female): of these, 103 (42.2%) had normal D-dimer, 25 (10.2%) had atrial thrombus exclusion score (ATE score) of 0 19 (16.7%) males had CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of 0, 21(16.2%) females had CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of 1 and 16 had overlapped ATE score of 0 and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of 0 (N = 8 if male) or CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of 1(N = 8 if female). Using multivariate binary analysis, larger left atrial diameter (LAD; adjusted OR: 1.06, 1.03−1.10, p = 0.001) were associated with increased D-dimer. Patients with high body mass index (BMI), hypertension history and previous anticoagulation were more likely to show normal range D-dimer levels in the presence of LAT. Conclusions A high prevalence (42.2%) of ‘normal range’ D-dimer levels was found in AF patients with LAT, especially in those with hypertension, high BMI and prior anticoagulation. D-dimer levels of those patients with larger LAD were more likely to be increased.

Patients with severe traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI) always suffer from incomplete recovery and poor functional outcome. Physical exercise-based rehabilitation, as a non-invasive interventional strategy, has been widely acknowledged to improve PNI recovery by promoting nerve regeneration and relieving pain. However, effects of exercise on chronic plastic changes following severe traumatic PNIs have been limitedly discussed. In this study, we created a long-gap sciatic nerve transection followed by autograft bridging in rats and tested the therapeutic functions of treadmill running with low intensity and late initiation. We demonstrated that treadmill running effectively facilitated nerve regeneration and prevented muscle atrophy and thus improved sensorimotor functions and walking performance. Furthermore, exercise could reduce inflammation at the injured nerve as well as prevent the overexpression of TRPV1, a pain sensor, in primary afferent sensory neurons. In the central nervous system, we found that PNI induced transcriptive changes at the ipsilateral lumber spinal dorsal horn, and exercise could reverse the differential expression for genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway. In addition, through neural imaging techniques, we found volumetric, microstructural, metabolite, and neuronal activity changes in supraspinal regions of interest (i.e., somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, hippocampus, etc.) after the PNI, some of which could be reversed through treadmill running. In summary, treadmill running with late initiation could promote recovery from long-gap nerve transection, and while it could reverse maladaptive plasticity after the PNI, exercise may also ameliorate comorbidities, such as chronic pain, mental depression, and anxiety in the long term.

Abstract The role of triglycerides (TG) in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is controversial. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between TG levels and prognosis in COVID‐19 patients and investigate the factors that affect TG. COVID‐19 patients were divided into normal or high TG level groups. Their demographic data, medical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory results, and final clinical results were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 174 patients were included. TG level was 1.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.1‒2.1) mmol/L for all patients; 2.2 (IQR: 1.8‒2.7) mmol/L and 1.1 (IQR: 1.0–1.3) mmol/L in the high TG and control groups, respectively. Overall, 29 patients (16.7%) died during hospitalization, including 19 (23.1%) in the high TG group and 10 (11.5%) in the control group (absolute survival difference, 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2%‐5.1%), log‐rank χ 2 = 5.7, and p = .017). Serum ferritin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels were significantly higher in the high TG group compared to the control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, leukocyte, serum ferritin, LDH, CRP, and IL‐10 levels. Multiple regression showed that serum ferritin and IL‐10 levels affected the TG level (R 2 = .095). The TG level in COVID‐19 patients is correlated to serum ferritin and IL‐10 levels, which reflects the activation of macrophages. It is suggested that COVID‐19 patients be monitored for elevated TG as both a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for COVID‐19.

Abstract A good method of synthesizing Ti3C2Tx (MXene) is critical for ensuring its success in practical applications, e.g., electromagnetic interference shielding, electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, sensors, and biomedicine. The main concerns focus on the moderation of the approach, yield, and product quality. Herein, a modified approach, organic solvent-assisted intercalation and collection, was developed to prepare Ti3C2Tx flakes. The new approach simultaneously solves all the concerns, featuring a low requirement for facility (centrifugation speed

Abstract Aims Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) was shown to ameliorate pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by negatively regulating the MEK–ERK1/2 and NF‐κB pathways. However, whether MD1 modulates cardiac function and whether the Akt pathway mediates the benefits of MD1 in pressure overload‐induced cardiac remodelling remain unclear. Methods and Results Male cardiac‐specific transgenic MD1 (MD1‐TG) mice, MD1‐knockout (KO) mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates aged 8–10 weeks were subjected to sham operation and aortic banding (AB) for 4 weeks. Then, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, fibrosis and function of the mice were assessed. When compared with WT‐AB mice, MD1‐TGs showed decreased cross‐sectional area (CSA) of cardiomyocytes (P < 0.001), mRNA expression of β‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC) (P < 0.02), ratios of heart weight/body weight and heart weight/tibia length (P < 0.04) and collagen volume fraction (P < 0.001). The LV end‐diastolic diameter was reduced, and LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were improved in MD1‐TG‐AB mice than in WT‐AB mice (P < 0.05). In cultured H9C2 cells, adenovirus vector‐mediated MD1 overexpression decreased angiotensin II‐induced mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β‐MHC and cell CSA (P < 0.002), whereas knockdown of MD1 by shRNA exhibited opposite effects (P < 0.04). Mechanistically, MD1 suppressed pathological cardiac remodelling at least partly by blocking Akt pathway. Akt inactivation by MK2206 largely offset the pro‐hypertrophic effects of MD1 deficiency in angiotensin II‐stimulated cardiomyocytes. Conclusions The Akt pathway mediates the protective effects of MD1 in pressure overload‐induced cardiac remodelling in mice. Targeting MD1 may provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pathological cardiac remodelling and heart failure.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been taking cancer research by storm as they provide valuable therapeutic benefits to cancer patients in terms of immunotherapy. Melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are among the most prevalent cancer varieties that were utilized in ICI trials with many other cancer types being involved too. Despite impressive clinical benefits of overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), etc., ICIs are also accompanied by various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Amongst the irAEs, cardiotoxicity bags a crucial role. It is of paramount importance that ICI-induced cardiotoxicity should be studied in detail due to its high mortality rate although the prevalence rate is low. Patients with ICI cardiotoxicity can have a greatly enhanced life quality despite adverse reactions from ICI therapy if diagnosed early and treated in time. As such, this review serves to provide a complete insight into the predisposing factors, mechanism, diagnostic methods and treatment plans revolving around ICI-induced cardiotoxicity.

There is currently international interest in applying DNA barcoding as a tool for plant species discrimination and identification. In this study, we evaluated the utility of four candidate plant DNA barcoding regions [rbcL, matK, trnL-F, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)] in seven genera of Gramineae including Agropyron, Bromus, Elymus, Elytrigia, Festuca, Leymus, and Lolium. Fourteen accessions were analyzed, and matK and ITS showed the highest species, subspecies, and variety discriminatory power, each resolving 11 accessions. Species discrimination using rbcL and trnL-F was lower, resolving 7 and 8 accessions, respectively. Subspecies and variety discrimination using rbcL and trnL-F could not identify 4 accessions of Agropyron. A technical system can be established using the proposed DNA barcode to rapidly and reliably identify the seven genera of Gramineae. This study serves as a “useful reference” for identifying the genetic diversity of grass germplasm resources. DNA barcoding can be utilized to uncover the relatives of different species within the same family or between different families. It can also be used to determine the related groups of important herbage, turfgrass, and crops and provide crucial background information for discovering excellent genes and improving existing crop varieties.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with no structural damage, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that the brain–gut axis is closely related to the occurrence of IBS. However, studies of IBS related to the brain–gut axis have not been systematically analyzed by bibliometrics and visual analysis. This study is based on 631 publications in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to analyze hot spots and trends in this field. The collaborations between different authors, institutions, countries, and keywords were bibliometrically analyzed by CiteSpace software. Meanwhile, VOSviewer analyzed the references. The results show that since 2012, the number of publications has been growing rapidly. According to the collaborative network analysis, the United States, the National University of Ireland, Cork, and J.F. Cryan are the countries, institutions, and authors contributing the most, respectively. Through keywords and literature analysis, mechanisms and therapy associated with IBS and the brain–gut axis have still been a research focus in recent years. Furthermore, the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the brain–gut axis influencing IBS (related to gastrointestinal dysfunction, vagus nerve, visceral pain, intestinal flora, serotonin, tryptophan metabolism, stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and malonyldialdehyde) are the future research trends, especially the mechanisms related to intestinal flora. This is the first bibliometric and visualization analysis of IBS and brain–gut axis-related literature to explore research hotspots and trends.